| results of routine syphilitic and human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) serology in infertility. | while it has been accepted practice to screen women undergoing infertility evaluation for syphilis, there are few data in the literature regarding the seroprevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection in infertile patients despite the increasing number of hiv-positive women. in the present study, six out of 2137 infertility patients were seropositive for syphilis (0.28%) and four out of 791 were hiv positive (0.5%). all four women with hiv antibodies had negative tests for syphilis ... | 1992 | 1430138 |
| oral hairy leukoplakia unassociated with human immunodeficiency virus: pseudo oral hairy leukoplakia. | | 1992 | 1430365 |
| pityriasis rubra pilaris in a patient with human immunodeficiency virus infection. | | 1992 | 1430367 |
| psoriasis and human immunodeficiency virus infection. | psoriasis associated with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection has been reported to be severe and perhaps associated with decreased survival. | 1992 | 1430384 |
| trichloroacetic acid peel of molluscum contagiosum in immunocompromised patients. | seven human immunodeficiency virus-(hiv) positive patients with biopsy proved extensive facial molluscum contagiosum were treated with trichloroacetic acid peels. peels were performed with 25 to 50% trichloroacetic acid (average 35%) and were repeated every 2 weeks as needed. a total of 15 peels were performed with an average reduction in lesion counts of 40.5% (range 0 to 90%). no spread of molluscum lesions, scarring, or secondary infection developed at 2 months' follow-up. trichloroacetic aci ... | 1992 | 1430538 |
| tuberculin skin testing of hospital employees during an outbreak of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected patients. | | 1992 | 1430996 |
| effects of cytokines from activated immune cells on vascular cell growth and hiv-1 gene expression. implications for aids-kaposi's sarcoma pathogenesis. | kaposi's sarcoma (ks) arises more frequently in homosexual and bisexual men than in other groups of hiv-1 infected individuals. clinico-epidemiologic data indicate that homosexuals often are infected with multiple microbial agents and/or subjected to other antigenic stimuli, preceding or accompanying hiv-1 infection. signs of immune activation, in fact, frequently have been detected in these individuals, and the onset of ks can precede any sign of immunodeficiency. these data have suggested that ... | 1992 | 1431144 |
| infection of accessory dendritic cells by human immunodeficiency virus type 1. | many details of the pathogenesis of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 remain to be elucidated. details of how the virus gains entry via the mucosal surface upon sexual contact or during breast feeding remain obscure. the means by which the infection travels throughout the body as well as the nature of the major reservoirs of virus infection remains, for the most part, unknown. recent studies raise the possibility that cells of the langerhans/dendritic lineage play a central role in human i ... | 1992 | 1431241 |
| in vitro hiv-1 entry and replication in langerhans cells may clarify the hiv-1 genome detection by pcr in epidermis of seropositive patients. | being dendritic antigen-presenting cells in skin and mucous membrane, langerhans cells (lc) occur in areas at risk for inoculation by human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), and the question whether lc act as a target, reservoir, or vector for transmission of hiv has given rise to much controversy. to address this question, we first analyzed the epidermal compartment of skin from patients seropositive for hiv dna. second, we tested the susceptibility of each cell type normally found in this compartm ... | 1992 | 1431242 |
| sequences responsible for efficient replication of simian immunodeficiency virus sivmnd in cells of the monocyte/macrophage lineage. | we determined the susceptibility of monocytic cell lines to infection with viral strains derived from two infectious clones of simian immunodeficiency virus isolated from a mandrill. one of the strains, which replicates poorly in t cell lines, was found to grow more rapidly than the other in these cells. the viral determinant for this property was genetically mapped within the env gene encoding a surface protein. six amino acid substitutions identified appeared to be located outside of the domai ... | 1992 | 1431813 |
| brominated polyacetylenic acids from the marine sponge xestospongia muta: inhibitors of hiv protease. | the etoac extract of the sponge xestospongia muta collected in colombus island, bahamas, yielded eleven straight-chain unsaturated, polyacetylenic, brominated acids, seven of which were identified on the basis of spectral data, including the unknown acids 2-7. these acetylenic acids are the first known examples that have been shown to inhibit hiv protease, a critical enzyme in the replication of human immunodeficiency virus. | 1992 | 1431940 |
| defining the population of human immunodeficiency virus-infected children at risk for mycobacterium avium-intracellulare infection. | we reviewed the 22 cases of mycobacterium avium-intracellulare (mai) infection that occurred among 196 human immunodeficiency virus-infected children seen at the national cancer institute pediatric branch from december 1986 through april 1991, and an additional 65 charts from children with cultures negative for mai. all patients with proven mai were receiving antiretroviral therapy with zidovudine, dideoxyinosine, or a combination of zidovudine and dideoxycytidine. all patients had disseminated ... | 1992 | 1432413 |
| evaluation of protective efficacy of recombinant subunit vaccines against simian immunodeficiency virus infection of macaques. | simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) was used as a model to study the protective efficacy of an immunization regimen currently being evaluated as candidate vaccines against hiv in human subjects. four macaca fascicularis were first immunized with recombinant vaccinia virus expressing the envelope glycoprotein gp160 of sivmne and then boosted with subunit gp160. both cell-mediated and humoral immune responses against siv, including neutralizing antibodies, were elicited. the macaques were shown to ... | 1992 | 1433262 |
| worldwide survey of aids vaccine challenge studies in nonhuman primates: vaccines associated with active and passive immune protection from live virus challenge. | an aids vaccine surveillance system (avss) was designed and implemented to track the rapidly growing international database supporting the development of promising aids vaccines. both preclinical nonhuman primate (nhp) and clinical human trials are tracked by the avss. this report presents summary data generated from the avss on the nhp aids vaccine/live virus challenge studies only. summary data on more than 100 preclinical hiv/siv vaccines are presented within the framework of 1) 13 arbitrary ... | 1992 | 1433265 |
