| Porcine intestinal epithelial responses to Campylobacter infection. | Campylobacter infection is estimated to cause diarrhoea in 1% of the population of developed countries every year, but our understanding of this disease has been hampered by a lack of a suitable animal model. Colostrum-deprived piglets have been suggested as models since they produce similar clinical signs to humans when infected but little information currently exists regarding the response of this species to Campylobacter at cellular and molecular level. This study shows that intestinal epithe ... | 2011 | 21944733 |
| Empiric antimicrobial therapy and infectious diarrhea. Do we need local guidelines? | In the management of acute diarrhea, administration of antibiotics may be indicated. Appropriate antimicrobial therapy can shorten illness, reduce morbidity and can be life-saving in invasive infections. Emergence of microbial strains resistant to commonly used antibiotics means that treatment failures may become common. Because of changing patterns of resistance, knowledge of recent local patterns of susceptibility can guide the initial choice of antibiotics. | 2011 | 21925045 |
| simple media and conditions for inter-laboratory transport of campylobacter jejuni isolates. | background: campylobacter jejuni is one of the most important agents of zoonotic disease. production as well as companion animals can be the infectious source for campylobacteriosis in humans. hence, epidemiological research on animal colonization, survival in food of animal origin, and human campylobacteriosis is of high priority. as such studies involve worldwide co-operations and should include further typing of isolates in reference centers, using a reliable method for transportation is esse ... | 2011 | 22029851 |
| Effect of Cooled and Chlorinated Chiller Water on Campylobacter and Coliform Counts on Broiler Carcasses during Chilling at a Middle-Size Poultry Processing Plant. | To evaluate the effect of cooled and chlorinated chill water for Campylobacter and coliforms at a middle-size processing plant which was considered to be difficult for eliminate pathogenic bacteria on carcasses, following three conditions were examined; keeping temperature at <20, <10 and <10?, and chlorine concentration at <50, <50 and 50 to 70 ppm during processing in experiment 1, 2 and 3 respectively. Fifteen prechill and 15 postchill carcasses were examined in each experiment. In lower temp ... | 2011 | 21897062 |
| prevalence of campylobacter species in adult crohn's disease and the preferential colonization sites of campylobacter species in the human intestine. | crohn's disease (cd) and ulcerative colitis (uc) are the two major forms of inflammatory bowel disease (ibd). a high prevalence of campylobacter concisus was previously detected in paediatric cd and adult uc. currently, the prevalence of c. concisus in adult cd and the preferential colonization sites of campylobacter species in the human intestine are unknown. in this study, we examined the prevalence of campylobacter species in biopsies collected from multiple anatomic sites of adult patients w ... | 2011 | 21966525 |
| isolation of campylobacter from circulating blood of commercial broilers. | campylobacter spp. are present in organs and tissues of broiler chickens but the dissemination route is unclear. the aim of the current study was to determine campylobacter prevalence within circulating blood of commercial broilers. broilers were acquired from 19 flocks originating from three commercial poultry processing companies. using aseptic blood collection techniques, 5 ml of circulating blood was collected from each bird and the sample analyzed for campylobacter. the campylobacter coloni ... | 2011 | 22017033 |
| Galactosaminogalactan, a new immunosuppressive polysaccharide of Aspergillus fumigatus. | A new polysaccharide secreted by the human opportunistic fungal pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus has been characterized. Carbohydrate analysis using specific chemical degradations, mass spectrometry, ¹H and ¹³C nuclear magnetic resonance showed that this polysaccharide is a linear heterogeneous galactosaminogalactan composed of a1-4 linked galactose and a1-4 linked N-acetylgalactosamine residues where both monosacharides are randomly distributed and where the percentage of galactose per chain vari ... | 2011 | 22102815 |
| Outbreak of acute gastroenteritis due to a washwater-contaminated water supply, Switzerland, 2008. | An operating error in a sewage treatment plant led to severe drinking water contamination in a well-defined district of a suburban municipality of Zurich, Switzerland. Despite the alert issued to the local population on the same day advising people not to consume the contaminated water, cases of acute gastroenteric diseases were subsequently observed. Considerable faecal contamination was detected the day after the incident in water samples taken up to 500 m from the sewage plant. In a retrospec ... | 2011 | 21976203 |
