| in-vitro activity of cefepime and other antimicrobials: survey of european isolates. | cefepime, a new cephalosporin which has a broad-spectrum of activity was tested in vitro against 1961 gram-positive and gram-negative clinical isolates obtained from european hospitals. cefepime was highly active against gram-negative organisms, inhibiting over 94% of strains tested. the overall susceptibility rate for cefepime against all isolates was 81%. cefepime was more active than any of the third-generation cephalosporins tested against species capable of producing type i beta-lactamases, ... | 1993 | 8150766 |
| comparative crossover assessment of serum bactericidal activity and pharmacokinetics of ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin. | the study compared the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin in 12 healthy male volunteers with normal renal function. each volunteer received oral ciprofloxacin 500 mg, intravenous (i.v.) ciprofloxacin 400 mg, oral ofloxacin 400 mg, or i.v. ofloxacin 400 mg in a randomized, double-blind, crossover design with a one-week 'washout' period between doses. mean peak serum concentrations were 4.48 and 5.44 mg/l for i.v. ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin, respectively. for the ... | 1994 | 8157551 |
| characterization of the cysb protein of klebsiella aerogenes: direct evidence that n-acetylserine rather than o-acetylserine serves as the inducer of the cysteine regulon. | the cysb gene of klebsiella aerogenes has been cloned, sequenced and shown to complement the cysteine auxotrophic phenotype of escherichia coli cysb mutants. the k. aerogenes cysb gene is predicted to encode a protein of 324 amino acid residues that shares approx. 95% sequence similarity with the salmonella typhimurium and e. coli cysb proteins. gel-retardation assays demonstrate that the purified protein binds to dna fragments containing either the k. aerogenes cysb promoter or the s. typhimuri ... | 1994 | 8166630 |
| prevalence of urinary tract infection among school children in a nigerian rural community. | a survey was carried out to determine the prevalence of urinary tract infection (uti) among primary school children in awka local government area of anambra state between march and july, 1987. the asymptomatic survey was carried out by random screening of 100 urine samples of healthy pupils (50 boys and 50 girls) aged between 4-16 years. results of the survey showed that 6 boys (12%) and 24 girls (48%) were positive for the infection. at the general hospital, awka, 100 urine samples of children ... | 1994 | 8080832 |
| antimicrobial activity of essential oil from schinus molle linn. | the essential oil from the fresh leaves of schinus molle isolated by hydrodistillation was tested for antibacterial activity using the hole plate diffusion method and for antifungal activity using the mycelium or single cell growth inhibition method. results obtained showed that the volatile oil exhibited significant activity against the following bacterial species: klebsiella pneumoniae, alcaligenes faecalis, pseudomonas aeruginosa, leuconostoc cremoris, enterobacter aerogenes, proteus vulgaris ... | 1993 | 8055554 |
| in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities of fk037, a new parenteral cephalosporin. | in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities of fk037, a new parenteral cephalosporin, were compared with those of cefpirome, ceftazidime and flomoxef. the advantages of in vitro activity of fk037 were as follows: (1) a broad-spectrum antibacterial activity, (2) the most potent activity (mic90: 25 micrograms/ml) of the cephalosporins tested against highly methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (h-mrsa), (3) a strong activity against enterobacter spp. and citrobacter freundii resistant to t ... | 1994 | 8205935 |
| the tryptophan repressor sequence is highly conserved among the enterobacteriaceae. | tryptophan biosynthesis in escherichia coli is regulated by the product of the trpr gene, the tryptophan (trp) repressor. trp aporepressor binds the corepressor, l-tryptophan, to form a holorepressor complex, which binds trp operator dna tightly, and inhibits transcription of the tryptophan biosynthetic operon. the conservation of trp operator sequences among enteric gram-negative bacteria suggests that trpr genes from other bacterial species can be cloned by complementation in e. coli. to clone ... | 1994 | 8208606 |
| in vitro survival of skin flora in heparin locks and needleless valve infusion devices. | to determine the extent to which two types of infusion devices, the heparin lock and a needleless valve device, allowed the persistence of inoculated microorganisms. | 1993 | 8226011 |
| properties of isochorismate hydroxymutase from flavobacterium k3-15. | isochorismate hydroxymutase (isochorismate synthase, e.c. 5.4.99.6) catalyzes the interconversion of chorismic acid [1] and isochorismic acid [2]. the enzyme was extracted from a flavobacterium k3-15 that overproduces vitamin k2 (i.e., menaquinones) and was purified to homogeneity. the n-terminal amino acid sequence and the mol wt (36,240 +/- 100 daltons) were determined by ms following sds pag electrophoresis. the enzyme was characterized (stability, cofactor requirement, isoelectrical point), ... | 1993 | 8229014 |
| cloning, sequencing, and expression of thermophilic bacillus sp. strain tb-90 urease gene complex in escherichia coli. | the urease of thermophilic bacillus sp. strain tb-90 is composed of three subunits with molecular masses of 61, 12, and 11 kda. by using synthetic oligonucleotide probes based on n-terminal amino acid sequences of each subunit, we cloned a 3.2-kb ecori fragment of tb-90 genomic dna. moreover, we cloned two other dna fragments by gene walking starting from this fragment. finally, we reconstructed in vitro a 6.2-kb dna fragment which expressed catalytically active urease in escherichia coli by com ... | 1994 | 8288539 |
| crystallization of a dna and n-acetylserine binding fragment (residues 1 to 233) of klebsiella aerogenes cysb protein, a member of the lysr family. | cysb protein is a positive regulator of transcription of genes involved in cysteine biosynthesis in bacteria and a member of the lysr family of dna binding proteins. a 233-residue n-terminal chymotryptic fragment of the protein, with dna and n-acetylserine binding activity, has been crystallized in the presence of monomethyl-polyethylene glycol 750. the crystals diffract to 2.5 a (1 a = 0.1 nm) spacing on a rotating copper anode x-ray source and to 2.1 a spacing using synchrotron radiation and a ... | 1994 | 8289319 |
| site-directed mutagenesis of klebsiella aerogenes urease: identification of histidine residues that appear to function in nickel ligation, substrate binding, and catalysis. | comparison of six urease sequences revealed the presence of 10 conserved histidine residues (h96 in the gamma subunit, h39 and h41 in beta, and h134, h136, h219, h246, h312, h320, and h321 in the alpha subunit of the klebsiella aerogenes enzyme). each of these residues in k. aerogenes urease was substituted with alanine by site-directed mutagenesis, and the mutant proteins were purified and characterized in order to identify essential histidine residues and assign their roles. the gamma h96a, be ... | 1993 | 8318888 |
| purification and characterization of klebsiella aerogenes uree protein: a nickel-binding protein that functions in urease metallocenter assembly. | the klebsiella aerogenes uree gene product was previously shown to facilitate assembly of the urease metallocenter (lee, m.h., et al., 1992, j. bacteriol. 174, 4324-4330). uree protein has now been purified and characterized. although it behaves as a soluble protein, uree is predicted to possess an amphipathic beta-strand and exhibits unusually tight binding to phenyl-sepharose resin. immunogold electron microscopic studies confirm that uree is a cytoplasmic protein. each dimeric uree molecule ( ... | 1993 | 8318889 |