| characterization of group specific antibodies in primates: studies with siv envelope in macaques. | sera from siv-infected macaques were found to contain antibodies that reacted with conformation-dependent, group-specific determinants on the siv envelope protein gp130. these conformation-dependent antibodies exhibited virus neutralizing activity; their presence was associated with protection in vaccine studies. the properties of these antibodies are quite similar to those that have been identified in sera from hiv-infected human subjects. these data suggest that the siv envelope gp130 remains ... | 1992 | 1433271 |
| sulfation of the human immunodeficiency virus envelope glycoprotein. | sulfation is a posttranslational modification of proteins which occurs on either the tyrosine residues or the carbohydrate moieties of some glycoproteins. in the case of secretory proteins, sulfation has been hypothesized to act as a signal for export from the cell. we have shown that the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) envelope glycoprotein precursor (gp160) as well as the surface (gp120) and transmembrane (gp41) subunits can be specifically labelled with 35so42-. sulfated hiv-1 env ... | 1992 | 1433500 |
| mutational inactivation of an inhibitory sequence in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 results in rev-independent gag expression. | we have characterized an inhibitory rna element in the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) gag coding sequence that prevents gag expression. the inhibition exerted by this element could be overcome by the presence of the rev-responsive element in cis and of rev protein in trans. to understand the mechanism of function, we inactivated the inhibitory element by mutagenesis while maintaining an intact gag coding region. a constitutive high level of rev-independent gag expression was achieve ... | 1992 | 1433510 |
| mutational analysis of human t-cell leukemia virus type i tax: regions necessary for function determined with 47 mutant proteins. | we have made 47 mutations that span the length of the human t-cell leukemia virus type i (htlv-i) tax open reading frame. of the 47 mutations, 38 were substitutions of single amino acids, 5 were missense changes in two or more amino acids, and 4 were deletions. a subset of these mutations includes individual changes of all 26 naturally occurring serines to alanines. by assaying each mutant protein separately on the htlv-i long terminal repeat (ltr) and the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hi ... | 1992 | 1433511 |
| human immunodeficiency virus type 1 vpu protein induces rapid degradation of cd4. | cd4 is an integral membrane glycoprotein which is known as the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) receptor for infection of human cells. the protein is synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum (er) and subsequently transported to the cell surface via the golgi complex. hiv infection of cd4+ cells leads to downmodulation of cell surface cd4, due at least in part to the formation of stable intracellular complexes between cd4 and the hiv type 1 (hiv-1) env precursor polyprotein gp160. this process ... | 1992 | 1433512 |
| posttranscriptional regulation by the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 rev and human t-cell leukemia virus type i rex proteins through a heterologous rna binding site. | the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 rev and human t-cell leukemia virus type i rex proteins induce cytoplasmic expression of incompletely spliced viral mrnas by binding to these mrnas in the nucleus. each protein binds a specific cis-acting element in its target rnas. both proteins also associated with nucleoli, but the significance of this association is uncertain because mutations that inactivate nucleolar localization signals in rev or rex also prevent rna binding. here we demonstrate tha ... | 1992 | 1433516 |
| molecular profile of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection in symptomless patients and in patients with aids. | recent molecular evidence indicates that active human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) infection is detectable in both symptomless and symptomatic infected patients. for this main reason, it has been pointed out that precise quantitative analysis of viral activity in vivo is necessary, firstly, for the pathogenetic investigation of the steps relevant to infection progression and, secondly, for better clinical management of hiv-1-infected patients. in this study, the presence of hiv-1 genomi ... | 1992 | 1433521 |
| requirement of active human immunodeficiency virus type 1 integrase enzyme for productive infection of human t-lymphoid cells. | the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) integrase enzyme exhibits significant amino acid sequence conservation with integrase proteins of other retroviruses. we introduced specific amino acid substitutions at a number of the conserved residue positions of recombinant hiv-1 integrase. some of these substitutions resulted in proteins which were not able to be purified in the same manner as the wild-type enzyme, and these were not studied further. the remaining mutant enzymes were assessed ... | 1992 | 1433523 |
| human immunodeficiency virus type 1 rev activation can be achieved without rev-responsive element rna if rev is directed to the target as a rev/ms2 fusion protein which tethers the ms2 operator rna. | the posttranscriptional trans activation of unspliced or partially spliced human immunodeficiency virus rnas by the rev regulatory protein is crucial for virus replication and is dependent on sequence-specific rna binding by rev. the cognate rna target of rev is contained within a highly structured, 244-nucleotide rev-responsive element (rre) rna in the viral env gene. here, we show that specific interaction with the rre is not an absolute requirement for rev function. when the rre is replaced b ... | 1992 | 1433526 |
| an infectious molecular clone of an unusual macrophage-tropic and highly cytopathic strain of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. | we isolated and molecularly cloned a human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) strain (89.6) which is unusual because it is both macrophage-tropic and extremely cytopathic in lymphocytes. moreover, this is the first well-characterized infectious molecularly cloned macrophage-tropic hiv-1 strain derived from peripheral blood. hiv-1 89.6 differs markedly from other macrophage-tropic isolates within the envelope v3 region, which is important in determining cell tropism and cytopathicity. hiv-1 89 ... | 1992 | 1433527 |
