| application of toxins from the entomopathogenic bacterium, xenorhabdus nematophila, for the control of insects on foliage. | larvae of the beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua, and the diamondback moth, plutella xylostella, and nymphs of the desert locust, schistocerca gregaria were controlled by the application of either cell suspensions from the bacterium, xenorhabdus nematophila or filtrates containing cell-free toxins. since there was no significant differences between the two treatments it was concluded that toxins produced by the bacterium were responsible for the lethal effects obtained. cells of xenorhabdus nemato ... | 2006 | 17390798 |
| diversity in pathogenicity of steinernema carpocapsae and its symbiotic bacterium for spodoptera spp. | pathogenicity of five isolates of steinernema carpocapsae (ger: germany, buw: becker underwood, kop: koppert, cz: czech republic, bel: belgium) were tested against the fourth instar larvae of the cotton leaf worm, spodoptera littoralis and the beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua (lepidoptera: noctuidae) at different concentrations (0, 5, 10, 25, and 50 infective juveniles/cm2) in petri dishes (9 cm dia.) lined with filter paper. results obtained after 48 h exposure indicated that the pathogenicity ... | 2006 | 17390810 |
| treatment of beet sugar wastewater by uafb bioprocess. | the aim of this work was to study the treatment of strong beet sugar wastewater by an upflow anaerobic fixed bed (uafb) at pilot plant scale. three fixed bed bioreactors (each 60 l) were filled with standard industrial packing, inoculated with anaerobic culture (chicken manure, cow manure, anaerobic sludge digested from domestic wastewater) and operated at 32-34 degrees c with 20 h hydraulic retention time (hrt) and influent cod ranging between 2000-8000 mg/l. under these conditions the maximum ... | 2007 | 17391955 |
| plasma glutamine concentrations in the horse following feeding and oral glutamine supplementation. | pharmacological benefits of glutamine supplementation have been shown in athletically and clinically stressed human subjects. in the horse, infection and intense exercise have also been shown to significantly decrease plasma glutamine concentrations, but little is known on how best to supplement. | 2006 | 17402497 |
| glycaemic and insulinaemic response of quarter horses to concentrates high in fat and low in soluble carbohydrates. | quarter horses are particularly susceptible to polysaccharide storage myopathy (pssm). nutritional therapy and possibly prophylaxis includes fat-supplemented diets whilst starch supply should be kept to a minimum. | 2006 | 17402498 |
| safety of virus-resistant transgenic plants two decades after their introduction: lessons from realistic field risk assessment studies. | potential safety issues have been raised with the development and release of virus-resistant transgenic plants. this review focuses on safety assessment with a special emphasis on crops that have been commercialized or extensively tested in the field such as squash, papaya, plum, grape, and sugar beet. we discuss topics commonly perceived to be of concern to the environment and to human health--heteroencapsidation, recombination, synergism, gene flow, impact on nontarget organisms, and food safe ... | 2007 | 17408355 |
| beet necrotic yellow vein virus accumulates inside resting spores and zoosporangia of its vector polymyxa betae bnyvv infects p. betae. | plasmodiophorids and chytrids are zoosporic parasites of algae and land plant and are distributed worldwide. there are 35 species belonging to the order plasmodiophorales and three species, polymyxa betae, p. graminis, and spongospora subterranea, are plant viral vectors. plasmodiophorid transmitted viruses are positive strand rna viruses belonging to five genera. beet necrotic yellow vein virus (bnyvv) and its vector, p. betae, are the causal agents for rhizomania. | 2007 | 17411435 |
| rna4-encoded p31 of beet necrotic yellow vein virus is involved in efficient vector transmission, symptom severity and silencing suppression in roots. | rna3 and rna4 of beet necrotic yellow vein virus (bnyvv) are not essential for virus multiplication, but are associated with vector-mediated infection and disease development in sugar beet roots. here, a unique role for rna4 in virus transmission, virulence and rna silencing suppression was demonstrated. mutagenic analysis revealed that the rna4-encoded p31 open reading frame (orf) was involved in efficient vector transmission and slight enhancement of symptom expression in some beta species. no ... | 2007 | 17412994 |
| mapping of five resistance genes to sugar-beet powdery mildew using aflp and anchored snp markers. | sugar-beet powdery mildew, caused by the fungus erysiphe betae, now occurs in all sugar-beet growing areas and can reduce sugar yield by up to 30%. powdery mildew resistant plants from three novel sources were crossed with sugar beet to generate segregating populations. evaluation of resistance was carried out in artificially inoculated field and controlled environment tests. the resistance level in two of the sources was found to be significantly higher than that in currently available sugar-be ... | 2007 | 17426954 |
| efficient dsrna-mediated transgenic resistance to beet necrotic yellow vein virus in sugar beets is not affected by other soilborne and aphid-transmitted viruses. | rhizomania caused by beet necrotic yellow vein virus (bnyvv) is one of the most devastating sugar beet diseases. sugar beet plants engineered to express a 0.4 kb inverted repeat construct based on the bnyvv replicase gene accumulated the transgene mrna to similar levels in leaves and roots, whereas accumulation of the transgene-homologous sirna was more pronounced in roots. the roots expressed high levels of resistance to bnyvv transmitted by the vector, polymyxa betae. resistance to bnyvv was n ... | 2008 | 17431806 |
| comparison of in vitro fermentation and molecular microbial profiles of high-fiber feed substrates incubated with chicken cecal inocula. | high fiber and nonstarch polysaccharide-based poultry diets have received more interest recently for retaining or promoting beneficial gastrointestinal microbial populations. the objective of this study was to investigate and compare the in vitro potential fermentability of high-fiber feed substrates (hffs) by laying hen cecal microflora. feed sources examined included soybean meal, soybean hull, beet pulp, wheat middlings, ground sorghum, cottonseed meal, 100% alfalfa meal, 90% alfalfa + 10% co ... | 2007 | 17435012 |
| mitigation of indirect environmental effects of gm crops. | currently, the uk has no procedure for the approval of novel agricultural practices that is based on environmental risk management principles. here, we make a first application of the 'bow-tie' risk management approach in agriculture, for assessment of land use changes, in a case study of the introduction of genetically modified herbicide tolerant (gmht) sugar beet. there are agronomic and economic benefits, but indirect environmental harm from increased weed control is a hazard. the farm scale ... | 2007 | 17439853 |
| spatial analysis of nuclear and cytoplasmic dna diversity in wild sea beet (beta vulgaris ssp. maritima) populations: do marine currents shape the genetic structure? | patterns of seed dispersal in the wild sea beet (beta vulgaris ssp. maritima) are predicted to be influenced by marine currents because populations are widely distributed along the european atlantic coast. we investigated the potential influence of marine currents on the pattern of spatial genetic structuring in natural populations of sea beet. populations were located along the french coasts of the anglo-norman gulf that features peculiar marine currents in the channel. thirty-three populations ... | 2007 | 17444897 |