| on the evolution of arginases and related enzymes. | sequence analysis of the arginase/agmatine ureohydrolase family, important enzymes in arginine/agmatine metabolism and the urea cycle, reveals the similarity of arginases to formiminoglutamate hydrolase (hutg) in klebsiella aerogenes and to a previously unidentified open reading frame adjacent to the hmf locus of the archaebacterium methanothermus fervidus. the gene structure and distribution of these homologous proteins across primary kingdoms suggest that this family is another example of a pr ... | 1994 | 8064866 |
| sequence of the proteus mirabilis urease accessory gene ureg. | we report the sequence of ureg, an accessory gene that is a part of the ure gene cluster of uropathogenic proteus mirabilis and required for full enzymatic activity of urease. the 615-bp open reading frame predicts a m(r) 22,374 polypeptide, which contains a consensus amino acid (aa) sequence for atp-binding. the polypeptide shares sequence homology with ureg of escherichia coli (93% of identical aa), klebsiella aerogenes (59%) and helicobacter pylori (59%). | 1993 | 8335248 |
| synthesis, purification and kinetic properties of fluorescein-labelled penicillins. | the synthesis and properties of six fluorescein-labelled penicillins are reported. the two isomers of fluoresceyl-glycyl-6-amino-penicillanic acid are probably the best compounds to use for detection of all the penicillin-binding proteins (pbps) present in a bacterial membrane preparation. however, the derivatives of ampicillin were much more efficient against enterobacter aerogenes pbp3. the two isomers obtained when a commercial mixture of the two isomers of carboxyfluorescein was used most of ... | 1994 | 8198525 |
| molecular characterization of microbial alcohol dehydrogenases. | there is an astonishing array of microbial alcohol oxidoreductases. they display a wide variety of substrate specificities and they fulfill several vital but quite different physiological functions. some of these enzymes are involved in the production of alcoholic beverages and of industrial solvents, others are important in the production of vinegar, and still others participate in the degradation of naturally occurring and xenobiotic aromatic compounds as well as in the growth of bacteria and ... | 1994 | 8185833 |
| isolation of acanthamoeba sp. from a greyhound with pneumonia and granulomatous amebic encephalitis. | acanthamoeba were isolated from a naturally occurring animal infection of granulomatous amebic encephalitis. the amebas were grown from lung lesions from a 1-year-old greyhound puppy, which was 1 of several dogs in a kennel that was affected by a progressive fatal neurologic and respiratory disease. the centers for disease control, atlanta, georgia, confirmed the disease to be acanthamebiasis and specifically identified the amebas as acanthamoeba culbertsoni by fluorescent antibody testing on br ... | 1993 | 8373852 |
| intravenous streptomycin use in a patient infected with high-level, gentamicin-resistant streptococcus faecalis. | to report a case of intravenous streptomycin sulfate use in a patient infected with high-level, gentamicin-resistant streptococcus faecalis. | 1993 | 8329788 |
| salicylic acid prevents the adherence of bacteria and yeast to silastic catheters. | during the pathogenesis of catheter-related urinary tract infection, bacteria attach to the catheter and migrate along a biofilm into the bladder. we studied the effect of coating silastic catheters with salicylic acid on bacterial and yeast adherence. an agar roll technique, bioluminescent assay, and radiolabeling study all produced consistent results. there was a dose related inhibition of adherence with pseudomonas aeruginosa, enterobacter aerogenes, klebsiella pneumoniae, candida albicans, a ... | 1993 | 8390997 |
| identification of algf in the alginate biosynthetic gene cluster of pseudomonas aeruginosa which is required for alginate acetylation. | mucoid strains of pseudomonas aeruginosa produce a high-molecular-weight exopolysaccharide called alginate that is modified by the addition of o-acetyl groups. to better understand the acetylation process, a gene involved in alginate acetylation called algf was identified in this study. we hypothesized that a gene involved in alginate acetylation would be located within the alginate biosynthetic gene cluster at 34 min on the p. aeruginosa chromosome. to isolate algf mutants, a procedure for loca ... | 1993 | 8394313 |
| comparative antimicrobial activity of lomefloxacin, norfloxacin, ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin and enoxacin against > 500 bacterial isolates. | an agar dilution technique was used to compare the antimicrobial activities of lomefloxacin, norfloxacin, ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin and enoxacin against 544 strains of bacterial isolates. among the five quinolone agents tested, ciprofloxacin was the most active. enoxacin was the most active after ciprofloxacin against escherichia coli, enterobacter aerogenes, proteus mirabilis, shigella spp., yersinia enterocolitica, and haemophilus influenzae with an mic90 of < or = 0.25 micrograms/ml. ofloxacin ... | 1993 | 8396196 |
| t lymphocyte responses to antigens of gram-negative bacteria in pyelonephritis. | we showed previously that large numbers of t lymphocytes accumulate within a few days in the kidneys of rats with ascending pyelonephritis induced with escherichia coli or pseudomonas aeruginosa. cd4+ t cells propagated from the lesions exhibited mhc-restricted proliferative responses to formalin-fixed bacteria of the species used to induce infection. in the present study we investigated further the nature of the antigens responsible for the t cell proliferation and studied the ability of differ ... | 1993 | 8403542 |
| molecular characterization of the enterobacter aerogenes tonb gene: identification of a novel type of tonb box suppressor mutant. | the tonb gene of enterobacter aerogenes was cloned, sequenced, and expressed in escherichia coli. it complemented an e. coli tonb mutant as efficiently as e. coli tonb, except for colicin b and d sensitivities. however, colicin b and d sensitivities were complemented by a derivative in which the aspartate at position 165 was replaced by a glutamine (tonbd-165-->q) by site-directed mutagenesis. in e. coli, the corresponding amino acid is a glutamine (q-160) which is known to be altered in most mu ... | 1993 | 8407788 |
| moar, a gene that encodes a positive regulator of the monoamine regulon in klebsiella aerogenes. | we cloned and sequenced a klebsiella aerogenes gene (moar) for activation of arylsulfatase synthesis by tyramine. this gene was cloned by complementation of a k. aerogenes mutant in which tyramine fails to relieve the arylsulfatase repression caused by sulfur compounds. the moar gene also activated induction of the synthesis of both tyramine oxidase and the 30-kda protein that is specifically induced by high concentrations of tyramine or catecholamines. the moar gene on the chromosome of the wil ... | 1993 | 8407801 |
| clinical and bacteriological study of nosocomial infections due to enterobacter aerogenes resistant to imipenem. | enterobacter aerogenes strains resistant to imipenem were isolated in 10 patients, 7 of whom had received imipenem-cilastatin. the strains were differentiated by biotype, antibiotype, and plasmid content. all of the strains overproduced a chromosomal cephalosporinase and lost a major outer membrane protein with a size of about 40 kda. in 5 of the 10 patients, e. aerogenes strains resistant to extended-spectrum cephalosporin were isolated during the same stay. in three patients, the similarity be ... | 1993 | 8417016 |