| tar-independent replication of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in glial cells. | the molecular mechanisms involved in the replication of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) may differ in various cell types and with various exogenous stimuli. astrocytic glial cells, which can support hiv-1 replication in cell cultures and may be infected in vivo, are demonstrated to provide a cellular milieu in which tar mutant hiv-1 viruses may replicate. using transfections of various tar mutant hiv-1 proviral constructs, we demonstrate tar-independent replication in unstimulated as ... | 1992 | 1433528 |
| neutralization of diverse human immunodeficiency virus type 1 variants by an anti-v3 human monoclonal antibody. | the third variable region (v3) of the hiv-1 gp120 envelope glycoprotein is thought to induce potent neutralizing antibodies which are generally defined as type specific and reactive with individual viral isolates. in contrast, the cd4-binding domain is thought to induce neutralizing antibodies that are group specific and capable of neutralizing all isolates of hiv-1. however, in this study, we used a panel of human monoclonal antibodies to these regions of gp120 which displays specificities and ... | 1992 | 1433529 |
| dermatologic manifestations of human immunodeficiency virus infection. | human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) have become major health problems in the united states, and patients with manifestations of these diseases are seen by physicians in all areas of medicine. cutaneous manifestations develop in as many as 92% of hiv-positive persons. familiarity with these manifestations facilitates early diagnosis and enhances the care of hiv-infected patients. the spectrum of mucocutaneous disorders in these patients i ... | 1992 | 1434871 |
| [acute hepatitis from a virus in carriers of hbsag superinfected by the hepatitis c virus and the human immunodeficiency virus]. | | 1992 | 1434980 |
| [immunologic prognostic parameters in infection by the human immunodeficiency virus]. | to evaluate the use of quantitative and functional immunologic parameters as prognostic markers of infection by the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). | 1992 | 1434984 |
| [haemophilus influenzae pulmonary infection in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus]. | haemophilus influenzae has frequently been identified as the etiologic agent in pneumonias of patients with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection. the experience of the authors is reviewed and the significance of isolating this microorganism in respiratory samples commented upon. | 1992 | 1434998 |
| [infection by the human immunodeficiency virus and leprosy]. | the author is reviewing the literature about the association hiv infection and leprosy. so he concludes: 1) there is no correlation between leprosy incidence and hiv infection incidence, despite similarity as far as immuno-system is concerned. 2) effect of hiv infection on leprosy demands further studies of nervous leprosy pathology. 3) tendency to increase of such and association is foreseeable, speaking of epidemiocity in developing countries as well as in leprosy foci in southern asia and ind ... | 1992 | 1435184 |
| hiv instruction and selected hiv-risk behaviors among high school students--united states, 1989-1991. | efforts to prevent human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) in the united states must be targeted toward persons of all age groups at risk, including adolescents. many high school students have reported engaging in behaviors that increase their risk for hiv infection (1,2). during april and may of 1989, 1990, and 1991, cdc conducted three national school-based surveys among high school students that addressed, in part, hiv-risk behavior and schoo ... | 1992 | 1435676 |
| aids community demonstration projects: implementation of volunteer networks for hiv-prevention programs--selected sites, 1991-1992. | states and cities have effectively used community-level intervention projects to reduce cigarette smoking and other risk behaviors associated with chronic disease (1-3); similar strategies have been introduced to prevent human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection in men who have sex with men and who identify themselves as homosexual or bisexual (4,5). many of these projects used community volunteers to deliver interventions (2,4,5). an important concern for community-level intervention project ... | 1992 | 1435677 |
| hiv infection and aids--georgia, 1991. | public health surveillance efforts for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) in the united states have documented an increasing proportion of cases among persons who reside outside the largest metropolitan areas (1,2). these findings, coupled with results of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) prevalence studies, have led to the development of hiv-related prevention and treatment services in smaller cities and rural areas. this report presents results of hiv-infection and aids surveillance in ... | 1992 | 1435678 |
| heterosexual transmission of hiv--puerto rico, 1981-1991. | puerto rico has the second highest overall rate of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) cases among states and territories of the united states and the second highest rate of cases among women (1,2). although heterosexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) among persons reported with aids has increased throughout the united states--accounting for 8% of all u.s. aids cases diagnosed in 1991 (2,3)--the proportion of cases attributed to heterosexual transmission is highest in p ... | 1992 | 1435683 |
| [modified nucleosides and nucleotides inhibiting hiv replication: analysis of the situation and potential prospects]. | the results of an eight year search of blockaders of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) among groups of modified nucleosides and nucleotides are reviewed. the molecular mechanism of action of these compounds is based on the inhibition of dna polymerases activity. attempts of systematic analysis of structure--anti-hiv activity relationship for modified substrates of dna biosynthesis are made. in this analysis attention is focused on the evaluation of general properties of enzymes of the phosphory ... | 1992 | 1435770 |
| continued zidovudine or didanosine for human immunodeficiency virus infection. | | 1992 | 1435893 |
| isolation of rochalimaea species from cutaneous and osseous lesions of bacillary angiomatosis. | bacillary angiomatosis is characterized by vascular lesions, which occur usually in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). a newly described gram-negative organism, rochalimaea henselae, has been associated with cutaneous bacillary angiomatosis, but no organism has been isolated and cultivated directly from cutaneous tissue. | 1992 | 1435899 |