| The cinnamon-oil ingredient trans-cinnamaldehyde fails to target Campylobacter jejuni strain KC 40 in the broiler chicken cecum despite marked in vitro activity. | Campylobacter jejuni is the most common bacterial cause of diarrheal disease in humans worldwide, with poultry products being a major source. Therefore, strategies to decrease Campylobacter colonization during primary production might aid in reducing the number of human campylobacteriosis cases. Several plant-derived compounds have been reported to possess anti-Campylobacter properties in vitro, so they could be promising candidates to reduce Campylobacter colonization in broiler chickens. To t ... | 2011 | 22004822 |
| Genetic Markers for Rapid PCR-Based Identification of Gull, Canada Goose, Duck, and Chicken Fecal Contamination in Water. | Avian feces contaminate waterways but contribute fewer human pathogens than human sources. Rapid identification and quantification of avian contamination would therefore be useful to prevent overestimation of human health risk. We used subtractive hybridization of PCR-amplified gull fecal 16S RNA genes to identify avian-specific fecal rRNA gene sequences. The subtracters were rRNA genes amplified from human, dog, cat, cow, and pig feces. Recovered sequences were related to Enterobacteriaceae (47 ... | 2012 | 22081573 |
| Gastrointestinal infection as a trigger for inflammatory bowel disease. | There is accumulating evidence on the importance of microbes in the development and maintenance of both the intestinal and immune systems. This review focuses on the current findings on the role of gastrointestinal pathogens in the cause of chronic inflammatory bowel disease. | 2012 | 22080823 |
| Increased information on waterborne outbreaks through efficient notification system enforces actions towards safe drinking water. | In 1997, a compulsory notification system for waterborne outbreaks was introduced in Finland. The main aim of this notification is to obtain immediate information on suspected waterborne outbreaks in order to restrict and manage the outbreak promptly. During the past ten years, there have been 67 waterborne outbreaks in Finland, mainly associated with small groundwater supplies or private wells. The number of reported waterborne outbreaks has increased since the launch of the notification system ... | 2011 | 22048435 |
| prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of campylobacter in raw milk in the selected areas of poland. | during the recent years, an immense increase in the number of food poisoning cases in people caused by campylobacter (c.) species has occurred. raw milk, next to poultry meat, is considered the most frequent cause of food poisoning in people caused by the subject bacteria, although it is not always possible to isolate campylobacter cells from the incriminated milk. most probably this difficulty is caused by low concentration of the pathogen in milk at the level of 2/3 cells/ml although even such ... | 2011 | 21957744 |
| [chronic subdural hematoma infected by campylobacter fetus: case report.] | we report here a rare case of chronic subdural hematoma infected by campylobacter fetus in a 86-year-old woman. she was admitted for confusion and disorientation in a context of high fever and diarrhoea. after two surgeries, the evolution was finally good with a combination of antibiotics (amoxicillin and clindamycin). chronic subdural hematoma is a potential site for bacterial infection. our case suggests that c. fetus infection should be suspected in elderly patients presenting with fever and ... | 2011 | 22154423 |
| bacterial aetiology of diarrhoeal diseases and antimicrobial resistance in dhaka, bangladesh, 2005-2008. | summaryinfectious diarrhoea caused by bacterial pathogens contributes to the high level of mortality in developing countries like bangladesh. following standard bacteriological procedures, a total of 14 428 bacterial pathogens were isolated from 56 132 stool samples and rectal swabs collected from diarrhoeal patients between 2005 and 2008. the rate of isolation and antimicrobial susceptibility data were retrospectively analysed for these isolates and among them vibrio spp. (42·9%) were the most ... | 2011 | 22040529 |
| caecal transcriptome analysis of colonized and non-colonized chickens within two genetic lines that differ in caecal colonization by campylobacter jejuni. | campylobacter jejuni is one of the most common causes of human bacterial enteritis worldwide. the molecular mechanisms of the host responses of chickens to c. jejuni colonization are not well understood. we have previously found differences in c. jejuni colonization at 7-days post-inoculation (pi) between two genetic broiler lines. however, within each line, not all birds were colonized by c. jejuni (27.5% colonized in line a, and 70% in line b). therefore, the objective of the present experimen ... | 2011 | 21906100 |