| identification and characterization of raspberry mottle virus, a novel member of the closteroviridae. | raspberry mosaic is one of the most important viral diseases of raspberry. four virus and virus-like agents, two of which are poorly characterized, have been implicated in the disease complex based on symptom development in rubus indicators. three novel viruses were identified in a red raspberry plant that caused typical raspberry mosaic symptoms when grafted onto indicators. this communication focuses on one of these viruses, raspberry mottle virus (rmov), a new member of the family closterovir ... | 2007 | 17448559 |
| [cardiovascular peculiarities in hypertensive rats (hsiah strain) after antihypertensive drug intervention during juvenile period of life]. | treatment with different types of antihypertensive drugs during second month age has not prevented development of arterial hypertension and myocardial hypertrophy in the adult rats with inherited stress-induced arterial hypertension. at 6 months of age, the 11% attenuation of basal blood pressure has beet achieved only in the rats treated with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor enalapril. nevertheless, they expressed the most pronounced left ventricular hypertrophy. the unfavorable tissue a ... | 2007 | 17461020 |
| transcriptional activator elements for curtovirus c1 expression reside in the 3' coding region of orf c1. | beet curly top virus (bctv) and beet severe curly top virus (bsctv), members of curtoviruses, encode seven open reading frames (orfs) within a approximately 3 kb genome. one of these viral orfs, c1, is known to play an important role in the early stage of viral infection in plants during initiation of viral dna replication. we used promoter:: reporter (beta-glucuronidase) gene fusions in transgenic ara-bidopsis to identify the putative promoter region of bctv orf c1. unlike other geminiviruses, ... | 2007 | 17464215 |
| influence of pressed beet pulp and concentrated separator by-product on intake, gain, efficiency of gain, and carcass composition of growing and finishing beef steers. | the objectives of this experiment were to determine a ne value for pressed beet pulp and the value of concentrated separator by-product (de-sugared molasses) as a ruminal n source in growing and finishing diets for beef cattle. one hundred forty-four cross-bred beef steers (282 +/- 23 kg of initial bw) were used in 2 experiments (growing and finishing). a randomized complete block design was used, with a 3 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments (level of pressed beet pulp and inclusion of conce ... | 2007 | 17504950 |
| the role of a p1-type atpase from pseudomonas fluorescens sbw25 in copper homeostasis and plant colonization. | the genome of the plant-colonizing bacterium pseudomonas fluorescens sbw25 possesses a putative copper-transporting p1-type atpase (cuea) that is induced on the plant surfaces. using a chromosomally-integrated cuea-lacz fusion, we show that transcription of cuea can be induced (in vitro) by ions of copper, silver, gold, and mercury. to investigate the biological significance of cuea, a nonpolar cuea deletion mutant (sbw25 delta cuea) was constructed. this mutant strain displayed a twofold reduct ... | 2007 | 17506335 |
| effect of grains differing in expected ruminal fermentability on the productivity of lactating dairy cows. | the objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of barley and corn grains differing in expected fermentability in the rumen on dry matter intake (dmi) and productivity of lactating dairy cows. twenty-two multiparous and 9 primiparous lactating holstein cows (94 +/- 29 d in milk; mean +/- sd) were used in a 3 x 3 latin square design with 21-d periods. experimental diets contained approximately 40% of dietary dry matter as steam-rolled barley, using a lot of cultivar dillon or cultivar xena, ... | 2007 | 17517725 |
| completion of the mapping of transcription start sites for the five-gene block subgenomic rnas of beet yellows closterovirus and identification of putative subgenomic promoters. | in the positive-sense rna genome of beet yellows closterovirus (byv), the 3'-terminal open reading frames (orfs) 2-8 are expressed as a nested set of subgenomic (sg) rnas. orfs 2-6, coding for the structural and movement proteins, form a 'five-gene block' conserved in closteroviruses. we mapped the 5'-end of the orf 4 sgrna, which encodes the p64 protein, at adenosine-11169 in the byv genome. this completes the mapping of the transcription start sites for the five-gene block sgrnas of byv. compu ... | 2007 | 17521763 |
| phylogenetic analysis of the aspergillus niger aggregate in relation to feruloyl esterase activity. | species of the aspergillus niger aggregate are known to produce feruloyl esterases, enzymes involved in the degradation of cell wall polymers. however, species delineation is difficult in these fungi. we combined aflp analysis with its rdna and beta-tubulin sequencing to characterize the isolates of this aggregate in terms of feruloyl esterase production. a preliminary re-examination of isolates based on comparison of its rdna and beta-tubulin sequences with those of typical taxa deposited in in ... | 2007 | 17531445 |
| production of d-lactic acid from sugarcane molasses, sugarcane juice and sugar beet juice by lactobacillus delbrueckii. | lactobacillus delbrueckii was grown on sugarcane molasses, sugarcane juice and sugar beet juice in batch fermentation at ph 6 and at 40 degrees c. after 72 h, the lactic acid from 13% (w/v) sugarcane molasses (119 g total sugar l(-1)) and sugarcane juice (133 g total sugar l(-1)) was 107 g l(-1) and 120 g l(-1), respectively. with 10% (w/v) sugar beet juice (105 g total sugar l(-1)), 84 g lactic acid l(-1) was produced. the optical purities of d: -lactic acid from the feedstocks ranged from 97.2 ... | 2007 | 17541505 |
| separated components of root exudate and cytosol stimulate different morphologically identifiable types of branching responses by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. | two morphologically distinct hyphal branching responses by the am fungus, glomus intraradices, were stimulated by separated components of carrot root exudate. complex branching up to the sixth order was induced by compounds most soluble in 35% methanol, whereas the formation of more lateral branches (second order) was stimulated by compounds most soluble in 70% methanol. this same 70% alcohol soluble fraction also stimulated a completely different type of branching pattern in another fungus, gig ... | 2007 | 17544057 |
| penicillium brasilianum as an enzyme factory; the essential role of feruloyl esterases for the hydrolysis of the plant cell wall. | the production of arabinoxylan-degrading enzymes by the fungus penicillium brasilianum, grown on different carbon and nitrogen sources as well as different environmental conditions was investigated. highest feruloyl esterase (225 mu/ml) and alpha-l-arabinofuranosidase (211 mu/ml) activities were obtained when p. brasilianum was grown on sugar beet pulp, whereas maximum xylanase (17 u/ml) activity was found during growth on oat spelt xylan. yeast extract was the preferable nitrogen source for the ... | 2007 | 17544537 |
| interactions of bacillus thuringiensis cry1ac toxin in genetically engineered cotton with predatory heteropterans. | a number of cotton varieties have been genetically transformed with genes from bacillus thuringiensis (bt) to continuously produce bt endotoxins, offering whole plant and season-long protection against many lepidopteran larvae. constant whole-plant toxin expression creates a significant opportunity for non-target herbivores to acquire and bio-accumulate the toxin for higher trophic levels. in the present study we investigated movement of cry1ac toxin from the transgenic cotton plant through spec ... | 2008 | 17570072 |