| kinetic studies of the mechanism of thrombocytopenia in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. | isolated thrombocytopenia accompanied by increased amounts of platelet-associated antibody is a common manifestation of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection, and the thrombocytopenia often improves with zidovudine. it is not clear whether the mechanism of hiv-related thrombocytopenia primarily involves autoimmune destruction of platelets or reduced platelet production by megakaryocytes. | 1992 | 1435932 |
| mononeuritis multiplex associated with cryoglobulinemia in hiv infection. | we describe a patient with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection who developed mononeuritis multiplex associated with polyclonal (type iii) cryoglobulinemia. the patient's symptoms stabilized following treatment with plasmapheresis and removal of the cryoglobulin. our case represents the first report of polyclonal cryoglobulinemia in hiv disease and suggests that cryoglobulinemia may play an etiologic role in some patients with hiv-associated neuropathy. | 1992 | 1436518 |
| hiv-infected pregnant women and their infants. primary health care implications. | human immunodeficiency virus infection in women and infants is a significant and growing health care problem in the united states. young adult black or hispanic women are at particular risk, especially if they use intravenous drugs or are the sexual partner of someone who does. however, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome/hiv infection is a significant cause of mortality in women of reproductive age (i.e., 15 to 44 years). in addition, the incidence of aids in infants directly correlates to the i ... | 1992 | 1436776 |
| oral geotrichum candidum infection associated with hiv infection. a case report. | infections with geotrichum species, although rare, are sometimes seen in immunocompromised hosts. we report a case of oral geotrichosis in a patient seropositive for human immunodeficiency virus who had erythematous mandibular and maxillary gingiva but was otherwise free of any active systemic disease. geotrichum candidum was shown by both culture and histopathology to be present in the lesion and was deduced to be the causative organism. the patient responded well to several weeks of treatment ... | 1992 | 1437044 |
| random mutagenesis of the human immunodeficiency virus type-1 trans-activator of transcription (hiv-1 tat). | a new method is described for the direct construction of randomly mutagenized genes by applying the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) to an oligonucleotide synthesized using doped nucleotide reservoirs. we have demonstrated the utility of this method by generating a library of mutant hiv-1 tat genes. several arbitrarily selected, inactive tat clones were sequenced to evaluate the extent of the mutagenesis. moreover, fourteen recombinants encoding varying levels of transcriptional trans-activator a ... | 1992 | 1437550 |
| characterization of a novel t lymphocyte protein which binds to a site related to steroid/thyroid hormone receptor response elements in the negative regulatory sequence of the human immunodeficiency virus long terminal repeat. | we have previously identified a t lymphocyte protein which binds to a site within the ltr of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) and exerts an inhibitory effect on virus gene expression. the palindromic site (site b) recognized by this protein is related to the palindromic binding sites of members of the steroid/thyroid hormone receptor family. here we characterize the t cell protein binding to this site as a 100 kd protein which is most abundant in t cells and which binds to site b ... | 1992 | 1437560 |
| the basic rna-binding domain of hiv-2 tat contributes to preferential trans-activation of a tar2-containing ltr. | human immunodeficiency viruses hiv-1 and hiv-2 encode a tat protein that trans-activates the respective viral genome through rna targets (tar1 and tar2). tat-1 and tat-2 have considerable homology. however, an interesting biological observation has been that tat-1 activates the hiv-1 and hiv-2 ltrs equally while tat-2 activates the former, in comparison to the latter, poorly. here, we present evidence that it is the tar2 rna target together with the basic rna-binding protein domain of tat-2 that ... | 1992 | 1437564 |
| hiv infection in athletes. what are the risks? who can compete? | the activities of athletes and personnel who provide their medical care may place them at slightly greater risk for infection with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) than their nonathletic peers. at this point, there is no reason to disallow participation of athletes who are hiv-infected. thus, sports physicians need to assume that they are at risk for accidental exposure to hiv and use appropriate precautions. most important, physicians can educate athletes, coaches, and trainers to practice "s ... | 1992 | 1437916 |
| crystallization, sequence, and preliminary crystallographic data for an antipeptide fab 50.1 and peptide complexes with the principal neutralizing determinant of hiv-1 gp120. | x-ray quality crystals of an fab fragment from an antipeptide monoclonal antibody (r/v3-50.1) that recognizes the principal neutralizing determinant (pnd) of the gp120 glycoprotein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) (mn isolate) were grown as uncomplexed and peptide complexed forms. crystals of the free fab grew from high salt in orthorhombic space groups p2(1)2(1)2(1) and i222 and from polyethylene glycol in space groups p1 and p2(1). seeds from either the p1 and p2(1) native (uncom ... | 1992 | 1438187 |
| relationship of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 sequence heterogeneity to stage of disease. | v3 envelope sequences were determined from amplified human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) sequences of uncultivated leukocytes obtained sequentially from four infected adults over the course of infection. lower levels of sequence heterogeneity were noted in samples obtained early in hiv-1 infection, prior to cd4 depletion, than in samples obtained at later times during disease. the pattern of amino acid sequence divergence included nonrandom changes, with evidence of sequence variants ari ... | 1992 | 1438212 |
| chimeric gag-v3 virus-like particles of human immunodeficiency virus induce virus-neutralizing antibodies. | a 41-kda unprocessed human immunodeficiency virus 2 (hiv-2) gag precursor protein that has a deletion of a portion of the viral protease assembles as virus-like particles by budding through the cytoplasmic membrane of recombinant baculovirus-infected insect cells. we have constructed six different combinations of chimeric genes by coupling the truncated hiv-2 gag gene to the neutralizing domain (v3) or the neutralizing and the cd4 binding domains (v3+cd4bd) of gp120 env gene sequences from hiv-1 ... | 1992 | 1438241 |
