| severe acute respiratory infection in children in a densely populated urban slum in kenya, 2007-2011. | reducing acute respiratory infection burden in children in africa remains a major priority and challenge. we analyzed data from population-based infectious disease surveillance for severe acute respiratory illness (sari) among children <5 years of age in kibera, a densely populated urban slum in nairobi, kenya. | 2015 | 25879805 |
| [clinical value of viral detection of liquid chip method in community-acquired pneumonia]. | to evaluate the clinical value of viral detection of liquid chip method in community-acquired pneumonia (cap). | 2015 | 25877241 |
| direct multiplexed whole genome sequencing of respiratory tract samples reveals full viral genomic information. | acute respiratory tract infections (rti) cause substantial morbidity during childhood, and are responsible for the majority of pediatric infectious diseases. although most acute rti are thought to be of viral origin, viral etiology is still unknown in a significant number of cases. | 2015 | 25866327 |
| clinical outcomes associated with respiratory virus detection before allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant. | the management of respiratory virus infections prior to hematopoietic cell transplant (hct) is difficult. we examined whether respiratory virus detection before hct influenced the requirement for bronchoscopy, hospitalization, and overall survival following hct. | 2015 | 25847977 |
| hra2pl peptide: a fusion inhibitor for human metapneumovirus produced in tobacco plants by transient transformation. | the hra2pl peptide expressed by transient transformation in n. tabacum plants is capable of inhibiting the binding of the human metapneumovirus to hep-2 cells at the fusion stage. human metapneumovirus (hmpv) is an agent responsible for acute respiratory infections that mainly affects children under 3 years, the elderly and immunocompromised patients. in children younger than 5 years, respiratory tract infections account for 20 % of deaths worldwide. however, there is currently no treatment or v ... | 2015 | 25828350 |
| viral etiology of acute lower respiratory tract infections in hospitalized young children in a children's referral hospital in iran. | viruses are considered major causes of acute respiratory tract infections among children under 5 years old. in this study we investigated the prevalence of three respiratory viruses--respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), influenza virus (inf) and adenovirus (adv)--among hospitalized children with acute viral lower respiratory tract infections (lrtis). nasopharyngeal aspirates were collected from children under five who had been hospitalized for lrtis. the clinical data, including demographic data ( ... | 2015 | 25818953 |
| effect of in vitro syncytium formation on the severity of human metapneumovirus disease in a murine model. | human metapneumovirus (hmpv) is an important cause of acute respiratory tract infections (arti) in children, elderly individuals and immunocompromised patients. in vitro, different hmpv strains can induce variable cytopathic effects ranging from large multinucleated syncytia to focal cell rounding. in this study, we investigated the impact of different in vitro phenotypes of two hmpv strains on viral replication and disease severity in a balb/c mouse model. we first generated two recombinant gfp ... | 2015 | 25803584 |
| comparison of bronchiolitis of human metapneumovirus and human respiratory syncytial virus. | | 2015 | 25790057 |
| phylogenetic analysis of human metapneumovirus detected in hospitalized patients in kuwait during the years 2009-2011. | human metapneumovirus (hmpv) is an important cause of both upper and lower respiratory tract infections (rtis) in all age groups. children, elderly, and immunocompromised individuals are the most affected groups. hmpv infection accounts for 5% of hospitalized patients with respiratory tract infections in kuwait. it is mostly detected among infants and elderly age groups, and both hmpv genotypes a and b circulate in kuwait. | 2015 | 25773766 |
| human metapneumovirus infection activates the tslp pathway that drives excessive pulmonary inflammation and viral replication in mice. | human metapneumovirus (hmpv) is a leading cause of acute respiratory tract infections in children and the elderly. the mechanism by which this virus triggers an inflammatory response still remains unknown. here, we evaluated whether the thymic stromal lymphopoietin (tslp) pathway contributes to lung inflammation upon hmpv infection. we found that hmpv infection promotes tslp expression both in human airway epithelial cells and in the mouse lung. hmpv infection induced lung infiltration of ox40l( ... | 2015 | 25763996 |
| an outbreak of human metapneumovirus in a rehabilitation center for alcoholics in tampere, finland. | reports of respiratory tract infections in a rehabilitation center for alcoholics triggered the epidemiological investigations in tampere, finland. twenty-nine out of 40 residents (attack rate 73%) and four members of staff fulfilled the case criteria: cough; worsening of dyspnea; or rhinitis with or without fever. ten cases were hospitalized, one needed treatment in the intensive care unit. all cases recovered. serum hmpv antibody titer was high (10 240 or more) in 20 (69%) of the 29 tested cas ... | 2015 | 25761612 |
| etiology of pediatric fever in western kenya: a case-control study of falciparum malaria, respiratory viruses, and streptococcal pharyngitis. | in kenya, more than 10 million episodes of acute febrile illness are treated annually among children under 5 years. most are clinically managed as malaria without parasitological confirmation. there is an unmet need to describe pathogen-specific etiologies of fever. we enrolled 370 febrile children and 184 healthy controls. we report demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with plasmodium falciparum, group a streptococcal (gas) pharyngitis, and respiratory viruses (influenza a and b ... | 2015 | 25758648 |
| poor outcome of acute respiratory infection in young children with underlying health condition in brazil. | it is well established that respiratory viruses are an important cause of hospitalizations in young children worldwide, but data are limited on the contribution of specific viruses to severe illness in south america. we describe clinical and laboratory findings from prospective surveillance for acute respiratory infections at a tertiary hospital in são paulo, brazil. | 2015 | 25747778 |