| campylobacter jejuni infection and its virulence associated genes among children with moderate to severe diarrhea attended at emergency rooms in northeastern brazil. | campylobacter is an important cause of foodborne gastroenteritis. we determined the occurrence of campylobacter sp. - using culture-based methods - and c. jejuni, c. coli and some virulence associated genes (vag) - using pcr - among children aged ≤ 14 years attended at emergency rooms in northeastern brazil because of diarrhea. genomic dna was extracted directly from stool samples collected from 366 children. a survey form regarding clinical parameters was applied to caretakers. c. jejuni was de ... | 2011 | 22174372 |
| characterization of a unique modification of the flagellar rod protein flgg by the campylobacter jejuni lipid a phosphoethanolamine transferase, linking bacterial locomotion and antimicrobial peptide resistance. | gram-negative bacteria assemble complex surface structures which interface with the surrounding environment and are involved in pathogenesis. recent work in campylobacter jejuni identified a gene encoding a novel phosphoethanolamine (petn) transferase cj0256, renamed eptc, that serves a dual role in modifying the flagellar rod protein, flgg, and the lipid a domain of c. jejuni lipooligosaccharide (los) with a petn residue. in this work, we characterize the unique post-translational petn modifi ... | 2011 | 22158617 |
| Oral and fecal Campylobacter concisus strains perturb barrier function by apoptosis induction in HT-29/B6 intestinal epithelial cells. | Campylobacter concisus infections of the gastrointestinal tract can be accompanied by diarrhea and inflammation, whereas colonization of the human oral cavity might have a commensal nature. We focus on the pathophysiology of C. concisus and the effects of different clinical oral and fecal C. concisus strains on human HT-29/B6 colon cells. Six oral and eight fecal strains of C. concisus were isolated. Mucus-producing HT-29/B6 epithelial monolayers were infected with the C. concisus strains. Trans ... | 2011 | 21887334 |
| crystallization of a 79 kda fragment of the hook protein flge from campylobacter jejuni. | a 79 kda fragment of the bacterial flagellar hook protein flge from campylobacter jejuni was cloned, overexpressed, purified and crystallized. two different crystal forms were obtained. synchrotron x-ray diffraction data showed that the first crystal form, which diffracted to 4.9 å resolution, belonged to the tetragonal crystal system, with space group i4(1)22 and unit-cell parameters a = b = 186.2, c = 386.6 å, α = β = γ = 90°. the second crystal form diffracted to 2.5 å resolution and belonged ... | 2011 | 22139190 |
| molecular detection of human periodontal pathogens in oral swab specimens from dogs in japan. | periodontal diseases are known to be major diseases in humans, and are also common in dogs. the purpose of the present study was to analyze the distribution of periodontitis-related bacterial species using oral swab specimens collected from 26 pet dogs. the distribution of an animal gingival organism porphyromonas gulae, in addition to 10 human periodontitis-related bacterial species, including porphyromonas gingivalis, treponema denticola, tannerella forsythia, capnocytophaga ochracea, capnocyt ... | 2011 | 21916371 |
| aerobic oral and rectal bacteria of free-ranging steller sea lion pups and juveniles (eumetopias jubatus) in alaska. | bacteriologic cultures from oral, rectal, and lesion samples from free-ranging steller sea lion (ssl, eumetopias jubatus) pups and juveniles in alaska (2001-2005) were examined to determine frequency of infection by a specific subset of common and pathogenic aerobic bacteria. associations between isolated bacteria and age, sex, body condition, location, and sampling season were investigated. salmonella spp. isolates were further evaluated to determine spatial clustering (n=48) and to identify se ... | 2011 | 22102651 |
| Ciliate Ingestion and Digestion: Flow Cytometric Measurements and Regrowth of a Digestion-Resistant Campylobacter jejuni. | We measured ingestion and digestion rates of the pathogenic bacterium Campylobacter jejuni by a freshwater ciliate Colpoda sp. to determine whether Campylobacter is able to resist protist digestion. Campylobacter and the nonpathogenic bacterium Pseudomonas putida LH1 were labeled with a 5-chloromethylfluorescein diacetate, which fluoresces in intact and active cells but fades when exposed to low pH environments, such as protistan food vacuoles. Ingestion and digestion rates were measured via flo ... | 2011 | 22092598 |
