| the socio-economic impact of human salmonella enteritidis infection. | recent government and public concern about the recorded increase in human salmonellosis in the uk and abroad has stimulated investigations of both the causes and consequences of these infections. this paper discusses the framework for economic analysis of food-borne disease and problems associated with the estimation of costs. a brief review of the literature in this area is given and the results of a national study of the costs of human salmonellosis in england and wales are presented and used ... | 1994 | 8155469 |
| seroprevalence studies using a recombinant norwalk virus protein enzyme immunoassay. | a recombinant norwalk virus (nv) protein enzyme immunoassay was used to study the age of acquisition of nv igg in various populations. in london, england, there was little evidence of infection during the first 2 years of life. however, the prevalence of nv igg rose steadily throughout the period that children attend school, reaching a peak of 70% in the group aged 11-16 years. high levels of maternal antibody were detected in infants aged < 3 months. comparison of the acquisition of antibodies ... | 1994 | 8158109 |
| fettler's disease with smoke inhalation: particles within the lung. | in august 1985, a 72-year-old man died in the manchester air disaster. transmission electron microscopy of his lung tissue revealed not only inhaled smoke particles, but a large population of distinctive particles with different characteristics. these contain silicon and iron, as well as carbon and oxygen, and are thought to be related to his occupation as a fettler and to the extensive fibrosis seen on routine histology. | 1994 | 8159076 |
| genetic linkage of cone-rod retinal dystrophy to chromosome 19q and evidence for segregation distortion. | inherited retinal dystrophies are the most common cause of childhood blindness in the developed world. cone-rod retinal dystrophies are severe examples of this group of disorders. analysis of a large cone-rod dystrophy pedigree suggested that inheritance within the family was influenced by meiotic drive (p = 0.008), a rare segregation distortion in human genetics. two-point linkage analysis showed significant linkage with three markers mapping to chromosome 19q. multipoint analysis gave a maximu ... | 1994 | 8162077 |
| [the origin of modern pediatric nursing]. | the object of study of this investigations in the knowledge in pediatrics nursing from the institutionalization of the modern nursing beginning from the xix century. the knowledge in this study is considered as an instrument from which man apprehends his working object. from an historical perspective nursing is seen as a social articulated practice, as part of a collective process of works, whose purposes are: the control of the disease in the society, based on collective level and the recuperat ... | 1993 | 8165337 |
| salivary diagnosis of measles: a study of notified cases in the united kingdom, 1991-3. | to validate a method for salivary diagnosis of measles and to assess the diagnostic accuracy of notified cases of measles. | 1994 | 8167513 |
| british family heart study: its design and method, and prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors. family heart study group. | the aim of this paper is to describe the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in families screened systematically by nurses in british general practice, and in subgroups with reported hypertension, hypercholesterolaemia, diabetes and coronary heart disease. | 1994 | 8179948 |
| palaeoanthropology. time for boxgrove man. | | 1994 | 8183361 |
| a hominid tibia from middle pleistocene sediments at boxgrove, uk. | fossil hominids from the earlier middle pleistocene of europe are very rare and the mauer mandible is generally accepted as the most ancient, with an estimated age of 500 kyr. we report here on the discovery of a human tibia, in association with stone tools, from calcareous silts at the lower palaeolithic site of boxgrove, west sussex, uk (fig. 1). the silt units are correlated by mammalian biostratigraphy to an, as yet unnamed, major temperate stage or interglacial that immediately pre-dates th ... | 1994 | 8183368 |
| england's oldest human bone steps out. | | 1994 | 8191277 |
| sir henry thompson bt, the first english urologist. | sir henry thompson was a gifted victorian. as a surgeon he achieved early recognition by successfully removing king leopold of belgium's bladder stone where two other eminent surgeons had failed. he was undoubtedly the most famous surgeon of his age, a position he was to occupy for some 30 years. as well as professional eminence he achieved success in an extraordinarily wide range of endeavours. he was an accomplished artist, exhibiting 12 times at the royal academy, a connoisseur and collector ... | 1994 | 8199818 |
| what is vestibular papillomatosis? a study of its prevalence, aetiology and natural history. | to clarify the prevalence, aetiology, symptoms and natural history of vestibular papillomatosis. | 1993 | 8217979 |
| phialophora richardsiae endocarditis of aortic and mitral valves in a diabetic man with a porcine mitral valve. | we report a case of phialophora richardsiae endocarditis involving the aortic and a porcine mitral valve in a 52-year-old non-insulin dependent diabetic. mitral valve replacement had been performed 4 years earlier. we believe this to be the first case of phialophora richardsiae endocarditis to be reported. | 1993 | 8228299 |