| role of hydrogen sulfide in paramyxovirus infections. | hydrogen sulfide (h2s) is an endogenous gaseous mediator that has gained increasing recognition as an important player in modulating acute and chronic inflammatory diseases. however, its role in virus-induced lung inflammation is currently unknown. respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a major cause of upper and lower respiratory tract infections in children for which no vaccine or effective treatment is available. using the slow-releasing h2s donor gyy4137 and propargylglycin (pag), an inhibitor ... | 2015 | 25740991 |
| serologic cross-reactions between nucleocapsid proteins of human respiratory syncytial virus and human metapneumovirus. | human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv) and human metapneumovirus (hmpv) share virologic and epidemiologic features and cause clinically similar respiratory illness predominantly in young children. in a previous study of acute febrile respiratory illness in bangladesh, we tested paired serum specimens from 852 children presenting fever and cough for diagnostic increases in titers of antibody to hrsv and hmpv by enzyme immunoassay (eia). unexpectedly, of 93 serum pairs that showed a ≥ 4-fold inc ... | 2015 | 25740767 |
| the pneumovirinae fusion (f) protein: a common target for vaccines and antivirals. | the pneumovirinae fusion (f) protein mediates fusion of the virus and cell membrane, an essential step for entry of the viral genome in the cell cytoplasm and initiation of a new infectious cycle. accordingly, potent inhibitors of virus infectivity have been found among antibodies and chemical compounds that target the pneumovirinae f protein. recent developments in structure-based vaccines have led to a deeper understanding of f protein antigenicity, unveiling new conformations and epitopes whi ... | 2015 | 25738581 |
| other respiratory viruses are important contributors to adult respiratory hospitalizations and mortality even during peak weeks of the influenza season. | during peak weeks of seasonal influenza epidemics, severe respiratory infections without laboratory confirmation are typically attributed to influenza. | 2014 | 25734152 |
| community-acquired pneumonia requiring hospitalization among u.s. children. | incidence estimates of hospitalizations for community-acquired pneumonia among children in the united states that are based on prospective data collection are limited. updated estimates of pneumonia that has been confirmed radiographically and with the use of current laboratory diagnostic tests are needed. | 2015 | 25714161 |
| defective innate immune responses to respiratory syncytial virus infection in ovalbumin-sensitized mice. | respiratory viral infections have frequently been reported to closely correlate with asthma exacerbations. distinctive expression of cytokine/chemokine and anomalous responses of innate immunity induced by respiratory viral infections were suggested to play a key role. this study further evaluates the effects of airway sensitization on innate immunity in response to different viruses. | 2017 | 25708602 |
| outbreak of coinfection with human metapneumovirus and measles virus resulting in the death of a child at a hospital in china. | two children with different digestive diseases were admitted to the gastroenterology department of a children's hospital in hangzhou, zhejiang province, china, in may 2010. they manifested successively acute lower respiratory tract infection symptoms during their stay in the hospital. the epidemiologic and experimental evidence supports that one child acquired nosocomial coinfection with measles virus and human metapneumovirus from another child while they shared the same ward. | 2015 | 25690877 |
| recent vaccine development for human metapneumovirus. | human metapneumovirus (hmpv) and respiratory syncytial virus, its close family member, are two major causes of lower respiratory tract infection in the paediatric population. hmpv is also a common cause of worldwide morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients and older adults. repeated infections occur often, demonstrating a heavy medical burden. however, there is currently no hmpv-specific prevention treatment. this review focuses on the current literature on hmpv vaccine development. ... | 2015 | 25667325 |
| role of type i interferon signaling in human metapneumovirus pathogenesis and control of viral replication. | type i ifn signaling, which is initiated through activation of the alpha interferon receptor (ifnar), regulates the expression of proteins that are crucial contributors to immune responses. paramyxoviruses, including human metapneumovirus (hmpv), have evolved mechanisms to inhibit ifnar signaling, but the specific contribution of ifnar signaling to the control of hmpv replication, pathogenesis, and adaptive immunity is unknown. we used ifnar-deficient (ifnar(-/-)) mice to assess the effect of if ... | 2015 | 25653440 |
| role of dietary antioxidants in human metapneumovirus infection. | human metapneumovirus (hmpv) is a major cause of respiratory tract infections in children, elderly and immunocompromised hosts, for which no vaccine or treatment are currently available. oxidative stress and inflammatory responses represent important pathogenic mechanism(s) of hmpv infection. here, we explored the potential protective role of dietary antioxidants in hmpv infection. treatment of airway epithelial cells with resveratrol and quercetin during hmpv infection significantly reduced cel ... | 2015 | 25645280 |
| influenza a(h3n2) outbreak at transit center at manas, kyrgyzstan, 2014. | in february 2014, the u.s. air force school of aerospace medicine epidemiology consult service provided support in response to a moderate outbreak of influenza at the transit center at manas (kyrgyzstan). a total of 215 individuals presented with influenza-like illness symptoms from 3 december 2013 through 28 february 2014. there were 85 specimens positive for influenza (18 influenza a(h1n1)pdm09, 65 influenza a(h3n2), one influenza a/not subtyped, and one influenza b); six specimens were positi ... | 2015 | 25643090 |
| [molecular epidemiology of human metapneumovirus in children with respiratory tract infection in hangzhou]. | to understand the molecular epidemiologic features of human metapnenmovirus (hmpv) in children with respiratory tract infection in hangzhou. | 2014 | 25623460 |
