| human cytomegalovirus, human herpesvirus-6 and human herpesvirus-7 in neutropenic patients with fever of unknown origin. | to investigate the appearance of cytomegalovirus (cmv) dna, human herpesvirus-6 (hhv-6) dna and human herpesvirus-7 (hhv-7) dna in plasma as a sign of reactivation and possible causes of fever of unknown origin (fuo) during neutropenia. | 2003 | 12925104 |
| cytomegalovirus and epstein-barr virus are associated with symptomatic periapical pathosis. | recent studies have identified human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) and epstein-barr virus (ebv) in symptomatic periapical lesions. little information exists on hcmv and ebv in asymptomatic periapical lesions. | 2003 | 12930527 |
| transactivation of a viral target gene by herpes simplex virus icp27 is posttranscriptional and does not require the endogenous promoter or polyadenylation site. | icp27 is an essential herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) immediate-early protein that stimulates viral mrna expression from many viral delayed-early and late genes during infection. one hsv-1 late gene which is highly dependent on icp27 during infection is that encoding the glycoprotein c (gc). here we report that the gc gene is specifically transactivated by icp27 in transfected vero cells. using various gc plasmid constructs, we show that icp27's stimulatory effects are independent of the gc ... | 2003 | 12941897 |
| engineering of rnase p ribozyme for gene-targeting applications. | ribonuclease p (rnase p) is a ubiquitous ribonucleoprotein complex responsible for the biosynthesis of trna. this enzyme from escherichia coli contains a catalytic rna subunit (m1 ribozyme) and a protein subunit (c5 cofactor). m1 ribozyme cleaves an rna helix that resembles the acceptor stem and t-stem structure of its natural trna substrate. when covalently linked with a guide sequence, m1 rna can be engineered into a sequence-specific endonuclease, m1gs ribozyme, which can cleave any target rn ... | 2003 | 12957377 |
| early identification of human cytomegalovirus strains by the shell vial assay is prevented by a novel amino acid substitution in ul123 ie1 gene product. | | 2003 | 12958307 |
| mapping ganciclovir resistance in the human herpesvirus-6 u69 protein kinase. | human herpesvirus-6 (hhv-6) is a growing concern in immunocompromised individuals, such as in the transplant setting. alone, or in concert with human cytomegalovirus (hcmv), infections with hhv-6 are often severe enough to require antiviral therapy, generally in the form of ganciclovir (gcv). gcv resistance in hcmv is well documented, both clinically and in the laboratory, and has been shown to result from mutations in the ul97 protein kinase and/or ul54 dna polymerase. gcv resistance in hhv-6 h ... | 2003 | 12966551 |
| dislocation of a type i membrane protein requires interactions between membrane-spanning segments within the lipid bilayer. | the human cytomegalovirus gene product us11 causes rapid degradation of class i major histocompatibility complex (mhci) heavy chains by inducing their dislocation from the endoplasmic reticulum (er) and subsequent degradation by the proteasome. this set of reactions resembles the endogenous cellular quality control pathway that removes misfolded or unassembled proteins from the er. we show that the transmembrane domain (tmd) of us11 is essential for mhci heavy chain dislocation, but dispensable ... | 2003 | 12972557 |
| human cytomegalovirus. assay by counting infected cells. | | 1963 | 13949074 |
| opportunistic infections. human cytomegalovirus infection. | | 1965 | 14283887 |
| human cytomegalovirus inhibits differentiation of monocytes into dendritic cells with the consequence of depressed immunological functions. | human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) infections in immunocompromised patients are associated with impaired immunological functions. blood monocytes, which can differentiate into dendritic cells upon cytokine stimulation, play a central role in adequate immune reactivity and are believed to carry latent hcmv. we demonstrate here that hcmv infection of monocytes results in a block in the cytokine-induced differentiation of monocytes into functionally active cd1a-positive dendritic cells, which exhibited s ... | 2003 | 14512544 |
| role of pacs-1 in trafficking of human cytomegalovirus glycoprotein b and virus production. | the final envelopment of herpesviruses during assembly of new virions is thought to occur by the budding of core viral particles into a late secretory pathway organelle, the trans-golgi network (tgn), or an associated endosomal compartment. several herpesvirus envelope glycoproteins have been previously shown to localize to the tgn when expressed independently from other viral proteins. in at least some cases this tgn localization has been shown to be dependent on clusters of acidic residues wit ... | 2003 | 14512558 |
| co-detection and discrimination of six human herpesviruses by multiplex pcr-elaha. | herpesviruses are a significant cause of human morbidity. traditional approaches to the identification of these viruses require infectious or at least antigenic virus. multiplex pcr (mpcr) is capable of simultaneously amplifying a range of targets from a single preparation of nucleic acids and when combined with a suitable detection assay, it is capable of discriminating each of the amplicons. | 2003 | 14522068 |
| frequency of human cytomegalovirus-specific t cells during pregnancy determined by intracellular cytokine staining. | the characteristics of cytomegalovirus (cmv)-specific t-cell immunity was investigated in pregnant women with primary, latent, or reactivated cmv infection, and in a comparative group of non-pregnant women. forty-six pregnant and 8 non-pregnant women were examined based on the presence of serum antibody activity against cmv and viral excretion in urine. the frequency of cmv-specific cd4(+) t cells in peripheral blood lymphocytes was determined by staining for intracellular cytokines, interferon ... | 2003 | 14556265 |
| resistance of human cytomegalovirus to d- and l-ribosyl benzimidazoles as a tool to identify potential targets for antiviral drugs. | | 2003 | 14565505 |
| synthesis and antiviral activities of 3-aralkylthiomethylimidazo[1,2-b]pyridazine derivatives. | the synthesis of novel substituted 3-aralkylthiomethylimidazo[1,2-b]pyridazines is reported. all of the synthesized compounds are devoid of antiviral activity against the replication of human immunodeficiency virus. however, compounds 6-chloro-8-methyl-3-phenethylthioimidazo[1,2-b]pyridazine and 6-chloro-2-methyl-3-phenethylthioimidazo[1,2-b]pyridazine are potent inhibitors of the replication of human cytomegalovirus in vitro, while compounds 6-chloro-2-methyl-3-benzylthiomethylimidazo[1,2-b]pyr ... | 2003 | 14582846 |
| decreased serum level of antibody against human cytomegalovirus in patients with behçet's disease. | behçet's disease (bd) is a connective tissue disorder characterized by recurrent orogenital ulcer, uveitis, and skin lesions. recurrent aphthous ulcer is associated with human cytomegalovirus (hcmv). to investigate the possible role of hcmv in bd, we measured the titers of igg, igm, and iga anti-hcmv antibodies in 73 korean patients with bd, 50 with scleroderma, 70 with systemic lupus erythematosus, and 50 from healthy controls by indirect immunofluorescent staining. the titer of igg anti-hcmv a ... | 2005 | 14600786 |