| royal society of tropical medicine and hygiene meeting at manson house, london, 10 december 1992. george carmichael low frcp: twelfth president of the society and underrated pioneer of tropical medicine. | george carmichael low, like so many early pioneers of tropical medicine, had his origin(s) in scotland. following a distinguished undergraduate (and early postgraduate) career, he joined dr patrick manson at the newly established london school of tropical medicine in 1899. his first major contribution to the specialty (in 1900) was to demonstrate filariae in the proboscis sheath of mosquitoes which had been infected with filaria bancrofti in australia, using a technique recently learned in heide ... | 1993 | 8249057 |
| on historiography of eugenics by jonathan marks. | | 1993 | 8250055 |
| the role of a rapid diagnostic test (adenovirus immune dot-blot) in the control of an outbreak of adenovirus type 8 keratoconjunctivitis. | twenty-three patients were involved in an outbreak of adenovirus type 8 infection based at the manchester royal eye hospital in the spring of 1991. confirmation of adenovirus infection was by means of the immune dot-blot test (idbt) and virus culture, the latter, allowing serotype 8 to be identified as the cause. epidemiological tracing and limited restriction endonuclease analysis of the virus isolated suggest that 15 patients contracted the infection within the casualty department following at ... | 1993 | 8253218 |
| [the man behind the syndrome: sir heneage ogilvie. described colonic pseudo-obstruction]. | | 1993 | 8255137 |
| isolation of mycobacteria from patients seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) in south east england: 1984-92. | tuberculosis and other mycobacterial infections are well recognised complications of hiv infection and surveillance is thus required. | 1993 | 8256246 |
| prenatal exposure to influenza and the development of schizophrenia: is the effect confined to females? | the question of whether prenatal exposure to influenza epidemics is associated with an increased risk of later schizophrenia remains controversial. the authors examined this relationship, using data on the dates of birth and gender of 3,827 schizophrenic patients born in england and wales between 1938 and 1965 and first admitted to hospitals in the 1980s, the numbers of live births between 1938 and 1965, and the numbers of deaths attributed to influenza between 1937 and 1965. the analysis showed ... | 1994 | 8267108 |
| hippocampus minor and man's place in nature: a case study in the social construction of neuroanatomy. | in mid-19th century britain the possibility of evolution and particularly the evolution of man from apes was vigorously contested. among the leading antievolutionists was the celebrated anatomist and paleontologist richard owen and among the leading defenders of evolution was thomas henry huxley. the central dispute between them on human evolution was whether or not man's brain was fundamentally unique in having a hippocampus minor (known today as the calcar avis), a posterior horn in the latera ... | 1993 | 8269033 |
| prevalence of antibodies to human t cell leukaemia/lymphoma virus in blood donors in north london. | to determine the prevalence of antibodies to the human t cell leukaemia/lymphoma viruses (htlv-i and htlv-ii) in blood donors in north london in order to assess the economic impact and the logistic effects that routine screening would have on the blood supply. | 1993 | 8281054 |
| a comparison of sexual behaviour and risk behaviour for hiv infection between women in three clinical settings. | to compare sexual behaviour and hiv risk behaviour between women in three clinical settings and to investigate the effect of socio-economic status and ethnic origin upon these behaviours. | 1993 | 8282297 |
| students' knowledge and behavior concerning safer sex: a uk study. | most students in institutions of further and higher education in the northeast of england who responded to a 1989 survey dealing with sexual behavior and safer sex were heterosexual and had been sexually active or intended to have sexual intercourse. many students, however, believed that safer sex implied having no sex at all or were unaware of the role of nonpenetrative sex in preventing human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection. they did not use condoms, in spite of having positive attitude ... | 1993 | 8288835 |
| bulimia nervosa in the chinese. | typical dsm-iii-r bulimia nervosa with self-induced vomiting was found in 2 women of hong kong chinese origin and a chinese man from malaysia. all 3 cases had a family history of obesity. in 2 of the cases a period of weight gain and in the third case frank obesity preceded the onset of the eating disorder. cultural transition seemed to play an important part in the onset and maintenance of the eating disorder. | 1993 | 8293034 |
| genetic diversity of helicobacter pylori indexed with respect to clinical symptomatology, using a 16s rrna and a species-specific dna probe. | dna probes are described which identify group and fingerprint strains of the human gastric pathogen helicobacter pylori, on the basis of well-defined band homologies. a 544 bp internal fragment of the 16s ribosomal rna gene was generated by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) with primers derived from the escherichia coli rrna gene sequence. in genomic southern blots this probe detected restriction site variation around these loci, generating simple but strain-specific molecular fingerprints. a smal ... | 1993 | 8294306 |
| does prenatal influenza divert susceptible females from later affective psychosis to schizophrenia? | we examined the relationship between influenza epidemics and the number of schizophrenic and affective psychotic individuals born each month between 1938 and 1965 in england and wales. increased death rates from influenza were followed 5 months later by a significant increase in schizophrenic births and a concurrent fall in the number of births of affective psychotic individuals. when the sexes were examined separately, both the positive effect of influenza on schizophrenic births and its negati ... | 1993 | 8296576 |
