| effectiveness of different vaccine formulations against vibriosis caused by vibrio vulnificus serovar e (biotype 2) in european eels anguilla anguilla. | vibriosis due to vibrio vulnificus serovar e (biotype 2) is one of the main causes of mortality in european eels cultured in europe. the main objective of this study was to develop a vaccine and a vaccination procedure against this pathogen. with this aim, we tested several vaccine formulations (inactivated whole-cells with and without toxoids--inactivated extracellular products--from capsulated and uncapsulated strains, attenuated live vaccines and purified lipopolysaccharide [lps]) on eels mai ... | 2000 | 11145457 |
| regulation of metalloprotease gene expression in vibrio vulnificus by a vibrio harveyi luxr homologue. | expression of the vibrio vulnificus metalloprotease gene, vvp, was turned up rapidly when bacterial growth reached the late log phase. a similar pattern of expression has been found in the metalloprotease gene of vibrio cholerae, and this has been shown to be regulated by a vibrio harveyi luxr-like transcriptional activator. to find out whether a luxr homologue exists in v. vulnificus, a gene library of this organism was screened by colony hybridization using a probe derived from a sequence that ... | 2001 | 11157950 |
| [effects of vibrio vulnificus metalloprotease on the capillaries: pathological actions and inactivation by alpha-macroglobulin]. | vibrio vulnificus is an opportunistic human pathogen causing wound infection and septicemia, characterized by hemorrhagic and edematous damage to the skin of limbs. when injected into the dorsal skin, an extracellular metalloprotease from this vibrio (v. vulnificus protease: vvp) enhanced the vascular permeability through activation of the hageman factor-plasma kallikrein-kinin cascade and/or stimulation of exocytotic histamine release. additionally, vvp caused the hemorrhagic skin lesion throug ... | 2000 | 11190200 |
| a highly homologous 68 kbp plasmid found in vibrio vulnificus strains virulent for eels. | vibrio vulnificus serovar e (biotype 2) strains are virulent for eels and have also been reported to cause illness in humans. studies on the plasmid content of serovar e strains revealed the existence of a plasmid of approximately 70 kbp present in most of these strains. in this study we characterized the 70 kbp plasmids of seven biotype 2 strains isolated from seawater, diseased eels and wound infections in humans. we determined the exact size of the high molecular weight plasmids to be 68 kbp. ... | 2000 | 11199498 |
| microbiological quality and safety of quahog clams, mercenaria mercenaria, during refrigeration and at elevated storage temperatures. | the effects of storage temperatures and times on the microbiological quality and safety of hard-shelled quahog clams (mercenaria mercenaria) were examined. samples were stored at four different incubation temperatures (3.3, 7.2, 10.0, and 12.8 degrees c) for a period of 3 weeks, following their harvest from summer growing waters (> or = 27 degrees c) and winter waters (< or = 4 degrees c). clams were analyzed for two naturally occurring pathogens, vibrio parahaemolyticus and vibrio vulnificus. d ... | 2001 | 11252477 |
| [fulminant sepsis caused by vibrio vulnificus. a case series]. | vibrio vulnificus is a marine bacteria associated with the ingestion of raw shellfish or contact with seawater. it can produce wound infection, diarrhea and sepsis. the main risk factor for infection is the presence of chronic liver disease. prior studies have shown mortality from 40% to 63%. | 2000 | 11256106 |
| dna packaging and developmental intermediates of a broad host range vibrio vulnificus bacteriophage 71a-6. | the structural intermediates in the capsid assembly and dna packaging pathway of vibrio vulnificus bacteriophage 71a-6, a rod-shaped double-stranded dna podovirus, were isolated by ultracentrifugation and studied by electron microscopy, sds-page and pulsed-field gel electrophoretic analysis. bacteriophage 71a-6 synthesized rod-shaped capsids (mean length=200+/-8 nm; mean width=47+/-3 nm n=50) during its development. several host proteins that probably help in the assembly and maturation of the c ... | 2001 | 11292322 |
| identification and characterization of the soda genes encoding manganese superoxide dismutases in vibrio parahaemolyticus, vibrio mimicus, and vibrio vulnificus. | sequencing of fur titration assay-positive clones obtained from genomic dna libraries of vibrio parahaemolyticus, v. mimicus and v. vulnificus revealed open reading frames encoding proteins of 202, 205 and 202 amino acid residues, respectively. each open reading frame was preceded by a predicted fur box which overlaps a likely promoter with similarity to the -10 and -35 consensus sequence of escherichia coli. the deduced amino acid sequences shared considerable homology with bacterial mn-contain ... | 2001 | 11293479 |
| differential expression of vibrio vulnificus elastase gene in a growth phase-dependent manner by two different types of promoters. | elastase activity of vibrio vulnificus was highly dependent on growth phase, reached a maximum during the stationary phase, and was regulated at the level of transcription. the stationary phase production of elastase in crp or rpos mutants, which were constructed by allelic exchanges, decreased about 3- and 10-fold, respectively. however, the promoter activity of vvpe encoding elastase was unaffected by those mutations in the log phase when analyzed using a vvpe-lux fusion. a primer extension an ... | 2001 | 11297524 |
| effect of sub-mics of antibiotics on the hydrophobicity and production of acidic polysaccharide by vibrio vulnificus. | subinhibitory concentrations of antibiotics, which can occur in vivo, have been demonstrated to alter the production of bacterial virulence factors, including the capsule, or the interaction between microorganism and phagocyte by affecting surface hydrophobicity. | 2001 | 11306787 |
| [analysis of the plasmid profile of various salmonella serotypes]. | every year foodborne infections cause millions of illnesses but many of them go undiagnosed and unreported. the epidemiology of these illnesses is changing, new pathogens have emerged (escherichia coli o157:h7, cyclospora cayetanensis, vibrio vulnificus). salmonella spp. is the most common bacterial cause of acute enterocolitis with us. all over the world, as well as in our country the most often isolated serotype is salmonella enteritidis. a great problem in many countries is the multiresistant ... | 2000 | 11320741 |