| emergence of resistance to imipenem in enterobacter isolates masquerading as klebsiella pneumoniae during therapy with imipenem/cilastatin. | clinical isolates identified as klebsiella pneumoniae by the vitek, enterotube ii, and api 20e systems were recovered from a patient undergoing therapy with imipenem/cilastatin. these isolates were resistant to multiple beta-lactam agents, and some were even resistant to imipenem. analysis revealed a bush group 1 beta-lactamase, and imipenem resistance corresponded to the loss of outer-membrane proteins in strains expressing high levels of this beta-lactamase. further characterization efforts yi ... | 1993 | 8353231 |
| cloning and sequencing of the klebsiella pneumoniae tonb gene and characterization of escherichia coli-k. pneumoniae tonb hybrid proteins. | the tonb gene of klebsiella pneumoniae was cloned on a 1.4-kb ecorv fragment and expressed in escherichia coli. determination of the nucleotide (nt) sequence of the cloned fragment identified tonb as an open reading frame (orf) of 729 nt. the tonb protein consists of 243 amino acids (aa) and is highly homologous to enterobacter aerogenes tonb. the genetic context of k. pneumoniae and en. aerogenes tonb is the same, but is different from that of e. coli, salmonella typhimurium and serratia marces ... | 1993 | 8370545 |
| characterization of the genes of the 2,3-butanediol operons from klebsiella terrigena and enterobacter aerogenes. | the genes involved in the 2,3-butanediol pathway coding for alpha-acetolactate decarboxylase, alpha-acetolactate synthase (alpha-als), and acetoin (diacetyl) reductase were isolated from klebsiella terrigena and shown to be located in one operon. this operon was also shown to exist in enterobacter aerogenes. the buda gene, coding for alpha-acetolactate decarboxylase, gives in both organisms a protein of 259 amino acids. the amino acid similarity between these proteins is 87%. the k. terrigena ge ... | 1993 | 8444801 |
| antibacterial activity of cefcanel. | the minimum inhibitory concentration of cefcanel, a new oral cephalosporin, has been determined for 182 clinical isolates, of which 84 were from the family enterobacteriaceae, 45 were from the genus streptococcus, 18 were nonfermentative rods, 25 were haemophilus influenzae and 10 were branhamella catarrhalis. in general, cefcanel was more active than the other cephalosporins against the species escherichia coli, klebsiella aerogenes and proteus mirabilis. among the genus streptococcus only the ... | 1993 | 8458252 |
| the nac (nitrogen assimilation control) gene from klebsiella aerogenes. | the klebsiella aerogenes nac gene, whose product is necessary for nitrogen regulation of a number of operons, was identified and its dna sequence determined. the nac sequence predicted a protein a 305 amino acids with a strong similarity to members of the lysr family of regulatory proteins, especially oxyr from escherichia coli. analysis of proteins expressed in minicells showed that nac is a single-gene operon whose product has an apparent molecular weight of about 32 kda as measured in sodium ... | 1993 | 8458853 |
| the product of the klebsiella aerogenes nac (nitrogen assimilation control) gene is sufficient for activation of the hut operons and repression of the gdh operon. | in klebsiella aerogenes, the formation of a large number of enzymes responds to the quality and quantity of the nitrogen source provided in the growth medium, and this regulation requires the action of the nitrogen regulatory (ntr) system in every case known. nitrogen regulation of several operons requires not only the ntr system, but also nac, the product of the nac gene, raising the question of whether the role of nac is to activate operons directly or by modifying the specificity of the ntr s ... | 1993 | 8458854 |
| kinetics of alpha-dicarbonyls reduction by l-glycol dehydrogenase (nad+) from enterobacter aerogenes. | l-glycol dehydrogenase from enterobacter aerogenes shows a high affinity by nadh (ks = 2-4 microm; km = 4.3-9.7 microm), which indicates that it must operate in vivo saturated with this coenzyme. michaelis and dissociation constants for the reduction of the carbonyl substrates assayed (diacetyl, 2,3-pentanedione, methylglyoxal and ethyl pyruvate) are similar to those reported for other diacetyl reducing enzymes. the kinetic mechanism followed by these reactions has also been studied. our results ... | 1993 | 8500982 |
| a system to generate chromosomal mutations in lactococcus lactis which allows fast analysis of targeted genes. | a system for generating chromosomal insertions in lactococci is described. it is based on the conditional replication of lactococcal pwv01-derived ori+ repa- vector pori19, containing lacz alpha and the multiple cloning site of puc19. chromosomal alui fragments of lactococcus lactis were cloned in pori19 in repa+ helper strain escherichia coli ec101. the frequency of campbell-type recombinants, following introduction of this plasmid bank into l. lactis (repa-), was increased by combining the sys ... | 1995 | 8522504 |
| characterization of transposon tn5469 from the cyanobacterium fremyella diplosiphon. | a transposon, designated tn5469, was isolated from mutant strain fdr1 of the filamentous cyanobacterium fremyella diplosiphon following its insertion into the rcac gene. tn5469 is a 4,904-bp noncomposite transposon with 25-bp near-perfect terminal inverted repeats and has three tandemly arranged, slightly overlapping potential open reading frames (orfs) encoding proteins of 104.6 kda (909 residues), 42.5 kda (375 residues), and 31.9 kda (272 residues). insertion of tn5469 into the rcac gene in s ... | 1995 | 8522506 |
| evidence suggesting cis action by the tnac leader peptide in regulating transcription attenuation in the tryptophanase operon of escherichia coli. | expression of the tryptophanase (tna) operon in escherichia coli is regulated by catabolite repression and transcription attenuation. elevated levels of tryptophan induce transcription antitermination at one or more rho factor-dependent termination sites in the leader region of the operon. induction requires translation of a 24-residue coding region, tnac, located in the 319-nucleotide transcribed leader region preceding tnaa, the structural gene for tryptophanase. in the present paper, we show ... | 1995 | 8522534 |
| a new gene, cbl, encoding a member of the lysr family of transcriptional regulators belongs to escherichia coli cys regulon. | the cbl (cysb-like) gene has been identified in escherichia coli. the analysis of the cloned cbl sequence revealed strict homology to an orf of unknown function found initially in klebsiella aerogenes [schwacha and bender, j. bacteriol. 175 (1993) 2107-2115]. the predicted cbl protein has structural features of the lysr family of transcriptional activators. it is also strongly similar to the cysb protein, the activator of the cys regulon. the position of cbl on the ec physical map has been estab ... | 1995 | 8529872 |
| enzymatic synthesis of l-tryptophan by enterobacter aerogenes tryptophanase highly expressed in escherichia coli, and some properties of the purified enzyme. | we constructed two plasmids that have a strong tac promoter and a structural gene for tryptophanase of enterobacter aerogenes sm-18 (pkt901ea) or escherichia coli k-12 (pkt951ec). the tryptophanase activity of e. coli jm109 transformed with pkt901ea (jm109/pkt901ea) was inducible with isopropyl-beta-d-thiogalactopyranoside, and 3.6 times higher than that of e. aerogenes sm-18. cells of jm109/pkt901ea induced for tryptophanase synthesized l-tryptophan from indole, ammonia, and pyruvate more effic ... | 1995 | 8534987 |