| use of faeces as an alternative inoculum to caecal content to study in vitro feed digestibility in domesticated ostriches (struthio camelus var. domesticus). | 1. in order to find an alternative source of inoculum to caecal content for studying the in vitro feed digestibility in domesticated ostriches (struthio camelus var. domesticus), caecal content and faeces of 4 male birds were used as inocula for an in vitro gas production trial. 2. about 1 g of each of 5 substrates (maize silage, cs; alfalfa hay, ah; barley, bg; soybean meal, sm; beet pulp, bp) was weighed, in quadruplicate per inoculum, in 120 ml flasks; 75 ml of anaerobic medium and 4 ml of re ... | 2007 | 17578699 |
| a journey of twenty-five years through the ecological biochemistry of flavonoids. | the ecological biochemistry of flavonoids, in which i have been engaged for 25 years, is summarized in this review article. the review covers (1) a survey of rare bio-active flavonoids in higher plants; (2) the fungal metabolism of prenylated flavonoids; (3) flavonoids antidoting against benzimidazole fungicides; (4) dihydroflavonol ampelopsin in salix sachalinensis as a feeding stimulant towards willow beetles; and (5) flavones as signaling substances in the life-cycle development of the phytop ... | 2007 | 17587669 |
| computational analysis of rna editing sites in plant mitochondrial genomes reveals similar information content and a sporadic distribution of editing sites. | a computational analysis of rna editing sites was performed on protein-coding sequences of plant mitochondrial genomes from arabidopsis thaliana, beta vulgaris, brassica napus, and oryza sativa. the distribution of nucleotides around edited and unedited cytidines was compared in 41 nucleotide segments and included 1481 edited cytidines and 21,390 unedited cytidines in the 4 genomes. the distribution of nucleotides was examined in 1, 2, and 3 nucleotide windows by comparison of nucleotide frequen ... | 2007 | 17591603 |
| changes in microbial biomass parameters of a heavy metal-contaminated calcareous soil during a field remediation experiment. | soil microbial biomass parameters give useful information about the restoration degree and quality of contaminated soils. these parameters were studied in a field experiment where the effect of two organic amendments on the bioavailability of heavy metals in an agricultural soil and on their accumulation in beta vulgaris and beta maritima was assessed. the soil was a calcareous xeric torriorthent and the total metal levels were (mg kg(-1)): 2706 zn, 3235 pb, and 39 cu. the treatments were: fresh ... | 2007 | 17596622 |
| a stable rna virus-based vector for citrus trees. | virus-based vectors are important tools in plant molecular biology and plant genomics. a number of vectors based on viruses that infect herbaceous plants are in use for expression or silencing of genes in plants as well as screening unknown sequences for function. yet there is a need for useful virus-based vectors for woody plants, which demand much greater stability because of the longer time required for systemic infection and analysis. we examined several strategies to develop a citrus triste ... | 2007 | 17651777 |
| development of a multiplex immunocapture-rt-pcr for simultaneous detection of bmyv and bchv in plants and single aphids. | a multiplex immunocapture-reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction protocol (mic-rt-pcr) was successfully developed to improve the detection of beet mild yellowing virus (bmyv) and beet chlorosis virus (bchv) in plants and aphids in single and mixed infections. viral particles from plant and aphid extracts were enriched by antibody-capture and lysed by heating to release the viral rna. during the rt-pcr step, 5' end sequences specific to each virus were amplified and the products analysed ... | 2007 | 17686535 |
| evaluation of fermentable oligosaccharides in diets fed to dogs in comparison to fiber standards. | blends of fermentable oligosaccharides in combination with nonfermentable fiber, cellulose, were evaluated for their ability to serve as dietary fibers in dog foods. using a 6 x 6 latin square design, 6 diets were evaluated that contained either no supplemental fiber, beet pulp, cellulose, or blends of cellulose, fructooligosaccharides, and yeast cell wall added at 2.5% of the diet. six ileal-cannulated dogs were fed 175 g of their assigned diet twice daily. chromic oxide served as a digestibili ... | 2007 | 17686893 |
| neutral detergent-soluble fiber improves gut barrier function in twenty-five-day-old weaned rabbits. | the effect of neutral detergent-soluble fiber level on gut barrier function and intestinal microbiota was examined in weaned rabbits. a control diet (ah) containing 103 g of neutral detergent-soluble fiber/ kg of dm included alfalfa hay as main source of fiber. another diet (b-ap) was formulated by replacing half of the alfalfa hay with a mixture of beet and apple pulp resulting in 131 g of soluble fiber/kg of dm. a third diet (oh) was obtained by substituting half of the alfalfa hay with a mix ... | 2007 | 17709783 |
| hydrolysis and microbial community analyses in two-stage anaerobic digestion of energy crops. | the roles of the diverse populations of micro-organisms responsible for biodegradation of organic matter to form methane and carbon dioxide are rudimentarily understood. to expand the knowledge on links between microbial communities and the rate limiting, hydrolytic stage of two-stage biogas production from energy crops, this study was performed. | 2007 | 17714384 |
| characterization of protein changes associated with sugar beet (beta vulgaris) resistance and susceptibility to fusarium oxysporum. | fusarium oxysporum (f-19) is a serious threat to sugar beet. resistance exists, but the basis for resistance and disease is unknown. protein extracts from sugar beet genotypes c1200.xh024 (resistant, r) and fus7 (susceptible, s) were analyzed by multidimensional liquid chromatography at 2 and 5 days postinoculation (dpi) and compared to mock-inoculated controls. one hundred twenty-one (r) and 73 (s) protein peaks were induced/repressed by f-19, approximately 12 (r) and 8% (s) of the total proteo ... | 2007 | 17715886 |
| genetic analysis of the histidine utilization (hut) genes in pseudomonas fluorescens sbw25. | the histidine utilization (hut) locus of pseudomonas fluorescens sbw25 confers the ability to utilize histidine as a sole carbon and nitrogen source. genetic analysis using a combination of site-directed mutagenesis and chromosomally integrated lacz fusions showed the hut locus to be composed of 13 genes organized in 3 transcriptional units: hutf, hutcd, and 10 genes from hutu to hutg (which includes 2 copies of huth, 1 of which is nonfunctional). inactivation of hutf eliminated the ability to g ... | 2007 | 17717196 |
| production of baker's yeast using date juice. | baker's yeast is an important additive among the products which improves bread quality and for present time is being produced in different countries by batch, fed batch or continuous cultures. saccharomyces cerevisiae is used in fermentation of starch in dough, giving a favourable taste and produces a variety of vitamins and proteins. the main ingredient in yeast production is carbon source such as beet molasses, cane molasses, and so on. since beet molasses has other major function as in high y ... | 2007 | 17822056 |
| protective effect of hop beta-acids on microbial degradation of thick juice during storage. | this study assessed the value of a commercial alkaline solution of hop beta-acids (hba) for prevention of microbial degradation of thick juice, a concentrated intermediate product in the production of beet sugar. | 2008 | 17850321 |