| [identification of vibrio vulnificus from patients with otitis media and septicemia by pcr method]. | sucrose-negative colonies were isolated on tcbs agar plate from otorrhea specimens from otitis media patient in the adult diseases examination center, hirosaki medical association. the isolate was identified as vibrio vulnificus by nested pcr method which amplify v. vulnificus-specific sequences directed against 23s rrna genes. the pcr method was applied to identify 6 strains originally isolated from septicemia patients in kurashiki central hospital and formerly identified as v. vulnificus by ph ... | 2001 | 11357321 |
| fda warning on raw oysters. food and drug administration. | the food and drug administration (fda) has issued a warning that persons with hiv or with liver disease, should avoid eating raw oysters because of the risk of infection with vibrio vulnificus bacteria. eating oysters from reputable sources does not eliminate the risk; only proper cooking kills the bacteria. more information can be obtained by calling the fda seafood hotline at (800)fda-4010. | 1995 | 11362630 |
| effects of bacteria on the growth of an amoeba infecting the gills of turbot. | we analysed the influence of various bacteria on the in vitro growth of trophozoites of a platyamoeba strain isolated from diseased gill tissues of cultured turbot. little or no growth was shown by amoebae cultured in the presence of (1) the turbot-pathogenic bacteria vibrio anguillarum, aeromonas salmonicida or streptococcus sp., (2) pasteurella piscicida or vibrio vulnificus (pathogenic for some fishes but not turbot), or (3) the non-pathogenic 'environmental' bacteria vibrio campbelli, vibrio ... | 2001 | 11411647 |
| detection and molecular characterization of vibrio vulnificus from coastal waters of malaysia. | a total of 57 vibrio vulnificus isolates from coastal water were characterized for their antimicrobial resistance, plasmid profiles and were typed by the pcr-based techniques: a random amplification of polymorphic dna (rapd) method and the enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus sequence (eric) method. all isolates were susceptible to chloramphenicol, nalidixic acid, tetracycline and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. fifty-one isolates were resistant to one or more of the other antibiotics ... | 2000 | 11414409 |
| antacid increases survival of vibrio vulnificus and vibrio vulnificus phage in a gastrointestinal model. | viable counts of three strains of vibrio vulnificus and its phage were determined during exposure to a mechanical gastrointestinal model with or without antacid for 9 h at 37 degrees c. v. vulnificus was eliminated (>4-log reduction) within 30 min in the gastric compartment (ph decline from 5.0 to 3.5). viable v. vulnificus cells delivered from the gastric compartment during the first 30 min of exposure reached 10(6) to 10(8) cfu/ml in the intestinal compartment after 9 h (ph 7.0). phages were e ... | 2001 | 11425699 |
| [necrotizing dermatitis due to vibrio vulnificus]. | vibrio vulnificus is a gram-negative halophilic pathogen for man that can cause septicemia in patients with chronic liver disease. in healthy subjects, infections are generally local or regional. we report two cases of necrotizing dermo-hypodermitis due to vibrio vulnificus. | 2001 | 11427803 |
| [rapidly progressive and fatal multiple organ failure and necrosis of lower extremities due to vibrio vulnificus sepsis]. | | 2001 | 11460358 |
| purification and characterization of a vulnificolysin-like cytolysin produced by vibrio tubiashii. | an extracellular cytolysin from vibrio tubiashii was purified by sequential hydrophobic interaction chromatography with phenyl-sepharose cl-4b and gel filtration with sephacryl s-200. this protein is sensitive to heat and proteases, is inhibited by cholesterol, and has a molecular weight of 59,000 and an isoelectric point of 5.3. in addition to lysing various erythrocytes, it is cytolytic and/or cytotoxic to chinese hamster ovary cells, caco-2 cells, and atlantic menhaden liver cells in tissue c ... | 2001 | 11472951 |
| vibrio vulnificus septicemia in a patient with the hemochromatosis hfe c282y mutation. | vibrio vulnificus is an extremely invasive gram-negative bacillus found in marine waters that causes overwhelming bacteremia and shock that is associated with high mortality. impaired iron metabolism has been implicated in the susceptibility to v vulnificus bacterial infections. we report a case of fatal v vulnificus sepsis in a 56-year-old man who died within 1 to 3 days after consuming raw seafood. at autopsy, he was found to have micronodular cirrhosis and iron overload. postmortem genetic an ... | 2001 | 11473471 |
| comparison of selective media for the detection of vibrio vulnificus in environmental samples. | to compare two selective agars, cellobiose-colistin (cc) agar and a modification of the vibrio vulnificus medium (vvmc agar), for the isolation of vibrio vulnificus from environmental samples. | 2001 | 11473597 |
| isolation and characterization of a vibrio vulnificus mutant deficient in both extracellular metalloprotease and cytolysin. | we isolated a vibrio vulnificus mutant that was deficient in both metalloprotease and cytolysin by allelic exchange. the virulence of this mutant in mice and its cytotoxicity for hep-2 cells were comparable to those of the wild-type strain, indicating that neither factor was essential for these properties. the cytolysin, but not the protease, seemed to be important for causing damage in the alimentary tract of the mice. | 2001 | 11500479 |
| heterogeneity of environmental, retail, and clinical isolates of vibrio vulnificus as determined by lipopolysaccharide-specific monoclonal antibodies. | the opportunistic pathogen vibrio vulnificus expresses lipopolysaccharide (lps) antigens on its outer membrane surface. a serological typing system was developed for these antigens, utilizing the discriminatory recognition of monoclonal antibodies (mab) by elisa. mab were used to recognize five unique types of lps-associated antigens for examination of clinical. environmental, and retail isolates of v. vulnificus. the overall serotype profile of the clinical isolates was significantly different ... | 2001 | 11510655 |
| [vibrio vulnificus. a marine bacterium with lethal potential]. | vibrio vulnificus is a halophilic gram-negative rod widespread in the aquatic environment and associated with primary septicemia and severe wound infections. the first swedish case was reported in 1994. ever since, sporadic cases have occurred in the south of sweden whenever the coastal water temperature has exceeded 20 degrees c. critical for a successful outcome in these infections has been early diagnosis with appropriate antibiotic and surgical treatment. a review of this subject was prompte ... | 2001 | 11526658 |