| diagnosis of community-acquired acute respiratory illness: from conventional microbiological methods to molecular detection (multiplex). | investigations of the etiologic agents of community-acquired acute respiratory illness may lead to better treatment decisions and patient outcomes. in a routine care setting, we assessed the diagnostic performance of a multiplex pcr assay with respect to conventional microbiological methods, in a continuous series of adult cases of community-acquired acute respiratory illness. we enrolled 279 adult patients hospitalised for community-acquired acute respiratory illness at tours university hospita ... | 2015 | 25596173 |
| the seasonality of respiratory viruses in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis. | chronic rhinosinusitis (crs) is a common illness, yet little is known about its pathogenesis, including the role played by respiratory viruses. | 2015 | 25590310 |
| respiratory viral infections and subversion of cellular antioxidant defenses. | reactive oxygen species (ros) formation is part of normal cellular aerobic metabolism, due to respiration and oxidation of nutrients in order to generate energy. low levels of ros are involved in cellular signaling and are well controlled by the cellular antioxidant defense system. elevated levels of ros generation due to pollutants, toxins and radiation exposure, as well as infections, are associated with oxidative stress causing cellular damage. several respiratory viruses, including respirato ... | 2014 | 25584194 |
| blood mxa protein as a marker for respiratory virus infections in young children. | type i interferon induced mxa response can differentiate viral from bacterial infections, but mxa responses in rhinovirus or asymptomatic virus infections are not known. | 2015 | 25542463 |
| diagnosis of human metapneumovirus in patients hospitalized with acute lower respiratory tract infection using a metal-enhanced fluorescence technique. | human metapneumovirus (hmpv) is a common respiratory tract infection in children. however, conventional immunofluorescence assays (ifas) for detecting hmpv in respiratory samples have limited reliability with a sensitivity and false-negative predictive value of 58.1% and approximately 17.8%, respectively. in this study, hmpv was measured in 91 clinical respiratory samples (55 sputum and 36 nasopharyngeal aspirate samples), which were obtained from children under three years of age, utilizing our ... | 2015 | 25522922 |
| adjuvant effect of the human metapneumovirus (hmpv) matrix protein in hmpv subunit vaccines. | the human metapneumovirus (hmpv) fusion (f) protein is the most immunodominant protein, yet subunit vaccines containing only this protein do not confer complete protection. the hmpv matrix (m) protein induces the maturation of antigen-presenting cells in vitro. the inclusion of the m protein into an f protein subunit vaccine might therefore provide an adjuvant effect. we administered the f protein twice intramuscularly, adjuvanted with alum, the m protein or both, to balb/c mice at 3 week interv ... | 2015 | 25519171 |
| rapid and generic identification of influenza a and other respiratory viruses with mass spectrometry. | the rapid identification of existing and emerging respiratory viruses is crucial in combating outbreaks and epidemics. matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms) is a rapid and reliable identification method in bacterial diagnostics, but has not been used in virological diagnostics. mass spectrometry systems have been investigated for the identification of respiratory viruses. however, sample preparation methods were laborious and time-consuming. ... | 2015 | 25500183 |
| human metapneumovirus pneumonia in patients with hematological malignancies. | human metapneumovirus (hmpv) has recently emerged as a cause of respiratory infections in hematological patients. clinical data are lacking to guide the management of hmpv pneumonias. | 2014 | 25440914 |
| small animal models for human metapneumovirus: cotton rat is more permissive than hamster and mouse. | human metapneumovirus (hmpv) is the second most prevalent causative agent of pediatric respiratory infections worldwide. currently, there are no vaccines or antiviral drugs against this virus. one of the major hurdles in hmpv research is the difficulty to identify a robust small animal model to accurately evaluate the efficacy and safety of vaccines and therapeutics. in this study, we compared the replication and pathogenesis of hmpv in balb/c mice, syrian golden hamsters, and cotton rats. it wa ... | 2014 | 25438015 |
| human metapneumovirus infection among outpatient children in dibrugarh. | we describe the prevalence of human metapneumovirus infection in children visiting outpatient department with symptoms of respiratory illness in rural areas of dibrugarh district of assam. human metapneumovirus was observed in 7.2% (20/276) of children aged =5 years with detection of genotypes a2b and b2. | 2014 | 25432232 |
| occurrence of virus-induced copd exacerbations during four seasons. | in this study, we investigated the occurrence of viral infections in acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) during four seasons. viral infections were detected by the use of real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction on pharyngeal swabs. during a 12-month period pharyngeal swabs were obtained in 136 exacerbations of 63 patients. in 35 exacerbations (25.7%) a viral infection was detected. most viral infections occurred in the winter (n = 14, 40.0%), fol ... | 2015 | 25426994 |
| respiratory tract infections due to human metapneumovirus in immunocompromised children. | the clinical presentation and management of human metapneumovirus (hmpv) infections in immunocompromised children is not well understood. | 2014 | 25419459 |
| human metapneumovirus infection in chimpanzees, united states. | zoonotic disease transmission and infections are of particular concern for humans and closely related great apes. in 2009, an outbreak of human metapneumovirus infection was associated with the death of a captive chimpanzee in chicago, illinois, usa. biosecurity and surveillance for this virus in captive great ape populations should be considered. | 2014 | 25417845 |