| design and synthesis of acyclic nucleoside analogs with chlorinated imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine bases. | a series of acyclic c-nucleoside analogs of 2,6-dichloro- and 2,6,7-trichloroimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine were synthesized and tested for antiviral activity. the appropriate hydroxymethyl-substituted heterocycles were treated successively with thionyl chloride, an appropriate nucleophile, then diisopropylethylamine to obtain the desired acyclic nucleoside analogs. these compounds were evaluated for activity against human cytomegalovirus and herpes simplex virus, type 1. two of the dichloro analogs, bu ... | 2003 | 14609230 |
| plasmid dna encoding antigens of infectious bursal disease viruses induce protective immune responses in chickens: factors influencing efficacy. | the complete polyprotein (vp2/4/3) and vp2 genes of two infectious bursal disease viruses (ibdvs) (one attenuated strain jd1 and one virulent strain zj2000) were amplified by long and accurate polymerase chain reaction (la-pcr), cloned, sequenced and inserted into plasmids pci and pcdna3 under the control of human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) immediate early enhancer and promoter. a series of dna vaccine preparations were made using liposome as the adjuvant to examine their immunogenicity. although vp ... | 2003 | 14609631 |
| interactions between human cytomegalovirus ie1-72 and cellular p107: functional domains and mechanisms of up-regulation of cyclin e/cdk2 kinase activity. | previous work has demonstrated that the human cytomegalovirus ie1-72 protein is able to bind to the n terminus of p107, and ie1-72 alone is sufficient for alleviation of p107-mediated cell growth suppression. however, the mechanism of this alleviation is unclear. here, we show that ie1-72 can alleviate p107 inhibition of cyclin e/cdk2 kinase activity. we cotransfected various ie1-72 and p107 constructs into c33a cells and demonstrated that ie1-72 could activate the kinase activity of cyclin e/cd ... | 2003 | 14610188 |
| functional profiling of a human cytomegalovirus genome. | human cytomegalovirus (hcmv), a ubiquitous herpesvirus, causes a lifelong subclinical infection in healthy adults but leads to significant morbidity and mortality in neonates and immunocompromised individuals. its ability to grow in different cell types is responsible for hcmv-associated diseases, including mental retardation and retinitis, and vascular disorders. to globally assess viral gene function for replication in cells, we determined the genomic sequence of a bacterial artificial chromos ... | 2003 | 14623981 |
| human cytomegalovirus proteins pp65 and iep72 are targeted to distinct compartments in nuclei and nuclear matrices of infected human embryo fibroblasts. | the cellular distribution of the human cytomegalovirus (hcmv)-specific ul83 phosphoprotein (pp65) and ul123 immediate-early protein (iep72) in lytically infected human embryo fibroblasts was studied by means of indirect immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy. both proteins were found to have a nuclear localization, but they were concentrated in different compartments within the nuclei. the pp65 was located predominantly in the nucleoli; this was already evident with the parental viral protei ... | 2003 | 14624464 |
| in vitro model for the study of the dissociation of increasing antigenemia and decreasing dnaemia and viremia during treatment of human cytomegalovirus infection with ganciclovir in transplant recipients. | the paradox phenomenon (i.e., the dissociation of increasing antigenemia and decreasing dnaemia and viremia) that occurs during treatment of human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) infections with ganciclovir (gcv), in transplant recipients, was investigated by use of an in vitro model for the study of interactions between polymorphonuclear leukocytes and endothelial cells. the paradox phenomenon was reproduced in vitro in the presence of gcv and, to a much lesser extent, in the presence of cidofovir, but ... | 2003 | 14639533 |
| deletion of the non-essential ul0 gene of infectious laryngotracheitis (ilt) virus leads to attenuation in chickens, and ul0 mutants expressing influenza virus haemagglutinin (h7) protect against ilt and fowl plague. | infectious laryngotracheitis virus (iltv), a member of the alphaherpesvirinae, possesses several unique genes. one of them, ul0, encodes an abundantly expressed protein that accumulates in the nuclei of iltv-infected cells. this study demonstrates that this protein is dispensable for in vitro virus replication and that ul0 deletion mutants exhibit only minor growth defects in cultured cells. the ul0 gene locus of iltv was also used for insertion of foreign dna sequences encoding enhanced gfp or ... | 2003 | 14645915 |
| the human cytomegalovirus ul45 gene product is a late, virion-associated protein and influences virus growth at low multiplicities of infection. | human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) encodes a protein related to the large (r1) subunit of ribonucleotide reductase (rr), but does not encode the corresponding small (r2) subunit. the r1 homologue, ul45, lacks many catalytic residues, and its impact on deoxyribonucleotide (dntp) production remains unknown. here, ul45 is shown to accumulate at late stages of infection and to be a virion tegument protein. to study ul45 function in its genome context, ul45 was disrupted by transposon insertion. the ul45-k ... | 2003 | 14645917 |
| [quantitative determination of cmv-dna in saliva of patients with bone marrow and stem cell transplantation using taqman-pcr]. | human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) infection is associated with severe and life-threatening diseases in immunocompromised patients, especially after bone marrow (bm) and stem cell (sc) transplantation. prior to transplantation the potential risk of hcmv disease is therefore determined by hcmv-antibody blood testing of transplant donor (d) and recipient (r). virus carriers are positive for anti-cmv-igg. virus patterns are distinguished as follows: group 1 (d+/r+), group 2 (d-/r+), group 3 (d+/r-), and ... | 2003 | 14648253 |
| one-tube semi-nested pcr-elisa for the detection of human cytomegalovirus dna sequences; comparison with hybridization-based and semi-nested-based pcr-elisa procedures. | amplification of dna targets by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) followed by their colorimetric detection in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) is increasingly used in both immunological research and clinical practice. several methods for the labeling and detection of amplified dna sequences have been previously described. in this study, we compared the conventional hybridization-based pcr-elisa with a modified semi-nested and one-tube semi-nested pcr-elisa for the detection of human cy ... | 2003 | 14659908 |
| human cytomegalovirus-encoded us2 differentially affects surface expression of mhc class i locus products and targets membrane-bound, but not soluble hla-g1 for degradation. | human cmv (hcmv) can elude ctl as well as nk cells by modulating surface expression of mhc class i molecules. this strategy would be most efficient if the virus would selectively down-regulate viral ag-presenting alleles, while at the same time preserving other alleles to act as inhibitors of nk cell activation. we focused on the hcmv unique short (us) region encoded protein us2, which binds to newly synthesized mhc class i h chains and supports their dislocation to the cytosol for subsequent de ... | 2003 | 14662880 |