| a synthetic peptide inhibitor of human immunodeficiency virus replication: correlation between solution structure and viral inhibition. | a peptide designated dp-107 was synthesized containing amino acid residues 558-595 of the envelope glycoprotein gp160 of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 strain lai (hiv-1lai). algorithms for secondary structure have predicted that this region of the envelope transmembrane protein should form an extended alpha-helix. consistent with this prediction, analysis by circular dichroism (cd) indicated that, under physiological conditions, dp-107 is approximately 85% helical. the high degree of stabl ... | 1992 | 1438243 |
| productive nonlytic human immunodeficiency virus type 1 replication in a newly established human leukemia cell line. | we have isolated a lymphoid cell line, mds, from the pleural exudate of a patient with chronic myelomonocytic leukemia. the cells are biphenotypic, containing various t-cell and myeloid markers, and are surface negative for cd4 and cd8 but have low cd4 mrna. the cells grow in suspension with a doubling time of 15 hr, have been karyotyped as trisomy 21, are negative for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1), and are tumorigenic in the nude mouse. we have isolated two stable hiv-1-producing ... | 1992 | 1438250 |
| the monoclonal cd4 antibody m-t413 inhibits cellular infection with human immunodeficiency virus after viral attachment to the cell membrane: an approach to postexposure prophylaxis. | infectious cellular uptake of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) is initiated by a complex sequence of interactions between the viral envelope gp120/gp41 complex and the cellular cd4 receptor resulting in the exposure of a hydrophobic region of gp41 that mediates the irreversible fusion of the virus with the cell membrane. here we show that viral penetration into a susceptible cell can be inhibited by the high-affinity monoclonal cd4 antibody (cd4 mab) m-t413 even when it is added as late as 30- ... | 1992 | 1438278 |
| inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 expression by a hairpin ribozyme. | ribozymes are rnas that possess the dual properties of rna sequence-specific recognition, analogous to conventional antisense molecules, and rna substrate destruction via site-specific cleavage. the cleavage reaction is catalytic in that more than one substrate molecule is processed per ribozyme molecule. we have designed a hairpin ribozyme that cleaves human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) rna in the leader sequence (at nucleotides +111/112 relative to the transcription initiation site). ... | 1992 | 1438280 |
| il6 and aids. | | 1992 | 1439153 |
| prevalence of aids-related risk factors and condom use in the united states. | a national probability survey of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-related risk factors among the general heterosexual population, the national aids (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) behavioral surveys, has obtained data from 10,630 respondents. data are presented on the prevalence of hiv-related risks in the general heterosexual population, on the distribution of the three largest risk groups across social strata, and on the prevalence and distribution of condom use among heterosexuals repo ... | 1992 | 1439818 |
| [hiv detection in the bone transplant with polymerase chain reaction]. | in trauma surgery, bone transplantation was needed in nearly 15% of all operations for reconstruction of defects. a high risk of viral infection remains in transplantation, however, cocultivation procedures have shown that human immunodeficiency virus (hiv-1) resides in bone of hiv-infected persons. safety guidelines for running bone banks were not always easy to follow, and physical or chemical procedures applied for disinfection failed to inactivate hiv-1. in the present study we show that the ... | 1992 | 1439859 |
| hiv-leishmania co-infections in italy. isoenzyme characterization of leishmania causing visceral leishmaniasis in hiv patients. | visceral leishmaniasis (vl) infections in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection are dramatically increasing in mediterranean countries such as spain, france and italy. a study has been carried out to characterize biochemically the agents of typical or unusual vl in subjects with hiv infection and to compare results with those obtained so far from vl and cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl) infections in hiv negative subjects. twelve leishmania stocks were isolated from 8 hiv patient ... | 1992 | 1440776 |
| a short term projection of hiv infection and aids cases in cameroon. | by september 1991 cameroon had reported 650 cases of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids). the results from the sentinnel surveillance system showed a seroprevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)1 of 1.3% among pregnant women, 2.5% in people attending sexually transmitted disease clinics and 3.5% in tuberculosis patients in 1990. the estimated number of persons infected with hiv varies between 10,000 and 30,000. the world health organization projection model was used to make a ... | 1992 | 1440829 |
| new insights into the mechanism of hiv-1 trans-activation. | | 1992 | 1440870 |
| [the inhibiting action of interferon inducers on the multiplication of the human immunodeficiency virus]. | high molecular natural (ridostin and larifan) and synthetic (camedon) interferon inducers inhibited hiv-1 replication in mt-4 and cem cultures when administered simultaneously with the inoculum. the effect of interferon inducers was comparable with that of azidothymidine in concentrations providing cell protection. the degree of culture protection determined by the number of viable and antigen-containing cells was approximately similar for strain 899a and freshly isolated iv39. no significant di ... | 1992 | 1441434 |
| [the detection and quantitative determination of antigens to the human immunodeficiency virus types 1 and 2]. | three modifications of elisa test system for hiv antigen detection are described. they are based on igg from hiv-1 and hiv-2-infected human sera and monoclonal antibodies against hiv-1 p24 used as immunosorbents. the peroxidase/anti-hiv-igg conjugate was used in all the test systems. a possibility of quantitative detection of viral antigen in native culture fluids, lysates, and purified virus preparations was demonstrated. the test system for hiv-1 antigen detection cannot be used for hiv-2 anti ... | 1992 | 1441438 |
| mycobacterium avium complex and mycobacterium tuberculosis in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. | primary care physicians play an important role in identifying and treating bacterial infections in adults infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). mycobacterium avium complex and mycobacterium tuberculosis are pathogens that can cause systemic or local infection in these patients. we review the epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, and principles of treatment for these two mycobacterial pathogens. because m tuberculosis disease is preventable and curable and yet communi ... | 1992 | 1441463 |