| imaging analysis of human metapneumovirus-infected cells provides evidence for the involvement of f-actin and the raft-lipid microdomains in virus morphogenesis. | due to difficulties of culturing human metapneumovirus (hmpv) much of the current understanding of hmpv replication can be inferred from other closely related viruses. the slow rates of virus replication prevent many biochemical analyses of hmpv particles. in this study imaging was used to examine the process of hmpv morphogenesis in individually infected llc-mk2 cells, and to better characterise the sites of hmpv assembly. this strategy has circumvented the problems associated with slow replica ... | 2014 | 25408253 |
| phylogenetic analysis of human metapneumovirus among children with acute respiratory infections in kuala lumpur, malaysia. | human metapneumovirus (hmpv) is a recently discovered cause of viral respiratory infections. we describe clinical and molecular epidemiology of hmpv cases diagnosed in children with respiratory infection at university of malaya medical centre, kuala lumpur, malaysia. the prevalence rate of hmpv between 2010 and 2012 was 1.1%, and hmpv contributed 6.5% of confirmed viral respiratory infections. the hmpv patients had a median age of 1.6 years, and a median hospital admission of 4 days. the most co ... | 2014 | 25382484 |
| virus profile in children with acute respiratory infections with various severities in beijing, china. | acute respiratory infection (ari) is one of the most common infectious diseases in infants and young children globally. this study aimed to determine the virus profile in children with ari presenting with different severities. | 2014 | 25382323 |
| impact and regulation of lambda interferon response in human metapneumovirus infection. | human metapneumovirus (hmpv) is a respiratory paramyxovirus that is distributed worldwide and induces significant airway morbidity. despite the relevance of hmpv as a pathogen, many aspects of the immune response to this virus are still largely unknown. in this report, we focus on the antiviral immune response, which is critical for viral clearance and disease resolution. using in vitro and in vivo systems, we show that hmpv is able to induce expression of lambda interferon 1 (ifn-λ1), ifn-λ2, i ... | 2015 | 25355870 |
| human respiratory syncytial virus and metapneumovirus in patients with acute respiratory infection in colombia, 2000 - 2011. | to describe the epidemiology of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and human metapneumovirus (hmpv) in colombia from 2000 - 2011, including seasonal trends. | 2014 | 25345531 |
| programmed death-1 impairs secondary effector lung cd8⁺ t cells during respiratory virus reinfection. | reinfections with respiratory viruses are common and cause significant clinical illness, yet precise mechanisms governing this susceptibility are ill defined. lung ag-specific cd8(+) t cells (t(cd8)) are impaired during acute viral lower respiratory infection by the inhibitory receptor programmed death-1 (pd-1). to determine whether pd-1 contributes to recurrent infection, we first established a model of reinfection by challenging b cell-deficient mice with human metapneumovirus (hmpv) several w ... | 2014 | 25339663 |
| risk factors for a poor outcome among children admitted with clinically severe pneumonia to a university hospital in rabat, morocco. | data on prognostic factors among children with severe pneumonia are scarce in middle-income countries. we investigated prognostic factors for an adverse outcome among children admitted to the hôpital d'enfants de rabat, morocco with world health organization-defined clinically severe pneumonia (csp). | 2014 | 25305555 |
| detection of respiratory tract pathogens with molecular biology methods. | this paper describes the use in routine diagnosis of virological kit, which was designed to identify the 15 most common respiratory viruses in clinical specimens of nasopharyngeal aspirates, swabs, and bronchoalveolar lavage. it is a one-step multiplex rt-pcr system for the detection of influenza virus type a and type b, human respiratory syncytial virus type a, b; human adenovirus, human metapneumovirus, human coronaviruses 229e/nl63 and oc43, human parainfluenza type 1, 2, 3, human rhinovirus ... | 2015 | 25252894 |
| comparison of three commercial rt-pcr systems for the detection of respiratory viruses. | due to the insensitivity of rapid tests for respiratory viruses, nucleic acid amplification tests are quickly becoming the standard of care. | 2014 | 25183359 |
| [viral etiologies of hospitalized pneumonia patients aged less than five years in six provinces, 2009-2012]. | to analyze the viral etiologies of hospitalized pneumonia patients aged less than five years in six provinces during 2009-2012, and to describe the seasonality of the detected viral etiologies. | 2014 | 25174464 |
| impact of a rapid respiratory panel test on patient outcomes. | evolution of polymerase chain reaction testing for infectious pathogens has occurred concurrent with a focus on value-based medicine. | 2015 | 25152311 |
| respiratory viruses are continuously detected in children with chronic tonsillitis throughout the year. | to evaluate the oscillations on the viral detection in adenotonsillar tissues from patients with chronic adenotonsillar diseases as an indicia of the presence of persistent viral infections or acute subclinical infections. | 2014 | 25128448 |
| comparison of severe pneumonia caused by human metapneumovirus and respiratory syncytial virus in hospitalized children. | the objective of this study is to compare the incidence and clinical characteristics of severe pneumonia caused by human metapneumovirus (hmpv) to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection in children. | 2014 | 25118733 |
| exploring the potential of next-generation sequencing in detection of respiratory viruses. | efficient detection of human respiratory viral pathogens is crucial in the management of patients with acute respiratory tract infection. sequence-independent amplification of nucleic acids combined with next-generation sequencing technology and bioinformatics analyses is a promising strategy for identifying pathogens in clinical and public health settings. it allows the characterization of hundreds of different known pathogens simultaneously and of novel pathogens that elude conventional testin ... | 2014 | 25100822 |