| re-evaluation of a radiation protection cost benefit analysis study in brachytherapy. | cost benefit analysis has been in use for many years as a method for making a comparison between the costs of radiation protection and the benefits of reduced radiation exposure. it is advocated by the international commission on radiological protection (icrp) and the national radiological protection board (nrpb) has given more specific advice relating to the value of the man sv to be used in the calculation of cost benefit. the purpose of this study is to investigate the changes in the nrpb adv ... | 1994 | 8298876 |
| frederic wood jones' empathy with living creatures. | | 1993 | 8311817 |
| practice nurses: characteristics, workload and training needs. | this study set out to identify the present and future training needs of practice nurses in south west thames regional health authority and to examine these needs within the nurses' current and changing workloads and social, educational and occupational profiles. | 1994 | 8312031 |
| ["the man with the lantern". founding of the first children's home in england by dr. barnardo]. | | 1993 | 8319540 |
| professor sir robert macintosh, 1897-1989: personal reflections on a remarkable man and his career. | | 1993 | 8323886 |
| training in family planning. | in spite of extensive programmes for training in family planning and extensive services in contraception in the uk, the number of unplanned pregnancies has not decreased. on the contrary it is increasing. medical graduates are now educated in methods of contraception. there is an extensive programme for postgraduates, regulated by the joint committee on contraception (jcc), which is well integrated and co-ordinated. the provision of good training opportunities at a local level will be enhanced b ... | 1993 | 8324612 |
| the life and death of laboratory teaching of medical physiology: a personal narrative. part i. | part i of this essay sketches the history of laboratory teaching of medical physiology in england from the perspective of the author as a student at oxford from 1935 to 1938. the systematic laboratory teaching that began in the 1870s at university college london under william sharpey was carried to oxford, as well as to other english and scottish universities, by sharpey's junior colleagues. c. s. sherrington added mammalian experiments, and c. g. douglas and j. g. priestley added experiments on ... | 1993 | 8328553 |
| the 11-year cycle in human births. | the annual numbers of human births were analyzed with regard to an 11-year cycle. the annual values were obtained from seven different regions: australia, germany, england and wales, new zealand, japan, switzerland, and the usa. fifty-five annual values were obtained from each region for the years 1930 to 1984, comprising approximately five sunspot cycles. for each region the annual values were formed into 5 by 11 matrices; the eleven column means obtained were standardized, and plotted. a perio ... | 1993 | 8330943 |
| the polkinghorne report on fetal research: nice recommendations, shame about the reasoning. | in 1989, in the wake of the first operations to transplant fetal tissue into the brains of sufferers from parkinson's disease, the uk code of practice governing the use of the fetus for research was overhauled by an eminent committee under the chairmanship of the reverend dr john polkinghorne. the polkinghorne report has, however, attracted remarkably little comment or analysis. this paper is believed to be the first to subject it to sustained ethical and legal scrutiny. the author concludes tha ... | 1993 | 8331636 |
| ethics of research with psychiatric patients: principles, problems and the primary responsibilities of researchers. | in this paper some of the general issues surrounding recently published guidelines for the practice of research ethics committees are outlined, concentrating in particular on the difficulties raised by research with psychiatric patients. research is distinguished from ordinary clinical practice by the intention to advance knowledge. so defined, research with psychiatric patients should be governed by the same four principles as research with any other group--knowledge, necessity, benefit and con ... | 1993 | 8331643 |
| failure to transmit bovine spongiform encephalopathy to mice by feeding them with extraneural tissues of affected cattle. | single tissue pools of brain and five extraneural tissues were prepared from four clinical cases of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (bse) and fed to c57b1 and/or crh mice. the disease was transmitted only to c57b1 mice fed brain. intracerebral passages at 12 and 18 months of spleen and spinal cord homogenates from this group of mice to c57b1 mice resulted in reduced incubation periods. similar blind passages from all other groups failed to produce evidence of infection in a cumulative incubatio ... | 1993 | 8333115 |
| brucellosis: imported and laboratory-acquired cases, and an overview of treatment trials. | following the successful eradication of brucella abortus infection in cattle, human brucellosis in england and wales has become an uncommon imported disease. culture of the organism presents a major laboratory hazard, and difficulties in identification may occur using a biochemical test-strip method. an overview of recent treatment trials of brucellosis indicates that regimens combining streptomycin and doxycycline are associated with a higher success rate (judged by the frequency of treatment f ... | 1993 | 8337710 |
