| identification of coli surface antigen 23, a novel adhesin of enterotoxigenic escherichia coli. | enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec) is an important cause of diarrhea, mainly in developing countries. although there are 25 different etec adhesins described in strains affecting humans, between 15% and 50% of the clinical isolates from different geographical regions are negative for these adhesins, suggesting that additional unidentified adhesion determinants might be present. here, we report the discovery of coli surface antigen 23 (cs23), a novel adhesin expressed by an etec serogroup o4 ... | 2012 | 22645287 |
| complete genome sequence of phytopathogenic pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum bacteriophage pp1. | pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum is a phytopathogen causing soft rot disease on diverse plant species. to control this plant pathogen, p. carotovorum subsp. carotovorum-targeting bacteriophage pp1 was isolated and its genome was completely sequenced to develop a novel biocontrol agent. interestingly, the 44,400-bp genome sequence does not encode any gene involved in the formation of lysogen, suggesting that this phage may be very useful as a biocontrol agent because it does not make ... | 2012 | 22843859 |
| defence signalling triggered by flg22 and harpin is integrated into a different stilbene output in vitis cells. | plants can activate defence to pathogen attack by two layers of innate immunity: basal immunity triggered by pathogen-associated molecular pattern (pamp) triggered immunity (pti) and effector-triggered immunity (eti) linked with programmed cell death. flg22 and harpin are evolutionary distinct bacterial pamps. we have previously shown that harpin triggers hypersensitive cell death mimicking eti in vitis rupestris, but not in the vitis vinifera cultivar 'pinot noir'. in contrast, the bacterial pa ... | 2012 | 22792328 |
| genetic transformation with the gfp gene of colletotrichum gloeosporioides isolates from coffee with blister spot. | blister spot (colletotrichum gloeosporioides) is now widespread in most coffee producing states of brazil, becoming a limiting factor for production. the lack of data relating to the reproduction of typical symptoms (light green, oily patches) leaves a gap within the pathosystem, forcing the search for new methodologies for monitoring the disease. monitoring of genetically modified organisms has proven to be an effective tool in understanding the host × pathogen interactions. thus, the present s ... | 2012 | 24031947 |
| a cationic lumen in the wzx flippase mediates anionic o-antigen subunit translocation in pseudomonas aeruginosa pao1. | heteropolymeric b-band o-antigen (o-ag) biosynthesis in pseudomonas aeruginosa pao1 follows the wzy-dependent pathway, beginning with translocation of undecaprenyl pyrophosphate-linked anionic o-ag subunits (o units) from the inner to the outer leaflets of the inner membrane (im). this translocation is mediated by the integral im flippase wzx. through experimentally based and unbiased topological mapping, our group previously observed that wzx possesses many charged and aromatic amino acid resid ... | 2012 | 22554073 |
| bacterial transposons are co-transferred with t-dna to rice chromosomes during agrobacterium-mediated transformation. | agrobacterium tumefaciens is widely utilized for delivering a foreign gene into a plant's genome. we found the bacterial transposon tn5393 in transgenic rice plants. analysis of the flanking sequences of the transferred-dna (t-dna) identified that a portion of the tn5393 sequence was present immediately next to the end of the t-dna. because this transposon was present in a. tumefaciens strain lba4404, but not in eha105 and gv3101, our findings indicated that tn5393 was transferred from lba4404 i ... | 2012 | 22570148 |
| diversity analysis of streptomycetes and associated phosphotranspherase genes in soil. | an attempt was made to verify the observation that streptomyces griseus was prevalent in soil based on isolation work. a genus-specific pcr was developed for streptomyces based on the housekeeping gene atpd and used to investigate species diversity within selected soils. the presence of s. griseus was investigated to determine coexistence of resistance-only streptomycin phosphotransferase (stra) in the same soil as streptomycin producers. two additional pcr-based assays were developed; one speci ... | 2012 | 22540003 |
| phytoalexins of the pyrinae: biphenyls and dibenzofurans. | biphenyls and dibenzofurans are the phytoalexins of the pyrinae, a subtribe of the plant family rosaceae. the pyrinae correspond to the long-recognized maloideae. economically valuable species of the pyrinae are apples and pears. biphenyls and dibenzofurans are formed de novo in response to infection by bacterial and fungal pathogens. the inducible defense compounds were also produced in cell suspension cultures after treatment with biotic and abiotic elicitors. the antimicrobial activity of the ... | 2012 | 22563359 |
| the resveratrol tetramer (-)-hopeaphenol inhibits type iii secretion in the gram-negative pathogens yersinia pseudotuberculosis and pseudomonas aeruginosa. | society faces huge challenges, as a large number of bacteria have developed resistance towards many or all of the antibiotics currently available. novel strategies that can help solve this problem are urgently needed. one such strategy is to target bacterial virulence, the ability to cause disease e.g., by inhibition of type iii secretion systems (t3sss) utilized by many clinically relevant gram-negative pathogens. many of the antibiotics used today originate from natural sources. in contrast, m ... | 2013 | 24324737 |
| differential expression of cpks and cytosolic ca2+ variation in resistant and susceptible apple cultivars (malus x domestica) in response to the pathogen erwinia amylovora and mechanical wounding. | plant calcium (ca2+) signals are involved in a wide array of intracellular signalling pathways following pathogen invasion. ca2+-binding sensory proteins such as ca2+-dependent protein kinases (cpks) have been predicted to mediate signalling following ca2+ influx after pathogen infection. however, to date this prediction has remained elusive. | 2013 | 24192013 |
| streptomycin application has no detectable effect on bacterial community structure in apple orchard soil. | streptomycin is commonly used to control fire blight disease on apple trees. although the practice has incited controversy, little is known about its nontarget effects in the environment. we investigated the impact of aerial application of streptomycin on nontarget bacterial communities in soil beneath streptomycin-treated and untreated trees in a commercial apple orchard. soil samples were collected in two consecutive years at 4 or 10 days before spraying streptomycin and 8 or 9 days after the ... | 2013 | 23974143 |
| the complete genome sequence of ec1-upm, a novel n4-like bacteriophage that infects escherichia coli o78:k80. | bacteriophage ec1-upm is an n4-like bacteriophage which specifically infects escherichia coli o78:k80, an avian pathogenic strain that causes colibacillosis in poultry. the complete genome sequence of bacteriophage ec1-upm was analysed and compared with other closely related n4-like phage groups to assess their genetic similarities and differences. | 2013 | 24134834 |
| identification of pyrus single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) and evaluation for genetic mapping in european pear and interspecific pyrus hybrids. | we have used new generation sequencing (ngs) technologies to identify single nucleotide polymorphism (snp) markers from three european pear (pyrus communis l.) cultivars and subsequently developed a subset of 1096 pear snps into high throughput markers by combining them with the set of 7692 apple snps on the irsc apple infinium® ii 8k array. we then evaluated this apple and pear infinium® ii 9k snp array for large-scale genotyping in pear across several species, using both pear and apple snps. t ... | 2013 | 24155917 |