| urease activity in the crystalline state. | crystalline klebsiella aerogenes urease was found to have less than 0.05% of the activity observed for the soluble enzyme under standard assay conditions. li2so4, present in the crystal storage buffer at 2 m concentration, was shown to inhibit soluble urease by a mixed inhibition mechanism (ki's of 0.38 +/- 0.05 m for the free enzyme and 0.13 +/- 0.02 m for the enzyme-urea complex). however, the activity of crystals was less than 0.5% of the expected value, suggesting that salt inhibition does n ... | 1995 | 8535259 |
| decreased transmission of enterobacteriaceae with extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in an intensive care unit by nursing reorganization. | in our gastrointestinal surgical intensive care unit (sicu), the large number of patients with multiple enterostomies enhances the risk of nosocomial transmission of gut extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing enterobacteriaceae (esble) by health care workers. a control study performed in our sicu from june-august 1992 showed an esble gut colonization rate of 70%. to reduce this rate, nursing procedures were intensified or modified, particularly handwashing, single-use equipment and waste con ... | 1995 | 8551026 |
| clinical disorders observed in anteaters (myrmecophagidae, edentata) in captivity. | the major health problems found in 103 captive lesser anteaters (tamandua tetradactyla) and giant anteaters (myrmecophaga tridactyla), family myrmecophagidae, are presented and correlated with management. the most common of 200 recorded clinical disorders involved the digestive system (26%), nutritional deficiency (20%), injury (15.5%), respiratory system (10%), skin (7%) and circulatory system (4.5%), but 13% of the cases were inconclusive. parasites were identified in 48.5% of faecal samples, ... | 1995 | 8560755 |
| bacteriolytic activities of the free-living soil amoebae, acanthamoeba castellanii, acanthamoeba polyphaga and hartmannella vermiformis. | bacteriolytic activities of axenically grown free-living soil amoebae acanthamoeba castellanii, acanthamoeba polyphaga and hartmannella vermiformis towards various gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria were determined. a spectrophotometric assay revealed that the specific bacteriolytic activities of both acanthamoeba species were higher as those of the three hartmannella strains. bacillus megaterium, bacillus subtilis, chromatium vinosum, micrococcus luteus and pseudomonas fluorescens were mo ... | 1995 | 8572682 |
| identification of pasteurella multocida tryptophan synthase beta-subunit by antisera against strain p1059. | pasteurella multocida strain p1059 is a highly virulent bacterium which causes fowl cholera in turkeys and chickens. a genomic library of p. multocida p1059 dna was constructed using puc19, expressed in escherichia coli dh5 alpha, and screened with chicken antisera generated against p. multocida p1059. twelve out of the 4100 clones screened were immunoreactive. plasmids isolated from these twelve clones were transformed into e. coli csr603 for maxicell analysis. five proteins, with molecular mas ... | 1996 | 8581158 |
| the relationship between antecedent antibiotic use and resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins in group i beta-lactamase-producing organisms. | gram-negative pathogens are increasingly resistant to extended-spectrum cephalosporins (escs). using a prospective, case-controlled observational study, we examined the prevalence and the risk factors for development of resistance to escs in group i beta-lactamase-producing organisms. of the 386 isolates of enterobacter species, pseudomonas aeruginosa, citrobacter species, and serratia marsescens from 340 consecutive patients, 70 (18.1%) were resistant to escs; the highest rates of resistance we ... | 1995 | 8589129 |
| inactivation of glutaraldehyde by reaction with sodium bisulfite. | the microbiocidal activity of glutaraldehyde was inactivated by reaction with sodium bisulfite via formation of a proposed glutaraldehyde-bisulfite complex. high-performance liquid chromatography (hplc) analysis of 2% (0.2m) alkaline glutaraldehyde indicated complete loss of glutaraldehyde at a 2.2:1 molar ratio of sodium bisulfite to glutaraldehyde. neither 1.7% (0.17 m) sodium bisulfite alone nor the glutaraldehyde-bisulfite complex was microbiocidal when tested against escherichia coli, pseud ... | 1996 | 8604152 |
| metal ion interaction with urease and ured-urease apoproteins. | klebsiella aerogenes urease in a ni-containing enzyme (two ni per alpha beta gamma unit) that is purified as an apoprotein from cells grown in ni-free medium. partial activation of urease and ured-urease apoproteins is achieved in vitro by incubation in the presence of ni(ii) and co2, whereas incubation of these proteins with ni alone leads to the formation of inactive species [park, i.-s., & hausinger, r. p. (1995) science 267, 1156-1158]. here we determined the kinetics of these inhibitory rea ... | 1996 | 8611523 |
| investigation of outbreaks of enterobacter aerogenes colonisation and infection in intensive care units by random amplification of polymorphic dna. | during a 4-month period, 41 isolates of enterobactor aerogenes were cultured from different specimens from a 14-bed intensive care unit (icu1). these were obtained from 12 patients out of a total of 187 patients admitted to the icu. sixteen e. aerogenes isolates were cultured from another icu (icu2) 6 months later. six non-outbreaks associated strains were included as controls and all the isolates were compared by random amplification of polymorphic dna (rapd), with three different 10-mer oligon ... | 1996 | 8642581 |
| cloning of the maoa gene that encodes aromatic amine oxidase of escherichia coli w3350 and characterization of the overexpressed enzyme. | the mao operon of escherichia coli w3350, which comprises the genes maoc and maoa, was cloned and appeared to be similar to that of klebsiella aerogenes [sugino, h., sasaki, m., azakami, h., yamashita, m. & murooka, y. (1992) j. bacteriol. 174, 2485-2492]. the gene that encodes aromatic amine oxidase (maoa) was isolated, sequenced, and expressed in e. coli tg2. the purified enzyme exhibited properties characteristic of a copper/topaquinone(tpq)-containing amine oxidase with respect to the optica ... | 1996 | 8647101 |
| in vitro activity of cefpirome against selected clinical enterobacterial isolates with beta-lactamase-mediated resistance. | previous studies have shown that there is a high incidence of resistance to cephalosporins among enterobacteria isolated in greek hospitals. this resistance is mainly due to either the derepression of chromosomal cephalosporinases or the acquisition of plasmids coding for shv-5 type beta-lactamase. in the present study the activity of cefpirome against a number of enterobacteria (escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, enterobacter cloacae, enterobacter aerogenes and serratia marcescens) posses ... | 1995 | 8655212 |
| susceptibility of bacterial isolates to beta-lactam antibiotics from u.s. clinical trials over a 5-year period. | results are reported for agar dilution susceptibility testing of 3,075 isolates of aerobic bacteria collected from >200 u.s. institutions, located in 30 different states. these isolates were collected from 1987 through 1991 from patients who participated in cefepime clinical trials. cefepime susceptibility was compared with ceftazidime, cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, cefoperazone, and imipenem. to avoid duplication of strains, only initial isolates were included. cefepime minimum inhibitory concentrat ... | 1996 | 8678092 |