| human metapneumovirus prevalence and molecular epidemiology in respiratory outbreaks in ontario, canada. | human metapneumovirus (hmpv) has been identified previously as a cause of respiratory outbreaks in adults, including the elderly. the objective of this study was to document respiratory outbreaks that were caused by hmpv in ontario, canada and to identify the various circulating genotypes during april 2009-february 2012. the majority of the outbreaks that were part of this study were in adults (>65 years). total nucleic acid extraction was done on 123 residual anonymized clinical specimens from ... | 2015 | 25091145 |
| comparison of human metapneumovirus, respiratory syncytial virus and rhinovirus respiratory tract infections in young children admitted to hospital. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), human metapneumovirus (hmpv), and rhinoviruses (rv) are frequent causes of respiratory tract infections in young children. we compared laboratory and clinical findings in children with comparable age distribution and hospitalized due to rsv, hmpv or rv infections. viral pathogens were detected by a quantitative real time pcr from nasopharyngeal aspirates. no significant differences in the admission diagnosis, laboratory parameters, patient demographics and trea ... | 2015 | 25074284 |
| comparison of a new transport medium with universal transport medium at a tropical field site. | limited data are available in rural honduran settings describing the etiology of respiratory infections, partially due to limited specimen transport. a new molecular transport media (mtm) preserves released nucleic acid at ambient temperature for later detection. prospective surveillance was conducted in a honduran clinic to identify 233 children less than 5 years of age presenting with respiratory symptoms. we obtained 2 nasopharyngeal samples and stored 1 in primestore® mtm at room temperature ... | 2014 | 25070008 |
| detection of respiratory viruses in sputum from adults by use of automated multiplex pcr. | respiratory tract infections (rti) frequently cause hospital admissions among adults. diagnostic viral reverse transcriptase pcr (rt-pcr) of nose and throat swabs (nts) is useful for patient care by informing antiviral use and appropriate isolation. however, automated rt-pcr systems are not amenable to utilizing sputum due to its viscosity. we evaluated a simple method of processing sputum samples in a fully automated respiratory viral panel rt-pcr assay (filmarray). archived sputum and nts samp ... | 2014 | 25056335 |
| outbreak of human metapneumovirus infection in a severe motor-and-intellectual disabilities ward in japan. | | 2014 | 25056083 |
| structural insights into the human metapneumovirus glycoprotein ectodomain. | human metapneumovirus is a major cause of respiratory tract infections worldwide. previous reports have shown that the viral attachment glycoprotein (g) modulates innate and adaptive immune responses, leading to incomplete immunity and promoting reinfection. using bioinformatics analyses, static light scattering, and small-angle x-ray scattering, we show that the extracellular region of g behaves as a heavily glycosylated, intrinsically disordered polymer. we discuss potential implications of th ... | 2014 | 25031352 |
| etiology and clinical outcomes of acute respiratory virus infection in hospitalized adults. | etiologies and clinical profiles of acute respiratory viral infections need to be clarified to improve preventive and therapeutic strategies. | 2014 | 25024868 |
| acute clearance of human metapneumovirus occurs independently of natural killer cells. | human metapneumovirus (hmpv) is a major cause of respiratory disease. the role of nk cells in protection against hmpv is unclear. we show that while hmpv-infected c57bl/6 mice had higher numbers of functional lung nk cells than mock-treated mice, comparing nk cell-depleted and control mice did not reveal differences in lung viral titers, histopathology, cytokine levels, or t cell numbers or function. these data indicate that nk cells are not required for host control of hmpv. | 2014 | 24965465 |
| viral etiologies of hospitalized acute lower respiratory infection patients in china, 2009-2013. | acute lower respiratory infections (alris) are an important cause of acute illnesses and mortality worldwide and in china. however, a large-scale study on the prevalence of viral infections across multiple provinces and seasons has not been previously reported from china. here, we aimed to identify the viral etiologies associated with alris from 22 chinese provinces. | 2014 | 24945280 |
| preceding human metapneumovirus infection increases adherence of streptococcus pneumoniae and severity of murine pneumococcal pneumonia. | coinfection with respiratory virus and streptococcus pneumoniae has been frequently reported in several epidemiologic studies. the aim of this study was to explore the effect of preceding human metapneumovirus (hmpv) inoculation on subsequent pneumococcal infection. | 2016 | 24931548 |
| epidemiology characteristics of respiratory viruses found in children and adults with respiratory tract infections in southern china. | the world health organization (who) ranks respiratory tract infection (rti) as the second leading cause of death worldwide for children under 5 years of age. the aim of this work was to evaluate the epidemiology characteristics of respiratory viruses found in children and adults with rti from july 2009 to june 2012 in southern china. | 2014 | 24927663 |
| single and multipathogen viral infections in hospitalized children with acute respiratory infections. | we aimed to describe the viral etiology of acute respiratory tract infections in children aged 0-8 years admitted to grigore alexandrescu hospital, the largest pediatric hospital in romania. the patients had clinical diagnosis of pneumonia, bronchiolitis or viral respiratory infections and had been hospitalized between september 2010 and september 2011. the study was part of the "molecular investigations of acute respiratory infections caused by non-influenza viruses, to assess the implications ... | 2014 | 24923107 |
| paramyxovirus infection regulates t cell responses by bdca-1+ and bdca-3+ myeloid dendritic cells. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and human metapneumovirus (hmpv), viruses belonging to the family paramyxoviridae, are the most important causes of lower respiratory tract infection in young children. infections with rsv and hmpv are clinically indistinguishable, and both rsv and hmpv infection have been associated with aberrant adaptive immune responses. myeloid dendritic cells (mdcs) play a pivotal role in shaping adaptive immune responses during infection; however, few studies have examined ... | 2014 | 24918929 |