| synthesis of the 6-o-methyl-d-glycero-α-l-gluco-heptopyranose moiety present in the capsular polysaccharide from campylobacter jejuni nctc 11168. | the first synthesis of the 6-o-methyl-d-glycero-α-l-gluco-heptopyranose moiety present in the capsular polysaccharide from campylobacter jejuni nctc 11168 is reported. the target (1) was synthesized as the 8-aminooctyl glycoside and then conjugated to bovine serum albumin (bsa) for the generation of antibodies recognizing this motif. heptose 1 was obtained from d-galactose via a series of galactofuranose derivatives. | 2011 | 21879746 |
| the pathogenic potential of campylobacter concisus strains associated with chronic intestinal diseases. | campylobacter concisus has garnered increasing attention due to its association with intestinal disease, thus, the pathogenic potential of strains isolated from different intestinal diseases was investigated. a method to isolate c. concisus was developed and the ability of eight strains from chronic and acute intestinal diseases to adhere to and invade intestinal epithelial cells was determined. features associated with bacterial invasion were investigated using comparative genomic analyses and ... | 2011 | 22194985 |
| quality control strain campylobacter jejuni atcc 33560 contains a frameshift mutation in the cmer regulator. | | 2011 | 22143527 |
| Alternative Spermidine Biosynthetic Route Is Critical for Growth of Campylobacter jejuni and Is the Dominant Polyamine Pathway in Human Gut Microbiota. | The availability of fully sequenced bacterial genomes has revealed that many species known to synthesize the polyamine spermidine lack the spermidine biosynthetic enzymes S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase and spermidine synthase. We found that such species possess orthologues of the sym-norspermidine biosynthetic enzymes carboxynorspermidine dehydrogenase and carboxynorspermidine decarboxylase. By deleting these genes in the food-borne pathogen Campylobacter jejuni, we found that the carboxynor ... | 2011 | 22025614 |
| molecular detection of in-vivo microbial contamination of metallic orthodontic brackets by checkerboard dna-dna hybridization. | knowing the microbiota that colonizes orthodontic appliances is important for planning strategies and implementing specific preventive measures during treatment. the purpose of this clinical trial was to evaluate in vivo the contamination of metallic orthodontic brackets with 40 dna probes for different bacterial species by using the checkerboard dna-dna hybridization (cddh) technique. | 2012 | 22196182 |
| Quantification of polyphenols during retting and characterization of bacteria from the Kadinamkulam Backwaters, Kerala. | The retting environment which provides a competitive niche for specialized microbes is speculated to harbour a variety of microbes with high biodegradation potential. In this context, an effort has been made to isolate and identify bacterial species having high tolerance to phenol In vitro. Maximum polyphenol (1.897 mg l(-1)) as observed during the initial period of retting, which decreased as retting proceeded. Based on biochemical characterization, the isolated bacterial strains were identifie ... | 2011 | 21888245 |
| antimicrobial resistance in campylobacter spp. isolated from ontario sheep flocks and associations between antimicrobial use and antimicrobial resistance. | the objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance (amr) in faecal campylobacter spp. from lambs and adult sheep and associations between antimicrobial use (amu) and amr. a total of 275 faecal samples collected during initial and final visits from 51 sheep flocks, including one feedlot, across southern ontario were tested for the presence of campylobacter spp. campylobacter jejuni was detected in 52% (143/275) of the faecal samples, campylobacter coli in 7% ... | 2012 | 22273455 |
| treatment of raw poultry with nonthermal dielectric barrier discharge plasma to reduce campylobacter jejuni and salmonella enterica. | nonthermal plasma has been shown to be effective in reducing pathogens on the surface of a range of fresh produce products. the research presented here investigated the effectiveness of nonthermal dielectric barrier discharge plasma on salmonella enterica and campylobacter jejuni inoculated onto the surface of boneless skinless chicken breast and chicken thigh with skin. chicken samples were inoculated with antibiotic-resistant strains of s. enterica and c. jejuni at levels of 10(1) to 10(4) cf ... | 2012 | 22221351 |
| detection and quantification of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli using real-time multiplex pcr. | aims: we describe a real-time multiplex pcr (qmpcr) assay to identify and discriminate between isolates of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli. methods and results: two novel sets of primers and hydrolysis probes were designed to amplify the unique dna sequences within the hipo, ccon and cadf genes that are specific to c. jejuni and c. coli. by using the designed optimized qmpcr assay conditions, the amplification efficiency is in range from 108 to 116%. these qmpcr assays are highly s ... | 2012 | 22256961 |