| comparative activity of eight antimicrobial agents against clinical bacterial isolates from the united states, measured by two methods. | in a surveillance study conducted during 1992-1993 at 83 medical institutions of different types and sizes (e.g., laboratories, community hospitals, teaching hospitals) and from different geographical areas of the united states, clinical bacterial isolates were tested for their susceptibility to eight comparative antimicrobial agents (cefepime, ceftazidime, cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, imipenem, and piperacillin). a total of 12,574 isolates were tested by either the etest ... | 1996 | 8678094 |
| characterization of the mononickel metallocenter in h134a mutant urease. | a mutant form of klebsiella aerogenes urease possessing ala instead of his at position 134 (h134a) is inactive and binds approximately half the normal complement of nickel (park, i.-s., and hausinger, r. p.(1993) protein sci. 2, 1034-1041). the crystal structure of the h134a protein was obtained at 2.0-a resolution, and it confirms that only ni-1 of the two nickel ions found in the native enzyme is present. in contrast to the pseudotetrahedral geometry observed for ni-1 in native urease (where i ... | 1996 | 8702515 |
| x-ray absorption spectroscopy study of native and phenylphosphorodiamidate-inhibited bacillus pasteurii urease. | x-ray absorption spectroscopy (xas) has been applied to urease from bacillus pasteurii, a highly ureolytic soil bacterium, with the aim of elucidating the structural details of the nickel-containing active site. the results indicate the presence of octahedrally coordinated ni2+, in a sphere of six n/o donors at an average distance of 0.203 nm. an average of two histidine residues are bound to nickel. the experimental evidence suggests direct binding of the urease inhibitor phenylphosphorodiamida ... | 1996 | 8706719 |
| proton-linked l-rhamnose transport, and its comparison with l-fucose transport in enterobacteriaceae. | 1. an alkaline ph change occurred when l-rhamnose, l-mannose or l-lyxose was added to l-rhamnose-grown energy-depleted suspensions of strains of escherichia coli. this is diagnostic of sugar-h+ symport activity. 2. l-rhamnose, l-mannose and l-lyxose were inducers of the sugar-h+ symport and of l-[14c]rhamnose transport activity. l-rhamnose also induced the biochemically and genetically distinct l-fucose-h+ symport activity in strains competent for l-rhamnose metabolism. 3. steady-state kinetic m ... | 1993 | 8384447 |
| structures of the klebsiella aerogenes urease apoenzyme and two active-site mutants. | urease from klebsiella aerogenes [jabri et al. (1995) science 268, 998-1004] is an (alpha beta gamma)3 trimer with each alpha-subunit having an (alpha beta)8-barrel domain containing a binickel active center. here we examine structure-function relations for urease in more detail through structural analysis of the urease apoenzyme at 2.3 a resolution and mutants of two key catalytic residues (h219a and h320a) at 2.5 a resolution. with the exception of the active site, in which a water molecule ta ... | 1996 | 8718850 |
| molecular epidemiology of enterobacter aerogenes acquisition: one-year prospective study in two intensive care units. | to evaluate the respective contributions of patient-to-patient transmission and endogenous acquisition of enterobacter aerogenes isolates, we conducted a prospective epidemiologic study in two intensive care units (icus) between may 1994 and april 1995. we collected a total of 185 e. aerogenes isolates: 130 from 51 patients in a surgical icu (sicu), 45 from 26 patients in a medical icu (micu), and 10 from the environments in these two icus. all isolates were typed by random amplification of poly ... | 1996 | 8735101 |
| assessment of a protein fold recognition method that takes into account four physicochemical properties: side-chain packing, solvation, hydrogen-bonding, and local conformation. | a protein fold recognition method was tested by the blind prediction of the structures of a set of proteins. the method evaluates the compatibility of an amino acid sequence with a three-dimensional structure using the four evaluation functions: side-chain packing, solvation, hydrogen-bonding, and local conformation functions. the structures of 14 proteins containing 19 sequences were predicted. the predictions were compared with the experimental structures. the experimental results showed that ... | 1995 | 8710829 |
| serum bactericidal activity of ceftizoxime and ceftriaxone against pathogens associated with community-acquired and nosocomial pneumonias. | the serum bactericidal activities of ceftizoxime and ceftriaxone against organisms commonly implicated in community-acquired and nosocomial pneumonias were studied. ceftizoxime 1 g (as the sodium salt) every 12 hours for two doses and ceftriaxone 1 g (as the sodium salt) every 24 hours for two doses were administered to 20 healthy volunteers in a crossover fashion. blood samples were drawn immediately before and 2,4,6,8,10, and 12 hours after the second ceftizoxime dose and immediately before an ... | 1996 | 8744464 |
| outbreak of tem-24-producing enterobacter aerogenes in an intensive care unit and dissemination of the extended-spectrum beta-lactamase to other members of the family enterobacteriaceae. | we report an outbreak of enterobacter aerogenes in an intensive care unit (icu) and two medicine departments that produced the extended-spectrum beta-lactamase tem-24, which was difficult to detect by disk agar diffusion. the strains were compared by dna restriction fragment length polymorphism after pulsed-field gel electrophoresis following cleavage with xbai. this typing method indicated that a single strain, first isolated in the icu, spread throughout the other medical departments as a resu ... | 1996 | 8748277 |
| a comparative study of the bbl crystal enteric/nonfermenter identification system and the biomerieux api20e and api20ne identification systems after overnight incubation. | the bbl crystal enteric/nonfermenter (crystal, becton dickinson microbiology systems) is a new multi-test identification system for gram negative rods requiring no oil overlay or addition of reagents. one hundred and three selected gram negative rod isolates from routine clinical specimens were tested in parallel using the appropriate api20e or api20ne (biomerieux) reading after overnight incubation. the isolates included in the study, and the number tested, were as follows: acinetobacter sp, 8; ... | 1995 | 8771156 |
| transferable cefoxitin resistance in enterobacteria from greek hospitals and characterization of a plasmid-mediated group 1 beta-lactamase (lat-2). | cefoxitin resistance in klebsiella pneumoniae from escherichia coli strains isolated in greek hospitals was found to be due to the acquisition of similar plasmids coding for group 1 beta-lactamases. the plasmids were not self-transferable but were mobilized by conjugative plasmids. these elements have also been spread to enterobacter aerogenes. the most common enzyme was a citrobacter freundii-derived cephalosporinase (lat-2) which differed from lat-1 by three amino acids. | 1996 | 8807075 |
| purification, characterization, and functional analysis of a truncated klebsiella aerogenes uree urease accessory protein lacking the histidine-rich carboxyl terminus. | klebsiella aerogenes uree, one of four accessory proteins involved in urease metallocenter assembly, contains a histidine-rich c terminus (10 of the last 15 residues) that is likely to participate in metal ion coordination by this nickel-binding protein. to study the function of the histidine-rich region in urease activation, uree in the urease gene cluster was mutated to result in synthesis of a truncated peptide, h144* uree, lacking the final 15 residues. urease activity in cells containing h1 ... | 1996 | 8808929 |