| utilization of distillers dried grains with solubles and phytase in sow lactation diets to meet the phosphorus requirement of the sow and reduce fecal phosphorus concentration. | two experiments were completed to determine the potential for using distillers dried grains with solubles (ddgs) in diets with or without phytase to provide available p, energy, and protein to highly productive lactating sows without increasing their fecal p. in exp. 1, the dietary treatments were as follows: (1) corn and soybean meal with 5% beet pulp (bp) or (2) corn and soybean meal with 15% ddgs (ddgs). besides containing similar amounts of fiber, diets were isonitrogenous (21% cp, 1.2% lys) ... | 2008 | 17878284 |
| atmospheric deposition of heavy metals (cu, zn, cd and pb) in varanasi city, india. | rapid growth in urbanization and industrialization in developing countries may significantly contribute in heavy metal contamination of vegetables through atmospheric depositions. in the present study, an assessment was made to investigate the spatial and seasonal variations in deposition rates of heavy metals and its contribution to contamination of palak (beta vulgaris). samples of bulk atmospheric deposits and beta vulgaris for analysis of cu, zn, cd and pb were collected from different sampl ... | 2008 | 17879134 |
| extreme consumption of beta vulgaris var. rubra can cause metal ion accumulation in the liver. | redox homeostasis can be considered as the cumulative action of all free radical reactions and antioxidant defences in different tissues, which provide suitable conditions for life. transition metal ions are ubiquitous in biological systems. beta vulgaris var. rubra (table beet root) contains several bioactive agents (e.g. betain, betanin, vulgaxanthine, polyphenols, folic acid) and different metal elements (e.g. al, b, ba, ca, cu, fe, k, mg, mn, na, zn), which act on the various physiological r ... | 2007 | 17899785 |
| isoflavonoids in non-leguminous taxa: a rarity or a rule? | isoflavonoids are characteristic metabolites in legumes and an overwhelming number of reports concerning them come from the leguminosae. nevertheless, the spectrum of isoflavonoid producing taxa includes the representatives of four classes of multicellular plants, namely the bryopsida, the pinopsida, the magnoliopsida and the liliopsida. at least 59 non-leguminous families have been reported to produce isoflavones sensu lato; coumestans have been reported in 3 families, coumaronochromones in 3, ... | 2007 | 17904596 |
| characterization of short-chain poly3-hydroxybutyrate in baker's yeast. | a short-chain poly3-hydroxybutyrate including four comonomers, originating from a complex with calcium polyphosphate, was isolated from commercial baker's yeast cells (saccharomyces cerevisiae) and characterized as the second complexed poly(3-hydroxyalkanoate) (cpha) in eukaryotes. the number-average molecular weight of 4982.5 da with a polydispersity index of 1.11 was much lower than that of beet cpha previously isolated. end-group analysis suggested that at least 60% of the molecules form the ... | 2008 | 17910965 |
| laboratory trials to infect insects and nematodes by some acaropathogenic hirsutella strains (mycota: clavicipitaceous anamorphs). | laboratory assays have been carried out to artificially infect insect larvae of the birch bark-beetle (scolytus ratzeburgi jans.-coleoptera, scolytidae) and codling moth cydia pomonella l. -lepidoptera, tortricidae) as well as the potato cyst nematode-globodera rostochiensis wollenweber, sugar beet nematode-heterodera schachtii schmidt and root-knot nematode-meloidogyne hapla chif (nematoda, heteroderidae), by the phialoconidia of some fungal species of the genus hirsutella. from among four spec ... | 2008 | 17920621 |
| revegetation of high zinc and lead tailings with municipal biosolids and lime: greenhouse study. | acidic (ph 4.1) and high cd, pb, and zn mine tailings (mean +/- sd: 17 +/- 0.4, 3800 +/- 100, and 3500 +/- 100 mg kg(-1), respectively) from an alluvial tailings deposit in leadville, colorado were amended with municipal biosolids (bs) (224 mg ha(-1)) and different types of lime (calcium carbonate equivalent of 224 mg ha(-1) caco3) in a greenhouse column study to test the ability of the amendments to neutralize surface and subsoil acidity and restore plant growth. the types of lime included coar ... | 2007 | 17940260 |
| synthesis and insecticidal activities of novel n-sulfenyl-n'-tert-butyl-n,n'-diacylhydrazines. 1. n-alkoxysulfenate derivatives. | a series of novel n-alkoxysulfenyl-n'-tert-butyl-n, n'-diacylhydrazines were designed and synthesized as insect growth regulators by the key intermediates n-chlorosulfenyl-n'-tert-butyl-n, n'-diacylhydrazines, which were prepared for the first time. compared to n'-tert-butyl-n, n'-diacylhydrazines, these n-alkoxysulfenyl derivatives displayed better solubility and improved hydrophobicities. the insecticidal activities of the new compounds were evaluated. the results of bioassays showed that the ... | 2007 | 17941694 |
| functional analysis of polyphenol oxidases by antisense/sense technology. | polyphenol oxidases (ppos) catalyze the oxidation of phenolics to quinones, the secondary reactions of which lead to oxidative browning and postharvest losses of many fruits and vegetables. ppos are ubiquitous in angiosperms, are inducible by both biotic and abiotic stresses, and have been implicated in several physiological processes including plant defense against pathogens and insects, the mehler reaction, photoreduction of molecular oxygen by psi, regulation of plastidic oxygen levels, auron ... | 2007 | 17960074 |
| integrated bioinformatic and phenotypic analysis of rpon-dependent traits in the plant growth-promoting bacterium pseudomonas fluorescens sbw25. | the alternative sigma factor rpon is a key regulator in the acclimation of pseudomonas to complex natural environments. in this study we show that rpon is required for efficient colonization of sugar beet seedlings by the plant growth-promoting bacterium pseudomonas fluorescens sbw25, and use phenotypic and bioinformatic approaches to profile the rpon-dependent traits and genes of p. fluorescens sbw25. rpon is required for flagellar biosynthesis and for assimilation of a wide variety of nutrient ... | 2007 | 17991033 |
| transgene escape in sugar beet production fields: data from six years farm scale monitoring. | concerns have been raised in europe about the efficiency, sustainability, and environmental impact of the first genetically modified crops. the committees and regulators in charge of approving procedures have encouraged a field trial approach for safety assessment studies under current agronomic conditions. we describe the gene flow from sugar beet (beta vulgaris l.) in a multi-year and multi-crop monitoring study on farmers' fields at two locations that has been carried out since 1995. we analy ... | 2007 | 18001686 |
| inhibition of tomato yellow leaf curl virus replication by artificial zinc-finger proteins. | previously, we designed an artificial zinc-finger protein (azp) for blocking a replication protein (rep) of beet severe curly top virus (bsctv) from binding to its replication origin and demonstrated that transgenic arabidopsis plants expressing the azp are completely resistant to the virus infection. here we applied the azp technology to tomato yellow leaf curl virus (tylcv) infective to an important agricultural crop, tomato. we designed an azp binding to the direct repeat to block the tylcv r ... | 2007 | 18029770 |