| effective suppression of class i major histocompatibility complex expression by the us11 or icp47 genes can be limited by cell type or interferon-gamma exposure. | an impediment encountered in many viral-based gene therapy clinical trials has been the rapid destruction of the transgene by the host's immune response. the processing and presentation of antigens through the class i major histocompatibility complex (mhc) pathway is the initial specific response to viral infection. disruption of the class i mhc pathway by herpes simplex virus (hsv) or the human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) results in a decrease of the cd8(+) cytotoxic t lymphocyte (ctl) response and ... | 2003 | 14670127 |
| rick activates a nf-kappab-dependent anti-human cytomegalovirus response. | the adapter kinase receptor interacting protein-like interacting caspase-like apoptosis regulatory protein kinase (rick, also called rip2 and cardiak) was found to be elevated at both the protein and rna levels during human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) replication, suggesting either that the virus may require rick for replication or that rick is part of an unsuccessful host attempt to inhibit hcmv replication. it is demonstrated here that forced expression of rick in either a kinase active or inactive ... | 2004 | 14670961 |
| evasion of cellular antiviral responses by human cytomegalovirus trs1 and irs1. | during infection with human cytomegalovirus (hcmv), cellular protein synthesis continues even as viral proteins are being synthesized in abundance. thus, hcmv may have a mechanism for counteracting host cell antiviral pathways that act by shutting off translation. consistent with this view, hcmv infection of human fibroblasts rescues the replication of a vaccinia virus mutant lacking the double-stranded rna-binding protein gene e3l (vvdeltae3l). hcmv also prevents the phosphorylation of the euka ... | 2004 | 14671101 |
| functional dissection of the transmembrane domains of the transporter associated with antigen processing (tap). | the transporter associated with antigen processing (tap1/2) translocates cytosolic peptides of proteasomal degradation into the endoplasmic reticulum (er) lumen. a peptide-loading complex of tapasin, major histocompatibility complex class i, and several auxiliary factors is assembled at the transporter to optimize antigen display to cytotoxic t-lymphocytes at the cell surface. the heterodimeric tap complex has unique n-terminal domains in addition to a 6 + 6-transmembrane segment core common to ... | 2004 | 14679198 |
| synthesis and antiviral activity of 1,3-disubstituted uracils against hiv-1 and hcmv. | the development of new non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (nnrtis) is an efficient strategy for finding new therapeutic agents against human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). a large number of 6-substituted uracil derivatives have been prepared in order to explore new nnrtis. however, there are few approaches to anti-hiv agents from 1,3-disubstituted uracil derivatives. therefore, we tried to prepare several 1,3-disubstituted uracils, which were easily obtainable from uracil by preparat ... | 2003 | 14694990 |
| human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) ie1 plays role in resistance to apoptosis with etoposide in cancer cell line by cdk2 accumulation. | human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) has many strategies to survive the attack of the host. hcmv infection of host cells induces cellular activation and disturbance of the cell cycle. it is possible that hcmv modulates the behavior of certain cancer cells that are susceptible to hcmv infection. this study was performed to identify the possible mechanism of resistance to apoptotic stimuli in some cancer cell lines by hcmv infection. hcmv-infected cancer cells showed resistance to apoptosis induced by the ... | 2003 | 14695446 |
| synthesis and antiviral activity of 2-substituted analogs of triciribine. | triciribine (tcn) and triciribine monophosphate (tcn-p) have antiviral and antineoplastic activity at low or submicromolar concentrations. in an effort to improve and better understand this activity, we have conducted a structure-activity relationship study to explore the effect of substitutions at the 2-position of triciribine. 2-methyl- (2-me-tcn), 2-ethyl- (2-et-tcn), 2-phenyl- (2-ph-tcn), 2-chloro- (2-cl-tcn), and 2-aminotriciribine (2-nh2-tcn) were designed and synthesized to determine the ... | 2003 | 14714765 |
| multiple modifications allow high-titer production of retroviral vectors carrying heterologous regulatory elements. | tumor-specific expression of therapeutic genes is a prerequisite in many approaches to retrovirus-mediated cancer gene therapy. however, tissue specificity is often associated with a reduction in viral titer. to overcome this problem, we constructed a series of murine leukemia virus (mlv)-based retroviral promoter conversion (procon) vectors carrying either the simian virus 40 poly(a) signal trimer (3pa) inserted in the 3' long terminal repeat (ltr) of these vectors or the human cytomegalovirus ... | 2004 | 14722293 |
| a novel viral transcript with homology to human interleukin-10 is expressed during latent human cytomegalovirus infection. | human cytomegalovirus (cmv) establishes latent infections in hematopoietic cells such as granulocyte-macrophage progenitors (gm-ps). during latency the virus is sequestered in a nonreplicating state, although limited transcriptional activity has been previously reported. in this study we sought to further examine viral gene expression during the latent phase of infection. using an experimental model of latency, primary human gm-ps were latently infected with cmv strain toledo and extracted rna s ... | 2004 | 14722299 |
| avidity maturation following immunization with two human cytomegalovirus (cmv) vaccines: a live attenuated vaccine (towne) and a recombinant glycoprotein vaccine (gb/mf59). | two human cytomegalovirus (cmv) vaccines have been previously evaluated for their immunogenicity: a recombinant gb/mf59 vaccine and an attenuated strain of cmv (towne). in healthy adults, we measured the antibody avidity maturation indices that occurred after vaccination with each. for towne, administered as a single dose, the rise in igg antibody avidity to cmv glycoprotein gb occurred slowly and continued for 24 months post-immunization. for gb/mf59, administered as two priming doses and a boo ... | 2003 | 14733736 |
| human cytomegalovirus inhibits tapasin-dependent peptide loading and optimization of the mhc class i peptide cargo for immune evasion. | the immune evasion protein us3 of human cytomegalovirus binds to and arrests mhc class i molecules in the endoplasmic reticulum (er). however, substantial amounts of class i molecules still escape us3-mediated er retention, suggesting that not all class i alleles are affected equally by us3. here, we identify tapasin inhibition as the mechanism of mhc retention by us3. us3 directly binds tapasin and inhibits tapasin-dependent peptide loading, thereby preventing the optimization of the peptide re ... | 2004 | 14738766 |
| human cytomegalovirus double resistance in a donor-positive/recipient-negative lung transplant patient with an impaired cd4-mediated specific immune response. | emergence of human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) resistance to ganciclovir in solid-organ transplant recipients has been found to be mostly associated with primary hcmv infection. | 2004 | 14739146 |