| the importance of serum creatine phosphokinase level in the early diagnosis, and as a prognostic factor, of vibrio vulnificus infection. | vibrio vulnificus infection causes rapidly progressive skin lesions and sepsis in compromised hosts with liver cirrhosis, and is often fatal. early diagnosis and rapid treatment are important. | 2001 | 11531792 |
| essential role for estrogen in protection against vibrio vulnificus-induced endotoxic shock. | little is known about the underlying mechanisms that result in a sexually dimorphic response to vibrio vulnificus endotoxic shock. v. vulnificus is a gram-negative bacterium, considered one of the most invasive and rapidly fatal human pathogens known. however, 85% of individuals that develop endotoxic shock from v. vulnificus are males. using the rat, we have developed a model for v. vulnificus endotoxic shock that mimics the sexually dimorphic response in humans. gonadectomy in females results ... | 2001 | 11553550 |
| cloning and characterization of a blue fluorescent protein from vibrio vulnificus. | the blue fluorescent protein (bfpvv) gene bfpvv from vibrio vulnificus ckm-1 was cloned and sequenced. the transformants exhibited blue fluorescence when irradiated by uv source. nucleotide sequence analysis predicted an orf of 717 bp encoding a 239-amino-acid polypeptide with a calculated molecular mass of 25.8 kda. the nucleotide sequence of the bfpvv gene and its deduced amino acid sequence showed significant homology to those of the short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase (sdr) family proteins f ... | 2001 | 11554735 |
| [vibrio vulnificus infection of the soft tissues]. | | 2001 | 11555919 |
| field testing of a vaccine against eel diseases caused by vibrio vulnificus. | the field results of a vaccination programme against vibrio vulnificus serovar e (biotype 2) in a spanish eel farm are reported. a total of 9.5 million glass eels were vaccinated from january 1998 to march 2000 by prolonged immersion followed by 2 subsequent reimmunisations after 12 to 14 and 24 to 28 d, respectively. the acquired protection and the immune response against serovar e were estimated over a period of 6 mo after vaccination. a similar vaccination schedule was conducted with elvers i ... | 2001 | 11558727 |
| transmission to eels, portals of entry, and putative reservoirs of vibrio vulnificus serovar e (biotype 2). | vibrio vulnificus serovar e (formerly biotype 2) is the etiologic agent that is responsible for the main infectious disease affecting farmed eels. although the pathogen can theoretically use water as a vehicle for disease transmission, it has not been isolated from tank water during epizootics to date. in this work, the mode of transmission of the disease to healthy eels, the portals of entry of the pathogen into fish, and their putative reservoirs have been investigated by means of laboratory a ... | 2001 | 11571177 |
| snakebite complicated with vibrio vulnificus infection. | snakebite may be complicated with bacteria infections, most of which are gram-negative bacillus. snakebite complicated with vibrio vulnificus infection has not been reported previously. vibrio vulnificus infection is characterized by a necrotizing wound infection similar to the local lesion of severe snakebite. in vibrio infections, aggressive debridement with the administration of strong antibiotics as early as possible is the only effective treatment. we report a 79-y-o man who suffered from s ... | 2001 | 11577933 |
| vibrio vulnificus cytolysin induces superoxide anion-initiated apoptotic signaling pathway in human ecv304 cells. | previous studies showed that exposure to vibrio vulnificus cytolysin (vvc) caused characteristic morphologic changes and dysfunction of vascular structures in lung. vvc showed cytotoxicity for mammalian cells in culture and acted as a vascular permeability factor. in this study, the underlying mechanisms of vvc-induced cytotoxicity was investigated on ecv304 cell, a human vascular endothelial cell line. when cells were exposed to 0.4 hemolytic units (hu) of vvc, consecutive apoptotic events were ... | 2001 | 11591724 |
| identification of a group 1-like capsular polysaccharide operon for vibrio vulnificus. | virulence of vibrio vulnificus correlates with changes in colony morphology that are indicative of a reversible phase variation for expression of capsular polysaccharide (cps). encapsulated variants are virulent with opaque colonies, whereas phase variants with reduced cps expression are attenuated and are translucent. using tnphoa mutagenesis, we identified a v. vulnificus cps locus, which included an upstream ops element, a wza gene (wza(vv)), and several open reading frames with homology to c ... | 2001 | 11598064 |
| the c-terminal domain promotes the hemorrhagic damage caused by vibrio vulnificus metalloprotease. | vibrio vulnificus, an opportunistic human pathogen, produces a 45-kda zinc metalloprotease (v. vulnificus protease; vvp) as an important virulence determinant. vvp injected intradermally into the dorsal skin causes the hemorrhagic damage through specific degradation of type iv collage in the vascular basement membrane. the n-terminal 35-kda polypeptide (vvp-n), the catalytic domain, also evoked the hemorrhagic skin reaction within minutes. however, the hemorrhagic activity of vvp-n was one-third ... | 2001 | 11600151 |
| vibrio vulnificus as a health hazard for shrimp consumers. | over the last 30 years, a number of vibrio species found in the aquatic environment have been indicated as cause of disease in human beings. vibrio vulnificus is an emergent pathogen, an invasive and lethal marine bacterium related to wound infection and held accountable for gastroenteritis and primary septicemia. it occurs quite frequently in marine organisms, mainly in mollusks. this study aimed at isolating and identifying strains of v. vulnificus based upon the analysis of twenty samples of ... | 2001 | 11696848 |
| a fatal case of vibrio vulnificus presenting as septic arthritis. | vibrio vulnificus is an invasive gram-negative bacillus that may cause necrotizing cellulitis, bacteremia, and/or sepsis. although v vulnificus infection is uncommon, it is frequently fatal and is usually attributed to ingestion of raw shellfish or traumatic exposure to a marine environment; patients are also often found to have a hepatic disorder (cirrhosis, alcohol abuse, or hemochromatosis) or an immunocompromised health status, and most commonly present with septicemia or a wound infection. ... | 2001 | 11718594 |