| role of attachment to surfaces on the prevalence and survival of campylobacter through food systems. | campylobacter continues to be one of the bacterial pathogens most frequently associated with human gastrointestinal illness worldwide. because campylobacter primarily colonizes the intestines of animals used for food production, food products of animal origin can become contaminated with this pathogen and thus represent a significant risk factor. despite application of numerous physical and chemical interventions to control campylobacter during food processing, the high isolation rate of this p ... | 2012 | 22221378 |
| investigation of chemical rinses suitable for very small meat plants to reduce pathogens on beef surfaces. | numerous antimicrobial interventions are capable of reducing the prevalence of harmful bacteria on raw meat products. there is a need to identify effective and inexpensive antimicrobial interventions that could, in practice, be used in very small meat plants because of limited financial, space, and labor resources. eight antimicrobial compounds (acetic acid, citric acid, lactic acid, peroxyacetic acid, acidified sodium chlorite, chlorine dioxide, sodium hypochlorite, and aqueous ozone) were app ... | 2012 | 22221350 |
| necrotizing periodontal diseases in hiv-infected brazilian patients: a clinical and microbiologic descriptive study. | objective: nowadays, necrotizing periodontal diseases have a low prevalence; however, a better understanding of the etiopathogenesis of these diseases is necessary for determining more adequate preventive and therapeutic strategies. method and materials: from a pool of 1,232 hiv-infected patients, 15 presented with necrotizing periodontal diseases, which were evaluated by full-mouth periodontal clinical measurements. subgingival biofilm samples were collected from necrotizing lesions of six of t ... | 2012 | 22259811 |
| quantification of campylobacter in swine before, during, and after the slaughter process. | campylobacter has been implicated as a major cause of foodborne illness worldwide. pigs can be subclinically infected, and fecal contamination of meat during slaughter is a food safety risk. the objective of this study was to determine the association between the concentration of campylobacter pre- and periharvest with postharvest contamination in swine. samples were collected from 100 individually identified swine during the pre-, peri-, and postharvest periods. for each animal, the following ... | 2012 | 22221367 |
| gq1b-seronegative fisher syndrome: clinical features and new serological markers. | igg anti-gq1b antibodies are a powerful serological marker for the diagnosis of fisher syndrome (fs), but little is known regarding serological markers in fs patients that do not have the autoantibodies. the authors analyzed igg antibodies against gangliosides other than gq1b, ganglioside complexes, and ganglioside-like lipo-oligosaccharide (los) of campylobacter jejuni isolates from fs patients. we identified 24 (12%) patients with gq1b-seronegative fs among 207 fs patients who had been referre ... | 2012 | 22218648 |
| risk and prognosis of campylobacteriosis in relation to polymorphisms of host inflammatory cytokine genes. | the risk of infection with campylobacter jejuni/coli as well as complications may be related to host genetics. we assessed six single-nucleotide polymorphisms in inflammatory cytokine genes in 105 patients with campylobacter jejuni/coli gastroenteritis. the population distribution of the genes was determined in healthy subjects. the patients responded to mailed questionnaires with regard to reactive arthritis (ra) and irritable bowel syndrome (ibs) in six months follow-up. the genotype infg(+ 87 ... | 2012 | 22229864 |
| culture-independent real-time pcr reveals extensive polymicrobial infections in hospitalized diarrhoea cases in kolkata, india. | clin microbiol infect abstract: culture-independent identification of diarrhoeal aetiological agents was performed using dna harvested from diarrhoeal stool specimens with sybr-green-based real-time pcr targeting vibrio cholerae, vibrio parahaemolyticus, campylobacter spp., shigella spp. and three different pathotypes of diarrhoeagenic escherichia coli. conventional culture-dependent methods detected bacterial enteropathogens in 68 of 122 diarrhoeal stool specimens. of 68 specimens, 59 (86.8%) h ... | 2011 | 22268636 |