| simian cytomegalovirus encodes five rapidly evolving chemokine receptor homologues. | many herpesviruses, poxviruses and retroviruses encode proteins related to chemokines and chemokine receptors. the first one discovered, us28 of human cytomegalovirus (hcmv), is a 7-transmembrane domain g protein-coupled chemokine receptor able to activate diverse cellular responses, including cell migration and gene expression. a related orf named us27 is adjacent to us28, but no functions have been defined yet. recently orfs 3-7, a cluster of five concatenated orfs with highest homology to us2 ... | 2004 | 14739653 |
| enhanced cytomegalovirus infection in atherosclerotic human blood vessels. | human cytomegalovirus (cmv) is a possible co-factor in atherogenesis and vascular occlusion, but its ability to actively infect medium and large blood vessels is unclear. a vascular explant model was adapted to investigate cmv infection in human coronary artery, internal mammary artery (ima), and saphenous vein (sv). vascular explants were inoculated with cmv towne or low-passage clinical isolate and examined in situ for cmv cytopathic effect and immediate-early and early antigens, as indicators ... | 2004 | 14742264 |
| small internal deletions in the human cytomegalovirus ie2 gene result in nonviable recombinant viruses with differential defects in viral gene expression. | the human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) ie2 86-kda protein is a key viral transactivator and an important regulator of hcmv infections. we used the hcmv genome cloned as a bacterial artificial chromosome (bac) to construct four hcmv mutants with disruptions in regions of ie2 86 that are predicted to be important for its transactivation and autoregulatory functions. three of these mutants have mutations that remove amino acids 356 to 359, 427 to 435, and 505 to 511, which disrupts a region of ie2 86 imp ... | 2004 | 14747546 |
| [effect of human cytomegalovirus on hematopoietic system]. | to investigate the mechanism and the suppression effect of human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) on hematopoietic system. | 2003 | 14751047 |
| proteasome inhibitors: a novel tool to suppress human cytomegalovirus replication and virus-induced immune modulation. | recently, we like others, demonstrated that systemic inflammation is the most important mechanism involved in (re)activation of human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) in both immunocompetent patients. by in vitro studies the eukaryotic transcription factor nf-kappab could be identified as the key mediator of tnf-alpha- and ie1-dependent stimulation of the hcmv ie1/2 enhancer/promoter activity, which is crucial for initiation of viral gene expression during reactivation from latency as well as productive i ... | 2003 | 14760889 |
| human cytomegalovirus proteins pp65 and immediate early protein 1 are common targets for cd8+ t cell responses in children with congenital or postnatal human cytomegalovirus infection. | recombinant modified vaccinia ankara- and peptide-based ifn-gamma elispot assays were used to detect and measure human cmv (hcmv)-specific cd8(+) t cell responses to the pp65 (ul83) and immediate early protein 1 (ie1; ul123) gene products in 16 hcmv-infected infants and children. age at study ranged from birth to 2 years. hcmv-specific cd8(+) t cells were detected in 14 (88%) of 16 children at frequencies ranging from 60 to >2000 spots/million pbmc. responses were detected as early as 1 day of a ... | 2004 | 14764694 |
| multiple tissue transformation in adult zebrafish by gene gun bombardment and muscular injection of naked dna. | the efficiency of two direct gene transfer methods, gene gun (or particle bombardment) and intramuscular injection, in transforming adult zebrafish tissues in vivo was examined by a noninvasive approach using green fluorescent protein (gfp) reporter gene driven by the ubiquitously expressed human cytomegalovirus promoter. particle bombardment of adult zebrafish caused internalization and expression of the plasmid only in the superficial layer such as epithelial cells, pigment cells, endothelial ... | 2001 | 14961374 |
| infection of mature monocyte-derived dendritic cells with human cytomegalovirus inhibits stimulation of t-cell proliferation via the release of soluble cd83. | we have studied the mechanisms by which human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) infection of monocyte-derived dendritic cells (modcs) contribute to immune suppression. unlike infection of immature modcs, infection of mature modcs is not lytic and results in minimally decreased surface major histocompatibility complex (mhc) and costimulatory molecule expression. the presence of a small percentage of cmv-infected mature modcs, or the transfer of supernatant from infected modcs depleted of infectious virions, ... | 2004 | 14962896 |
| investigation of the susceptibility of human cell lines to bovine herpesvirus 4 infection: demonstration that human cells can support a nonpermissive persistent infection which protects them against tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced apoptosis. | bovine herpesvirus 4 (bohv-4) is a gammaherpesvirus that has a worldwide distribution in the population of cattle. many factors make human contamination by bohv-4 likely to occur. in this study, we performed in vitro experiments to assess the risk and the consequences of human infection by bohv-4. first, by using a recombinant bohv-4 strain expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein under the control of the human cytomegalovirus immediate-early gene promoter, we tested 21 human cell lines for ... | 2004 | 14963130 |
| the role of viruses in cardiac allograft vasculopathy. | considerable evidence suggests a role for viruses in transplant arteriosclerosis (ta), including observational data, experimental models and therapeutic trials implicating human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) in the progression to ta. in pediatric heart transplant patients, adenoviral genome in endomyocardial biopsies (emb) is an important predictor of ta and graft loss. during cmv viremia, embs from adult patients demonstrate endothelialitis and vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation. these changes ... | 2004 | 14974936 |
| glycoprotein gptrl10 of human cytomegalovirus is dispensable for virus replication in human fibroblasts. | human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) has a coding capacity for glycoproteins which by far exceeds that of other herpesviruses. few of these proteins have been characterized. glycoprotein gptrl10 represents a structural component of hcmv. the protein has no homologous counterparts in other herpesviruses. we have isolated bacterial artificial chromosomes (bacs) harboring the genome from the low passage clinical isolate pan and constructed a deletion mutant in reading frame trl10. our results show that del ... | 2004 | 14991439 |
| rapid detection of cytomegalovirus infection in transplant patients. | human cytomegalovirus (cmv) is a well-known cause of morbidity and mortality in transplantation patients. monitoring of cmv reactivation from latency is critical for these patients. the key to efficient and effective management of cmv infection is a test capable of rapidly monitoring and quantifying the presence of cmv in the blood. this is essential for the identification of subjects at high risk of developing cmv disease, for example, patients receiving steroid or immunosuppressive compounds f ... | 2004 | 14995909 |