| prostitution and risk of hiv: male partners of female prostitutes. | to describe risk behaviours for infection with hiv in male sexual partners of female prostitutes. | 1993 | 8374418 |
| the million dollar man. resource implications for chronic munchausen's syndrome. | munchausen's syndrome in a man of subnormal intelligence is described. the case is unique for the extent of detailed, corroborated history. this man has been a voracious consumer of nhs and other services, and an estimate has been made of his cost to the health and prison services. the case raises various ethical, forensic, and resource issues. | 1993 | 8379972 |
| symptomatic epstein-barr virus infection and multiple sclerosis. | in a case-control study of 214 patients with multiple sclerosis, recall of infectious mononucleosis in subjects seropositive for epstein-barr viral capsid antigen was associated with a relative risk of 2.9 (95% ci 1.1 to 7.2). those who reported having infectious mononucleosis before the age of 18 years had a relative risk of multiple sclerosis of 7.9 (95% ci 1.7 to 37.9). the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis may involve an age-dependent host response to epstein-barr virus infection. | 1993 | 8382268 |
| comparative epidemiology of rotavirus, subgenus f (types 40 and 41) adenovirus and astrovirus gastroenteritis in children. | we report a 5 year prospective study of episodes of rotavirus, subgenus f adenovirus, and astrovirus gastroenteritis diagnosed by electron or immune electron microscopy in a single regional virology laboratory. of 1426 total infections, the numbers in each category were 1117 (78.3%), 254 (17.8%), and 20 (7.9%), respectively. using restriction endonuclease analysis or immune electron microscopy, all but 20 of the subgenus f adenovirus strains were classified as type 40 (n = 50) or type 41 (n = 18 ... | 1993 | 8385704 |
| some aspects of the monkey neurovirulence test used for the assessment of oral poliovirus vaccines. | twelve years of experience in three control laboratories with 8,000 macaca monkeys for the testing of 204 monovalent lots of the three types of oral poliovirus vaccine (opv), have shown that the new monkey neurovirulence test (mnvt) adopted by the world health organization (who) is a reproducible and sensitive assay likely to ensure the safety of this vaccine in humans. when the test vaccine and the appropriate homotypic reference vaccine were tested in a single group of monkeys, the concurrent ... | 1993 | 8388832 |
| human papillomaviruses, tumour suppressor genes and cervical cancer. | there is now a considerable body of evidence that links hpv infection with anogenital squamous carcinoma, particularly for specific 'high risk' hpv types (hpv16 and 18) and invasive carcinoma of the cervix. recent advances in the molecular study of these viruses have elucidated some potential mechanisms by which they may contribute to the development of these diseases. in this review we concentrate on the interactions of 2 of the hpv encoded proteins, e6 and e7, with cellular tumour suppressor g ... | 1993 | 8391853 |
| human papillomavirus dna in the urogenital tracts of men with genital dermatoses: evidence for multifocal infection. | in an attempt to assess the multifocal nature of anogenital hpv infection in men, skin biopsies, urethral swabs and urine specimens were obtained from 100 men with genital dermatoses. the specimens were examined for the presence of human papillomavirus (hpv) types 6, 11, 16, 18, 31 and 33 using the polymerase chain reaction and southern blotting techniques. hpv dna was detected in one or more specimens from 39 patients, that is 29 of 100 biopsy specimens, 21 (25%) of 85 urethral swab specimens a ... | 1993 | 8391854 |
| a clinico-pathological audit of opportunistic viral infections in hiv-infected patients. | to determine the prevalence of opportunistic viral infections in multiple tissues at postmortems of hiv-infected patients, and to relate these findings to their antemortem clinical course. | 1993 | 8395189 |
| complementary and conventional cancer care: the integration of two cultures. | there is now increasing evidence that many cancer patients are seeking unorthodox forms of support and treatment. these range from measures to enhance the quality of life, such as counselling and relaxation therapy, through to alternative cancer remedies, such as extreme diets with detoxification by coffee enemas. much of complementary care is provided outside the hospital setting, often without the knowledge of the health care professionals involved in a patient's treatment. the bristol cancer ... | 1993 | 8398918 |
| causes of weight loss in human immunodeficiency virus infection. | the medical records of all 420 patients attending an outpatient clinic between june 1990 and june 1991 were retrospectively reviewed for causes of weight loss. of the 121 (29%) patients who had lost weight, the majority had a clear contributing cause; opportunistic infections (n = 57), psychosocial factors (n = 20), drug related problems (n = 9). unexplained weight loss (n = 35) was more likely to have occurred in those patients with a better preserved immune system and most of these had symptom ... | 1993 | 8399506 |
| an in situ hybridization study of herpes simplex and epstein barr viruses in iga nephropathy and non-immune glomerulonephritis. | renal tissues from forty cases of iga nephropathy, 20 singapore and 20 british patients, and 38 patients with non-immune glomerulonephritis were studied by in situ hybridization using dna probes for the herpes simplex virus (hsv) and epstein barr virus (ebv). two singapore patients with iga nephropathy showed hsv antigens in the glomerular mesangium, with one of them having ebv coinfection. in the control non-immune glomerulonephritis cases, 4 patients had viral antigens; 2 with ebv, one with eb ... | 1993 | 8403567 |