| purification and activation properties of ured-uref-urease apoprotein complexes. | in vivo assembly of the klebsiella aerogenes urease nickel metallocenter requires the presence of ured, uref, and ureg accessory proteins and is further facilitated by uree. prior studies had shown that urease apoprotein exists in an uncomplexed form as well as in a series of ured-urease (i.-s. park, m.b. carr, and r.p. hausinger, proc. natl. acad. sci. usa 91:3233-3237, 1994) and ured-uref-ureg-urease (i.-s. park and r.p. hausinger, j. bacteriol. 177:1947-1951, 1995) apoprotein complexes. this ... | 1996 | 8808930 |
| adhesive properties and antibiotic resistance of klebsiella, enterobacter, and serratia clinical isolates involved in nosocomial infections. | intestinal colonization by klebsiella, enterobacter, and serratia (kes) strains is a crucial step in the development of nosocomial infections. we studied the adhesive properties, antibiotic resistance, and involvement in colonization or infection of 103 kes clinical isolates: 30 klebsiella pneumoniae (29%), 16 klebsiella oxytoca (15%), 30 enterobacter aerogenes (29%), 14 enterobacter cloacae (14%), and 13 serratia sp. (13%) isolates. half of them were resistant to several antimicrobial agents, i ... | 1996 | 8818891 |
| a simulation of microbial competition in the human colonic ecosystem. | many investigations of the interactions of microbial competitors in the gastrointestinal tract used continuous-flow anaerobic cultures. the simulation reported here was a deterministic 11-compartment model coded by using the c programming language and based on parameters from published in vitro studies and assumptions were data were unavailable. the resource compartments were glucose, lactose and sucrose, starch, sorbose, and serine. six microbial competitors included indigenous nonpathogenic co ... | 1996 | 8837418 |
| epidemiology of infections due to multiresistant enterobacter aerogenes in a university hospital. | | 1996 | 8839650 |
| [utility of pyrrolidonyl-arylamidase detection for typing enterobacteriaceae and non-fermenting gram-negative bacteria]. | detection of pyrrolidonyl-aryl-amidase activity (pyr) is an important tool to identify gram-positive cocci, such as staphylococci, enterococci, streptococci, and other related genera. however, only few studies evaluating its usefulness with gram-negative rods have been published. thus, a prospective study including 542 and 215 unique clinical isolates of enterobacteriaceae and non-fermentative gram-negative rods, respectively, was undertaken. strains were identified by conventional methods. pyr ... | 1995 | 8850133 |
| survey of prevalence of extended spectrum beta-lactamases among enterobacteriaceae. | during the first six months of 1990 and 1994 respectively, 3179 and 2721 non-repetitive strains of enterobacteriaceae were isolated at the teaching hospital of clermont-ferrand. extended-spectrum beta-lactamases were found in 147 isolates, mainly in klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 73), enterobacter aerogenes (n = 37) and proteus mirabilis (n = 15). tem-3/ctx-1, shv-4/caz-5 and tem-24/caz-6 were the prevalent enzymes. however, the most frequently involved enzyme in 1990 was tem-3 (48.6%) whereas in 19 ... | 1996 | 8858464 |
| epidemiological study of an outbreak due to multidrug-resistant enterobacter aerogenes in a medical intensive care unit. | in 1993, 63 isolates of enterobacter aerogenes were collected from 41 patients in a medical intensive care unit (icu). during the same period, only 46 isolates from 32 patients were collected in the rest of the hospital. all isolates were analyzed by antibiotic resistance phenotype, and 77 representative isolates were differentiated by plasmid restriction analysis, ribotyping, and arbitrarily primed (ap)-pcr. the extended-spectrum beta-lactamases produced by 22 strains were characterized by dete ... | 1996 | 8862578 |
| occurrence of a novel l-2,4-diaminobutyrate decarboxylase activity in some species of enterobacteriaceae, and purification and characterization of the enzymes of enterobacter aerogenes and serratia marcescens. | l-2,4-diaminobutyrate decarboxylase (daba dc) is a novel enzyme yielding 1,3-diaminopropane (dap) from daba, which has previously been purified from strains of the genera vibrio and acinetobacter. in this study, we also detected daba dc activity in the species of enterobacteriaceae: e. aerogenes, e. cloacae, e. agglomerans, serratia marcescens, s. liquefaciens, klebsiella pneumoniace, k. oxytoca and citrobacter freundii, all of which produced dap in sufficient amounts. subsequently, the daba dcs ... | 1996 | 8913500 |
| replicon rescue: a novel strategy to clone the genomic dna flanking insertions of integrating shuttle vector dna. | a novel cloning strategy, replicon rescue, was developed for cloning genes disrupted by plasmid insertions. after ligation to a tetracycline resistance cassette, fragments containing a bacterial origin of replication from the insertion are recovered in escherichia coli because they replicate autonomously. restriction enzymes for cloning are so chosen that the only legitimate two fragment ligation yielding tetr clones involves a fragment spanning the boundary of the insertion. replicon rescue was ... | 1996 | 8918819 |
| molecular analysis of the bvg-repressed urease of bordetella bronchiseptica. | bordetella bronchiseptica is a ureolytic mammalian respiratory pathogen. we have investigated the regulation of urease in b. bronchiseptica and the potential role of this enzyme in eukaryotic invasion and intracellular survival. our results indicate urease is a bordetella virulence repressed gene. urease activity in virulent b. bronchiseptica bb7865 is up-regulated from basal levels by 5 gl1 magnesium sulphate at 37 degrees c. at 30 degrees c, urease activity remained at basal levels, even in th ... | 1996 | 8938644 |
| molecular epidemiology of an outbreak of multidrug-resistant enterobacter aerogenes infections and in vivo emergence of imipenem resistance. | molecular typing was used to investigate an outbreak of infection caused by multidrug-resistant enterobacter aerogenes (mrea) susceptible only to gentamicin and imipenem in an intensive care unit (icu). over a 9-month period, ciprofloxacin-resistant e. aerogenes isolates were isolated from 34 patients, or 4.1% of icu admissions, compared with a baseline rate of 0.1% in the previous period (p < 0.001). infection developed in 15 (44%) patients. in vivo emergence of imipenem resistance (mic, 32 mic ... | 1997 | 8968898 |
| on the amine oxidases of klebsiella aerogenes strain w70. | klebsiella aerogenes w70 was reported previously to produce a membrane-associated tyramine oxidase (tyna) that did not act on 2-phenylethylamine. subsequently, a gene cloned from k. aerogenes w70 produced a soluble amine oxidase (maoa) that acted readily on 2-phenylethylamine and tyramine. this enzyme appeared to be equivalent to a 2-phenylethylamine oxidase of escherichia coli k-12 (maoa) but was assumed to be the originally described k. aerogenes w70 tyramine oxidase (tyna). however, as descri ... | 1997 | 8997710 |
| [antimicrobial activities of cefetamet against clinical isolates from urinary tract infection]. | in order to evaluate antimicrobial activity of cefetamet (cemt), minimum inhibitory concentrations (mics) of cemt and control drugs were determined against gram-negative rods mainly from complicated urinary tract infections examined in our laboratory from april to september of 1994. the results are summarized as follows; 1. the obtained strains were citrobacter diversus 20, citrobacter freundii 30, enterobacter aerogenes 20, enterobacter cloacae 30, serratia marcescens 30, proteus mirabilis 30, ... | 1996 | 9032594 |