| an anti-apoptotic viral protein that recruits bax to mitochondria. | the viral mitochondria-localized inhibitor of apoptosis (vmia), encoded by the ul37 gene of human cytomegalovirus, inhibits apoptosis-associated mitochondrial membrane permeabilization by a mechanism different from that of bcl-2. here we show that vmia induces several changes in bax that resemble those found in apoptotic cells yet take place in unstimulated, non-apoptotic vmia-expressing cells. these changes include the constitutive localization of bax at mitochondria, where it associates tightl ... | 2004 | 15004026 |
| nf-kappab- and c-jun-dependent regulation of human cytomegalovirus immediate-early gene enhancer/promoter in response to lipopolysaccharide and bacterial cpg-oligodeoxynucleotides in macrophage cell line raw 264.7. | the cytomegalovirus immediate-early (cmv ie) gene enhancer/promoter regulates the expression of immediate-early gene products and initiation of cmv replication. tnf-alpha and lipopolysaccharide (lps) strongly activate the promoter, possibly involving nf-kappab. cpg-oligodeoxynucleotides (cpg-odns), which contain unmethylated cpg dinucleotides in the context of particular base sequences, have gained attention because of their stimulating effects, via nf-kappab, which have a strong innate immune r ... | 2004 | 15009188 |
| rnase p-mediated inhibition of viral growth by exogenous administration of short oligonucleotide external guide sequence. | the use of external guide sequence (egs) in directing endogenous ribonuclease p (rnase p) for inhibition of viral propagation is described in this chapter, with an emphasis on chemically modified egss and their extracellular delivery. targeting of the mrna-encoding human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) protease by dna-based egss is presented as an example of how to design chemically modified egss for antiviral applications. general information about the egs-based technology is included, followed by detai ... | 2004 | 15017068 |
| discovery of a new family of inhibitors of human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) based upon lipophilic alkyl furano pyrimidine dideoxy nucleosides: action via a novel non-nucleosidic mechanism. | following our discovery of the potent anti-varicella zoster virus action of lipophilic alkyl furano pyrimidine 2'-deoxynucleosides, we now report that 2',3'-dideoxy sugar analogues are devoid of anti-vzv activity but are potent and selective inhibitors of human cytomegalovirus (hcmv). the present compounds are active in vitro at ca. 1 microm with cytotoxicity only above 200 microm. importantly, we have discovered that the new agents do not act as nucleoside analogues, despite their nucleosidic s ... | 2004 | 15027877 |
| induction of immunity against human cytomegalovirus. | most healthy individuals have been exposed to human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) and harbor the virus in a dormant form. however, in situations of immune compromise, hcmv infection is associated with high mortality rates in recipients of bone marrow transplants and with significant morbidity in recipients of solid organ transplants. conventional vaccination with attenuated hcmv or hcmv proteins fails to prime protective immune responses, presumably because the antigens fail to be presented effectively ... | 2004 | 15029400 |
| l-deaza-5'-noraisteromycin. | (+/-)-1-deazaaristeromycin (4) has been reported to be an inactivator of s-adenosylhomocysteine (adohcy) hydrolase and, as a consequence, to affect s-adenosylmethionine (adomet) mediated macromolecular biomethylations. to extend this to our program focused on 5'-noraristeromycin derivatives as inhibitors of the same hydrolase enzyme as potential antiviral agents, both enantiomers of 1-deaza-5'-noraristeromycin (5 and 20) have been prepared. compounds 5 and 20 were evaluated against the following ... | 2004 | 15043137 |
| phenotypic classification of human cd8+ t cells reflecting their function: inverse correlation between quantitative expression of cd27 and cytotoxic effector function. | phenotypic classification of human cd8(+) t cells using three cell surface markers, cd27, cd28 and cd45ra, was recently suggested to be useful for identification of naive, memory and effector cd8(+) t cells. however, it still remains unclear whether such classification precisely reflects functional classification of cd8(+) t cells. to clarify this, we characterized each cd27cd28cd45ra subset of total and human cytomegalovirus (hcmv)-specific cd8(+) t cells by analyzing the expression of perforin ... | 2004 | 15048710 |
| the occurrence of symptomatic cmv infections in heart transplant recipients. | human cytomegalovirus is widely spread in the human population and at present it is the most important clinical agent of opportunistic infections in immunocompromised patients. bone marrow transplant recipients, solid organ transplant recipients and aids patients are at risk of the development of a severe systemic disease. prompt detection of active infection is essential for early initiation of antiviral therapy. | 2003 | 15055732 |
| insights into the structure of human cytomegalovirus large terminase subunit pul56. | terminases are a class of proteins which catalyze the generation of unit-length genomes during dna packaging. these essential proteins are conserved throughout the herpesviruses and many double-stranded dna bacteriophages. we have determined the structure of the large terminase subunit pul56 of human cytomegalovirus, a highly pathogenic virus, to 2.6 nm resolution. image analysis of purified pul56 suggests that the molecule exists as a dimer formed by the association of two ring-like structures ... | 2004 | 15063737 |
| differential mutagen sensitivity of peripheral blood lymphocytes from smokers and nonsmokers: effect of human cytomegalovirus infection. | we used the mutagen sensitivity assay to test the hypothesis that human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) infection modifies the sensitivity of cells to genetic damage from genotoxic agents. chromosome aberration (ca) frequency in peripheral blood lymphocytes (pbls) from 20 smokers who were matched with 20 nonsmokers by age (+/- 5 years), sex, and ethnicity was evaluated following in vitro exposure to bleomycin and/or hcmv infection. bleomycin induced significant (p < 0.05) concentration-dependent increase ... | 2004 | 15065204 |
| discovery of a second form of tripartite complex containing gh-gl of human herpesvirus 6 and observations on cd46. | the human herpesvirus 6 (hhv-6) glycoprotein h (gh)-glycoprotein l (gl) complex associates with glycoprotein q (gq) (y. mori, p. akkapaiboon, x. yang, and k. yamanishi, j. virol. 77:2452-2458, 2003), and the gh-gl-gq complex interacts with human cd46 (y. mori, x. yang, p. akkapaiboon, t. okuno, and k. yamanishi, j. virol. 77:4992-4999, 2003). here, we show that the hhv-6 u47 gene, which is a positional homolog of the human cytomegalovirus glycoprotein o (go) gene, encodes a third component of th ... | 2004 | 15078943 |
| the use of clonal mrna as an antigenic format for the detection of antigen-specific t lymphocytes in ifn-gamma elispot assays. | most assay systems for the quantification of antigen-specific t-cell responses in infectious, malignant and autoimmune disease depend on the peptide antigen format and are therefore restricted to known epitopes and their presenting hla molecules. here we tested in elispot assays the application of in vitro-transcribed clonal mrna as an alternative antigen format covering all potential epitopes of a given antigen. as model antigens, we chose pp65 of human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) and human tyrosina ... | 2004 | 15099761 |