| isolation and characterization of vibrio vulnificus inhabiting the marine environment of the southwestern area of taiwan. | vibrio vulnificus, a marine bacterium, is of concern in taiwan because it causes wound infections and sepsis with a high mortality rate every year. to examine for v. vulnificus, 13 samples of seawater or oysters were collected from nine sites in yunlin, chiayi, and tainan. seventy-seven strains of v. vulnificus were isolated from 11 samples. among these environmental isolates, 72 (91%) were indole-positive, a characteristic of biotype 1. the remaining five strains although indole-negative, a cha ... | 1995 | 11725076 |
| levels of vibrio vulnificus and organoleptic quality of raw shellstock oysters (crassostrea virginica) maintained at different storage temperatures. | temperature abuse during raw oyster harvesting and storage may allow for the multiplication of natural spoilage flora as well as microbial pathogens, thus posing a potential health threat to susceptible consumers and compromising product quality. the objective of this study was to provide a scientific basis for determining whether different refrigeration and abuse temperatures for raw oysters would result in a spoiled product before it became unsafe. raw shellstock oysters (crassostrea virginica ... | 2001 | 11726149 |
| growth and recovery of selected gram-negative bacteria in reconditioned wastewater. | previous reports indicate that escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella spp., and vibrio cholerae can grow in nutrient-limited, reconditioned wastewater over the temperature range of 4 to 46 degrees c when the biological oxygen demand of this water is <2, while its coliform growth response (cgr) is >2. in the current study, we investigated the growth response of vibrio parahaemolyticus, shigella spp., vibrio vulnificus, and pseudomonas aeruginosa in water samples with a cgr of >2 over the temperatur ... | 2001 | 11726156 |
| characterization of a vibrio vulnificus lysr homologue, hupr, which regulates expression of the haem uptake outer membrane protein, hupa. | in vibrio vulnificus, the ability to acquire iron from the host has been shown to correlate with virulence. here, we show that the dna upstream of hupa (haem uptake receptor) in v. vulnificus encodes a protein in the inverse orientation to hupa (named hupr). hupr shares homology with the lysr family of positive transcriptional activators. a hupa-lacz fusion contained on a plasmid was transformed into fur(-), fur(+)and hupr(-)strains of v. vulnificus. the beta-galactosidase assays and northern bl ... | 2001 | 11747377 |
| induction of nitric oxide synthase expression by vibrio vulnificus cytolysin. | the pore-forming cytolysin of vibrio vulnificus (vvc) causes severe hypotension and vasodilatation in vivo. under the condition of bacterial sepsis, large amounts of nitric oxide (no) produced by inducible no synthase (inos) can contribute to host-induced tissue damage causing hypotension and septic shock. in this study, we investigated the effect of purified vvc on no production in mouse peritoneal macrophages. vvc induced no production in the presence of interferon-gamma. increased no producti ... | 2002 | 11798187 |
| unusual portal of entry of vibrio vulnificus: evidence of its prolonged survival on the skin. | vibrio vulnificus biotype 3 is an emerging pathogen isolated from cultures of skin and blood samples obtained from patients who were directly injured by the fins of tilapia fish bred in artificial ponds. we describe a patient infected with this pathogen after being punctured by a wire. meticulous anamnestic investigation demonstrated for the first time that this pathogen can survive on the skin for at least 24 hours. | 2002 | 11807684 |
| vibrio vulnificus and vibrio parahaemolyticus in u.s. retail shell oysters: a national survey from june 1998 to july 1999. | from june 1998 to july 1999, 370 lots of oysters in the shell were sampled at 275 different establishments (71%, restaurants or oyster bars; 27%, retail seafood markets: and 2%, wholesale seafood markets) in coastal and inland markets throughout the united states. the oysters were harvested from the gulf (49%). pacific (14%), mid-atlantic (18%), and north atlantic (11%) coasts of the united states and from canada (8%). densities of vibrio vulnificus and vibrio parahaemolyticus were determined us ... | 2002 | 11808810 |
| vibrio vulnificus: a physiological and genetic approach to the viable but nonculturable response. | in this review, we focus on studies of the viable but nonculturable response (vbnc) of vibrio vulnificus, a significant and aggressive human pathogen, as a model system for the general understanding of the vbnc response. this response is characterized physiologically as the inability to culture an organism on media that normally supports its growth, and yet those cells retain indicators of metabolic activity. implicit in this definition is that it may be possible to return or resuscitate vbnc ce ... | 2000 | 11810549 |
| isolation and preliminary characterization of bacteriocins produced by vibrio vulnificus. | the aim of this work was to isolate bacteriocins from the environment that would be effective in neutralizing vibrio vulnificus in seafood. | 2002 | 11849361 |
| [an autopsied case of septicemia due to vibrio vulnificus]. | a 63-year-old male with liver cirrhosis due to type-c hepatitis virus was admitted on june 14, 1999 to our hospital with complaints of dyspnea, and blisters, swelling and purpuras on his legs. he had consumed raw fish one or two days before. he was already in a state of shock with sepsis and disseminated intravascular coagulation shortly after the admission. although treatment with mepm and mino for sepsis, and daltepalin sodium, antithrombin iii and gabexate mesilate for disseminated intravascu ... | 2002 | 11852476 |
| vibrio vulnificus sepsis. | | 2000 | 11878490 |
| a fish hook and liver disease: revisiting an old enemy. | vibrio vulnificus is an uncommon but potentially devastating pathogen. early recognition with prompt antimicrobial therapy and surgical treatment are key factors for a favorable outcome. patients with diseases of the liver represent the group at highest risk of infection. however, clinicians are often unaware of underlying liver disease in these patients at the time of presentation. we present a case of fulminant v. vulnificus infection in a patient with previously undiagnosed liver disease. | 2002 | 11892879 |
| upper extremity infections following common carp fish (cyprinus carpio) handling. | upper extremity infection caused by aquatic pathogens on fish is a well recognized clinical entity. we report five consecutive cases of upper extremity infections, ranging from a simple localized reaction to a life-threatening systemic illness, which developed after handling common carp fish (cyprinus carpio). in four cases, infection occurred following a penetrating injury by either the bones or the fin spines of the fish. vibrio vulnificus was isolated from wound aspirates in four cases. early ... | 2002 | 11895351 |