| reversible acetylation regulates acetate and propionate metabolism in mycobacterium smegmatis. | carbon metabolic pathways are important to the pathogenesis of mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of tuberculosis. however, extremely little is known about metabolic regulation in mycobacteria. there is growing evidence for lysine acetylation being a mechanism of regulating bacterial metabolism. lysine acetylation is a post-translational modification in which an acetyl group is covalently attached to the side chain of a lysine residue. this modification is mediated by acetyltransfer ... | 2013 | 23813678 |
| acetylation of the response regulator rcsb controls transcription from a small rna promoter. | nε-lysine acetylation was recently discovered on many bacterial proteins that function in diverse cellular processes. thus, many questions remain unanswered. for example, what mechanisms regulate lysine acetylation? does acetylation affect physiology? to help answer these questions, we studied the escherichia coli response regulator and transcription factor rcsb, which is reported to be acetylated in vitro. to characterize rcsb acetylation, we monitored transcription from the rpra promoter, whic ... | 2013 | 23852870 |
| antibiotic resistance in salmonella typhimurium associates with crispr sequence type. | salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar typhimurium is a leading cause of foodborne salmonellosis in the united states. the number of antibiotic resistant isolates identified in humans is steadily increasing, suggesting that the spread of antibiotic resistant strains is a major threat to public health. s. typhimurium is commonly identified in a wide range of animal hosts, food sources, and environments, but little is known about the factors mediating the spread of antibiotic resistance i ... | 2013 | 23796925 |
| do honeybees shape the bacterial community composition in floral nectar? | floral nectar is considered the most important reward animal-pollinated plants offer to attract pollinators. here we explore whether honeybees, which act as pollinators, affect the composition of bacterial communities in the nectar. nectar and honeybees were sampled from two plant species: amygdalus communis and citrus paradisi. to prevent the contact of nectar with pollinators, c. paradisi flowers were covered with net bags before blooming (covered flowers). comparative analysis of bacterial co ... | 2013 | 23844027 |
| baseline survey of the anatomical microbial ecology of an important food plant: solanum lycopersicum (tomato). | research to understand and control microbiological risks associated with the consumption of fresh fruits and vegetables has examined many environments in the farm to fork continuum. an important data gap however, that remains poorly studied is the baseline description of microflora that may be associated with plant anatomy either endemically or in response to environmental pressures. specific anatomical niches of plants may contribute to persistence of human pathogens in agricultural environment ... | 2013 | 23705801 |
| cloning, expression, purification, crystallization and preliminary x-ray analysis of ealsc, a levansucrase from erwinia amylovora. | the gram-negative bacterium erwinia amylovora is a destructive pathogen of rosaceae. during infection, e. amylovora produces the exopolysaccharide levan, which contributes to the occlusion of plant vessels, causing the wilting of shoots. levan is a fructose polymer that is synthesized by multifunctional enzymes called levansucrases. the levansucrase from e. amylovora (ealsc) was heterologously expressed as a gst-fusion protein in escherichia coli, purified and crystallized after tag removal. the ... | 2013 | 23695580 |
| roles of the gac-rsm pathway in the regulation of phenazine biosynthesis in pseudomonas chlororaphis 30-84. | the gacs/gaca two-component regulatory system activates the production of secondary metabolites including phenazines crucial for biological control activity in pseudomonas chlororaphis 30-84. to better understand the role of the gac system on phenazine regulation, transcriptomic analyses were conducted by comparing the wild-type strain to a gaca mutant. rna-seq analysis identified 771 genes under gaca control, including many novel genes. consistent with previous findings, phenazine biosynthetic ... | 2013 | 23606419 |
| shotgun analysis of the secretome of fusarium graminearum. | fusarium head blight, caused predominately by fusarium graminearum, is one of the most destructive diseases of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) worldwide. to characterize the profile of proteins secreted by f. graminearum, the extracellular proteins were collectively obtained from f. graminearum culture supernatants and evaluated using one-dimensional sds-page and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. a total of 87 proteins have been identified, of which 63 were predicted as secretory prot ... | 2013 | 24426143 |
| unexpected diversity during community succession in the apple flower microbiome. | despite its importance to the host, the flower microbiome is poorly understood. we report a culture-independent, community-level assessment of apple flower microbial diversity and dynamics. we collected flowers from six apple trees at five time points, starting before flowers opened and ending at petal fall. we applied streptomycin to half of the trees when flowers opened. assessment of microbial diversity using tag pyrosequencing of 16s rrna genes revealed that the apple flower communities were ... | 2013 | 23443006 |
| does changing the predicted dynamics of a phospholipase c alter activity and membrane binding? | the enzymatic activity of secreted phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase c (pi-plc) enzymes is associated with bacterial virulence. although the pi-plc active site has no obvious lid, molecular-dynamics simulations suggest that correlated loop motions may limit access to the active site, and two pro residues, pro(245) and pro(254), are associated with these correlated motions. whereas the region containing both pro residues is quite variable among pi-plcs, it shows high conservation in vir ... | 2013 | 23332071 |
| ingress of salmonella enterica typhimurium into tomato leaves through hydathodes. | internal contamination of salmonella in plants is attracting increasing attention for food safety reasons. in this study, three different tomato cultivars "florida lanai", "crown jewel", "ailsa craig" and the transgenic line sp5 of "ailsa craig" were inoculated with 1 µl gfp-labeled salmonella typhimurium through guttation droplets at concentrations of 10(9) or 10(7) cfu/ml. survival of salmonella on/in tomato leaves was detected by both direct plating and enrichment methods. salmonella cells su ... | 2013 | 23320087 |
| comparative genomics of incl/m-type plasmids: evolution by acquisition of resistance genes and insertion sequences. | | 2013 | 23114767 |
| bacilysin from bacillus amyloliquefaciens fzb42 has specific bactericidal activity against harmful algal bloom species. | harmful algal blooms, caused by massive and exceptional overgrowth of microalgae and cyanobacteria, are a serious environmental problem worldwide : in the present study, we looked for bacillus strains with sufficiently strong anticyanobacterial activity to be used as biocontrol agents. among 24 strains, bacillus amyloliquefaciens fzb42 showed the strongest bactericidal activity against microcystis aeruginosa, with a kill rate of 98.78%. the synthesis of the anticyanobacterial substance did not d ... | 2014 | 25261512 |