| genetic content of wild-type human cytomegalovirus. | the genetic content of wild-type human cytomegalovirus was investigated by sequencing the 235 645 bp genome of a low passage strain (merlin). substantial regions of the genome (genes rl1-ul11, ul105-ul112 and ul120-ul150) were also sequenced in several other strains, including two that had not been passaged in cell culture. comparative analyses, which employed the published genome sequence of a high passage strain (ad169), indicated that merlin accurately reflects the wild-type complement of 165 ... | 2004 | 15105547 |
| hcmv activates pi(3)k in monocytes and promotes monocyte motility and transendothelial migration in a pi(3)k-dependent manner. | human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised hosts. in immunocompetent hosts, hcmv is associated with chronic inflammatory diseases including atherosclerosis. monocytes and macrophages are proposed to play key roles in hcmv dissemination to host tissue, and their infection provides a biological link between the lifecycle of hcmv and disease pathology. we hypothesize that viral spread occurs via a mechanism in which infected peripheral blood mono ... | 2004 | 15107461 |
| a novel pattern of pp65-positive cytomegalic endothelial cells circulating in peripheral blood from a renal transplant recipient. | the present study reports a novel pattern of cytomegalic endothelial cells (cec) in peripheral blood from a female renal transplant recipient infected with human cytomegalovirus (hcmv), which has not been reported previously. localization of specific early antigen of hcmv, pp65 antigen, was examined by immunohistochemistry. staining of an endothelial cell marker (cd34) was used to characterize endothelial cells. it is demonstrated that many leukocytes surrounded and adhered to a protein-like mat ... | 2004 | 15147631 |
| induction of enhanced green fluorescent protein expression in response to lesions in the nervous system. | we have generated a mouse strain carrying a transgene driven by a strong and ubiquitous promoter (human cytomegalovirus hcmv/beta-actin) and containing an enhanced green fluorescent protein (egfp) coding sequence upstream of the 3' untranslated region (3'utr) of tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-pa) mrna. the 3'utr of t-pa mrna is known to be involved in the reversible deadenylation and translational repression of transcripts in mouse oocytes. hcmv/beta-actin-egfp-3'utr t-pa transgenic mice e ... | 2004 | 15156581 |
| protective immunity to siv challenge elicited by vaccination of macaques with multigenic dna vaccines producing virus-like particles. | we utilized siv(mne) infection of macaca fascicularis to assess the efficacy of dna vaccination alone, and as a priming agent in combination with subunit protein boosts. all siv(mne) structural and regulatory genes were expressed using the human cytomegalovirus immediate early-1 promoter in plasmids that directed the formation of virus-like particles in vitro. macaques (n = 4) were immunized intradermally and intramuscularly four times over 36 weeks with 3 mg plasmid dna. a second group (n = 4) ... | 2004 | 15157361 |
| ability of the human cytomegalovirus ie1 protein to modulate sumoylation of pml correlates with its functional activities in transcriptional regulation and infectivity in cultured fibroblast cells. | in one of the earliest events in human cytomegalovirus (hcmv)-infected cells, the major immediate-early (ie) protein ie1 initially targets to and then disrupts the nuclear structures known as pml oncogenic domains (pods) or nuclear domain 10. recent studies have suggested that modification of pml by sumo is essential to form pods and that ie1 both binds to pml and may disrupt pods by preventing or removing sumo adducts on pml. in this study, we showed that in contrast to herpes simplex virus typ ... | 2004 | 15163746 |
| clinically-based determination of safe dnaemia cutoff levels for preemptive therapy or human cytomegalovirus infections in solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients. | transplantation centers using human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) antigenemia-based preemptive therapy will need to replace in the near future the antigenemia assay with a more standardized and automatable assay, such as a molecular assay quantifying hcmv dna in blood (dnaemia). thus, in view of replacing antigenemia with clinically safe cutoff values, dnaemia levels corresponding to antigenemia cutoffs guiding hcmv preemptive therapy were determined retrospectively in solid organ and hematopoietic ste ... | 2004 | 15170637 |
| properties of cd4(+) t cells in human cytomegalovirus infection. | the correlates of protective immunity to disease-inducing viruses in man remain to be elucidated. we determined the kinetics and properties of cytomegalovirus (cmv)-specific cd4(+) t cells in healthy individuals and renal transplant recipients during different stages of cmv infection. our data reveal that circulating cmv-specific cd4(+) t cells displayed an effector-memory phenotype, and produced the t helper 1 cytokines interferon-gamma and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. in addition, they lacked ... | 2004 | 15172448 |
| augmentation of virus-specific immunity after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation by adoptive t-cell therapy. | adoptive transfer of virus-specific t cells offers the potential for accelerating reconstitution of antigen-specific immunity after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. however, the logistics of producing virus-specific t cells and the risk of inducing graft-versus-host disease has limited their application. we developed a relatively simple system employing cytomegalovirus lysate-pulsed, monocyte-derived dendritic cells as stimulator cells, requiring only a single blood draw from ... | 2004 | 15172456 |
| human cytomegalovirus-induced host cell enlargement is iron dependent. | a hallmark of human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) infection is the characteristic enlargement of the host cells (i.e., cytomegaly). because iron (fe) is required for cell growth and fe chelators inhibit viral replication, we investigated the effects of hcmv infection on fe homeostasis in mrc-5 fibroblasts. using the metallosensitive fluorophore calcein and the fe chelator salicylaldehyde isonicotinoyl hydrazone (sih), the labile iron pool (lip) in mock-infected cells was determined to be 1.04 +/- 0.05 ... | 2004 | 15175225 |
| phosphorylation of the rna polymerase ii carboxyl-terminal domain in human cytomegalovirus-infected cells and in vitro by the viral ul97 protein kinase. | the carboxyl-terminal domain (ctd) of the largest subunit of rna polymerase ii (rnap ii) ordinarily exists in electrophoretically distinct hypophosphorylated and hyperphosphorylated forms. human cytomegalovirus infection induced forms of this subunit whose electrophoretic mobilities were intermediate without decreases in abundance of the original forms. phosphatase treatment nearly eliminated the intermediate migrating forms. in vitro, the viral protein kinase, ul97, phosphorylated this subunit, ... | 2004 | 15183065 |