| epidemiology and microbiological investigations of community-acquired pneumonia in children admitted at the emergency department of a university hospital. | the management of children with community-acquired pneumonia (cap) is largely influenced by the development of new molecular diagnostic tests that allow the simultaneous detection of a wide range of pathogens. | 2014 | 24915939 |
| concordance between rt-pcr-based detection of respiratory viruses from nasal swabs collected for viral testing and nasopharyngeal swabs collected for bacterial testing. | epidemiologic studies of respiratory infections frequently rely on separate sample collections for the detection of bacteria and viruses. the requirement for two specimens presents cost, logistical, and acceptability challenges. | 2014 | 24875136 |
| a broadly neutralizing human monoclonal antibody exhibits in vivo efficacy against both human metapneumovirus and respiratory syncytial virus. | human metapneumovirus (hmpv) is a leading cause of acute respiratory tract infection, with significant morbidity and mortality. no licensed vaccines or therapeutic agents exist. monoclonal antibodies (mabs) are effective at preventing other infectious diseases and could be used against hmpv in high-risk hosts. | 2015 | 24864121 |
| a duplex recombinant viral nucleoprotein microbead immunoassay for simultaneous detection of seroresponses to human respiratory syncytial virus and metapneumovirus infections. | serologic diagnosis of human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv) and human metapneumovirus (hmpv) infections has been shown to complement virus detection methods in epidemiologic studies. enzyme immunoassays (eias) using cultured virus lysate antigens are often used to diagnose infection by demonstration of a ≥4-fold rises in antibody titer between acute and convalescent serum pairs. in this study, hrsv and hmpv nucleocapsid (recn) proteins were expressed in a baculovirus system and their perform ... | 2014 | 24859050 |
| acute encephalopathy associated with human metapneumovirus infection. | we encountered a 3.5-year-old girl with acute encephalopathy associated with human metapneumovirus (hmpv) infection. she had pyrexia and status epilepticus, followed by a coma. cerebrospinal fluid analysis showed no pleocytosis or elevation of protein levels. hmpv rna was detected in tracheal aspirate. acute encephalopathy in the patient was probably related to the hmpv infection. serum levels of interleukin-6 and matrix metalloproteinase-9 were elevated on admission, and these factors were pres ... | 2014 | 24858612 |
| [pathogenesis of human metapneumovirus infection and research on attenuated live vaccine]. | numerous studies have indicated that human metapneumovirus (hmpv) is an important viral pathogen in acute respiratory infections in children, presenting similar manifestations with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). hmpv infection peaks in the winter-spring season and is more prevalent in younger ages, especially in children less than 1 year old. host innate immune response has been implicated in recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (pamps) of the virus. this recognition occurs ... | 2014 | 24857012 |
| influenza and other respiratory virus infections in outpatients with medically attended acute respiratory infection during the 2011-12 influenza season. | respiratory tract infections are a major cause of outpatient visits, yet only a portion is tested to determine the etiologic organism. multiplex reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (mrt-pcr) assays for detection of multiple viruses are being used increasingly in clinical settings. | 2014 | 24852890 |
| human metapneumovirus infection induces significant changes in small noncoding rna expression in airway epithelial cells. | small noncoding rnas (sncrnas), such as micrornas (mirna), virus-derived sncrnas, and more recently identified trna-derived rna fragments, are critical to posttranscriptional control of genes. upon viral infection, host cells alter their sncrna expression as a defense mechanism, while viruses can circumvent host defenses and promote their own propagation by affecting host cellular sncrna expression or by expressing viral sncrnas. therefore, characterizing sncrna profiles in response to viral inf ... | 2014 | 24845106 |
| drastic changes in conformational dynamics of the antiterminator m2-1 regulate transcription efficiency in pneumovirinae. | the m2-1 protein of human metapneumovirus (hmpv) is a zinc-binding transcription antiterminator which is highly conserved among pneumoviruses. we report the structure of tetrameric hmpv m2-1. each protomer features a n-terminal zinc finger domain and an α-helical tetramerization motif forming a rigid unit, followed by a flexible linker and an α-helical core domain. the tetramer is asymmetric, three of the protomers exhibiting a closed conformation, and one an open conformation. molecular dynamic ... | 2014 | 24842877 |
| human metapneumovirus: review of an important respiratory pathogen. | human metapneumovirus (hmpv), discovered in 2001, most commonly causes upper and lower respiratory tract infections in young children, but is also a concern for elderly subjects and immune-compromised patients. hmpv is the major etiological agent responsible for about 5% to 10% of hospitalizations of children suffering from acute respiratory tract infections. hmpv infection can cause severe bronchiolitis and pneumonia in children, and its symptoms are indistinguishable from those caused by human ... | 2014 | 24841931 |
| viral and host factors determine innate immune responses in airway epithelial cells from children with wheeze and atopy. | airway epithelial cells (aec) from patients with asthma, appear to have an impaired interferon (ifn)-β and -λ response to infection with rhinovirus. | 2014 | 24811725 |
| epidemiology of acute respiratory infections in children in guangzhou: a three-year study. | acute respiratory infections (ari) are some of the most common human diseases worldwide. however, they have a complex and diverse etiology, and the characteristics of the pathogens involved in respiratory infections in developing countries are not well understood. in this work, we analyzed the characteristics of 17 common respiratory pathogens in children (≤14 years old) with ari in guangzhou, southern china over a 3-year period using real-time polymerase chain reaction. pathogens were identifie ... | 2014 | 24797911 |