| historical perspectives on law, medical malpractice, and the concept of negligence. | since the dawn of human history, the inherent morbidity and mortality of human beings has made the diagnosis and treatment of human disease a high-risk profession. the ancient risk of physical retribution against the physician has been replaced by the modern risk of economic indemnity or compensation. monetary settlements and awards are at times so huge that they may result in personal bankruptcy and professional disgrace. this article should not discourage health care providers from continuing ... | 1993 | 8404569 |
| a comparison of multiple drug resistance in salmonellas from humans and food animals in england and wales, 1981 and 1990. | for salmonella typhimurium from humans in england and wales, the incidence of multiple resistance more than doubled over the 8-year period 1981-8 and, over the next 2 years, increased by a further 7%. from 1981 to 1988 both resistance and multiple resistance also increased significantly in s. virchow and although multiple resistance did not increase over the next 2 years, the overall incidence of resistance has continued to rise. in 1990 the majority of s. typhimurium from cattle were multiply-r ... | 1993 | 8405147 |
| childhood cancer and paternal exposure to ionizing radiation: preliminary findings from the oxford survey of childhood cancers. | paternal occupational data already collected as part of the oxford survey of childhood cancers have been reviewed. information on occupations during or before the relevant pregnancy was sought for 15,279 children dying from cancer in england, wales, and scotland in the period 1953-81, and for an equal number of matched controls. estimates were made for paternal exposure to human-made external ionizing radiation in the six months before conception of the survey child--as judged from job histories ... | 1993 | 8427262 |
| alcohol-related offending in male special hospital patients. | in a sample of 61 male special hospital patients, 11 (18%) were identified as having alcohol-related problems prior to admission. ten of these alcohol-abusers were interviewed to gather further information about their drinking, offending, and the relationship between the two. alcohol abusers showed more serious criminality than non-abusers, having significantly more previous convictions and being responsible for a disproportionately high number of offences of murder and manslaughter. alcohol-rel ... | 1993 | 8429764 |
| managing change: the human aspects of the nhs. | whatever ministers actually decide about london following the tomlinson report, the changes are likely to be large-scale and affect many staff and patients. therefore how well those changes are handled becomes crucial to their success. the nhs has much to learn from other industries and organisations that have been through similar changes. firstly, there needs to be an overall strategy for the change, rather than individual units trying to manage their own parts of it in an ad hoc way. secondly, ... | 1993 | 8435612 |
| the prevalence of human retroviral infections in female patients attending a central london sexually transmitted disease clinic: 1985-1990. | to determine the prevalence of infection with hiv-1, hiv2, htlv-1 and htlv-2 in female attenders at a central london sexually transmitted disease clinic in an 8 week period in 1989-1990, and compare it with similar samples studied between 1985 and 1987. | 1993 | 8444479 |
| a latitudinal diversity gradient in virus infections in humans in england and wales. | this paper reports the presence of a latitudinal diversity gradient in reports of human viral infections in the various health regions of england and wales. the data used in this study are reports of the laboratory diagnosis of virus infections made to the public health laboratory service communicable disease surveillance centre. two indices of diversity were calculated from the data--fisher's and simpson's. both indices were shown to correlate with latitude but not longitude. possible mechanism ... | 1993 | 8449635 |
| a tribute to a marvellous man. | | 1993 | 8452794 |
| linkage analysis of early-onset breast and ovarian cancer families, with markers on the long arm of chromosome 17. | we have conducted linkage analysis in 16 breast cancer families, 13 of which are classified as site-specific breast cancer families and 3 of which are classified as breast-ovary families. linkage analysis has largely focused on a single extended breast-ovary family. analysis of all families combined shows significant evidence for linkage to 17q (lod = 3.63 at theta = .0, for linkage to nme1), confirming the observations of hall et al. and narod et al. many families were consistent with linkage, ... | 1993 | 8460643 |
| increasing human tooth length between birth and 5.4 years. | most previous studies of tooth development have used fractional stages of tooth formation to construct growth standards suitable for aging juvenile skeletal material. a simple alternative for determining dental age is to measure tooth length throughout development. in this study, data on tooth length development are presented from 63 individuals of known age at death, between birth and 5.4 years, from an archeological population recovered from the crypt of christ church, spitalfields, london. is ... | 1993 | 8460654 |
| [the man behind the syndrome: george f. still. the first professor of pediatrics]. | | 1993 | 8464295 |
| morse marred by the gas man. | | 1993 | 8472108 |