| cloning, purification, crystallization and 1.57 å resolution x-ray data analysis of amsi, the tyrosine phosphatase controlling amylovoran biosynthesis in the plant pathogen erwinia amylovora. | the gram-negative bacterium erwinia amylovora is a destructive pathogen of plants belonging to the rosaceae family. amongst its pathogenicity factors, e. amylovora produces the exopolysaccharide amylovoran, which contributes to the occlusion of plant vessels, causing wilting of shoots and eventually resulting in plant death. amylovoran biosynthesis requires the presence of 12 genes (from amsa to amsl) clustered in the ams region of the e. amylovora genome. they mostly encode glycosyl transferase ... | 2014 | 25484228 |
| identification of virulence associated loci in the emerging broad host range plant pathogen pseudomonas fuscovaginae. | pseudomonas fuscovaginae (pfv) is an emerging plant pathogen of rice and also of other gramineae plants. it causes sheath brown rot disease in rice with symptoms that are characterized by brown lesions on the flag leaf sheath, grain discoloration and sterility. it was first isolated as a high altitude pathogen in japan and has since been reported in several countries throughout the world. pfv is a broad host range pathogen and very little is known about its virulence mechanisms. | 2014 | 25394860 |
| review of methods to probe single cell metabolism and bioenergetics. | single cell investigations have enabled unexpected discoveries, such as the existence of biological noise and phenotypic switching in infection, metabolism and treatment. herein, we review methods that enable such single cell investigations specific to metabolism and bioenergetics. firstly, we discuss how to isolate and immobilize individuals from a cell suspension, including both permanent and reversible approaches. we also highlight specific advances in microbiology for its implications in met ... | 2014 | 25448400 |
| review of methods to probe single cell metabolism and bioenergetics. | single cell investigations have enabled unexpected discoveries, such as the existence of biological noise and phenotypic switching in infection, metabolism and treatment. herein, we review methods that enable such single cell investigations specific to metabolism and bioenergetics. firstly, we discuss how to isolate and immobilize individuals from a cell suspension, including both permanent and reversible approaches. we also highlight specific advances in microbiology for its implications in met ... | 2014 | 25448400 |
| genomic characterisation of the effector complement of the potato cyst nematode globodera pallida. | the potato cyst nematode globodera pallida has biotrophic interactions with its host. the nematode induces a feeding structure - the syncytium - which it keeps alive for the duration of the life cycle and on which it depends for all nutrients required to develop to the adult stage. interactions of g. pallida with the host are mediated by effectors, which are produced in two sets of gland cells. these effectors suppress host defences, facilitate migration and induce the formation of the syncytium ... | 2014 | 25342461 |
| detection of the virulent form of avr3a from phytophthora infestans following artificial evolution of potato resistance gene r3a. | engineering resistance genes to gain effector recognition is emerging as an important step in attaining broad, durable resistance. we engineered potato resistance gene r3a to gain recognition of the virulent avr3aem effector form of phytophthora infestans. random mutagenesis, gene shuffling and site-directed mutagenesis of r3a were conducted to produce r3a* variants with gain of recognition towards avr3aem. programmed cell death following gain of recognition was enhanced in iterative rounds of a ... | 2014 | 25340613 |
| comparative genomics defines the core genome of the growing n4-like phage genus and identifies n4-like roseophage specific genes. | two bacteriophages, rpp1 and rlp1, infecting members of the marine roseobacter clade were isolated from seawater. their linear genomes are 74.7 and 74.6 kb and encode 91 and 92 coding dna sequences, respectively. around 30% of these are homologous to genes found in enterobacter phage n4. comparative genomics of these two new roseobacter phages and 23 other sequenced n4-like phages (three infecting members of the roseobacter lineage and 20 infecting other gammaproteobacteria) revealed that n4-lik ... | 2014 | 25346726 |
| transmission and retention of salmonella enterica by phytophagous hemipteran insects. | several pest insects of human and livestock habitations are known as vectors of salmonella enterica; however, the role of plant-feeding insects as vectors of s. enterica to agricultural crops remains unexamined. using a hemipteran insect pest-lettuce system, we investigated the potential for transmission and retention of s. enterica. specifically, macrosteles quadrilineatus and myzus persicae insects were fed s. enterica-inoculated lettuce leaf discs or artificial liquid diets confined in parafi ... | 2014 | 24973069 |
| arac/xyls family stress response regulators rob, soxs, plia, and opia in the fire blight pathogen erwinia amylovora. | transcriptional regulators of the arac/xyls family have been associated with multidrug resistance, organic solvent tolerance, oxidative stress, and virulence in clinically relevant enterobacteria. in the present study, we identified four homologous arac/xyls regulators, rob, soxs, plia, and opia, from the fire blight pathogen erwinia amylovora ea1189. previous studies have shown that the regulators mara, rob, and soxs from escherichia coli mediate multiple-antibiotic resistance, primarily by upr ... | 2014 | 24936054 |
| expression, purification, crystallization and preliminary x-ray analysis of glucose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase (galu) from erwinia amylovora. | glucose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase from erwinia amylovora cfpb1430 was expressed as a his-tag fusion protein in escherichia coli. after tag removal, the purified protein was crystallized from 100 mm tris ph 8.5, 2 m ammonium sulfate, 5% ethylene glycol. diffraction data sets were collected to a maximum resolution of 2.46 å using synchrotron radiation. the crystals belonged to the hexagonal space group p62, with unit-cell parameters a = 80.67, b = 80.67, c = 169.18. the structure was solved ... | 2014 | 25195902 |
| characterization and regulation of the resistance-nodulation-cell division-type multidrug efflux pumps mdtabc and mdtuvw from the fire blight pathogen erwinia amylovora. | the gram-negative bacterium erwinia amylovora is the causal agent of the devastating disease fire blight in rosaceous plants such as apple, pear, quince, raspberry, and cotoneaster. in order to survive and multiply in a host, microbes must be able to circumvent the toxic effects of antimicrobial plant compounds, such as flavonoids and tannins. e. amylovora uses multidrug efflux transporters that recognize and actively export toxic compounds out of the cells. here, two heterotrimeric resistance-n ... | 2014 | 25012600 |
| diversity of o-antigen repeat unit structures can account for the substantial sequence variation of wzx translocases. | the most common system for synthesis of cell surface polysaccharides is the wzx/wzy-dependent pathway, which involves synthesis, on the cytoplasmic face of the cell membrane, of repeat units, which are then translocated to the periplasmic face by a wzx translocase and then polymerized by wzy to generate the polysaccharide. one such polysaccharide is o antigen, which is incorporated into lipopolysaccharide (lps). the o antigen is extremely variable, with over 186 forms in escherichia coli. wzx pr ... | 2014 | 24532778 |