| comparative epidemiology of human metapneumovirus- and respiratory syncytial virus-associated hospitalizations in guatemala. | human metapneumovirus (hmpv) is an important cause of acute respiratory infections (ari), but little is known about how it compares with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in central america. | 2014 | 24761765 |
| excessive production and extreme editing of human metapneumovirus defective interfering rna is associated with type i ifn induction. | type i ifn production is one of the hallmarks of host innate immune responses upon virus infection. whilst most respiratory viruses carry ifn antagonists, reports on human metapneumovirus (hmpv) have been conflicting. using deep sequencing, we have demonstrated that hmpv particles accumulate excessive amounts of defective interfering rna (dis) rapidly upon in vitro passage, and that these are associated with ifn induction. importantly, the dis were edited extensively; up to 70% of the original a ... | 2014 | 24760760 |
| alveolar macrophages contribute to the pathogenesis of human metapneumovirus infection while protecting against respiratory syncytial virus infection. | human metapneumovirus (hmpv) and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) are leading causes of upper and lower respiratory tract infections in young children and among elderly and immunocompromised patients. the pathogenesis of hmpv-induced lung disease is poorly understood. the lung macrophage population consists of alveolar macrophages (ams) residing at the luminal surface of alveoli and interstitial macrophages present within the parenchymal lung interstitium. the involvement of ams in innate immun ... | 2014 | 24749674 |
| irf-3, irf-7, and ips-1 promote host defense against acute human metapneumovirus infection in neonatal mice. | human metapneumovirus (hmpv) is a leading cause of respiratory tract disease in children and is associated with acute bronchiolitis, pneumonia, and asthma exacerbations, yet the mechanisms by which the host immune response to hmpv is regulated are poorly understood. by using gene-deleted neonatal mice, we examined the contributions of the innate receptor signaling molecules interferon (ifn)-β promoter stimulator 1 (ips-1), ifn regulatory factor (irf) 3, and irf7. viral load in the lungs was mark ... | 2014 | 24726644 |
| human metapneumovirus viral load is an important risk factor for disease severity in young children. | the role of viral load in human metapneumovirus (hmpv) disease severity has not yet been clearly determined. | 2014 | 24686044 |
| the human metapneumovirus small hydrophobic protein has properties consistent with those of a viroporin and can modulate viral fusogenic activity. | human metapneumovirus (hmpv) encodes three glycoproteins: the glycoprotein, which plays a role in glycosaminoglycan binding, the fusion (f) protein, which is necessary and sufficient for both viral binding to the target cell and fusion between the cellular plasma membrane and the viral membrane, and the small hydrophobic (sh) protein, whose function is unclear. the sh protein of the closely related respiratory syncytial virus has been suggested to function as a viroporin, as it forms oligomeric ... | 2014 | 24672047 |
| human metapneumovirus sh and g glycoproteins inhibit macropinocytosis-mediated entry into human dendritic cells and reduce cd4+ t cell activation. | human metapneumovirus (hmpv) is a major etiologic agent of respiratory disease worldwide. hmpv reinfections are common in healthy adults and children, suggesting that the protective immune response to hmpv is incomplete and short-lived. we used gene-deletion viruses to evaluate the role of the attachment g and small hydrophobic sh glycoproteins on virus uptake by primary human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (mddc) in vitro and on subsequent mddc maturation and activation of autologous t cells. ... | 2014 | 24672038 |
| human metapneumovirus virus-like particles induce protective b and t cell responses in a mouse model. | human metapneumovirus (hmpv) is a leading cause of respiratory disease in infants, children, and the elderly worldwide, yet no licensed vaccines exist. live-attenuated vaccines present safety challenges, and protein subunit vaccines induce primarily antibody responses. virus-like particles (vlps) are an attractive alternative vaccine approach because of reduced safety concerns compared with live vaccines. we generated hmpv vlps by expressing viral proteins in suspension-adapted human embryonic k ... | 2014 | 24672031 |
| molecular analysis of human metapneumovirus detected in patients with lower respiratory tract infection in upper egypt. | introduction. since 2001, when human metapneumovirus (hmpv) was isolated in the netherlands, the virus has been detected in several continents. although reports have confirmed the prevalence of hmpv worldwide, data from egypt remain limited. hmpv plays an important role in respiratory tract infections in individuals of all ages particularly in children. this study was aimed at estimating the prevalence of hmpv in patients with community-acquired lower respiratory infection in upper egypt and cha ... | 2014 | 24669221 |
| performance of a rapid multi-analyte 2-photon excitation assay in children with acute respiratory infection. | the purpose of this study is to evaluate the diagnostic performance of the novel 2-photon excitation-based maripoc© assay (arcdia laboratories, turku, finland) for antigen detection of respiratory viruses versus real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr). the maripoc assay and 2 multiplex real-time pcr techniques were performed on nasopharyngeal samples from pediatric patients with suspicion of acute respiratory infection admitted to a children's hospital in spain during october 2011 to january 2 ... | 2014 | 24661686 |
| the role of influenza and parainfluenza infections in nasopharyngeal pneumococcal acquisition among young children. | animal models suggest that influenza infection favors nasopharyngeal acquisition of pneumococci. we assessed this relationship with influenza and other respiratory viruses in young children. | 2014 | 24621951 |