| heavy metal (cu, zn, cd and pb) contamination of vegetables in urban india: a case study in varanasi. | the contributions of heavy metals in selected vegetables through atmospheric deposition were quantified in an urban area of india. deposition rate of zn was recorded maximum followed by cu, cd and pb. the concentrations of zn and cu were highest in brassica oleracea, cd in abelmoschus esculentus and b. oleracea, while pb was highest in beta vulgaris. heavy metal pollution index showed that b. oleracea was maximally contaminated with heavy metals followed by a. esculentus and then b. vulgaris. th ... | 2008 | 18031880 |
| sequence-based analysis of pqbr103; a representative of a unique, transfer-proficient mega plasmid resident in the microbial community of sugar beet. | the plasmid pqbr103 was found within pseudomonas populations colonizing the leaf and root surfaces of sugar beet plants growing at wytham, oxfordshire, uk. at 425 kb it is the largest self-transmissible plasmid yet sequenced from the phytosphere. it is known to enhance the competitive fitness of its host, and parts of the plasmid are known to be actively transcribed in the plant environment. analysis of the complete sequence of this plasmid predicts a coding sequence (cds)-rich genome containing ... | 2007 | 18043644 |
| mitochondrial nad2 gene is co-transcripted with cms-associated orfb gene in cytoplasmic male-sterile stem mustard (brassica juncea). | the transcriptional patterns of mitochondrial respiratory related genes were investigated in cytoplasmic male-sterile and fertile maintainer lines of stem mustard, brassica juncea. there were numerous differences in nad2 (subunit 2 of nadh dehydrogenase) between stem mustard cms and its maintainer line. one novel open reading frame, hereafter named orfb gene, was located at the downstream of mitochondrial nad2 gene in the cms. the novel orfb gene had high similarity with ymf19 family protein, or ... | 2009 | 18046626 |
| sugar beet-associated bacterial and fungal communities show a high indigenous antagonistic potential against plant pathogens. | the aim of this study was to analyze microbial communities in/on sugar beet with special focus on antagonists toward plant pathogens. for this purpose, the composition of microorganisms isolated from the rhizosphere, phyllosphere, endorhiza, and endosphere of field-grown sugar beet plants was analyzed by a multiphasic approach at three different plant development stages at six locations in europe. the analysis of microbial communities by single strand conformation polymorphism (sscp) of 16s/18s ... | 2008 | 18060449 |
| eicosanoids mediate prophenoloxidase release from oenocytoids in the beet armyworm spodoptera exigua. | phenoloxidase (po) plays a critical role in insect immune reactions especially to form melanotic encapsulation and phagocytosis by hemocytes. po is an active form of prophenoloxidase (ppo) after proteolytic cleavage by serine proteinase(s). it has been suggested that eicosanoids are implicated in ppo activation in the beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua. however, it is not clear how eicosanoids mediate the reaction cascade of ppo activation. this study analyzed the ppo activation mediated by eicosa ... | 2008 | 18070669 |
| novel isolate of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. thuringiensis that produces a quasicuboidal crystal of cry1ab21 toxic to larvae of trichoplusia ni. | a new isolate (is5056) of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. thuringiensis that produces a novel variant of cry1ab, cry1ab21, was isolated from soil collected in northeastern poland. cry1ab21 was composed of 1,155 amino acids and had a molecular mass of 130.5 kda, and a single copy of the gene coding for this endotoxin was located on a approximately 75-kbp plasmid. when synthesized by the wild-type strain, cry1ab21 produced a unique, irregular, bipyramidal crystal whose long and short axes were both ... | 2008 | 18083867 |
| genetic characterization of psp encoding the ding protein in pseudomonas fluorescens sbw25. | ding proteins constitute a conserved and broadly distributed set of proteins found in bacteria, fungi, plants and animals (including humans). characterization of ding proteins from animal and plant tissues indicated ligand-binding ability suggesting a role for ding proteins in cell signaling and biomineralization. surprisingly, the genes encoding ding proteins in eukaryotes have not been identified in the eukaryotic genome or est databases. recent discovery of a ding homologue (named psp here) i ... | 2007 | 18088430 |
| stereoselective degradation of benalaxyl in tomato, tobacco, sugar beet, capsicum, and soil. | the stereoselective degradation of the racemic benalaxyl in vegetables such as tomato, tobacco, sugar beet, capsicum, and the soil has been investigated. the two enantiomers of benalaxyl in the matrix were extracted by organic solvent and determined by validated chiral high-performance liquid chromatography with a cellulose-tris-(3, 5-dimethylphenylcarbamate)-based chiral column. rac-benalaxyl was fortified into the soil and foliar applied to vegetables. the assay method was linear over a range ... | 2008 | 18092301 |
| class viii myosins are required for plasmodesmatal localization of a closterovirus hsp70 homolog. | the hsp70 homolog (hsp70h) of beet yellows virus (byv) functions in virion assembly and cell-to-cell movement and is autonomously targeted to plasmodesmata in association with the actomyosin motility system (a. i. prokhnevsky, v. v. peremyslov, and v. v. dolja, j. virol. 79:14421-14428, 2005). myosins are a diverse category of molecular motors that possess a motor domain and a tail domain involved in cargo binding. plants have two classes of myosins, viii and xi, whose specific functions are poo ... | 2008 | 18199648 |
| evaluation of a dynamic in vitro model to simulate the porcine ileal digestion of diets differing in carbohydrate composition. | the aim of the study was to assess the ability of a dynamic in vitro model to determine the digestibility of om, cp, and starch compared with a validated, static, in vitro method and in vivo ileal digestibility obtained from growing pigs fitted with a t-cannula. five experimental diets with different carbohydrate types and level were assessed: a standard corn-based diet (st) or the same diet with coarse ground corn (cc), 8% sugar beet pulp (bp), 10% wheat bran (wb), or 8% sugar beet pulp and 10% ... | 2008 | 18203977 |
| characterization of the monoterpene synthase gene tps26, the ortholog of a gene induced by insect herbivory in maize. | plants damaged by insects can synthesize and release volatile chemicals that attract natural enemies of the herbivore. the maize (zea mays subsp. mays) terpene synthase gene stc1 is part of that indirect defense response, being induced in seedling blades in response to herbivory by beet army worm. many genes in maize are duplicated because of a past whole-genome duplication event, and several of these orthologs display different expression patterns. we report here the isolation and characterizat ... | 2008 | 18218975 |
| phylogenetic analysis of beet necrotic yellow vein virus isolates from china. | a survey detected beet necrotic yellow vein virus (bnyvv) infection in six chinese sugar-beet-growing regions. to study the diversity of virus isolates among the regions, nucleotide sequences of four proteins, namely cp, p25, p31, and p26, were determined and the amino acid sequences thus deduced were analyzed using sequence alignments and the phylogenetic method, respectively. amino acid sequence analysis of cp revealed a-type isolates in harbin, hohhot, baotou, wuwei, and jiuquan and b-type is ... | 2008 | 18224433 |