| skin microflora and bacterial infections of the skin. | the skin is a milieu for controlled bacterial growth. skin supports the growth of commensal bacteria, which protect the host from pathogenic bacteria. environmental and local factors, host immunity, and organism adherence and virulence are intricately related to cutaneous infection. resident gram-positive bacteria include staphylococcus, micrococcus, and corynebacterium sp. staphylococcus aureus and streptococcus pyogenes are notoriously pathogenic in the skin. in order for bacteria to be pathog ... | 2001 | 11924823 |
| specificity of a heme-assimilating system of vibrio vulnificus to synthetic heme compounds. | vibrio vulnificus strain l-180, a clinical isolate, can obtain iron from a synthetic heme, iron-tetra(4-sulfonatophenyl)porphyrin (fe-tpps), as well as from a natural heme, protoheme. this assimilation of iron bound to tpps was demonstrated to be a common property of v. vulnificus by testing a total of 27 strains isolated from both clinical and environmental sources. strain l-180 could also utilize fe-tcpp, but not fe-tmpyp, as a sole iron source. tpps or its complex with a metal ion reduced bac ... | 2002 | 11934497 |
| vibrio vulnificus septicaemia. | vibrio vulnificus is an opportunistic pathogen capable of causing a fulminant septicaemia in susceptible patients. underlying chronic diseases such as liver impairment and immunosuppression are important factors contributing to the severity of the infection and outcome. early suspicion and diagnosis with appropriate antibiotic therapy is important as delay can adversely affect outcome. for those who develop tissue necrotizing fasciitis, early surgical debridement is recommended to allow better p ... | 2002 | 11939447 |
| vibrio vulnificus and the high risk. patient: a potentially fatal disease. | | 2002 | 11942106 |
| identification of the cadba operon from vibrio vulnificus and its influence on survival to acid stress. | by a transposon-tagging method, cadba genes encoding a lysine/cadaverin antiporter and a lysine decarboxylase were identified and cloned from vibrio vulnificus. the deduced amino acid sequences of cadba were 64-97% similar to those reported from other enterobacteriaceae. functions of cadba genes on acid tolerance were assessed by comparing acid tolerances of v. vulnificus and its isogenic mutants, whose cadba genes were separately inactivated by allelic exchanges. the results demonstrated that g ... | 2002 | 11959444 |
| vibrio vulnificus necrotising fasciitis and septicaemia. | | 2002 | 11999222 |
| vibrio vulnificus septicemia and leg ulcer. | vibrio vulnificus is a gram-negative bacteria that can cause septicemia, wound infection, or a self-limiting diarrhea. this infection typically presents as an extremely virulent infection in patients with underlying liver disease 1 to 2 days after exposure. we report a case of v vulnificus septicemia, cellulitis, and leg ulceration in a patient who had symptoms develop after exposure to brackish water (19 days before admission) or after ingestion of raw oysters (10 days before admission). the lo ... | 2002 | 12004295 |
| cytotoxic mechanism of vibrio vulnificus cytolysin in cpae cells. | vibrio vulnificus is an estuarian bacterium that causes septicemia and serious wound infection. the cytolysin, one of the important virulence determinants in v. vulnificus infection, has been reported to have lethal activity primarily by increasing pulmonary vascular permeability. in the present study, we investigated the cytotoxic mechanism of v. vulnificus cytolysin in cultured pulmonary artery endothelial (cpae) cells, which are possible target cells of cytolysin in vivo. v. vulnificus cytoly ... | 2002 | 12005177 |
| clearing mechanisms of vibrio vulnificus biotype i in the black tiger shrimp penaeus monodon. | vibrio species' infections are a common sequelae to environmental stress or other disease processes in shrimp, but the mechanism by which the shrimp eliminate the bacteria is poorly understood. in this study, the penetration, fate and the clearing of v. vulnificus were investigated in penaeus monodon. a bacterial disease isolate from a shrimp farm was identified as v. vulnificus biotype i. polyclonal antiserum was raised in rabbits against the bacterium and the specificity was verified by elisa ... | 2002 | 12005240 |
| an investigation into the changed physiological state of vibrio bacteria as a survival mechanism in response to cold temperatures and studies on their sensitivity to heating and freezing. | to induce pathogenic vibrio bacteria into a changed physiological state, in response to cold temperatures in sea water, and assess their sensitivity to heating and freezing, as compared with normal cells. | 2002 | 12010547 |
| occurrence of pathogenic vibrios in coastal areas of france. | this study was carried out to investigate the occurrence of potentially pathogenic species of vibrio in french marine and estuarine environments. | 2002 | 12010553 |
| proinflammatory cytokine profile in vibrio vulnificus septicemic patients' sera. | vibrio vulnificus causes a fulminant and frequently fatal septicemia in susceptible hosts. the present study was designed to evaluate the proinflammatory cytokine profile in v. vulnificus septicemia patients' sera and the effect of doxycycline therapy on the levels of proinflammatory cytokines. levels of proinflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor (tnf)-alpha, interleukin (il)-1beta and il-6, were measured in the sera of v. vulnificus septicemic patients and normal healthy volunteers using ... | 2002 | 12052568 |
| [a successful treatment of vibrio vulnificus infection]. | a 65-year-old male patient with a history of alcoholism visited our outpatient clinic complaining of nausea and diarrhea followed by dizziness. erythema and swelling with partial exfoliation on the right forearm to hand and right thigh were noticed. vibrio vulnificus was isolated from the purulent discharge of the skin. due to urgent and intensive treatment of bacterial shock and antimicrobial drugs, the patient fully recovered three months later. we believe that the patient survived from this f ... | 2002 | 12073576 |
| induction of an outer membrane protein of 78 kda in vibrio vulnificus cultured in the presence of desferrioxamine b under iron-limiting conditions. | although vibrio vulnificus is known to be able to utilize ferrioxamine b as an iron source, its outer membrane receptor remains to be determined. in this study, we found that v. vulnificus expressed a new outer membrane protein of 78 kda when grown in the presence of desferrioxamine b under iron-limiting conditions. the desferrioxamine b-dependent iron uptake was only observed in bacterial cells expressing this protein. furthermore, non-denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis followed by a ... | 2002 | 12076789 |