| respiratory virus infections among children in south china. | acute respiratory tract infection is an important cause of morbidity and mortality with a worldwide disease burden. this study aimed to determine the prevalence and clinical characteristics of children with viral-induced acute respiratory tract infection, in southern china. nasopharyngeal aspirate samples from 1,980 pediatric patients with suspected acute respiratory tract infection, and 82 samples from healthy subject controls were collected for routine examination at the second affiliated hosp ... | 2014 | 24619492 |
| human metapneumovirus m2-2 protein inhibits innate immune response in monocyte-derived dendritic cells. | human metapneumovirus (hmpv) is a leading cause of lower respiratory infection in young children, the elderly and immunocompromised patients. repeated hmpv infections occur throughout life. however, immune evasion mechanisms of hmpv infection are largely unknown. recently, our group has demonstrated that hmpv m2-2 protein, an important virulence factor, contributes to immune evasion in airway epithelial cells by targeting the mitochondrial antiviral-signaling protein (mavs). whether m2-2 regulat ... | 2014 | 24618691 |
| viral aetiology and clinical outcomes in hospitalised infants presenting with respiratory distress. | to determine the prevalence of various types of viruses in infants hospitalised due to respiratory distress, compare molecular diagnostic tests and evaluate symptom severity. | 2014 | 24606114 |
| improving influenza surveillance in portuguese preschool children by parents' report. | influenza surveillance is usually based on nationally organized sentinel networks of physicians and on hospital reports. this study aimed to test a different report system, based on parents' phone contact to the research team and in home collection of samples by a dedicated team. the identification of influenza and other respiratory viruses in children who attended a hospital emergency department was also recorded. real-time pcr and reverse transcription pcr were performed for influenza a and b, ... | 2014 | 24599798 |
| prevalence of respiratory viral infection in children hospitalized for acute lower respiratory tract diseases, and association of rhinovirus and influenza virus with asthma exacerbations. | in this study, we aimed to investigate the prevalence of year-round respiratory viral infection in children with lower respiratory tract infection (lrti) and the relationship between respiratory viral infection and allergen sensitization in exacerbating asthma. | 2014 | 24578714 |
| ten year retrospective evaluation of the seasonal distribution of agent viruses in childhood respiratory tract infections. | infections caused by respiratory viruses sometimes occur as epidemias or pandemias and are an important public health problem in the whole world. these viral agents may lead to severe respiratory diseases especially in young children and in the elderly. the aim of this study was to determine the seasonal distribution of agent viruses in childhood respiratory infections in our region. | 2014 | 26078631 |
| detection of common respiratory viruses in tonsillar tissue of children with obstructive sleep apnea. | early life viral infection is associated with neurogenic inflammation that is present in lymphoid tissues of the upper airway in children with obstructive sleep apnea (osa). we hypothesized that viral genomic material is present in tonsils of children with osa. therefore, we examined tonsils for the presence of respiratory viruses' nucleic acids in children with osa, and in children without osa (undergoing surgery for recurrent throat infections (ri)). | 2015 | 24574078 |
| clinical and epidemiologic factors related to subsequent wheezing after virus-induced lower respiratory tract infections in hospitalized pediatric patients younger than 3 years. | most wheezing episodes in infants are caused and exacerbated by virus-induced lower respiratory tract infections. however, there are few reports of epidemiologic and clinical virus-specific research with a focus on virus-induced wheezing. the purpose of the current study was to characterize the clinical presentation of virus-induced wheezing in pediatric patients <3 years of age who were hospitalized with lower respiratory tract infections. of the 412 patients in the study, 216 were followed for ... | 2014 | 24535712 |
| hospital outbreak of human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv) illness in immunocompromised hospitalized children during summer. | the human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv) is a community-acquired virus that mainly causes acute respiratory tract infection in infants and children. hrsv is increasingly recognized as an important nosocomial pathogen causing morbidity in immunocompromised patients. here, we are reporting a hospital outbreak of hrsv during summer in children receiving chemotherapy for haematological malignancies. prompt detection and timely preventive measures could abort the devastating outbreak. | 2015 | 24521518 |
| status epilepticus: a possible association with human metapneumovirus infection. | human metapneumovirus (hmpv) is a relatively recent addition to the multiplicity of viruses causing respiratory illness in infants and children. although well described in its ability to cause respiratory illness, there is limited data detailing the association of hmpv with neurologic complications. in this report, we describe 2 toddlers with hmpv infection who presented in status epilepticus and went on to develop respiratory failure. both patients fully recovered over 2 weeks and were discharg ... | 2014 | 24515507 |
| respiratory syncytial virus- and human metapneumovirus-associated emergency department and hospital burden in adults. | determine the burden of illness associated with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and human metapneumovirus (hmpv) in adults, especially young adults. | 2014 | 24512531 |
| human metapneumovirus: insights from a ten-year molecular and epidemiological analysis in germany. | human metapneumovirus (hmpv) is a cause of respiratory tract illness at all ages. in this study the epidemiological and molecular diversity among patients of different ages was investigated. between 2000-2001 and 2009-2010, hmpv was detected in 3% (138/4,549) of samples from outpatients with influenza-like illness with a new, sensitive real-time rt-pcr assay. several hundred (797) clinical specimens from hospitalized children below the age of 4 years with acute respiratory illness were investiga ... | 2014 | 24505479 |