| the nucleoside-specific tsx channel from the outer membrane of salmonella typhimurium, klebsiella pneumoniae and enterobacter aerogenes: functional characterization and dna sequence analysis of the tsx genes. | the escherichia coli tsx gene encodes an integral outer-membrane protein (tsx) that functions as a substrate-specific channel for deoxynucleosides and the antibiotic albicidin, and also serves as a receptor for bacteriophages and colicins. we cloned the structural genes of the tsx proteins from salmonella typhimurium, klebsiella pneumoniae and enterobacter aerogenes and expressed them in an e.coli tsx mutant. the heterologous tsx proteins fully substituted the e.coli tsx protein with respect to ... | 1997 | 9043137 |
| applications of pyrolysis mass spectrometry in studies on the mode of action of antimicrobial agents. | changes in overall cell composition during exposure to antimicrobial agents were investigated by pyrolysis mass spectrometry (py-ms) in parental (o+k+), k antigen deficient (o+k-), and o and k antigen deficient (o-k-) strains of klebsiella aerogenes nctc 5055. changes followed distinct patterns that correlated with mode of action: penicillin binding protein (pbp) 3 blockade (ceftazidime, piperacillin); pbp 2 blockade (imipenem); membrane disruption (colistin); bacteriostatic (chloramphenicol), a ... | 1997 | 9060164 |
| the responses of lucilia cuprina to odours from sheep, offal and bacterial cultures. | the responses of gravid female lucilia cuprina to odours from sheep urine, faeces and gut mucus, and to odours from liver/sodium sulphide mixtures was tested using a bioassay which measured the movement and probing response of walking flies. the same bioassay was used to test the response to odours from cultures of bacteria isolated from liver/sodium sulphide and liver/water mixtures. a significant movement towards odours from faeces, gut mucus and urine was observed. odours from cultures of the ... | 1997 | 9061678 |
| prevalence of outer membrane porin alteration in beta-lactam-antibiotic-resistant enterobacter aerogenes. | we evaluated the prevalence of impermeability as a mechanism associated with resistance against beta-lactam antibiotics in members of the family enterobacteriaceae. during a 1-year period, 80 strains were selected from 3,110 routinely isolated strains according to their noticeable cross-resistance pattern to cephalosporins. they were tested for (i) outer membrane nonspecific porins involved in the entry of small hydrophilic molecules; (ii) the mics of cefepime, cefotaxime, imipenem, and moxalact ... | 1996 | 9124854 |
| antibacterial activity of bms-180680, a new catechol-containing monobactam. | the in vitro activities of a new catechol-containing monobactam, bms-180680 (sq 84,100), were compared to those of aztreonam, ceftazidime, imipenem, piperacillin-tazobactam, ciprofloxacin, amikacin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. bms-180680 was often the most active compound against many species of the family enterobacteriaceae, with mics at which 90% of the isolates were inhibited (mic90s) of < or = 0.5 microg/ml for escherichia coli, klebsiella spp., citrobacter diversus, enterobacter aero ... | 1997 | 9145861 |
| comparison of axenic and monoxenic media for isolation of acanthamoeba. | acanthamoeba is a genus of ubiquitous, free-living amebae that can be difficult to isolate by standard microbiologic techniques. we retrospectively reviewed the laboratory records of patients with ocular acanthamoebic infection for the period from january 1973 to june 1996 and found that acanthamoeba isolates were recovered from 73, 71, and 70% of clinical specimens inoculated onto buffered charcoal-yeast extract agar (bcye), nonnutrient agar with live or dead escherichia coli, and tryptic soy a ... | 1997 | 9157153 |
| [role of hygiene and bacteriological laboratories in the management of an epidemic of enterobacter aerogenes multiresistant to antibiotics]. | we describe a multiresistant enterobacter aerogenes outbreak in an intensive care-unit. an epidemiology study based on phenotypic characters (species diagnosis and antibiotype) was completed by a genotypic study (pulsed field electrophoresis) to confirm bacterial clonality. the hygiene laboratory proposed numerous preventive measures to limit bacterial dispersion. we describe the role of bacteriologists, hygienists and medical staff to stop the bacterial dispersion. | 1997 | 9180966 |
| characteristics of the melibiose transporter and its primary structure in enterobacter aerogenes. | cells of enterobacter aerogenes can grow on melibiose as a sole source of carbon. this suggests the presence of melibiose operon in this organism. we found that e. aerogenes cells possess both alpha-galactosidase activity and melibiose transport activity, which were induced by melibiose. neither na+ nor li+ stimulated the melibiose transport. however, transport of methyl-beta-thiogalactoside (tmg) was stimulated by li+ but not by na+. these findings suggest that the major coupling cation for the ... | 1997 | 9188803 |
| diethylpyrocarbonate reactivity of klebsiella aerogenes urease: effect of ph and active site ligands on the rate of inactivation. | reaction of klebsiella aerogenes urease with diethylpyrocarbonate (dep) led to a pseudo-first-order loss of enzyme activity by a reaction that exhibited saturation kinetics. the rate of urease inactivation by dep decreased in the presence of active site ligands (urea, phosphate, and boric acid), consistent with the essential reactive residue being located proximal to the catalytic center. the ph dependence for the rate of inactivation indicated that the reactive residue possessed a pka of 6.5, i ... | 1993 | 8427633 |
| characterization of ureg, identification of a ured-uref-ureg complex, and evidence suggesting that a nucleotide-binding site in ureg is required for in vivo metallocenter assembly of klebsiella aerogenes urease. | in vivo urease metallocenter assembly in klebsiella aerogenes requires the presence of several accessory proteins (ured, uref, and ureg) and is further facilitated by uree. in this study, ureg was isolated and shown to be a monomer with an mr of 21,814 +/- 20 based on gel filtration chromatography and mass spectrometric results. although it contains a p-loop motif typically found in nucleotide-binding proteins, ureg did not bind or hydrolyze atp or gtp, and it exhibited no affinity for atp- and ... | 1997 | 9209019 |
| infectious crystalline keratopathy caused by gram-negative bacteria. | to identify the characteristics and outcomes of infectious crystalline keratopathy caused by gram-negative bacteria. | 1997 | 9222227 |
| enhancement of cyclodextrin production through use of debranching enzymes. | in the presence of a complexant and a debranching enzyme capable of cleaving alpha-(1-->6) linkages in alpha-d-glucans, bacillus mascerans cyclodextrin glucanotransferase (cgtase; ec 2.4.1.19) converted starch, maltodextrin and glycogen into cyclodextrin (cd) in yields higher than those obtainable in the absence of debranching enzyme. the extent of yield enhancement by pullulanase (ec 3.2.1.41; from enterobacter aerogenes) was dependent upon temperature, type of substrate (including source of st ... | 1997 | 9262003 |
| molecular epidemiology of an outbreak due to extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing enterobacteria in a french hospital. | between june 1992 and june 1993, 128 extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing enterobacteria (123 klebsiella pneumoniae, 3 escherichia coli, 1 enterobacter aerogenes, and 1 citrobacter diversus) were collected in a french university hospital. these isolates were recovered mainly from patients hospitalized in intensive care and neurosurgery units. the 128 strains were divided into 14 antibiotypes (atbs; atb1 to atb14); 102 of 103 nonredundant isolates were shown to produce an shv-4-related exte ... | 1997 | 9272388 |