| mapping in an apple (malus x domestica) f1 segregating population based on physical clustering of differentially expressed genes. | apple tree breeding is slow and difficult due to long generation times, self-incompatibility, and complex genetics. the identification of molecular markers linked to traits of interest is a way to expedite the breeding process. in the present study, we aimed to identify genes whose steady-state transcript abundance was associated with inheritance of specific traits segregating in an apple (malus × domestica) rootstock f1 breeding population, including resistance to powdery mildew (podosphaera le ... | 2014 | 24708064 |
| whole-genome sequencing of erwinia amylovora strains from mexico detects single nucleotide polymorphisms in rpsl conferring streptomycin resistance and in the avrrpt2 effector altering host interactions. | we report draft genome sequences of three mexican erwinia amylovora strains. a novel plasmid, pea78, was identified. comparative genomics revealed an rpsl chromosomal mutation conferring high-level streptomycin resistance in two strains. in the effector gene avrrpt2, a single nucleotide polymorphism was detected that overcomes fire blight disease resistance in malus × robusta 5. | 2014 | 24459281 |
| deciphering early events involved in hyperosmotic stress-induced programmed cell death in tobacco by-2 cells. | hyperosmotic stresses represent one of the major constraints that adversely affect plants growth, development, and productivity. in this study, the focus was on early responses to hyperosmotic stress- (nacl and sorbitol) induced reactive oxygen species (ros) generation, cytosolic ca(2+) concentration ([ca(2+)]cyt) increase, ion fluxes, and mitochondrial potential variations, and on their links in pathways leading to programmed cell death (pcd). by using by-2 tobacco cells, it was shown that both ... | 2014 | 24420571 |
| characterization of a cfr-carrying plasmid from porcine escherichia coli that closely resembles plasmid pea3 from the plant pathogen erwinia amylovora. | the multiresistance gene cfr was found in two porcine escherichia coli isolates, one harboring it on the conjugative 33,885-bp plasmid pfsec-01, the other harboring it in the chromosomal dna. sequence analysis of pfsec-01 revealed that a 6,769-bp fragment containing the cfr gene bracketed by two is26 elements was inserted into a plasmid closely related to pea3 from the plant pathogen erwinia amylovora, suggesting that pfsec-01 may be transferred between different bacterial genera of both animal ... | 2015 | 26525796 |
| characterization of a cfr-carrying plasmid from porcine escherichia coli that closely resembles plasmid pea3 from the plant pathogen erwinia amylovora. | the multiresistance gene cfr was found in two porcine escherichia coli isolates, one harboring it on the conjugative 33,885-bp plasmid pfsec-01, the other harboring it in the chromosomal dna. sequence analysis of pfsec-01 revealed that a 6,769-bp fragment containing the cfr gene bracketed by two is26 elements was inserted into a plasmid closely related to pea3 from the plant pathogen erwinia amylovora, suggesting that pfsec-01 may be transferred between different bacterial genera of both animal ... | 2015 | 26525796 |
| interaction of the rcsb response regulator with auxiliary transcription regulators in escherichia coli. | the rcs phosphorelay is a two-component signal transduction system that is induced by cell envelope stress. rcsb, the response regulator of this signaling system, is a pleiotropic transcription regulator, which is involved in the control of various stress responses, cell division, motility, and biofilm formation. rcsb regulates transcription either as a homodimer or together with auxiliary regulators, such as rcsa, bglj, and gade in escherichia coli. in this study, we show that rcsb in addition ... | 2015 | 26635367 |
| interaction of the rcsb response regulator with auxiliary transcription regulators in escherichia coli. | the rcs phosphorelay is a two-component signal transduction system that is induced by cell envelope stress. rcsb, the response regulator of this signaling system, is a pleiotropic transcription regulator, which is involved in the control of various stress responses, cell division, motility, and biofilm formation. rcsb regulates transcription either as a homodimer or together with auxiliary regulators, such as rcsa, bglj, and gade in escherichia coli. in this study, we show that rcsb in addition ... | 2015 | 26635367 |
| development of the first cisgenic apple with increased resistance to fire blight. | the generation and selection of novel fire blight resistant apple genotypes would greatly improve the management of this devastating disease, caused by erwinia amylovora. such resistant genotypes are currently developed by conventional breeding, but novel breeding technologies including cisgenesis could be an alternative approach. a cisgenic apple line c44.4.146 was regenerated using the cisgene fb_mr5 from wild apple malus ×robusta 5 (mr5), and the previously established method involving a. tum ... | 2015 | 26624292 |
| role of the pre-neck appendage protein (dpo7) from phage vb_sepis-phiipla7 as an anti-biofilm agent in staphylococcal species. | staphylococcus epidermidis and staphylococcus aureus are important causative agents of hospital-acquired infections and bacteremia, likely due to their ability to form biofilms. the production of a dense exopolysaccharide (eps) matrix enclosing the cells slows the penetration of antibiotic down, resulting in therapy failure. the eps depolymerase (dpo7) derived from bacteriophage vb_sepis-phiipla7, was overexpressed in escherichia coli and characterized. a dose dependent but time independent resp ... | 2015 | 26635776 |
| complete genomic and lysis-cassette characterization of the novel phage, kbnp1315, which infects avian pathogenic escherichia coli (apec). | avian pathogenic escherichia coli (apec) is a major pathogen that causes avian colibacillosis and is associated with severe economic losses in the chicken-farming industry. here, bacteriophage kbnp1315, infecting apec strain kbp1315, was genomically and functionally characterized. the evolutionary relationships of kbnp1315 were analyzed at the genomic level using gene (protein)-sharing networks, the markov clustering (mcl) algorithm, and comparative genomics. our network analysis showed that kbn ... | 2015 | 26555076 |
| functional characterization of abed, an rnd-type membrane transporter in antimicrobial resistance in acinetobacter baumannii. | acinetobacter baumannii is becoming an increasing menace in health care settings especially in the intensive care units due to its ability to withstand adverse environmental conditions and exhibit innate resistance to different classes of antibiotics. here we describe the biological contributions of abed, a novel membrane transporter in bacterial stress response and antimicrobial resistance in a. baumannii. | 2015 | 26496475 |
| foreign dna capture during crispr-cas adaptive immunity. | bacteria and archaea generate adaptive immunity against phages and plasmids by integrating foreign dna of specific 30-40-base-pair lengths into clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (crispr) loci as spacer segments. the universally conserved cas1-cas2 integrase complex catalyses spacer acquisition using a direct nucleophilic integration mechanism similar to retroviral integrases and transposases. how the cas1-cas2 complex selects foreign dna substrates for integration remains ... | 2015 | 26503043 |