| a large outbreak of human salmonellosis traced to a local pig farm. | an outbreak of salmonella typhimurium definitive type (dt) 193 affecting 206 persons occurred in july and august 1989 in a small town in northern england. a descriptive study suggested that cold meats including pork from a butcher's shop in the town were vehicles of infection. an analytical study of a cohort attending a function in the town showed a significant association between illness and consumption of cold roast pork supplied by the butcher's shop (p = 0.00000004). s. typhimurium dt 193 wi ... | 1993 | 8472766 |
| human isolates of apramycin-resistant escherichia coli which contain the genes for the aac(3)iv enzyme. | gentamicin-resistant escherichia coli isolated at different periods from patients in two hospitals were tested for resistance to the aminoglycoside antibiotic apramycin. twenty-four of 93 (26%) gentamicin-resistant isolates collected from the royal liverpool hospital between 1981 and 1990 were resistant to apramycin. thirteen isolates were highly resistant to apramycin (minimal inhibitory concentration (mic) > or = 1024 micrograms/ml), were also resistant to gentamicin, netilmicin and tobramycin ... | 1993 | 8472768 |
| the seasonality of canine births and human campylobacteriosis: a hypothesis. | the seasonality of canine births was investigated using records from the kennel club and the breeding centre for the guide dogs for the blind association. in these populations a distinct seasonal pattern was found with a greater number of puppies being born in the summer months than the winter. the hypothesis that the greater number of puppies acquired as pets during the summer months may contribute to the seasonal rise in human campylobacter cases, seen at this time, is discussed. | 1993 | 8472770 |
| antenatal survey for the seroprevalence of htlv-1 infections in the west midlands, england. | the sera of 3522 women who attended an antenatal clinic in birmingham, england were tested anonymously for antibodies against htlv-1. samples from 5 women (0.14%) were positive, one serum showed indeterminate reactivity. two of the women (0.06%) were born in the west indies (of afro-caribbean ethnic origin), one (0.03%) in africa (of african ethnic origin), and three (0.09%) were white caucasian women born in the uk. thus, htlv-1 infection in pregnant women in the uk, though comparatively rare, ... | 1993 | 8472781 |
| colonization of broiler chickens by waterborne campylobacter jejuni. | chickens on a broiler farm in southern england were found to be colonized with campylobacter jejuni of a single serotype, lior 1 penner 4. the farm was the sole supplier of a local slaughterhouse associated with a campylobacter outbreak in 1984 caused by this serotype. the serotype persisted on the farm for at least 18 months after the outbreak; its prevalence in the human population served by the farm remained high until it disappeared from the farm in 1986. the possible sources and routes of t ... | 1993 | 8476300 |
| a regional experience of red cell aplasia. | the incidence and current management of red cell aplasia in children was determined from a retrospective survey of haematologists and paediatricians in the northern health region of england over a 7-year period. thirty-three children were diagnosed: 4 had diamond blackfan anaemia, 22 transient erythroblastopenia of childhood, and 7 parvovirus b19 aplasia, with annual incidences of 1, 5 and 2 per 1,000,000 children respectively. many were over-investigated. three with diamond blackfan anaemia wer ... | 1993 | 8482277 |
| immunisation against influenza among people aged over 65 living at home in leicestershire during winter 1991-2. | to assess the size of the elderly population for whom influenza vaccine is indicated and how many are vaccinated. | 1993 | 8490478 |
| helping disabled people--the user's view. | the main needs for most people with physical disabilities are housing and help with daily living. thus, many of them will find the new emphasis on social aspects of community care particularly relevant. peter swain is a disabled man who leads a project in east devon which ensures that disabled people have a voice in helping to shape the services they need. in this article he explains how the project, living options east devon, works and how the new legislation for community care might affect dis ... | 1993 | 8490483 |
| human uptake of 137cs in mutton. | the uptake of radiocesium from mutton contaminated by fallout from the chernobyl reactor accident has been studied in eight healthy male volunteers. each subject consumed, on adjacent days, two meals prepared from the mutton containing a total of 0.8 kbq 137cs. the elevation and subsequent decline in whole-body content were determined from body radioactivity measurements prior to the meals and at intervals up to 15 wk afterwards. clearance of 137cs between 1 and 15 wk showed a biological half-ti ... | 1993 | 8491615 |
| tuberculosis and hiv: estimates of the overlap in england and wales. | a study was designed to determine the extent of the interaction between tuberculosis and human immunodeficiency virus infection in england and wales. | 1993 | 8497815 |
| a university's contribution to occupational health. | the first chair of occupational health in the united kingdom was established by manchester university in 1945 and held by ronald lane, a consultant physician and experienced factor doctor. in his department, occupational medicine was taught as a clinical discipline to both undergraduates and postgraduates. research was based mostly on clinical observation of workpeople in the field or as hospital outpatients. although work has become less hazardous, with major risks like pneumoconiosis and lead ... | 1993 | 8507593 |
| partner notification for hiv infection in the united kingdom: a look back on seven years experience in newcastle upon tyne. | to examine the outcome of partner notification for hiv infection. | 1993 | 8509100 |