| use of amplified-fragment length polymorphism to study the ecology of campylobacter jejuni in environmental water and to predict multi-locus sequence typing clonal complexes. | we determined the genetic variability among water isolates of campylobacter jejuni using aflp and mlst. across a highly diverse collection of isolates, aflp clusters did not correlate with mlst clonal complexes, suggesting that alfp is not reliable for deciphering population genetic relationships and may be problematic for larger epidemiologic analyses. | 2012 | 22267674 |
| observational study of the prevalence and antibiotic resistance of campylobacter spp. from different poultry production systems in kwazulu-natal, south africa. | campylobacter bacteria are important foodborne pathogens that cause acute diarrheal illness, and infection is often associated with contaminated poultry. in a blind observational study, the prevalence and resistance profiles of thermophilic campylobacter strains collected from different poultry production systems were tested against the clinically used antibiotics ciprofloxacin, tetracycline, erythromycin, gentamicin, and streptomycin. campylobacter strains were isolated from chickens in rural ... | 2012 | 22221370 |
| source attribution of human campylobacteriosis using a meta-analysis of case-control studies of sporadic infections. | summarycampylobacter spp. is a widespread and important cause of human illness worldwide. disease is frequently associated with foodborne transmission, but other routes of exposure, such as direct contact with live animals and person-to-person transmission, are also recognized. identifying the most important sources of human disease is essential for prioritizing food safety interventions and setting public health goals. numerous case-control studies of sporadic infections of campylobacteriosis h ... | 2012 | 22214729 |
| the patient presenting with acute dysentery - a systematic review. | objectives: the etiologies, clinical presentations and diagnosis of acute pathogen-specific dysentery in children and adults in industrialized and developing regions is described to help develop recommendations for therapy. methods: we conducted a systematic review of literature published between january 2000 and june 2011 to determine the frequency of occurrence of pathogen-specific dysentery. results: shigella, salmonella, and campylobacter remain the most frequent bacterial causes of dysenter ... | 2012 | 22266388 |
| pyrosequencing-based validation of a simple cell-suspension polymerase chain reaction assay for campylobacter with application of high-processivity polymerase and novel internal amplification controls for rapid and specific detection. | although campylobacter is an important food-borne human pathogen, there remains a lack of molecular diagnostic assays that are simple to use, cost-effective, and provide rapid results in research, clinical, or regulatory laboratories. of the numerous campylobacter assays that do exist, to our knowledge none has been empirically tested for specificity using high-throughput sequencing. here we demonstrate the power of next-generation sequencing to determine the specificity of a widely cited campyl ... | 2012 | 22248734 |
| occurrence and molecular analysis of campylobacter in wildlife on livestock farms. | wildlife harbor a variety of campylobacter spp. and may play a significant role in the transmission of campylobacter to livestock. although studies have been conducted on wildlife-associated campylobacter isolates from farms in other countries, there are little data available for livestock farms in the united states. in addition, the critical questions of whether wildlife harbor campylobacter that is pathogenic to ruminants and/or antibiotic-resistant campylobacter have yet to be addressed. we c ... | 2011 | 22266157 |
| reliability of a multiplex pcr assay for the identification of the major campylobacter taxa. | the primer pair (c412f/c1228r) constructed previously for the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) identification of the genus campylobacter using an approximate 800 base pair (bp) 16s rrna gene target segment proved to be useful for the identification of a total of 49 campylobacter lari isolates including urease-positive thermophilic campylobacter (uptc) organisms (n=25). when the primer pair (clf/r) developed previously for the pcr identification of c. lari species using an approximate 250 bp glya ... | 2011 | 22263432 |
| laboratory-based surveillance of campylobacter and salmonella infection and the importance of denominator data. | summarylaboratory data are the cornerstone in surveillance of infectious disease. we investigated whether changes in reported incidence of campylobacter and salmonella infection might be explained by changes in stool sampling rates. data were extracted from a national database on 585 843 patient stool samples tested by microbiology laboratories in wales between 1998 and 2008. salmonella incidence fell from 43 to 19 episodes/100 000 population but campylobacter incidence after declining from 111/ ... | 2012 | 22217369 |