| targeted predation of extrafloral nectaries by insects despite localized chemical defences. | extrafloral (ef) nectaries recruit carnivorous arthropods that protect plants from herbivory, but they can also be exploited by nectar thieves. we studied the opportunistic, targeted predation (and destruction) of ef nectaries by insects, and the localized chemical defences that plants presumably use to minimize this effect. in field and laboratory experiments, we identified insects that were possibly responsible for ef nectary predation in vicia faba (fava bean) and determined the extent and ac ... | 2015 | 26446809 |
| antimicrobial resistance: a global multifaceted phenomenon. | antimicrobial resistance (amr) is one of the most serious global public health threats in this century. the first world health organization (who) global report on surveillance of amr, published in april 2014, collected for the first time data from national and international surveillance networks, showing the extent of this phenomenon in many parts of the world and also the presence of large gaps in the existing surveillance. in this review, we focus on antibacterial resistance (abr), which repre ... | 2015 | 26343252 |
| fire blight control: the struggle goes on. a comparison of different fire blight control methods in switzerland with respect to biosafety, efficacy and durability. | fire blight (fb), caused by erwinia amylovora, is one of the most important pome fruit pathogens worldwide. to control this devastating disease, various chemical and biological treatments are commonly applied in switzerland, but they fail to keep the infection at an acceptable level in years of heavy disease pressure. the swiss authorities therefore currently allow the controlled use of the antibiotic streptomycin against fb in years that are predicted to have heavy infection periods, but only o ... | 2015 | 26378562 |
| the escherichia coli narl receiver domain regulates transcription through promoter specific functions. | the escherichia coli response regulator narl controls transcription of genes involved in nitrate respiration during anaerobiosis. narl consists of two domains joined by a linker that wraps around the interdomain interface. phosphorylation of the narl n-terminal receiver domain (rd) releases the, otherwise sequestered, c-terminal output domain (od) that subsequently binds specific dna promoter sites to repress or activate gene expression. the aim of this study is to investigate the extent to whic ... | 2015 | 26307095 |
| deciphering the conserved genetic loci implicated in plant disease control through comparative genomics of bacillus amyloliquefaciens subsp. plantarum. | to understand the growth-promoting and disease-inhibiting activities of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (pgpr) strains, the genomes of 12 bacillus subtilis group strains with pgpr activity were sequenced and analyzed. these b. subtilis strains exhibited high genomic diversity, whereas the genomes of b. amyloliquefaciens strains (a member of the b. subtilis group) are highly conserved. a pairwise blastp matrix revealed that gene family similarity among bacillus genomes ranges from 32 to 90%, ... | 2015 | 26347755 |
| the contribution of genetic recombination to crispr array evolution. | crispr (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) is a microbial immune system against foreign dna. recognition sequences (spacers) encoded within the crispr array mediate the immune reaction in a sequence-specific manner. the known mechanisms for the evolution of crispr arrays include spacer acquisition from foreign dna elements at the time of invasion and array erosion through spacer deletion. here, we consider the contribution of genetic recombination between homologous crisp ... | 2015 | 26085541 |
| genomic basis of the differences between cider and dessert apple varieties. | unraveling the genomic processes at play during variety diversification is of fundamental interest for understanding evolution, but also of applied interest in crop science. it can indeed provide knowledge on the genetic bases of traits for crop improvement and germplasm diversity management. apple is one of the most important fruit crops in temperate regions, having both great economic and cultural values. sweet dessert apples are used for direct consumption, while bitter cider apples are used ... | 2015 | 26240603 |
| a useful methoxyvinyl cation equivalent: α-t-butyldimethylsilyl-α-methoxyacetaldehyde. | described are the synthesis and application of α-t-butyldimethylsilyl-α-methoxyacetaldehyde as a formal methoxyvinyl cation equivalent. addition of grignard reagents to the title aldehyde, followed by treatment of the intermediate β-hydroxysilanes with kh, gives good yields of large z-methoxyvinylated products. assuming a peterson-like elimination mechanism, one can infer that the grignard addition proceeds with high syn selectivity. these results are consistent with a chelation control model in ... | 2015 | 26028786 |
| whole-genome comparative analysis of virulence genes unveils similarities and differences between endophytes and other symbiotic bacteria. | plant pathogens and endophytes co-exist and often interact with the host plant and within its microbial community. the outcome of these interactions may lead to healthy plants through beneficial interactions, or to disease through the inducible production of molecules known as virulence factors. unravelling the role of virulence in endophytes may crucially improve our understanding of host-associated microbial communities and their correlation with host health. virulence is the outcome of a comp ... | 2015 | 26074885 |
| medfly ceratitis capitata as potential vector for fire blight pathogen erwinia amylovora: survival and transmission. | monitoring the ability of bacterial plant pathogens to survive in insects is required for elucidating unknown aspects of their epidemiology and for designing appropriate control strategies. erwinia amylovora is a plant pathogenic bacterium that causes fire blight, a devastating disease in apple and pear commercial orchards. studies on fire blight spread by insects have mainly focused on pollinating agents, such as honeybees. however, the mediterranean fruit fly (medfly) ceratitis capitata (dipte ... | 2015 | 25978369 |
| identification of dfra14 in two distinct plasmids conferring trimethoprim resistance in actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. | the objective of this study was to determine the distribution and genetic basis of trimethoprim resistance in actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae isolates from pigs in england. | 2015 | 25957382 |
| actin as deathly switch? how auxin can suppress cell-death related defence. | plant innate immunity is composed of two layers--a basal immunity, and a specific effector-triggered immunity, which is often accompanied by hypersensitive cell death. initiation of cell death depends on a complex network of signalling pathways. the phytohormone auxin as central regulator of plant growth and development represents an important component for the modulation of plant defence. in our previous work, we showed that cell death is heralded by detachment of actin from the membrane. both, ... | 2015 | 25933033 |
| variation in phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity in apple seeds of seven cultivars. | polyphenols are the predominant ingredients in apple seeds. however, few data are available on the phenolic profile or antioxidant activity in apple seeds in previous researches. in this study, low-molecular-weight phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity in seeds, peels, and flesh of seven apple cultivars grown in northwest china were measured and analyzed using hplc and frap, dpph, abts assays, respectively. hplc analysis revealed phloridzin as the dominant phenolic compound in the seeds wi ... | 2015 | 27081364 |