| mutations in the human cytomegalovirus ul27 gene that confer resistance to maribavir. | previous drug selection experiments resulted in the isolation of a human cytomegalovirus (cmv) ul97 phosphotransferase mutant resistant to the benzimidazole compound maribavir (1263w94), reflecting the anti-ul97 effect of this drug. three other cmv strains were plaque purified during these experiments. these strains showed lower-grade resistance to maribavir than the ul97 mutant. extensive dna sequence analyses showed no changes from the baseline strain ad169 in ul97, the genes involved in dna r ... | 2004 | 15194788 |
| cytomegalovirus infection in organ-transplant recipients: diagnostic value of pp65 antigen test, qualitative polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and quantitative taqman pcr. | the human cytomegalovirus (cmv) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in transplant patients. in this study, we compared the diagnostic value of pp65 antigen test, qualitative nested polymerase chain reaction (pcr), and quantitative taqman pcr in predicting the clinical outcome of cmv infection. | 2004 | 15201668 |
| herpesviral-bacterial interrelationships in aggressive periodontitis. | recent findings have begun to provide a basis for a causal link between herpesviruses and aggressive periodontitis. one theory is that herpesviruses cooperate with specific bacteria in the etiopathogenesis of the disease. this study examined whether the presence of herpesviruses [human cytomegalovirus (hcmv), epstein-barr virus (ebv) type 1, herpes simplex virus (hsv) type 1 and 2] is associated with the presence of putative pathogenic bacteria (porphyromonas gingivalis, prevotella intermedia, t ... | 2004 | 15206912 |
| clinical applications of real-time pcr for diagnosis and treatment of human cytomegalovirus infection in children. | there are many methods of detecting human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) infection. so far, the quantitative polymerase chain reaction (pcr) has been very useful not only in aiding in the diagnosis of hcmv but also in determining the severity and predicting hcmv infection. however, it is time-consuming and labor intensive. real-time pcr (rt-pcr) is an exception, for it allows rapid quantification of hcmv dna load. our group used this method for detecting and monitoring hcmv and compared it with the diag ... | 2004 | 15209952 |
| downregulation of the cellular adhesion molecule thy-1 (cd90) by cytomegalovirus infection of human fibroblasts. | the deregulation of cellular adhesion molecules by human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) appears to be correlated with the development of vascular disease. in this study, it was investigated whether the expression of thy-1 (cd90), a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily of adhesion molecules with constitutive expression on fibroblast cells, is modulated following infection with hcmv. it was observed that thy-1 cell surface expression decreased significantly during the course of infection. addition of ... | 2004 | 15218185 |
| detection of rna in purified cytomegalovirus virions. | five viral rna transcripts have recently been detected in purified virions of human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) strain ad169, a well-characterized member of the family herpesviridae [science 288 (2000) 2373]. while the function of these transcripts and/or the proteins they encode remains to be elucidated, it is not known whether these transcripts are unique to strain ad169 or are present in other hcmv strains. the objective of this study was to determine if these rnas are present in other hcmv labora ... | 2004 | 15246650 |
| analysis of splice variants of the immediate-early 1 region of human cytomegalovirus. | the major immediate-early (mie) gene of human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) produces multiple mrnas through differential splicing and polyadenylation. reverse transcriptase pcr was used to characterize transcripts from exons 1, 2, 3, and 4 (immediate-early 1 [ie1]). the expected ie72 and ie19 mrnas were detected, as well as two heretofore-uncharacterized transcripts designated ie17.5 and ie9. the ie72, ie19, and ie17.5 transcripts utilized the same 5'-splice site in exon 3. ie9 utilized a cryptic 5'-sp ... | 2004 | 15254190 |
| human cytomegalovirus-encoded g protein-coupled receptor us28 mediates smooth muscle cell migration through galpha12. | coupling of g proteins to ligand-engaged chemokine receptors is the paramount event in g-protein-coupled receptor signal transduction. previously, we have demonstrated that the human cytomegalovirus-encoded chemokine receptor us28 mediates human vascular smooth muscle cell (smc) migration in response to either rantes or monocyte chemoattractant protein 1. in this report, we identify the g proteins that couple with us28 to promote vascular smc migration and identify other signaling molecules that ... | 2004 | 15254210 |
| human cytomegalovirus persists in myeloid progenitors and is passed to the myeloid progeny in a latent form. | cd34+ progenitor cells can harbour latent human cytomegalovirus (hcmv); however, the mechanisms of hcmv latency remain unclear. we have investigated the effects of the haematopoietic lineage restriction on the establishment and spread of the latent hcmv to progeny cells. in vitro-infected and latently-infected haematopoietic progenitor cells derived from hcmv seropositive donors were studied. the presence of hcmv dna in bone marrow progenitor (bmp) cells was determined by single colony polymeras ... | 2004 | 15257715 |
| cytomegalovirus antiviral resistance associated with treatment induced ul97 (protein kinase) and ul54 (dna polymerase) mutations. | hcmv-related illness due to infections with antiviral resistant virus was verified by phenotypic and genotypic assays in 17% (8/47) of high-risk immunocompromised australian patients. selective pcr-sequencing of ul97 (protein kinase; pk) and ul54 (dna polymerase; dnapol) regions important for antiviral sensitivity, identified the majority (6/8) of resistant strains through detection of mutations known to confer antiviral resistance. additionally, eight ul54 (dnapol) mutations (n408k, t691s, a692 ... | 2004 | 15258973 |
| [possible damaging effect of human cytomegalovirus infection on the kidney in children]. | | 2004 | 15265427 |
| beta-lactams as versatile synthetic intermediates for the preparation of heterocycles of biological interest. | since the advent of penicillin, the beta-lactam antibiotics have been the subject of much discussion and investigation, within both the scientific and public sectors. the primary biological targets of the beta-lactam antibacterial drugs are the penicillin binding proteins, a group of transpeptidases anchored within the bacterial cellular membrane, which mediate the final step of cell wall biosynthesis. the extensive use of common beta-lactam antibiotics such as penicillins and cephalosporins in ... | 2004 | 15279574 |
| synthesis and antiviral evaluation of some novel tricyclic pyrazolo[3,4-b]indole nucleosides. | novel pyrazolo[3,4-b]indole nucleoside analogs were synthesized from the corresponding 3-formyl-2-chloroindole and 3-cyano-2-chloroindole nucleosides by treatment with hydrazine. very few examples of pyrazolo[3,4-b]indole heterocycles have been published in the literature and this is the first synthesis of nucleoside analogs containing this heterocycle. these new pyrazolo[3,4-b]indole nucleosides were active against human cytomegalovirus and herpes simplex virus type 1, but this activity was not ... | 2004 | 15281368 |