| some pathogenic fungi involved in serious cases of urinary tract infections in nigeria. | three hundred early morning midstream urine samples collected from 200 females and 100 males between the ages of 20 and 60 years, suffering from urinary tract infections (uti) were studied to determine the etiologic agents. the caliberated loop-direct method used for culturing each sample on both bacterial and fungal media showed significant microbial growth in 117 of the 300 samples. bacteria were the sole agents of infection in 30% of the cases while pathogenic yeasts were the sole agents of i ... | 1997 | 9282508 |
| [emergence of enterobacter aerogenes strains producing derepressed cephalosporinase at chu in limoges: molecular epidemiology by the rapd technique]. | from the beginning of the year 1996, an increase of multiresistant enterobacter aerogenes isolates was observed. these strains overproduced their chromosomally cephalosporinase. from february to september 1996, we studied the genotypic diversity of multiresistant e. aerogenes isolates. fifty-seven strains were analysed with the rapd technique. these strains were isolated from 38 patients in 25 different units. these isolates were collected from urines (37), respiratory tracts (14) and wounds (6) ... | 1997 | 9296093 |
| [study of in vitro activity of 3 cephalosporins and their combination with 2 beta-lactamase inhibitors against 4 enterobacteria strains producing extended spectrum beta-lactamase]. | the in vitro antibacterial activity of cefotaxime, cefepime and cefpirome was evaluated alone and in association with two beta-lactamase inhibitors: clavulanic acid and sulbactam against 65 extended broad spectrum beta-lactamase producing enterobacteriaceae strains [klebsiella pneumoniae (35), proteus mirabilis (9), escherichia coli (11), enterobacter aerogenes (10)]. the lowest mics were observed for cefepime and cefpirome used alone. in association with inhibitors cefotaxime was less effective ... | 1997 | 9296097 |
| the structure of the cofactor-binding fragment of the lysr family member, cysb: a familiar fold with a surprising subunit arrangement. | cysb is a tetrameric protein of identical subunits (m(r) = 36,000) which controls the expression of genes associated with the biosynthesis of cysteine in bacteria. cysb is both an activator and a repressor of transcription whose activity is responsive to the inducer n-acetylserine; thiosulphate and sulphide act as anti-inducers. cysb is a member of the lysr family of prokaryotic transcriptional regulatory proteins which share sequence similarities over approximately 280 residues including a puta ... | 1997 | 9309218 |
| molecular epidemiology of acquisition of ceftazidime-resistant gram-negative bacilli in a nonoutbreak setting. | we prospectively studied the acquisition of ceftazidime-resistant gram-negative bacilli (caz-rgn) in two surgical intensive care units (sicu) during a nonoutbreak period. surveillance cultures were obtained from patients at the time of admission and serially thereafter. caz-rgn isolates were typed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge). three hundred and forty-three patients were enrolled from whom 1,621 baseline and follow-up cultures were obtained. the most common species isolated from pat ... | 1997 | 9316915 |
| inducible amp c beta-lactamase producing gram-negative bacilli from blood stream infections: frequency, antimicrobial susceptibility, and molecular epidemiology in a national surveillance program (scope). | a surveillance study of nosocomial blood stream infections [surveillance and control of pathogens of epidemiologic importance (scope)] was conducted during a 14-month period in 1995 to 1996 in approximately 50 american medical centers. among the 4725 blood stream infections, the etiologic agent was enterobacter spp. in 230, citrobacter freundii in 24, and serratia marcescens in 65. the vast majority of these isolates (89%) had been sent to the university of iowa including 198 enterobacter spp. ( ... | 1997 | 9327251 |
| [meropenem: microbiologic perspective]. | meropenem is a beta-lactamic carbapenem derived from thienamycin and is structurally characterized by the presence of a beta-methyl group in position c1 which confers stability to the molecule versus renal dehydropeptidase 1 (dhp-1), thereby making the coadministration of an enzyme inhibitor unnecessary. its esterochemical configuration of the lateral chain in c2 (dimethyl carbomoilpyrrolidenethium) increases the activity versus gram negative bacteria (enterobacteria and pseudomonas) and moreove ... | 1997 | 9410064 |
| aerosolized antibiotics in mechanically ventilated patients: delivery and response. | to determine whether aerosolized antibiotics can be delivered efficiently to the lower respiratory tract in mechanically ventilated patients and to define possible clinical responses to these agents. | 1998 | 9428540 |
| identification of a common structural motif in the disordered n-terminal region of bacterial flagellins--evidence for a new class of fibril-forming peptides. | flagellin proteins lacking the n- or c-terminus form polymers of reduced filament stability and straight morphology, in contrast to the coiled native flagella. in the present study, the n-terminal amino acid sequence of flagellins of the anaerobic beer spoilage bacteria pectinatus cerevisiiphilus and pectinatus frisingiensis as well as enterobacter aerogenes and pseudomonas sp. were determined. sequence similarity was revealed between these and the n-termini of all known eubacterial flagellins. ... | 1997 | 9431986 |
| occurrence of virulence-associated properties in enterobacter cloacae. | enterobacter cloacae is not a primary human pathogen but has been considered to be an important cause of nosocomial infections. even so, there are almost no reports on its ability to produce recognized virulence-associated properties. in this study, we show that most of the e. cloacae strains examined were resistant to serum bactericidal activity and were able to produce aerobactin and mannose-sensitive hemagglutinin, and all of them could adhere to and invade hep-2 cells. since e. cloacae is pa ... | 1998 | 9453621 |
| alanine catabolism in klebsiella aerogenes: molecular characterization of the dadab operon and its regulation by the nitrogen assimilation control protein. | klebsiella aerogenes strains with reduced levels of d-amino acid dehydrogenase not only fail to use alanine as a growth substrate but also become sensitive to alanine in minimal media supplemented with glucose and ammonium. the inability of these mutant strains to catabolize the alanine provided in the medium interferes with both pathways of glutamate production. alanine derepresses the nitrogen regulatory system (ntr), which in turn represses glutamate dehydrogenase, one pathway of glutamate pr ... | 1998 | 9457858 |
| genetic analysis, using p22 challenge phage, of the nitrogen activator protein dna-binding site in the klebsiella aerogenes put operon. | the nac gene product is a lysr regulatory protein required for nitrogen regulation of several operons from klebsiella aerogenes and escherichia coli. we used p22 challenge phage carrying the put control region from k. aerogenes to identify the nucleotide residues important for nitrogen assimilation control protein (nac) binding in vivo. mutations in an asymmetric 30-bp region prevented dna binding by nac. gel retardation experiments confirmed that nac specifically binds to this sequence in vitro ... | 1998 | 9457859 |