| a rapid and improved method for the detection of vibrio parahaemolyticus and vibrio vulnificus strains grown on hydrophobic grid membrane filters. | dna probe-based detection methods were developed and characterized as an alternative to time-consuming and less specific conventional protocols. digoxigenin-labeled probes were prepared by polymerase chain reaction amplification of the targeted sequences in the specific amplicons generated from genomic dna. specific probes with high yields were generated for the detection of the tlh gene of vibrio parahaemolyticus and the cth gene of v. vulnificus. colony (southern) hybridization analyses were c ... | 2002 | 12092721 |
| resistance of cold- and starvation-stressed vibrio vulnificus to heat and freeze-thaw exposure. | the effects of cold storage and starvation on the subsequent heat resistance and freeze-thaw resistance of vibrio vulnificus were studied. three strains of v. vulnificus were evaluated. cold stress had no effect on freeze-thaw resistance (p > 0.05). starvation enhanced freeze-thaw resistance for one strain compared to controls (p < 0.05). v. vulnificus was not heat resistant; control populations were inactivated within 12 min at 47 degrees c. starvation increased heat tolerance for one strain, b ... | 2002 | 12092731 |
| litr, a new transcriptional activator in vibrio fischeri, regulates luminescence and symbiotic light organ colonization. | vibrio fischeri is the bacterial symbiont within the light-emitting organ of the sepiolid squid euprymna scolopes. upon colonizing juvenile squids, bacterial symbionts grow on host-supplied nutrients, while providing a bioluminescence that the host uses during its nocturnal activities. mutant bacterial strains that are unable to emit light have been shown to be defective in normal colonization. a 606 bp open reading frame was cloned from v. fischeri that encoded a protein, which we named litr, t ... | 2002 | 12100554 |
| vibrio vulnificus infection in patients with liver disease: report of five autopsy cases. | five autopsy cases of vibrio vulnificus infection with liver disease are reported. all five patients ate raw seafood 24 h before the onset of illness. the clinical presentation was of primary septicemia, with positive cultures in both the blood and cutaneous lesions. stool cultures were positive for the organism in one patient with gastrointestinal symptoms. autopsy examination revealed liver cirrhosis in three cases and alcoholic liver disease in two; all showed portal hypertension. gastrointes ... | 2002 | 12111206 |
| the inherent characteristics and dna polymorphism of vibrio cholerae and other vibrios. | to investigate the inherent characteristics of vibrio cholerae (v. cholerae) and other vibrios and their relationship. | 2002 | 12133305 |
| wound infection due to vibrio vulnificus in spain. | vibrio vulnificus is a gram-negative rod that can cause septicaemia and skin lesions, usually in patients with underlying illnesses such as chronic liver disease or diabetes mellitus. infections caused by this bacterium are unusual in spain. a case of skin infection due to vibrio vulnificus is reported in a patient whose abraded skin on his left leg came into contact with seawater. the patient died suddenly, probably due to septicaemia or bacteraemia caused by this organism. vibrio vulnificus in ... | 2002 | 12172745 |
| vibrio vulnificus infections can be avoided. | | 2002 | 12183871 |
| fulminant wound infections due to vibrio vulnificus. | | 2002 | 12183878 |
| [basic studies on vibrio vulnificus infection: isolation of v. vulnificus from sea water, sea mud, and oysters]. | to clarify the environmental distribution of vibrio vulnificus, sea water, sea mud, and oysters were examined at 13 sites, i.e. 4 sites in the tokyo bay (eastern japan) and 9 sites (5 sites for oysters) in tokushima prefecture (western japan). 1. v. vulnificus was isolated from 80 (54.8%) of the 146 samples of sea water examined. it was isolated from 19 (41.3%) of the 46 samples from western japan and 61 (61.0%) of the 100 samples from eastern japan. 2. it was isolated from 40 (40.8%) of the 98 ... | 2002 | 12212318 |
| cholesterol induce oligomerization of vibrio vulnificus cytolysin specifically. | vibrio vulnificus cytolysin (vvc) has been implicated as one of the important virulence determinants of v. vulnificus that causes serious septicemia and wound infection. an attempt was made to investigate that vvc could act as a ligand which stimulates intracellular signaling systems. cholesterol dose-dependently blocked vvc hemolytic activity through oli-gomerization of cytolysin. among cholesterol derivatives including 7-dehydrocholesterol, cholesteryl esters, deoxycholate, and cholestane test ... | 2002 | 12216116 |
| [vibrio vulnificus: an infrequent cause of septic shock]. | vibrio vulnificus is a lactose positive gram negative rod that lives in warm seas and can infect wounds and produce sepsis. its infection is acquired after eating oysters or other filtering marine organisms. we report a 53 years old diabetic male who started with fever after a voyage to central america. he was admitted febrile, hypotense, dehydrated and polypneic. painful erythematous lesions and lumps were observed in his upper and lower limbs. after 72 hours of evolution, the lesions became vi ... | 2002 | 12235904 |
| an aeromonas salmonicida type iv pilin is required for virulence in rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss. | aeromonas salmonicida expresses a large number of proven and suspected virulence factors including bacterial surface proteins, extracellular degradative enzymes, and toxins. we report the isolation and characterization of a 4-gene cluster, tapabcd, from virulent a. salmonicida a450 that encodes proteins homologous to components required for type iv pilus biogenesis. one gene, tapa, encodes a protein with high homology to type iv pilus subunit proteins from many gram-negative bacterial pathogens, ... | 2002 | 12240967 |
| necrotising fasciitis caused by vibrio vulnificus in a child without known risk factors. | | 2002 | 12269260 |
| infectious outbreaks associated with bivalve shellfish consumption: a worldwide perspective. | outbreaks of shellfish-associated infection have been reported for more than a century. since the early 1970s, the global consumption of shellfish has increased considerably--and with it, the reports of outbreaks of infection. most of these reports have originated from the united states, but europe and, to a lesser extent, asia and australia have also been represented. the majority of outbreaks have been linked to oysters, followed by clams and mussels. hepatitis a virus caused the largest ever ... | 2002 | 12355378 |