| variation in phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity in apple seeds of seven cultivars. | polyphenols are the predominant ingredients in apple seeds. however, few data are available on the phenolic profile or antioxidant activity in apple seeds in previous researches. in this study, low-molecular-weight phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity in seeds, peels, and flesh of seven apple cultivars grown in northwest china were measured and analyzed using hplc and frap, dpph, abts assays, respectively. hplc analysis revealed phloridzin as the dominant phenolic compound in the seeds wi ... | 2015 | 27081364 |
| some biological activities of epaltes divaricata l. - an in vitro study. | novel chemical molecules recovered from endangered medicinal plants have wide applications and have the potential to cure different diseases caused by microorganisms. the aim of this study was to investigate in vitro antimicrobial, α-glucosidase inhibition and antioxidant activity of different solvent extracts of epaltes divaricata l. | 2015 | 25879935 |
| genome mining: prediction of lipopeptides and polyketides from bacillus and related firmicutes. | bacillus and related genera in the bacillales within the firmicutes harbor a variety of secondary metabolite gene clusters encoding polyketide synthases and non-ribosomal peptide synthetases responsible for remarkable diverse number of polyketides (pks) and lipopeptides (lps). these compounds may be utilized for medical and agricultural applications. here, we summarize the knowledge on structural diversity and underlying gene clusters of lps and pks in the bacillales. moreover, we evaluate by us ... | 2015 | 25893081 |
| the dnd operon for dna phosphorothioation modification system in escherichia coli is located in diverse genomic islands. | strains of escherichia coli that are non-typeable by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) due to in-gel degradation can influence their molecular epidemiological data. the dna degradation phenotype (dnd(+)) is mediated by the dnd operon that encode enzymes catalyzing the phosphorothioation of dna, rendering the modified dna susceptible to oxidative cleavage during a pfge run. in this study, a pcr assay was developed to detect the presence of the dnd operon in dnd(+) e. coli strains and to imp ... | 2015 | 25879448 |
| enzymatic synthesis of nucleobase-modified udp-sugars: scope and limitations. | glucose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase in conjunction with udp-glucose pyrophosphorylase was found to catalyse the conversion of a range of 5-substituted utp derivatives into the corresponding udp-galactose derivatives in poor yield. notably the 5-iodo derivative was not converted to udp-sugar. in contrast, udp-glucose pyrophosphorylase in conjunction with inorganic pyrophosphatase was particularly effective at converting 5-substituted utp derivatives, including the iodo compound, into a range ... | 2015 | 25662737 |
| crispr-cas subtype i-fb in acinetobacter baumannii: evolution and utilization for strain subtyping. | clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (crispr) are polymorphic elements found in the genome of some or all strains of particular bacterial species, providing them with a system of acquired immunity against invading bacteriophages and plasmids. two crispr-cas systems have been identified in acinetobacter baumannii, an opportunistic pathogen with a remarkable capacity for clonal dissemination. in this study, we investigated the mode of evolution and diversity of spacers of the ... | 2015 | 25706932 |
| control of fire blight (erwinia amylovora) on apple trees with trunk-injected plant resistance inducers and antibiotics and assessment of induction of pathogenesis-related protein genes. | management of fire blight is complicated by limitations on use of antibiotics in agriculture, antibiotic resistance development, and limited efficacy of alternative control agents. even though successful in control, preventive antibiotic sprays also affect non-target bacteria, aiding the selection for resistance which could ultimately be transferred to the pathogen erwinia amylovora. trunk injection is a target-precise pesticide delivery method that utilizes tree xylem to distribute injected com ... | 2015 | 25717330 |
| draft genome sequence of a quorum-sensing bacterium, dickeya sp. strain 2b12, isolated from a freshwater lake. | dickeya sp. strain 2b12 was isolated from a freshwater lake in malaysia. here, we report the draft genome sequence of dickeya sp. 2b12 sequenced by the illumina miseq platform. with the genome sequence available, this genome sequence will be useful for the study of quorum-sensing activity in this isolate. | 2015 | 25657288 |
| fructans as damps or mamps: evolutionary prospects, cross-tolerance, and multistress resistance potential. | this perspective paper proposes that endogenous apoplastic fructans in fructan accumulating plants, released after stress-mediated cellular leakage, or increased by exogenous application, can act as damage-associated molecular patterns (damps), priming plant innate immunity through ancient receptors and defense pathways that most probably evolved to react on microbial fructans acting as microbe-associated molecular patterns (mamps). the proposed model is placed in an evolutionary perspective. ho ... | 2016 | 28123393 |
| fructans as damps or mamps: evolutionary prospects, cross-tolerance, and multistress resistance potential. | this perspective paper proposes that endogenous apoplastic fructans in fructan accumulating plants, released after stress-mediated cellular leakage, or increased by exogenous application, can act as damage-associated molecular patterns (damps), priming plant innate immunity through ancient receptors and defense pathways that most probably evolved to react on microbial fructans acting as microbe-associated molecular patterns (mamps). the proposed model is placed in an evolutionary perspective. ho ... | 2016 | 28123393 |
| dna-free genetically edited grapevine and apple protoplast using crispr/cas9 ribonucleoproteins. | the combined availability of whole genome sequences and genome editing tools is set to revolutionize the field of fruit biotechnology by enabling the introduction of targeted genetic changes with unprecedented control and accuracy, both to explore emergent phenotypes and to introduce new functionalities. although plasmid-mediated delivery of genome editing components to plant cells is very efficient, it also presents some drawbacks, such as possible random integration of plasmid sequences in the ... | 2016 | 28066464 |
| evidence of the presence of nucleic acids and β-glucan in the matrix of non-typeable haemophilus influenzae in vitro biofilms. | non-typeable haemophilus influenzae (nthi) is a gram-negative bacterium that frequently colonizes the human nasopharynx; it is a common cause of chronic and recurrent otitis media in children and of exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. to date, no exopolysaccharide clearly contributing to nthi biofilms has been identified. consequently, there is some debate as to whether nthi forms biofilms during colonization and infection. the present work shows that nthi can form biofilms i ... | 2016 | 27805043 |