| how can we best prolong life? benefits of coronary risk factor reduction in non-diabetic and diabetic subjects. | to compare the theoretical benefits of different approaches to reduce risk factors for coronary heart disease in subjects at risk. | 1993 | 8518573 |
| a bacteriological survey of tuberculosis due to the human tubercle bacillus (mycobacterium tuberculosis) in south-east england: 1984-91. | the occurrence and nature of bacteriologically confirmed tuberculosis due to mycobacterium tuberculosis in south-east england in the period 1984-91 is reported and compared with the results of a study for 1977-83. registered new cases reached a low of 1028 in 1988 but increased to 1252 in 1991. this appeared to be due to a halt in the previous decline in new cases of european patients, a small increase in the number of indian subcontinent (isc) patients and an increase in patients from africa. a ... | 1993 | 8519326 |
| detection of the poor metabolizer-associated cyp2d6(d) gene deletion allele by long-pcr technology. | the cytochrome p450 enzyme debrisoquine 4-hydroxylase metabolizes many different classes of commonly used drugs, such as antidepressants and neuroleptics. deficient hydroxylation of debrisoquine, known as the poor metabolizer (pm) phenotype, affects 5-10% of caucasians and may lead to adverse reactions upon administration of drugs in standard doses. this autosomal recessive metabolic deficiency is caused by the possession of two pm-associated mutations in the human cyp2d6 gene locus coding for t ... | 1995 | 8528268 |
| lack of evidence for an association between the frequency of mutants or translocations in circulating lymphocytes and exposure to radon gas in the home. | radon measurements in the living room and main bedroom of 41 houses in the town of street, somerset, england have been made. exposure levels, weighted using the formula of the uk national radiological protection board, of 19-484 bq m-3 (about half > 100 bq m-3) were found. blood samples were obtained from a total of 66 occupants in these homes, and the frequency of genetic alterations in lymphocytes was estimated using two different end points. gene mutations at the hypoxanthine guanine phosphor ... | 1996 | 8532838 |
| acceptability of shared care for asymptomatic hiv-positive patients. | in britain, human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) disease has been seen as an illness requiring specialist hospital care at all times. however, as its chronic nature has become apparent, the possibiliity that it could be managed more cost effectively in primary care has been raised. this has led to increasing interest in 'shared care', that is, care which is shared between a general practitioner and a specialist according to clear protocols, for this group of patients. however, for 'shared care' to ... | 1995 | 8536834 |
| linkage study of the d5 dopamine receptor gene (drd5) in multiplex icelandic and english schizophrenia pedigrees. | the authors investigated the possibility that genetic variation or mutation of the dopamine d5 receptor gene might modify susceptibility to schizophrenia. | 1996 | 8540565 |
| borrelia burgdorferi infection in uk horses. | antibody levels (igg and igm) to borrelia burgdorferi were measured in the sera and synovial fluids of uk horses. western blotting against b. burgdorferi was also used on samples from seropositive horses. a low incidence of seropositivity was shown in horses from most parts of the uk. this increased in areas that have a high incidence of human and canine borreliosis (norfolk and south coast). leptospira infections of horses did not cause cross reactions in the b. burgdorferi elisa. most horses d ... | 1994 | 8542836 |
| role of re-screening of cervical smears in internal quality control. | to investigate the use of rapid re-screening as a quality control method for previously screened cervical slides; to compare this method with 10% random re-screening and clinically indicated double screening. | 1995 | 8543619 |
| the development of healthcare services for drug misusers and prostitutes. | with the advent of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and the increase of drug misuse in the uk, the government wishes primary care to play a greater part in treating drug problems in the hope of preventing the spread of hiv. drug misusers do not avail themselves of traditional services and many are not registered with general practitioners. in response to this liverpool health authority and family health service authority commenced a new salaried post to provide primary care services to special ... | 1995 | 8545287 |
| conflicting attitudes to corneal and organ donation: a study of nurses' attitudes to organ donation. | the demand for transplantable organs and tissues is steadily increasing and action is necessary to improve the organ and tissue donation rates. previous research has suggested that nurses have a substantial influence on the rates of donation in the clinical area. nurses (n = 150) were asked to complete a number of measures to assess positive and negative attitudes towards cadaveric organ donation, with 112 (74.6%) responding. the findings identified conflicting attitudes particularly in relation ... | 1995 | 8550308 |
| influenza types and patient population. | | 1995 | 8551864 |
| influenza surveillance in england and wales: october 1994 to june 1995. | this report summarises the information obtained by surveillance of influenza in england and wales from october 1994 to june 1995 (weeks 40/94 to 25/95). influenza b viruses were responsible for most infections, with moderate activity occurring throughout the winter, peaking in february. influenza a became more active towards the end of the winter, and laboratory reports reached a peak in may (week 21/95). influenza activity was seen first in wales, then england, followed by scotland. an increase ... | 1995 | 8556105 |