| differential down-modulation of hla-g and hla-a2 or -a3 cell surface expression following human cytomegalovirus infection. | during pregnancy, the non-classical major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class i hla-g molecule is specifically expressed in trophoblast cells at the materno-fetal interface and may exert a local control of the immune response against viral infections. human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) infection, which is the major cause of congenital defects, encodes multiple glycoproteins (us2, us3, us6, us10 and us11) that interrupt the mhc class i pathway of antigen presentation. the effect of some of these uni ... | 2004 | 15288176 |
| development of an efficient fluorescence-based microneutralization assay using recombinant human cytomegalovirus strains expressing green fluorescent protein. | medimmune vaccines has created four, live, attenuated human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) vaccine candidates, each derived from defined portions of the parental strains, towne and toledo. to determine each candidate's ability to induce hcmv specific immunity, a fluorescence-based microneutralization assay was developed using recombinants of toledo and towne which express enhanced green fluorescent protein (egfp). replication of the egfp recombinants in cell culture was the same as the respective parent ... | 2004 | 15288964 |
| mixed cytomegalovirus glycoprotein b genotypes in immunocompromised patients. | on the basis of sequence variation in the ul55 gene that encodes glycoprotein b (gb), human cytomegalovirus (cmv) can be classified into 4 gb genotypes. the goal of the present study was to determine the distribution of cmv gb genotypes and the effect of gb type on clinical outcomes in a cohort of immunocompromised patients, including both transplant recipients and nonrecipients. the distribution of gb genotypes was as follows: gb1, 28.9% of patients; gb2, 19.6%; gb3, 23.7%; gb4, 2.0%; and mixed ... | 2004 | 15307021 |
| specific residues in the connector loop of the human cytomegalovirus dna polymerase accessory protein ul44 are crucial for interaction with the ul54 catalytic subunit. | the human cytomegalovirus dna polymerase includes an accessory protein, ul44, which has been proposed to act as a processivity factor for the catalytic subunit, ul54. how ul44 interacts with ul54 has not yet been elucidated. the crystal structure of ul44 revealed the presence of a connector loop analogous to that of the processivity subunit of herpes simplex virus dna polymerase, ul42, which is crucial for interaction with its cognate catalytic subunit, ul30. to investigate the role of the ul44 ... | 2004 | 15308704 |
| human cytomegalovirus ul84 oligomerization and heterodimerization domains act as transdominant inhibitors of orilyt-dependent dna replication: evidence that ie2-ul84 and ul84-ul84 interactions are required for lytic dna replication. | human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) ul84 encodes a 75-kda protein required for orilyt-dependent dna replication and interacts with ie2 in infected and transfected cells. ul84 localizes to the nucleus of transfected and infected cells and is found in viral replication compartments. in transient assays it was shown that ul84 can interfere with the ie2-mediated transactivation of the ul112/113 promoter of hcmv. to determine whether ul84 protein-protein interactions are necessary for lytic dna synthesis, w ... | 2004 | 15308715 |
| characterization of the human cytomegalovirus ul34 gene. | ul34 encodes the transcriptional repressor of the human cytomegalovirus immune evasion gene, us3, and is essential for viral replication in tissue culture. two different monocistronic transcripts originate from ul34 at early and late times postinfection and encode two predominant proteins and a third, minor protein. the ul34 proteins are differentially expressed throughout the viral replication cycle, with both proteins localizing to the nucleus and repressing expression of the us3 gene. | 2004 | 15308752 |
| human cytomegalovirus load in plasma and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid: a longitudinal study of lung transplant recipients. | in lung transplant recipients (ltrs), the measurement of human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) load dynamics in the local environment of the lung allograft may offer distinct advantages over their assessment in the peripheral blood compartment. | 2004 | 15319856 |
| [preliminary studies on pathogenic factors of human cytomegalovirus infection]. | to investigate the pathogenic factors of human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) infections. | 2003 | 15340555 |
| emergence and compartmentalization of fatal multi-drug-resistant cytomegalovirus infection in a patient with autosomal-recessive severe combined immune deficiency. | the authors describe a patient with autosomal-recessive severe combined immunodeficiency (scid) with severe, multiorgan cytomegalovirus (cmv) disease. in the face of appropriate therapy, the patient developed a 100-fold gradient in viral load across the blood-brain barrier. disseminated disease, including pneumonitis, contributed to a fatal outcome. serial genotypic analyses revealed multiple ul97 and ul54 (dna polymerase) mutations that conferred phenotypic resistance to all currently licensed ... | 2004 | 15342989 |
| immunoglobulin gm genes and igg antibodies to cytomegalovirus in patients with systemic sclerosis. | to determine the role of gm and km genes--genetic markers of immunoglobulin gamma and kappa chains, respectively--in humoral immunity to human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) in patients with systemic sclerosis (ssc; scleroderma). | 2004 | 15344596 |
| human cytomegalovirus trs1 protein is required for efficient assembly of dna-containing capsids. | the human cytomegalovirus tegument protein, ptrs1, appears to function at several discrete stages of the virus replication cycle. we previously demonstrated that ptrs1 acts during the late phase of infection to facilitate the production of infectious virions. we now have more precisely identified the late ptrs1 function by further study of a mutant virus lacking the trs1 region, adsubtrs1. we observed a significant reduction in the production of capsids, especially dna-containing c-capsids, in m ... | 2004 | 15367587 |
| coupling generation of cytomegalovirus deletion mutants and amplification of viral bac clones. | human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) genome manipulation has always been difficult. recently, the introduction of full-length hcmv dna into escherichia coli as an artificial bacterial chromosome (bac) clone has allowed reliable targeted mutagenesis. here, we show the next generation of improvement in designing recombinant hcmv, which will also be applicable to other viral bac clones. an inducible origin of replication linked with an antibiotic resistance marker was used as a cassette for targeted replac ... | 2004 | 15381350 |
| reduced expression of gamma interferon in serum and marked lymphoid depletion induced by porphyromonas gingivalis increase murine morbidity and mortality due to cytomegalovirus infection. | porphyromonas gingivalis, a gram-negative anaerobe, is a major etiological agent of severe forms of periodontal disease. although periodontal disease is considered a localized disease, accumulating evidence indicates that it may lead to a predisposition to a decline in immunocompetence. human cytomegalovirus (cmv) commonly infects all human populations without producing significant clinical symptoms. immunocompromised patients usually develop a primary or reactivated cmv infection, which is asso ... | 2004 | 15385479 |