| global analysis of type three secretion system and quorum sensing inhibition of pseudomonas savastanoi by polyphenols extracts from vegetable residues. | protection of plants against bacterial diseases still mainly relies on the use of chemical pesticides, which in europe correspond essentially to copper-based compounds. however, recently plant diseases control is oriented towards a rational use of molecules and extracts, generally with natural origin, with lower intrinsic toxicity and a reduced negative environmental impact. in this work, polyphenolic extracts from vegetable no food/feed residues of typical mediterranean crops, as olea europaea, ... | 2016 | 27668874 |
| molecular responses to small regulating molecules against huanglongbing disease. | huanglongbing (hlb; citrus greening) is the most devastating disease of citrus worldwide. no cure is yet available for this disease and infected trees generally decline after several months. disease management depends on early detection of symptoms and chemical control of insect vectors. in this work, different combinations of organic compounds were tested for the ability to modulate citrus molecular responses to hlb disease beneficially. three small-molecule regulating compounds were tested: 1) ... | 2016 | 27459099 |
| expression of biphenyl synthase genes and formation of phytoalexin compounds in three fire blight-infected pyrus communis cultivars. | pear (pyrus communis) is an economically important fruit crop. drops in yield and even losses of whole plantations are caused by diseases, most importantly fire blight which is triggered by the bacterial pathogen erwinia amylovora. in response to the infection, biphenyls and dibenzofurans are formed as phytoalexins, biosynthesis of which is initiated by biphenyl synthase (bis). two pcbis transcripts were cloned from fire blight-infected leaves and the encoded enzymes were characterized regarding ... | 2016 | 27410389 |
| a chemical-genomic screen of neglected antibiotics reveals illicit transport of kasugamycin and blasticidin s. | fighting antibiotic resistance requires a deeper understanding of the genetic factors that determine the antibiotic susceptibility of bacteria. here we describe a chemical-genomic screen in escherichia coli k-12 that was designed to discover new aspects of antibiotic resistance by focusing on a set of 26 antibiotics and other stresses with poorly characterized mode-of-action and determinants of resistance. we show that the screen identifies new resistance determinants for these antibiotics inclu ... | 2016 | 27355376 |
| deep neural networks based recognition of plant diseases by leaf image classification. | the latest generation of convolutional neural networks (cnns) has achieved impressive results in the field of image classification. this paper is concerned with a new approach to the development of plant disease recognition model, based on leaf image classification, by the use of deep convolutional networks. novel way of training and the methodology used facilitate a quick and easy system implementation in practice. the developed model is able to recognize 13 different types of plant diseases ou ... | 2016 | 27418923 |
| initial assessment of the molecular epidemiology of blandm-1 in colombia. | we report complete genome sequences of four blandm-1-harboring gram-negative multidrug-resistant (mdr) isolates from colombia. the blandm-1 genes were located on 193-kb inc fia, 178-kb inc a/c2, and 47-kb (unknown inc type) plasmids. multilocus sequence typing (mlst) revealed that these isolates belong to sequence type 10 (st10) (escherichia coli), st392 (klebsiella pneumoniae), and st322 and st464 (acinetobacter baumannii and acinetobacter nosocomialis, respectively). our analysis identified th ... | 2016 | 27067339 |
| de novo transcriptome analysis of rhizoctonia solani ag1 ia strain early invasion in zoysia japonica root. | zoysia japonica brown spot was caused by necrotrophic fungus rhizoctonia solani invasion, which led to severe financial loss in city lawn and golf ground maintenance. however, little was known about the molecular mechanism of r. solani pathogenicity in z. japonica. in this study we examined early stage interaction between r. solani ag1 ia strain and z. japonica cultivar "zenith" root by cell ultra-structure analysis, pathogenesis-related proteins assay and transcriptome analysis to explore molec ... | 2016 | 27242730 |
| the knock-down of the expression of mdmlo19 reduces susceptibility to powdery mildew (podosphaera leucotricha) in apple (malus domestica). | varieties resistant to powdery mildew (pm; caused by podosphaera leucotricha) are a major component of sustainable apple production. resistance can be achieved by knocking-out susceptibility s-genes to be singled out among members of the mlo (mildew locus o) gene family. candidates are mlo s-genes of phylogenetic clade v up-regulated upon pm inoculation, such as mdmlo11 and 19 (clade v) and mdmlo18 (clade vii). we report the knock-down through rna interference of mdmlo11 and 19, as well as the c ... | 2016 | 26997489 |
| complete nucleotide sequence of pkoi-34, an incl/m plasmid carrying blaimp-34 in klebsiella oxytoca isolated in japan. | we determined the complete nucleotide sequence of a self-transmissible incl/m plasmid, pkoi-34, from a klebsiella oxytoca isolate. pkoi-34 possessed the core structure of an incl/m plasmid found in erwinia amylovora, pel60, with two mobile elements inserted, a transposon carrying the arsenic resistance operon and a tn21-like core module (tnp and mer modules) piggybacking blaimp-34 as a class 1 integron, in808, where blaimp-34 confers a resistance to carbapenems in k. oxytoca and klebsiella pneum ... | 2016 | 26902770 |
| genomics of three new bacteriophages useful in the biocontrol of salmonella. | non-typhoid salmonella is the principal pathogen related to food-borne diseases throughout the world. widespread antibiotic resistance has adversely affected human health and has encouraged the search for alternative antimicrobial agents. the advances in bacteriophage therapy highlight their use in controlling a broad spectrum of food-borne pathogens. one requirement for the use of bacteriophages as antibacterials is the characterization of their genomes. in this work, complete genome sequencing ... | 2016 | 27148229 |
| antimicrobial resistance in agriculture. | in this article, the current knowledge and knowledge gaps in the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance (amr) in livestock and plants and importance in terms of animal and human health are discussed. some recommendations are provided for generation of the data required in order to develop risk assessments for amr within agriculture and for risks through the food chain to animals and humans. | 2016 | 27094336 |
| comparative genome analysis provides insights into the pathogenicity of flavobacterium psychrophilum. | flavobacterium psychrophilum is a fish pathogen in salmonid aquaculture worldwide that causes cold water disease (cwd) and rainbow trout fry syndrome (rtfs). comparative genome analyses of 11 f. psychrophilum isolates representing temporally and geographically distant populations were used to describe the f. psychrophilum pan-genome and to examine virulence factors, prophages, crispr arrays, and genomic islands present in the genomes. analysis of the genomic dna sequences were complemented with ... | 2016 | 27071075 |
| turnabout is fair play: herbivory-induced plant chitinases excreted in fall armyworm frass suppress herbivore defenses in maize. | the perception of herbivory by plants is known to be triggered by the deposition of insect-derived factors such as saliva and oral secretions, oviposition materials, and even feces. such insect-derived materials harbor chemical cues that may elicit herbivore and/or pathogen-induced defenses in plants. several insect-derived molecules that trigger herbivore-induced defenses in plants are known; however, insect-derived molecules suppressing them are largely unknown. in this study, we identified tw ... | 2016 | 26979328 |