| detection of hiv-1 protein and nucleic acid in enterochromaffin cells of hiv-1-seropositive patients. | diarrhea contributes significantly to the morbidity and mortality of patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). up to 50% of aids patients have diarrhea, and an etiologic agent for this cannot be identified in all of them. recent evidence suggests that enterochromaffin cells may be infected by the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) and may contribute to the unexplained diarrhea. to test this hypothesis further, endoscopic biopsies of duodena from 22 hiv-1 seropositive ... | 1992 | 1442687 |
| dysgonic fermenter-3: a bacterium associated with diarrhea in immunocompromised hosts. | we describe two patients with chronic diarrhea associated with dysgonic fermenter-3 (df-3) infection. one patient had common variable hypogammaglobulinemia and the other hand chronic idiopathic neutropenia and human immunodeficiency virus infection. specific stool culture techniques were necessary to isolate df-3. the organism was sensitive to clindamycin, tetracycline, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. antibiotic therapy eradicated the organism and the diarrhea resolved in both patients. df-3 ... | 1992 | 1442688 |
| mortality trends in a cohort of homosexual men in new york city, 1978-1988. | trends in mortality related to infection by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) and to other causes were examined from 1978 to 1988 in a cohort of 8,906 homosexual men who participated in studies of hepatitis b virus infection in the late 1970s in new york city. hiv-related mortality rates increased from 1 per 10,000 person-years in 1980 to 181 per 10,000 person-years in 1986, followed by a plateau from 1986 to 1988. the standardized mortality ratio among white men in the cohort was 3.7 ... | 1992 | 1442731 |
| prevalence and risk determinants of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (hiv-2) and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) in west african female prostitutes. | the authors studied the prevalence and risk determinants for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) and type 2 (hiv-2) in female prostitutes from dakar (1985-1990), ziguinchor (1987-1990), and kaolack (1987-1990), senegal, west africa. each cohort showed a distinct distribution of hivs: 10.0% hiv-2 and 4.1% hiv-1 in dakar, 38.1% hiv-2 and 0.4% hiv-1 in ziguinchor, and 27.4% hiv-2 and 1.3% hiv-1 in kaolack. in 1,275 female prostitutes from dakar, increase years of sexual activity and a histo ... | 1992 | 1442755 |
| human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome training from a union perspective. | the authors developed a union sponsored 2-day human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (hiv/aids) "train the trainer" program for healthcare workers in the san francisco bay area. the program incorporated the "education for action" approach in an effort to respond to the inadequacies in many traditional, institutional trainings. service employees international union (seiu) and labor occupational health program (lohp) conducted the hiv/aids "train the trainer" program for a ... | 1992 | 1442800 |
| management of syphilis in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients. | | 1992 | 1442849 |
| response of latent syphilis or neurosyphilis to ceftriaxone therapy in persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus. | to evaluate the effect of ceftriaxone in treating latent syphilis or asymptomatic neurosyphilis in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). | 1992 | 1442850 |
| tuberculous meningitis in patients with and without human immunodeficiency virus infection. | to characterize the symptoms, signs, laboratory findings, and outcome of culture-proven meningitis due to mycobacterium tuberculosis in patients with and without human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection. | 1992 | 1442854 |
| ultrastructure of human immunodeficiency virus in corneal epithelial scraping. | | 1992 | 1443029 |
| perspectives on hiv/aids epidemiology and prevention from the eighth international conference on aids. | the eighth international aids symposium in amsterdam, the netherlands, provided updated scientific and programmatic information on the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) to thousands of interested participants. as in the other scientific areas, the amount of information presented in epidemiology and prevention was overwhelming; however, the scientific progress described was steady but incremental. this commentary summarizes progress made in three sel ... | 1992 | 1443293 |
| commentary: methods women can use that may prevent sexually transmitted disease, including hiv. | although sexually transmitted diseases, including human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), are a major concern for women, few prevention messages are targeted specifically to women. those that are generally stress abstaining, altering the number or selection of partners, and urging partners to use condoms. but these behaviors may be unrealistic for many women, particularly women who are at highest risk for sexually transmitted diseases, because they require significant changes in life-style or depend ... | 1992 | 1443295 |
| commentary: the quest for women's prophylactic methods--hopes vs science. | the companion article by rosenberg and gollub in this issue summarizes data from 10 observational studies and concludes that female-controlled contraceptive methods, under typical conditions, are comparable to condoms in preventing sexually transmitted diseases and should be merchandized as such. while we agree that chemical and mechanical contraceptives provide protection against some sexually transmitted diseases, we think the authors have overstated the scientific case for these methods, espe ... | 1992 | 1443296 |
| community aids/hiv risk reduction: the effects of endorsements by popular people in three cities. | it is critical to extend community-level acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) prevention efforts beyond education alone and to develop models that better encourage behavioral changes. gay men in small cities are vulnerable to human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection due to continued high rates of risk behavior. this research introduced an intervention that trained popular people to serve as behavioral change endorsers to peers sequentially across three different cities. | 1992 | 1443297 |