| trace elements in wild grasses: a phytoavailability study on a remediated field. | there have been significant efforts to establish a widely usable method for the prediction of trace element bioavailability in soil. in this work, we used extraction with 0.01 m cacl2 and 0.05 m ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (edta) to estimate bioavailable concentrations of as, cd, cu, pb, and zn in a soil moderately contaminated with trace elements 1 and 2 years after the application of three amendments. the experiment took place in a field plot of a soil affected by the toxic spill of the az ... | 2008 | 18253844 |
| [influence of various pectins on production of staphylococcal enterotoxins types a and b]. | experimental in vitro study of influence of 2% solution of pectins (red beet, apple, citrus, manufactured by "vitaline" company, citrus high- and low-etherified pectins, manufactured by "hercules" company, unipectine ob 700, and biologically active supplement "pecto") on growth of staphylococci and production by them of type a and b enterotoxins was performed. it was shown that red beet, citrus high- and low-etherified pectins, as well as biologically active supplement "pecto" render bactericida ... | 2007 | 18277535 |
| digestion of carbohydrates and utilization of energy in sows fed diets with contrasting levels and physicochemical properties of dietary fiber. | three experimental diets were used to investigate the digestion of carbohydrates and utilization of energy in sows fed diets with different levels and physicochemical properties of dietary fiber (df). the low-fiber diet (lf; df, 16%; soluble df, 4.8%) was based on wheat and barley. the high-fiber 1 diet (hf1; df, 41%; soluble df, 11%) was based on wheat and barley supplemented with the coproducts: sugar beet pulp, potato pulp, and pectin residue, and the high-fiber 2 diet (hf2; df, 44%; soluble ... | 2008 | 18310490 |
| influence of dietary fiber on luminal environment and morphology in the small and large intestine of sows. | in this study, the effect of feeding different types and amounts of dietary fiber (df) on luminal environment and morphology in the small and large intestine of sows was studied. three diets, a low-fiber diet (lf) and 2 high-fiber diets (high fiber 1, hf1, and high fiber 2, hf2) were used. diet lf (df, 17%; soluble df 4.6%) was based on wheat and barley, whereas the 2 high-fiber diets (hf1: df, 43%; soluble df, 11.0%; and hf2: df, 45%; soluble df, 7.6%) were based on wheat and barley supplemente ... | 2008 | 18310497 |
| a male sterility-associated mitochondrial protein in wild beets causes pollen disruption in transgenic plants. | in higher plants, male reproductive (pollen) development is known to be disrupted in a class of mitochondrial mutants termed cytoplasmic male sterility (cms) mutants. despite the increase in knowledge regarding cms-encoding genes and their expression, definitive evidence that cms-associated proteins actually cause pollen disruption is not yet available in most cases. here we compare the translation products of mitochondria between the normal fertile cytoplasm and the male-sterile i-12cms(3) cyto ... | 2008 | 18315539 |
| an effective and simplified ph-stat control strategy for the industrial fermentation of vitamin b(12) by pseudomonas denitrificans. | in order to improve the productivity of vitamin b(12) by pseudomonas denitrificans carried out in a 120-m(3) fermenter, the effect of ph on vitamin b(12) biosynthesis was investigated. results obtained from shake flask experiments showed that the feeding of carbon source (beet molasses or glucose) and methyl-group donor (betaine or choline chloride) significantly influenced the ph and the biosynthesis of vitamin b(12). in contrast to beet molasses or choline chloride, using glucose as a feed med ... | 2008 | 18320234 |
| morphometric and biochemical characterization of red beet (beta vulgaris l.) hairy roots obtained after single and double transformations. | it is known that t-dna of agrobacterium rhizogenes affects processes of plant development and activates the synthesis of secondary metabolites in transformed plant cells. in the present investigation, we provide evidence that different strains of a. rhizogenes significantly affect morphometric, morphological and functional characteristics of hairy roots of red beet (beta vulgaris l.). infection with four strains of a. rhizogenes (a4, a 2/83, a 20/83 and lmg-150) resulted in ten clones of hairy r ... | 2008 | 18327591 |
| evaluation of the impact of various agricultural practices on nitrate leaching under the root zone of potato and sugar beet using the stics soil-crop model. | the quaternary aquifer of vitoria-gasteiz (basque country, northern spain) is characterised by a shallow water table mainly fed by drainage water, and thus constitutes a vulnerable zone in regards to nitrate pollution. field studies were performed with a potato crop in 1993 and a sugar beet crop in 2002 to evaluate their impact on nitrate leaching. the overall predictive quality of the stics soil-crop model was first evaluated using field data and then the model was used to analyze dynamically t ... | 2008 | 18328537 |
| benzylideneacetone, an immunosuppressant, enhances virulence of bacillus thuringiensis against beet armyworm (lepidoptera: noctuidae). | benzylideneacetone (bza) is a metabolite of gram-negative entomopathogenic bacterium xenorhabdus nematophila, and it acts as an enzyme inhibitor against phospholipase a2 (pla2). pla2 catalyzes a committed biosynthetic step of eicosanoids, which mediate insect immune reactions to infection by microbial pathogens. this study tested a hypothesis that a putative immunosuppressive activity of bza may enhance virulence of bacillus thuringiensis against the fifth instars of spodoptera exigua (hübner) ( ... | 2008 | 18330113 |
| influence of fermentation methods on neutral detergent fiber degradation parameters. | the effect of 3 fermentation methods, in situ (is) in 4 lactating cows (average ph of 5.8), in vitro (ivn) with media ph of 6.8, or in vitro (iva) with media ph adjusted to 6.0 using citric acid, on fiber degradation parameters was studied using feeds ground to different particle sizes. corn silage (cs), grass silage (gs), barley grain (b), sugar beet pulp (bp), and rapeseed cake (rc) were ground using a shear mill. silages were ground through 8-, 4-, 2-, or 1-mm screens, b and bp through 4-, 2- ... | 2008 | 18349240 |
| transfer of dietary zinc and fat to milk--evaluation of milk fat quality, milk fat precursors, and mastitis indicators. | the present study demonstrated that the zinc concentration in bovine milk and blood plasma is significantly affected by the intake of saturated fat supplements. sixteen holstein cows were used in a 4 x 4 latin square design with 4 periods of 12 d, and 4 dietary treatments were conducted. a total mixed ration based on corn silage, grass-clover silages, and pelleted sugar beet pulp was used on all treatments. a high de novo milk fat diet was formulated by adding rapeseed meal and molasses in the t ... | 2008 | 18349247 |
| technological options for biological fuel ethanol. | the current paradigm to produce biotechnological ethanol is to use the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae to ferment sugars derived from starch or sugar crops such as maize, sugar cane or sugar beet. despite its current success, the global impact of this manufacturing model is restricted on the one hand by limits on the availability of these primary raw materials, and on the other hand by the maturity of baker's yeast fermentation technologies. revisiting the technical, economic, and value chain asp ... | 2008 | 18349547 |
| epr as an analytical tool in assessing the mineral nutrients and irradiated food products-vegetables. | epr spectral investigations of some commonly available vegetables in south india, which are of global importance like daucus carota (carrot), cyamopsis tetragonoloba (cluster beans), coccinia indica (little gourd) and beta vulgaris (beet root) have been carried out. in all the vegetable samples a free radical corresponding to cellulose radical is observed. almost all the samples under investigation exhibit mn ions in different oxidation states. the temperature variation epr studies are done and ... | 2008 | 18372211 |