| molecular re-investigation of patients with huntington's disease in wessex reveals a family with dentatorubral and pallidoluysian atrophy. | dentatorubral and pallidolysian atrophy (drpla), a neurological disorder thought to be rare in european populations, is caused by a triplet repeat expansion in the b37 gene on chromosome 12. this disorder can phenotypically mimic huntington's disease (hd) which is also caused by a repeat expansion. we have analysed 139 affected individuals for the hd triplet repeat expansion and found 132 patients had one normal and one expanded allele. two patients had an expansion on both chromosomes and five ... | 1996 | 8557266 |
| lung function in lancashire cotton and man made fibre spinning mill operatives. | this survey was conducted to investigate current lung function levels in operatives working with cotton and man made fibres. dust concentrations, smoking history, and occupational details were recorded so that factors influencing lung function could be identified. | 1996 | 8563857 |
| from the centers for disease control and prevention. update: influenza activity--1995-96 season. | | 1995 | 8568974 |
| respiratory syncytial virus activity and flu-like illness. | | 1996 | 8581119 |
| genetic studies on atopy and asthma in wessex. | | 1995 | 8590326 |
| evaluation of a breaking bad news course for medical students. | this paper presents the evaluation of a breaking bad news course run for three groups of medical students (fourth and fifth year from the london hospital medical college and fourth year from st bartholomew's hospital medical college). the course, which is student centred, uses group discussion, videotape presentations and role-play including actors. all teachers, clinicians and human science tutors, had been through a staff training programme on teaching methods. at the end of the course, studen ... | 1995 | 8594407 |
| control of hydatid disease in wales. | to evaluate the success of the south powys hydatid control programme by analysis of trends in cystic disease in humans and sheep and dog infestation. | 1996 | 8597734 |
| creutzfeldt-jakob disease and bovine spongiform encephalopathy. risk to human population is remote. | | 1996 | 8616366 |
| influenza 1995/96. | | 1996 | 8624553 |
| impact of influenza and respiratory syncytial virus on mortality in england and wales from january 1975 to december 1990. | the effects of influenza a and b and rsv on mortality in england and wales were assessed by regression analysis for the period 1975-90. morbidity data from sentinel practices were used to calculate 4-weekly rates of aggregated upper respiratory tract infections (urti); phls laboratory reports were used as indices of infection, and 4-weekly death rates from all causes, excluding childbirths, were used to study relationships with mortality. deaths correlated strongly with influenza a and b reports ... | 1996 | 8626004 |
| oral contraceptives and cervical cancer--further findings from the oxford family planning association contraceptive study. | in 1983, we reported results from the oxford family planning association contraceptive study regarding the association between oral contraceptives (ocs) and cervical neoplasia, after a 10 year follow-up of a cohort of 17,000 women. further findings from this study are reported here after an additional 12 years of follow-up. a nested case--control design was used in which cases were all women diagnosed under 45 years of age with invasive carcinoma (n = 33), carcinoma in situ (n = 121) or dysplasi ... | 1996 | 8630295 |
| affected sib-pair and mutation analyses of the high affinity ige receptor beta chain locus in italian families with atopic asthmatic children. | previous studies reported linkage between maternally inherited atopy and the beta subunit of the high affinity ige receptor (fc epsilon ri-beta) located on chromosome 11q13. we have investigated 45 italian families with atopic asthmatic children, for a total of 213 subjects, including 148 patients. genotyping was carried out with two microsatellite dna markers: one (fc epsilon ri-beta ca) located inside the gene, and one (ci11-319 ca) closely linked to it. affected sib-pair analysis in families ... | 1996 | 8630620 |
| frequency of ki-ras mutations and dna alkylation in colorectal tissue from individuals living in manchester. | most human colorectal cancers arise through the accumulation of a series of genetic alterations such as point mutations within the ki-ras and p53 genes, but the chemical carcinogens that may be implicated in these events are still unidentified. in a previous study, we showed that dna from human colorectal tissue contained o6-methyldeoxyguanosine (o6-medg), a promutagenic lesion arising from exposure to as yet unidentified methylating agents. to address whether such exposure may result in oncogen ... | 1996 | 8634090 |
| costs and cost effectiveness of cardiovascular screening and intervention: the british family heart study. | to measure costs and cost effectiveness of the british family heart study cardiovascular screening and intervention programme. | 1996 | 8634617 |
| practices and policies for influenza immunization in old people's homes in nottingham (uk) during the 1992-1993 season: potential for improvement. | the elderly residents of nursing and old people's homes are at substantially increased risk from influenza and its complications. annual vaccination is therefore strongly recommended by the uk departments of health. however, few data exist on the uptake of influenza vaccine in this setting; this was last estimated to be 45 percent in 1988-1989. a major epidemic of influenza a occurred in 1989-1990 which may have changed vaccination behaviours. | 1995 | 8639337 |