| high-risk sexual behavior and condom use among gay and bisexual african-american men. | little is known about the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) high-risk sexual practices of gay and bisexual african-american men. these data are needed so that better interventions can be developed and implemented in this population. | 1992 | 1443298 |
| the completeness of aids case reporting, 1988: a multisite collaborative surveillance project. | the purpose of this study was to evaluate the completeness of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) case reporting. | 1992 | 1443299 |
| the reporting of hiv/aids deaths in women. | this study was undertaken to assess the completeness of vital statistics and case reports of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) in measuring human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-related mortality in women 15 through 44 years of age. | 1992 | 1443300 |
| responses to anonymous questionnaires concerning sexual behavior: a method to examine potential biases. | low response rates to voluntary surveys raise questions about how representative the responses are. we compared the behavior and attitudes of responders, willing and reluctant, and nonresponders to anonymous questionnaires about behaviors that might expose participants to the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). | 1992 | 1443301 |
| hiv antibody testing and posttest counseling in the united states: data from the 1989 national health interview survey. | to see how successful human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) counseling and testing efforts have been in testing the united states population, particularly among those at increased risk for hiv infection, we analyzed data from the 1989 national health interview survey. twenty percent of the nhis sample (or, in terms of the general us population, an estimated 36 million persons) reported having been tested for hiv antibodies, mostly through blood donations. although persons with increased risk of hiv ... | 1992 | 1443305 |
| decontamination of an hiv-contaminated cpr manikin. | there has been a concern that the number of persons engaging in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (cpr) training could decline because of questions about human immunodeficiency virus (hiv-1) transmission. we investigated the theoretical possibility that a cpr manikin might serve as a fomite for hiv-1 transmission. decontamination protocols were tested by using elevated levels of virus and decreasing decontamination times. even under these compromising conditions, however, decontamination was effecti ... | 1992 | 1443306 |
| an ultrasensitive human immunodeficiency virus type 1 protease radioimmuno rate assay with a potential for monitoring blood levels of protease inhibitors in acquired immunodeficiency disease syndrome patients. | the angiotensin i-based peptide asp-arg-val-tyr-ile-his-pro-phe-his-leu-leu-glu-glu-ser yields angiotensin i (ang i) and leu-glu-glu-ser upon hydrolysis by the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) protease, but not by human renin. n-terminal sequencing of the reaction products showed that the hiv-1 protease cleaved exclusively at the leu-leu bond. the rate of ang i formation can be measured by a radioimmunoassay, since the parent peptide has minimal cross reactivity in this assay. the rat ... | 1992 | 1443599 |
| american college of physicians ethics manual. third edition. | medicine, law, and social values are not static and must be re-examined periodically. this edition of the acp ethics manual covers emerging issues in medical ethics and revisits some old issues. the overview of the evolution of medical ethics, which appeared in previous editions of the manual, has been eliminated to allow more space for the consideration of today's ethical dilemmas. other changes include a revised chapter on end-of-life care, discussion of physician-assisted suicide, revised sec ... | 1992 | 1443957 |
| the natural history and pathogenesis of hiv infection. | infection with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) results in progressive deterioration of the cell-mediated immune system characterized by t-helper-cell dysfunction and loss in the face of signs of generalized immune-system activation. the final stage of hiv disease, aids, has a myriad of opportunistic infections and malignancies as its hallmarks. the causal relationship between hiv and this complex disease pattern is clear but the mechanisms by which it occurs are not well understood. there are ... | 1992 | 1444266 |
| human immunodeficiency virus and the central nervous system. | neurological disease frequently complicates hiv-1 infection. in addition to opportunistic infections, a syndrome of combined cognitive and motor impairment, referred to as the aids dementia complex, has been recognized. while presumed to relate to hiv-1 itself, the pathogenesis of this syndrome remains uncertain. because of the limited extent of productive brain hiv-1 infection in many cases, and because such infection involves macrophages and microglia rather than cells of neuroectodermal origi ... | 1992 | 1444270 |
| pharmacokinetic-interaction study of didanosine and ranitidine in patients seropositive for human immunodeficiency virus. | the potential pharmacokinetic interactions between didanosine, an acid-labile antiretroviral agent, and ranitidine, an h2-receptor antagonist, were evaluated by a crossover study of 12 male patients seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus. single oral doses of 375 mg of didanosine, formulated as a citrate-phosphate-buffered sachet, or of 150 mg of ranitidine were administered alone or in combination (ranitidine was given 2 h prior to didanosine). serial blood samples and total urinary ... | 1992 | 1444287 |
| central nervous system targeting of 2',3'-dideoxyinosine via adenosine deaminase-activated 6-halo-dideoxypurine prodrugs. | aids dementia complex is a neurologic disorder, characterized by increasingly severe cognitive, behavioral, and motor impairment, which is associated with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection in the central nervous system (cns). many of the dideoxynucleosides effective systemically in the treatment of hiv infections, such as 2',3'-dideoxyinosine (ddi), exhibit limited penetration into the cns and limited or variable effectiveness in reversing the symptoms of aids dementia. thus, approach ... | 1992 | 1444295 |
| intravenous and oral zidovudine pharmacokinetics and coagulation effects in asymptomatic human immunodeficiency virus-infected hemophilia patients. | pharmacokinetic and coagulation studies were carried out over a 12-week period with 11 asymptomatic hemophilia patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection receiving zidovudine (zdv). the patients received 300 mg every 4 h while awake (the accepted dose at the time of this study); consecutive 24-h intravenous (i.v.) and 12-h oral pharmacokinetic studies were conducted at weeks 1, 6, and 12. coagulation studies were conducted at weeks 0, 4, 8, and 12. the numbers of units of factors viii ... | 1992 | 1444306 |