| effects of pyrite sludge pollution on soil enzyme activities: ecological dose-response model. | a laboratory study was conducted to evaluate the response of soil enzyme activities (acid and alkaline phosphatase, beta-glucosidase, arylsulfatase, urease and dehydrogenase) to different levels of trace elements pollution in soils representative of the area affected by the pyrite sludge mining spill of aznalcóllar (guadiamar basin, sw spain). three uncontaminated soils from the study area were mixed with different loads of pyrite sludge to resemble field conditions and criteria applied for recl ... | 2008 | 18395245 |
| biocontrol of phytophthora cactorum the causal agent of root and crown rot on apple (malus domestica) by formulated pseudomonas fluorescens. | in this study 284 isolates were isolated of apple trees' rhizosphere from iran and 128 isolates were obtained from the collection of research department of biological control of university of tehran. four strains (p60, p61, p96, and p97) of pseudomonas fluorescens were selected for greenhouse trials. the results of greenhouse trials showed dipping the crown and root of apple seedlings (mm106) combined with soil drench was more effective than dipping the crown and root on reducing the disease. af ... | 2007 | 18396826 |
| effect of carbon and nitrogen sources on growth and biological efficacy of pseudomonas fluorescens and bacillus subtilis against rhizoctonia solani, the causal agent of bean damping-off. | one of the most important environmental factors that regulate the growth and antagonistic efficacy of biocontrol agents is the medium. the aim of this paper was to find the nitrogen and carbon sources that provide maximum biomass production of strains p-5 and p-6 (pseudomonas fluorescens), b-3 and b-16 (bacillus subtilis) and minimum cost of media, whilst maintaining biocontrol efficacy. all of the strains were grown in seven liquid media (ph=6.9) including: sucrose + yeast extract, molasses of ... | 2007 | 18396833 |
| genome characterization and genetic diversity of beet curly top iran virus: a geminivirus with a novel nonanucleotide. | beet curly top iran virus (bctiv) was previously reported as a distinct curtovirus in iran. complete nucleotide sequences of three bctiv isolates, one each from central, southern, and south eastern iran were determined to be 2844, 2844, and 2845 nt long, respectively. bctiv shared highest nucleotide sequence identity (52.3%) with spinach curly top virus (spctv) and lowest identity (46.6%) with horseradish curly top virus (hrctv). the bctiv genome comprises three virion-sense (v1, v2, and v3) and ... | 2008 | 18401697 |
| identification of amino acids of the beet necrotic yellow vein virus p25 protein required for induction of the resistance response in leaves of beta vulgaris plants. | the rna3-encoded p25 protein of beet necrotic yellow vein virus (bnyvv) is responsible for the production of rhizomania symptoms of sugar beet roots (beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris). here, it was found that the presence of the p25 protein is also associated with the resistance response in rub-inoculated leaves of sugar beet and wild beet (beta vulgaris subsp. maritima) plants. the resistance phenotype displayed a range of symptoms from no visible lesions to necrotic or greyish lesions at the inoc ... | 2008 | 18420811 |
| changes in the intraisolate genetic structure of beet necrotic yellow vein virus populations associated with plant resistance breakdown. | the causal agent of rhizomania disease, beet necrotic yellow vein virus (bnyvv), typically produces asymptomatic root-limited infections in sugar beets (beta vulgaris) carrying the rz1-allele. unfortunately, this dominant resistance has been recently overcome. multiple cdna clones of the viral pathogenic determinant p25, derived from populations infecting susceptible or resistant plants, were sequenced to identify host effects on the viral population structure. populations isolated from compatib ... | 2008 | 18423510 |
| plastid-expressed choline monooxygenase gene improves salt and drought tolerance through accumulation of glycine betaine in tobacco. | glycine betaine (glybet), a quaternary ammonium compound, functions as an osmoprotectant in many organisms including plants. previous research has shown that over-expression of enzymes for glybet biosynthesis in transgenic plants improved abiotic stress tolerance, but so far no study on the effects of plastid-expression of choline monooxygenase, the enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of choline into betaine aldehyde, has been reported. in the present study, tobacco (nicotiana tabacum l. cv wis ... | 2008 | 18437388 |
| evidence for a blockwise distribution of acetyl groups onto homogalacturonans from a commercial sugar beet (beta vulgaris) pectin. | commercial acid-extracted sugar beet pectin was extensively hydrolysed using an endo-polygalacturonase (anpgi from aspergillus niger or anpgii from a. niger or fmpg from fusarium moniliforme) in combination with aspergillus aculeatus pectin methyl-esterase (aapme). the homogalacturonan-derived oligogalacturonates released were quantified by high-performance anion-exchange chromatography and their structure determined by mass spectrometry. the different endo-polygalacturonases exhibited variable ... | 2008 | 18448141 |
| rumen fermentation and degradability in buffalo and cattle using the in vitro gas production technique. | an in vitro trial was conducted to investigate the effect of different inoculum sources (buffalo vs. cattle) on rumen fermentation and degradability. incubations were carried out using rumen fluid obtained from buffalo or cattle fed the same diet [60% grass hay and 40% concentrate; 18 kg dry matter (dm)/day]. the fermentation kinetics of eight feeds commonly used in ruminant nutrition (alfalfa hay, barley meal, beet pulp, corn meal and silage, ryegrass hay and silage and soya bean meal s.e.) wer ... | 2008 | 18477317 |
| cloning and characterization of a novel exo-alpha-1,5-l-arabinanase gene and the enzyme. | a novel exo-alpha-1,5-l-arabinanase gene (arn3) was isolated, cloned, and expressed in e. coli. the recombinant enzyme (arn3) had a ph optimum of 6.0-7.0 and a ph 3.0-7.0 stability range. the temperature optimum was 50 degrees c with a stability less than or equal to 45 degrees c. the recombinant arn3 cleaved carboxymethyl (cm)-arabinan, debranched arabinan, and linear arabinan at a decreasing rate and is inactive on sugar beet arabinan, wheat arabinoxylan, and p-nitrophenyl-alpha-l-arabinofuran ... | 2008 | 18483735 |
| agrobacterium-mediated disruption of a nonribosomal peptide synthetase gene in the invertebrate pathogen metarhizium anisopliae reveals a peptide spore factor. | numerous secondary metabolites have been isolated from the insect pathogenic fungus metarhizium anisopliae, but the roles of these compounds as virulence factors in disease development are poorly understood. we targeted for disruption by agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation a putative nonribosomal peptide synthetase (nps) gene, manps1. four of six gene disruption mutants identified were examined further. chemical analyses showed the presence of serinocyclins, cyclic heptapeptides, i ... | 2008 | 18502925 |
| yersiniosis in lambs on fodder beet. | | 2008 | 18503074 |