| transgenic apple plants overexpressing the chalcone 3-hydroxylase gene of cosmos sulphureus show increased levels of 3-hydroxyphloridzin and reduced susceptibility to apple scab and fire blight. | overexpression of chalcone-3-hydroxylase provokes increased accumulation of 3-hydroxyphloridzin in malus . decreased flavonoid concentrations but unchanged flavonoid class composition were observed. the increased 3-hydroxyphlorizin contents correlate well with reduced susceptibility to fire blight and scab. the involvement of dihydrochalcones in the apple defence mechanism against pathogens is discussed but unknown biosynthetic steps in their formation hamper studies on their physiological relev ... | 2016 | 26895335 |
| genome mapping of postzygotic hybrid necrosis in an interspecific pear population. | deleterious epistatic interactions in plant inter- and intraspecific hybrids can cause a phenomenon known as hybrid necrosis, characterized by a typical seedling phenotype whose main distinguishing features are dwarfism, tissue necrosis and in some cases lethality. identification of the chromosome regions associated with this type of incompatibility is important not only to increase our understanding of the evolutionary diversification that led to speciation but also for breeding purposes. devel ... | 2016 | 26770810 |
| long-term changes of bacterial and viral compositions in the intestine of a recovered clostridium difficile patient after fecal microbiota transplantation. | fecal microbiota transplantation (fmt) is an effective treatment for recurrent clostridium difficile infections (rcdis). however, long-term effects on the patients' gut microbiota and the role of viruses remain to be elucidated. here, we characterized bacterial and viral microbiota in the feces of a cured rcdi patient at various time points until 4.5 yr post-fmt compared with the stool donor. feces were subjected to dna sequencing to characterize bacteria and double-stranded dna (dsdna) viruses ... | 2016 | 27148577 |
| p13, the embl macromolecular crystallography beamline at the low-emittance petra iii ring for high- and low-energy phasing with variable beam focusing. | the macromolecular crystallography p13 beamline is part of the european molecular biology laboratory integrated facility for structural biology at petra iii (desy, hamburg, germany) and has been in user operation since mid-2013. p13 is tunable across the energy range from 4 to 17.5 kev to support crystallographic data acquisition exploiting a wide range of elemental absorption edges for experimental phase determination. an adaptive kirkpatrick-baez focusing system provides an x-ray beam with a h ... | 2017 | 28009574 |
| the expanding role of type ii secretion in bacterial pathogenesis and beyond. | type ii secretion (t2s) is one means by which gram-negative pathogens secrete proteins into the extracellular milieu and/or host organisms. based upon recent genome sequencing, it is clear that t2s is largely restricted to the proteobacteria, occurring in many, but not all genera in the α-, β-, γ-, and δ- classes. prominent human and/or animal pathogens that express a t2s system(s) include acinetobacter baumannii, burkholderia pseudomallei, chlamydia trachomatis, escherichia coli, klebsiella pne ... | 2017 | 28264910 |
| top 10 plant pathogenic bacteria in molecular plant pathology. | many plant bacteriologists, if not all, feel that their particular microbe should appear in any list of the most important bacterial plant pathogens. however, to our knowledge, no such list exists. the aim of this review was to survey all bacterial pathologists with an association with the journal molecular plant pathology and ask them to nominate the bacterial pathogens they would place in a 'top 10' based on scientific/economic importance. the survey generated 458 votes from the international ... | 2012 | 22672649 |
| antiproliferative, antifungal, and antibacterial activities of endophytic alternaria species from cupressaceae. | recent research has shown the bioprospecting of endophytic fungi from cupressaceae. here, we further uncover that the healthy cypress plants such as cupressus arizonica, cupressus sempervirens var. cereiformis, and thuja orientalis host highly bioactive endophytic alternaria fungal species. indeed, endophytic alternaria alternata, alternaria pellucida, and alternaria tangelonis were recovered from healthy cupressaceous trees. biodiversity and bioactivity of recovered endophytic alternaria specie ... | 2014 | 24801337 |
| diverse and bioactive endophytic aspergilli inhabit cupressaceae plant family. | aspergilli are filamentous, cosmopolitan and ubiquitous fungi which have significant impact on human, animal and plant welfare worldwide. due to their extraordinary metabolic diversity, aspergillus species are used in biotechnology for the production of a vast array of biomolecules. however, little is known about aspergillus species that are able to adapt an endophytic lifestyle in cupressaceae plant family and are capable of producing cytotoxic, antifungal and antibacterial metabolites. in this ... | 2014 | 24912659 |
| the crystal structure of erwinia amylovora levansucrase provides a snapshot of the products of sucrose hydrolysis trapped into the active site. | levansucrases are members of the glycoside hydrolase family and catalyse both the hydrolysis of the substrate sucrose and the transfer of fructosyl units to acceptor molecules. in the presence of sufficient sucrose, this may either lead to the production of fructooligosaccharides or fructose polymers. aim of this study is to rationalise the differences in the polymerisation properties of bacterial levansucrases and in particular to identify structural features that determine different product sp ... | 2015 | 26208466 |
| growth of bacterial phytopathogens in animal manures. | animal manures are routinely applied to agricultural lands to improve crop yield, but the possibility to spread bacterial phytopathogens through field fertilization has not been considered yet. we monitored 49 cattle, horse, swine, sheep or chicken manure samples collected in 14 polish voivodeships for the most important plant pathogenic bacteria - ralstonia solanacearum (rsol), xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (xcc), pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum (pcc), pectobacterium atros ... | 2017 | 28319994 |
| natural phenolic metabolites from endophytic aspergillus sp. ifb-yxs with antimicrobial activity. | prompted by the pressing necessity to conquer phytopathogenic infections, the antimicrobial compounds were characterized with bioassay-guided method from the ethanol extract derived from the solid-substrate fermentation of aspergillus sp. ifb-yxs, an endophytic fungus residing in the apparently healthy leave of ginkgo biloba l. the aim of this work was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity and mechanism(s) of these bioactive compounds against phytopathogens. among the compounds, xanthoascin (1) ... | 2015 | 26004581 |
| infection processes of xylem-colonizing pathogenic bacteria: possible explanations for the scarcity of qualitative disease resistance genes against them in crops. | disease resistance against xylem-colonizing pathogenic bacteria in crops. plant pathogenic bacteria cause destructive diseases in many commercially important crops. among these bacteria, eight pathogens, ralstonia solanacearum, xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, x. campestris pv. campestris, erwinia amylovora, pantoea stewartii subsp. stewartii, clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis, pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae, and xylella fastidiosa, infect their host plants through different infe ... | 2015 | 25917599 |