| promoter analysis and regulatory characteristics of vvhba encoding cytolytic hemolysin of vibrio vulnificus. | cytolytic hemolysin, a gene product of vvha, is a putative virulence factor of the pathogenic bacterium vibrio vulnificus. we have previously shown that hemolysin production is repressed by adding glucose to culture media and that production can be restored by adding camp. in this study, hemolysin activity and the level of vvh transcript were determined to reach a maximum in late exponential phase and were repressed when cells entered stationary phase. northern blot and primer extension analyses ... | 2002 | 12356775 |
| phage therapy of local and systemic disease caused by vibrio vulnificus in iron-dextran-treated mice. | vibrio vulnificus is a gram-negative bacterium that contaminates filter-feeding shellfish such as oysters. after ingestion of contaminated oysters, predisposed people may experience highly lethal septicemia. contamination of wounds with the bacteria can result in devastating necrotizing fasciitis, which can progress to septicemia. the extremely rapid progression of these diseases can render antibiotic treatment ineffective, and death is a frequent outcome. in this study, we examined the potentia ... | 2002 | 12379704 |
| in vitro and in vivo activities of newer fluoroquinolones against vibrio vulnificus. | the mics of six fluoroquinolones as well as minocycline and cefotaxime for 46 clinical isolates of vibrio vulnificus were determined by the agar dilution method. all the drugs tested had good activities against all isolates, with the mics at which 90% of the isolates tested were inhibited (mic(90)s) by five of the fluoroquinolones ranging between 0.03 and 0.06 micro g/ml. the mic(90) of lomefloxacin, on the other hand, was 0.12 micro g/ml. time-kill studies were conducted with these agents and a ... | 2002 | 12384368 |
| seasonality of chesapeake bay bacterioplankton species. | bacteria, gamma-subclass of proteobacteria, vibrio-photobacterium, vibrio vulnificus, vibrio cholerae-vibrio mimicus, and vibrio cincinnatiensis in water samples collected from the choptank river in chesapeake bay from 15 april to 16 december 1996 were enumerated using a fluorescent oligonucleotide direct-counting (fodc) procedure. fodc results obtained using a bacteria taxon-specific probe ranged from one-third the number of to the same number as that obtained by the acridine orange direct coun ... | 2002 | 12406742 |
| bacteria of the gamma-subclass proteobacteria associated with zooplankton in chesapeake bay. | the seasonal abundance of gamma-subclass proteobacteria, vibrio-photobacterium, vibrio cholerae-vibrio mimicus, vibrio cincinnatiensis, and vibrio vulnificus in the choptank river of chesapeake bay associated with zooplankton was monitored from april to december 1996. large (>202- microm) and small (64- to 202- microm) size classes of zooplankton were collected, and the bacteria associated with each of the zooplankton size classes were enumerated by fluorescent oligonucleotide direct count. larg ... | 2002 | 12406743 |
| detection of cytotoxin-hemolysin mrna in nonculturable populations of environmental and clinical vibrio vulnificus strains in artificial seawater. | the objective of this study was to develop a molecular detection method that better estimates the potential risk associated with the presence of vibrio vulnificus. for that purpose, we applied seminested reverse transcription-pcr (rt-pcr) to viable but nonculturable (vbnc) populations of v. vulnificus and targeted the cytotoxin-hemolysin virulence gene vvha. three strains, two environmental, if vv10 and if vv18, and one clinical, c7184, were used in this study. artificial seawater, inoculated wi ... | 2002 | 12406760 |
| vibrio vulnificus induces macrophage apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. | in this study, we compared the apoptotic activities of clinical and environmental isolates of vibrio vulnificus toward macrophages in vitro and in vivo. the clinical isolates induced apoptosis in macrophage-like cells in vitro and in macrophages in vivo. this suggests that macrophage apoptosis may be important for the clinical virulence of v. vulnificus. | 2003 | 12496206 |
| cellular fatty acid profiles of ninety-five strains of vibrio vulnificus isolated from clinical specimens in korea. | there have been many reports of primary vibrio vulnificus septicemia in korea since 1987. this study was undertaken to determine the cellular fatty acid (cfa) compositions of 95 clinical strains of v. vulnificus isolated in korea during 1985-1995. we compared these results with the cfa profile of v. vulnificus in the microbial identification system (mis) (clin library version 3.9; microbial id inc., newark, de, u.s.a.), and the grouping of v. vulnificus by cfa analysis was also performed. the re ... | 1997 | 12501302 |
| vibrio vulnificus cytolysin induces hyperadhesiveness of pulmonary endothelial cells for neutrophils through endothelial p-selectin: a mechanism for pulmonary damage by vibrio vulnificus cytolysin. | vibrio vulnificus cytolysin forms transmembrane pores that are permeable to calcium ions in pulmonary endothelial cells, and has been suggested as an important virulence factor that sequestrate neutrophils primarily in the lung. to elucidate the mechanism we investigated whether the cytolysin affect the expression of endothelial p-selectin and adhesiveness of pulmonary endothelial cells for neutrophils. the cytolysin increased the adhesiveness of cpae cell, a pulmonary endothelial cell line, for ... | 2002 | 12515397 |
| sequence polymorphism of the 16s rrna gene of vibrio vulnificus is a possible indicator of strain virulence. | vibrio vulnificus exhibits considerable strain-to-strain variation in virulence. attempts to associate phenotypic or genotypic characteristics with strain virulence have been largely unsuccessful. based on a 17-nucleotide difference throughout the sequence of the small subunit 16s rrna gene, there are two major groups of v. vulnificus designated types a and b. in a survey of the 16s rrna genotype in 67 v. vulnificus human clinical and nonclinical strains, we determined that the majority of noncl ... | 2003 | 12517889 |
| use of diacetyl to reduce the load of vibrio vulnificus in the eastern oyster, crassostrea virginica. | vibrio vulnificus is a highly virulent human pathogen that occurs naturally among the microflora of oysters. this organism has two portals of entry into humans, one of which is ingestion. oysters containing v. vulnificus consumed in a raw or undercooked state often serve as a vehicle for the transmission of this organism. previous studies conducted in our laboratory have examined various generally recognized as safe compounds and have determined that diacetyl, a component of butter, is among the ... | 2003 | 12540179 |