| anti-hiv-1 activity of 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine (azt) in primary mononuclear phagocytes. | conflicting data have been reported on ability of 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine (azt) to protect mononuclear phagocytes from hiv-1 infection. we compared the antiviral potency of azt in three types of primary human mononuclear phagocytes: peripheral blood monocytes, monocyte-derived macrophages (in vitro differentiated) and alveolar macrophages (in vivo differentiated). to establish highly-productive virus infection, purified cells (greater than 99%) from healthy donors were challenged with the mac ... | 1992 | 1444321 |
| animal models for anti-aids therapy. | primate and non-primate species have been used to study the pathobiology of the simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) and of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1), respectively, and to develop new therapeutic regimes. transgenic mice which express either the entire hiv-1 provirus or subgenomic fragments have been used to analyze viral gene products in vivo and may serve as models for the development of agents targeted to select viral functions. chimeric mice which were created by transpl ... | 1992 | 1444326 |
| screening women of childbearing age for human immunodeficiency virus. a cost-benefit analysis. | in light of the increasing problem of perinatal human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) transmission, the issue of screening women for hiv is receiving considerable attention. we analyzed the costs and benefits of screening women of childbearing age for hiv. the analysis was based on a dynamic model of the hiv epidemic that incorporated disease transmission and progression, behavioral changes, and effects of screening and counseling. we found that the primary benefit of screening programs targeted to ... | 1992 | 1444682 |
| acquired immunodeficiency syndrome/human immunodeficiency virus risk behavior among gay men in small cities. findings of a 16-city national sample. | most research on acquired immunodeficiency syndrome has been conducted in several of the country's largest cities, and little is known about the current level of human immunodeficiency virus risk taking among gay men in other geographical areas. the purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of risk behavior practices among gay men in smaller communities. | 1992 | 1444689 |
| confidentiality of human immunodeficiency virus status on autopsy reports. council on ethical and judicial affairs, american medical association. | the medical profession has long recognized the need to maintain the confidentiality of a patient's medical condition, particularly when stigmatizing conditions, like human immunodeficiency virus infections, are involved. the obligation to maintain confidentiality continues after the death of the patient. at the same time, there may be public health concerns that justify limited disclosure of a deceased person's human immunodeficiency virus status. this report provides guidelines that balance the ... | 1992 | 1444739 |
| postmortem recovery of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 from plasma and mononuclear cells. implications for occupational exposure. | to determine the ability to recover human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) from the plasma and mononuclear cell (mnc) fractions of postmortem blood samples from patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. | 1992 | 1444740 |
| neurologic and neuropsychological manifestations of human immunodeficiency virus infection in intravenous drug users without acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. relationship to head injury. | we examined 99 human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-negative and 122 hiv-positive intravenous drug users (ivdus) without acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) to determine whether hiv-positive ivdus had more neurologic and neuropsychological impairment than their hiv-negative counterparts. controlling for age, education, drug use, history of head injury, and interactions between head injury and hiv status and drug use, hiv-positive subjects had more extrapyramidal signs and frontal release sig ... | 1992 | 1444884 |
| results of a randomized trial of partner notification in cases of hiv infection in north carolina. | we sought to compare two methods of notifying sex partners of subjects infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) or persons who had shared needles with them (needle-sharing partners): "patient referral," in which the responsibility for notifying partners was left to the patient, and "provider referral," in which providers attempted to notify partners. | 1992 | 1445500 |
| mother-to-infant transmission of human immunodeficiency virus by breast milk: presumed innocent or presumed guilty? | this article reviews the virological and epidemiological data available on transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) by breast milk. colostrum and breast milk are considered major modes of transmission for many animal retroviruses as well as human t-cell leukemia virus, mainly as the consequence of ingestion of infected cells. several cases that strongly suggest transmission of hiv-1 through breast-feeding have now been reported. in addition, recent evidence suggests that p ... | 1992 | 1445596 |
| use of zidovudine following occupational exposure to human immunodeficiency virus. | | 1992 | 1445992 |
| lung cancer in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection compared with historic control subjects. | lung cancer infrequently may be associated with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection. this retrospective case-control study was undertaken to determine if there were differences in age, sex, and stage distribution and in survival between hiv-positive and hiv-indeterminate lung cancer patients. we compared 19 patients with both pathologically verified lung cancer and hiv infection proved by serologic study with lung cancer patients with an indeterminate hiv status. all 19 hiv-positive lun ... | 1992 | 1446476 |
| reduction of pulmonary surfactant in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | we assessed qualitative and quantitative differences in surfactant lipid composition of bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) fluid in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) and pneumocystis carinii (pc) pneumonia. five normal volunteers and 27 patients with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection underwent bal for evaluation of possible pulmonary infection. bronchoalveolar lavage studies in eight patients were negative for pc organisms, and 19 were positive. pneumocystis carinii p ... | 1992 | 1446480 |