| possibilities of the use of vinasses in the control of fungi phytopathogens. | the purpose of this research was to study the biocide effect of three agroindustrial subproducts, concretely sugar beet, sugar cane and wine vinasse. results from in vitro testing determined that wine vinasse is what shows a 100% capacity to suppress fungal growth with concentrations between 5% and 7% for fusarium oxysporum f.sp. melonis race 0 and 1, sclerotinia sclerotiorum, pythium aphanidermatum and phytophthora parasitica and 10-15% for f. oxysporum f.sp. radicis-cucumerinum. on the other h ... | 2008 | 18519163 |
| secondary metabolites from nonhost plants affect the motility and viability of phytopathogenic aphanomyces cochlioides zoospores. | the motile zoospores of the damping-off pathogen aphanomyces cochlioides aggregate on host plants (e.g., sugar beet, spinach) guided by the host-specific plant signal cochliophilin a before infection. to assess the potential role of secondary metabolites in nonhost resistance, acetone extracts of 200 nonhost traditional medicinal plants from chinese and bangladeshi origins were tested for the motility behaviour of a. cochlioides zoospores using a particle bioassay method. nearly one third of the ... | 2008 | 18533468 |
| effect of soluble and insoluble fiber on energy digestibility, nitrogen retention, and fiber digestibility of diets fed to gestating sows. | twenty-four sows (12 nulliparous, 12 multiparous) were used to determine soluble fiber (sf) and insoluble fiber (isf) effects on energy digestibility, n balance, and sf and isf digestibility. experimental diets included a corn-soybean meal control (c; 1.20% sf, 9.78% isf), a 34% oat bran diet high in sf (hs; 3.02% sf, 10.11% isf), a 12% wheat straw diet high in isf (his; 1.11% sf, 17.86% isf), and a 16% sugar beet pulp diet (hs + his; 2.32% sf, 16.08% isf). sows were assigned randomly to diets w ... | 2008 | 18539846 |
| assessment of chemical, biochemical and ecotoxicological aspects in a mine soil amended with sludge of either urban or industrial origin. | a greenhouse pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of sewage sludge (ss), of sugar beet sludge (sbs), or of a combination of both, in the remediation of a highly acidic (ph 3.6) metal-contaminated soil, affected by mining activities. the ss was applied at 100 and 200 mg ha(-1) (dry weight basis), and the sbs at 7 mg ha(-1). all pots were sown with italian ryegrass (lolium multiflorum lam.). after 60 d of growth, shoot biomass was quantified and analysed for cu, pb and zn. the pseud ... | 2008 | 18547605 |
| molecular and serological characterization of an iranian isolate of beet black scorch virus. | an isolate of beet black scorch virus (bbsv) was obtained from iranian sugar beet roots. its genome organization closely resembles that of the previously described chinese and north american isolates, but the nucleotide sequences of the three isolates differ considerably. most of the nucleotide exchanges, however, are silent, and the iranian and the chinese isolates were serologically indistinguishable. beets infected by the iranian bbsv did not show black scorch symptoms, but severe root bearde ... | 2008 | 18548319 |
| a family 51 alpha-l-arabinofuranosidase from penicillium purpurogenum: purification, properties and amino acid sequence. | the soft rot fungus penicillium purpurogenum secretes a wide variety of xylanolytic enzymes to the medium, among them three alpha-l-arabinofuranosidases. this work refers to arabinofuranosidase 2 (abf 2). this enzyme was purified to homogeneity and characterized; it is a glycosylated monomer with a molecular weight of 70 000 and an isoelectric point of 5.3. when assayed with p-nitrophenyl alpha-l-arabinofuranoside (pnpara) the enzyme followed michaelis-menten kinetics with a k(m) of 0.098mm. the ... | 2008 | 18550352 |
| ethanol production from fodder beets. | various yeasts such as two strains of saccharomyces cerevisiae, saccharomyces diastaticus, and kluyveromyces marxianus were investigated for their ability to ferment fodder beet juice to alcohol. juice extracted from fodder beet roots without any additives was used as a fermentation substrate. the fermentation kinetic parameters were determined and compared for each species of yeast tested. the best species for fodder beet juice fermentation was chosen and products obtained by fermentation of on ... | 1983 | 18551478 |
| effect of fructo-oligosaccharides and different doses of bifidobacterium animalis in a weaning diet on bacterial translocation and toll-like receptor gene expression in pigs. | our aim was to study the possible synergic action of one prebiotic with increasing dietary doses of a probiotic strain of bifidobacterium animalis on the translocation of bifidobacteria and on toll-like receptor (tlr) gene expression in different organs of weaned piglets. | 2008 | 18562167 |
| a new pilot reactor for solid-state fermentation: application to the protein enrichment of sugar beet pulp. | a new pilot reactor for solid-state fermentation has been used for single-cell protein production on raw sugar beet pulp with a mutant, trichoderma viride t.s. this pilot plant, having a maximum working capacity of one ton (ca. 200 kg dry matter) can be scaled up to the production plant level. during the process, the protein content increases from 9 to 20-21% (on the basis of dry matter) in 48 h. a material and heat balance is presented in relation with temperature and moisture level regulation ... | 1988 | 18584634 |
| semicontinuous diffusion fermentation of fodder beets for fuel ethanol and cubed protein feed production. | a novel, semicontinuous diffusion fermentation system was used to produce fuel ethanol and a cubed protein feed (cpf) from fodder beets at an intermediate scale. in the process, fodder beet cubes were augered diagonally upward against a flow of 0.26n h(2)so(4) and yeast in a tubular fermentor. exiting one end of the fermentor was cpf, while fermented beer [6-9% (v/v) ethanol] exited the other end. retention times for beer and cpf were 264 and 72 h, respectively. contamination was controlled by m ... | 1988 | 18584666 |
| identification of a promoter motif involved in curtovirus sense-gene expression in transgenic arabidopsis. | expression of the seven open reading frames (orfs) of single-stranded dna curtoviruses such as beet curly top virus (bctv) and beet severe curly top virus (bsctv) is driven by a bi-directional promoter. to investigate this bi-directional promoter activity with respect to viral late gene expression, transgenic arabidopsis plants expressing a gus reporter gene under the control of either the bctv or bsctv bi-directional promoter were constructed. transgenic plants harboring constructs showed highe ... | 2008 | 18596416 |
| comparative in vitro fermentation activity in the canine distal gastrointestinal tract and fermentation kinetics of fiber sources. | the current study aimed to evaluate the variation in fermentation activity along the distal canine gastrointestinal tract (git, exp. 1). it also aimed to assess fermentation kinetics and end product profiles of 16 dietary fibers for dog foods using canine fecal inoculum (exp. 2). for exp. 1, digesta were collected from the distal ileum, proximal colon, transverse colon, and rectum of 3 adult dogs. digesta per part of the git were pooled for 3 dogs, diluted (1:25, wt/vol), mixed, and filtered for ... | 2008 | 18599660 |
| batch fermentation kinetics of sugar beet molasses by zymomonas mobilis. | a new osmotolerant mutant strain of zymomonas mobilis was successfully used for ethanol production from beet molasses. addition of magnesium sulfate to hydrolyzed molasses allowed repeated growth without the need of yeast extract addition. the kinetics and yields parameters of fermentation on media with different molasses concentrations were calculated. the anabolic parameters (specific growth rate, mu, and biomass yield, y(x/s)) were inhibited at elevated molasses concentrations while the catab ... | 1991 | 18600764 |