| [antibiotic resistance and plasmid profiles of vibrio isolates from cultured sparus sarba]. | a total of 51 potential pathogenic vibrios were isolated from moribund silver seabream sparus sarba, which were collected from local fish farms of hong kong. all the isolates were classified and identified as 7 species by the api 20 e system and the scheme of alsina & blanch. these species were vibrio alginolyticus (24 strains), vibrio vulnificus (12 strains), vibrio parahaemolyticus(7 strains), vibrio logei(4 strains), vibrio pelagius ii(2 strains), vibrio fluvialis (1 strains) and vibrio medit ... | 1999 | 12555529 |
| identification of genetic loci required for capsular expression in vibrio vulnificus. | transposon mutagenesis of an encapsulated, virulent strain of vibrio vulnificus 1003(o) led to the identification of four genetic regions that are essential to capsular polysaccharide (cps) expression and virulence. of the four regions, three are believed to be part of a capsule gene locus comprised of biosynthesis, polymerization, and transport genes clustered on a single chromosomal fragment. genes indicating a wzy-dependent system of polymerization and transmembrane export are present, sugges ... | 2003 | 12595419 |
| characterization of microbial communities from coastal waters using microarrays. | molecular methods, including dna probes, were used to identify and enumerate pathogenic vibrio species in the chesapeake bay; our data indicated that vibrio vulnificus exhibits seasonal fluctuations in number. our work included a characterization of total microbial communities from the bay; development of microarrays that identify and quantify the diversity of those communities; and observation of temporal changes in those communities. to identify members of the microbial community, we amplified ... | 2003 | 12620025 |
| histamine-releasing reaction induced by the n-terminal domain of vibrio vulnificus metalloprotease. | a zinc metalloprotease secreted by vibrio vulnificus, an opportunistic human pathogen causing septicemia and wound infection, stimulates exocytotic histamine release from rat mast cells. this protease consists of two functional domains: the n-terminal domain that catalyzes proteolytic reaction and the c-terminal domain that promotes the association with a protein substrate or cell membrane. like the intact protease, the n-terminal domain alone also induced histamine release from rat peritoneal m ... | 2003 | 12628443 |
| isolation of mutants of vibrio anguillarum defective in haeme utilisation and cloning of huva, a gene coding for an outer membrane protein involved in the use of haeme as iron source. | the isolation of vibrio anguillarum mutants lacking the ability to use haemin and haemoglobin as the only iron sources, as well as the identification of a gene involved in haeme utilisation are described. one of the isolated mutants defective in haeme utilisation lacked an iron-regulated outer membrane protein of 79-kda. although growth on haeme as iron source was completely abolished, the haemin and haemoglobin binding activities remained intact in the mutant, suggesting that the absent protein ... | 2003 | 12647036 |
| detection of pathogenic bacteria in shellfish using multiplex pcr followed by covalink nh microwell plate sandwich hybridization. | outbreak of diseases associated with consumption of raw shellfish especially oysters is a major concern to the seafood industry and public health agencies. a multiplex pcr amplification of targeted gene segments followed by dna-dna sandwich hybridization was optimized to detect the etiologic agents. first, a multiplex pcr amplification of hns, spvb, vvh, ctx and tl was developed enabling simultaneous detection of total salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium, vibrio vulnificus, vibrio cholerae ... | 2003 | 12654491 |
| [a life saving case of vibrio vulnificus (septic type)]. | after eating raw shellfish, 62-year-old man suffered from watery diarrhea and leg pain. the disease developed to septicemia and necrotizing fasciitis of bilateral lower extremities. vibrio vulnificus was isolated from wound. he was treated with antibiotics, surgical debridement and hyperbaric oxygen therapy, and consequently was saved. effect of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on v. vulnificus infection was discussed. | 2003 | 12708010 |
| [a case of septicemia type vibrio vulnificus infection with necrotizing fasciitis rescued by lower extremity amputation]. | we report a case of septicemia type vibrio vulnificus infection. the patient was a 74-year-old man who had liver cirrhosis and hepatocelluler carcinoma. he felt a pain in the right femoral lesion after eating raw shellfish (japanese "umitake") two days ago. he was admitted to our emergency center due to his shock status and thrombocytopenia two days after the onset. we diagnosed necrotizing fasciitis due to vibrio vulnificus infection, his life was saved by emergency amputation of the right lowe ... | 2003 | 12708011 |
| flagellar basal body flg operon as a virulence determinant of vibrio vulnificus. | vibrio vulnificus, a halophilic estuarine bacterium causing a rapidly progressing fatal septicemia, is highly cytotoxic to eukaryotic cells. to identify new virulence factors associated with cytotoxicity, we constructed a mariner-based transposon (tn himar1) library of the highly virulent clinical isolate mo6-24/o having a double mutation in the hemolysin and protease genes. the himar1 mutant library was extensively screened for the mutants showing decreased cytotoxicity to hela cells. we select ... | 2003 | 12711330 |
| [vibrios (vibrio cholerae, v. parahaemolyticus, v. vulnificus)]. | | 2003 | 12718054 |
| [noncholera vibrio infections (v. parahaemolyticus, v. vulnificus and others)]. | | 2003 | 12718068 |
| molecular characterisation and antimicrobial resistance of vibrio vulnificus and vibrio alginolyticus isolated from mussels (mytilus galloprovincialis). | twelve vibrio vulnificus biotype 1 and 11 vibrio alginolyticus isolated from mussels in italy were analysed by antimicrobial resistance, plasmid profiles, random amplification of polymorphic dna (rapd), and single enzyme amplified fragment length polymorphism (saflp). plasmid dna was detected in three v. vulnificus and four v. alginolyticus cultures. all isolates were resistant to at least two antimicrobial agents: all isolates were resistant to ampicillin, carbenicillin and streptomycin, except ... | 2003 | 12747419 |