| genetic research about mycobacterium avium complex. | we conducted four genetic studies on the mycobacterium avium complex (mac). (1) m. avium genotyping: a total of 70 clinical isolates from patients with pulmonary mac infections were typed by matr-vntr, is1245-rflp, and miru-vntr analyses to compare discriminatory powers of these typing methods. to allow a comparison of discriminatory powers, the hunter-gaston discriminatory index (hgdi) was calculated, giving a hgdi of 0.960 for is1245-rflp, 0.949 for miru-vntr, and 0.990 for matr-vntr, demonstr ... | 2013 | 23513564 |
| treatment of refractory mycobacterium avium complex lung disease with a moxifloxacin-containing regimen. | moxifloxacin (mxf) has in vitro and in vivo activity against mycobacterium avium complex (mac) in experimental models. however, no data are available concerning its treatment effect in patients with mac lung disease. the aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy of an mxf-containing regimen for the treatment of refractory mac lung disease. patients with mac lung disease who were diagnosed between january 2002 and december 2011 were identified from our hospital database. we identifi ... | 2013 | 23478956 |
| diagnosis of nontuberculous mycobacterial infections. | the nontuberculous mycobacteria (ntm) are typically environmental organisms residing in soil and water. although generally of low pathogenicity to humans, ntm can cause a wide array of clinical diseases; pulmonary disease is most frequent, followed by lymphadenitis in children, skin disease by m. marinum (particularly in fish tank fanciers), and other extrapulmonary or disseminated infections in severely immunocompromised patients. of the >140 ntm species reported in the literature, 25 species h ... | 2013 | 23460010 |
| update on the epidemiology of pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacterial infections. | for decades, the incidence of pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacteria (ntm) has been reported to be increasing, yet formal epidemiological evaluation of this notion has been lacking until recently. defining the epidemiology of ntm has been more challenging than with mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb). unlike mtb, ntm are soil and water organisms, and infection is thought to be acquired from the environment rather than transmitted from person-to-person, with very rare exceptions. due to their nearly ... | 2013 | 23460008 |
| serological assay by use of glycopeptidolipid core antigen for mycobacterium avium complex. | we evaluated the clinical usefulness of glycopeptidolipid (gpl) core antigen for diagnosing mycobacterium avium complex (mac) pulmonary disease (mac-pd), including patients with clinically suspected mac-pd. | 2013 | 23387370 |
| clinical characteristics and prevalence of pneumothorax in patients with pulmonary mycobacterium avium complex disease. | pneumothorax in patients with pulmonary mycobacterium avium complex (mac) disease is considered to be a rare complication, and little is known about its clinical course. in this study, we aimed to define the clinical features, outcome, and prevalence of pneumothorax in patients with pulmonary mac disease. a retrospective review of medical records identified eight men and ten women (mean age, 75 years) with active pulmonary mac disease complicated by pneumothorax between 2003 and 2010 in our inst ... | 2013 | 23196652 |
| mycobacterial interspersed repetitive-unit-variable-number tandem-repeat (miru-vntr) genotyping of mycobacterium intracellulare for strain comparison with establishment of a pcr-based database. | strain comparison is important to population genetics and to evaluate relapses in patients with mycobacterium avium complex (mac) lung disease, but the "gold standard" of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) is time-consuming and complex. we used variable-number tandem repeats (vntr) for fingerprinting of respiratory isolates of m. intracellulare from patients with underlying bronchiectasis, to establish a nonsequence-based database for population analysis. different genotypes identified by p ... | 2013 | 23175249 |
| inter- and intra-subtype genotypic differences that differentiate mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis strains. | mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (map) is the aetiological agent of johne's disease or paratuberculosis and is included within the mycobacterium avium complex (mac). map strains are of two major types often referred to as 'sheep' or 's-type' and 'cattle' or 'c-type'. with the advent of more discriminatory typing techniques it has been possible to further classify the s-type strains into two groups referred to as type i and type iii. this study was undertaken to genotype a large pa ... | 2012 | 23164429 |
| a case of follicular bronchiolitis as the histological counterpart to nodular opacities in bronchiectatic mycobacterium avium complex disease. | here we report the case of a 72-year-old woman with nodular bronchiectatic mycobacterium avium complex (mac) disease. chest computed tomography on admission revealed multiple micronodular and branching opacities in both lobes with segmental distribution; bronchiectasis and bronchial wall thickening were observed in the middle lobe and lingula. the patient consented to and underwent thoracoscopic lung biopsy; epithelioid granulomas were occasionally observed, but follicular bronchiolitis was wide ... | 2012 | 23133778 |
| disseminated mycobacterium intracellulare infection in an immunocompetent host. | disseminated mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infection can occur in immunocompromised patients, and rarely in immunocompetent subjects. due to the extensive distribution of the disease, clinical presentation of disseminated mac may mimic malignancies, and thorough examinations are required in order to make accurate diagnosis. we report a case of disseminated mycobacterium intracellulare disease in an immunocompetent patient, which involved the lung, lymph nodes, spleen, and multiple bones. f-1 ... | 2012 | 23101011 |
| prognostic value of american thoracic society criteria for non-tuberculous mycobacterial disease: a retrospective analysis of 120 cases with four years of follow-up. | non-tuberculous mycobacteria (ntm) cause disease in healthy and immunocompromised patients. the american thoracic society (ats) 2007 diagnostic criteria were devised to distinguish ntm disease from airway colonization. the aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic value of the ats criteria. | 2013 | 23039965 |
| characterization of clinical and environmental mycobacterium avium spp. isolates and their interaction with human macrophages. | members of the mycobacterium avium complex (mac) are naturally occurring bacteria in the environment. a link has been suggested between m. avium strains in drinking water and clinical isolates from infected individuals. there is a need to develop new screening methodologies that can identify specific virulence properties of m. avium isolates found in water that predict a level of risk to exposed individuals. in this work we have characterized 15 clinical and environmental m. avium spp. isolates ... | 2012 | 23028991 |
| [a study of adverse drug reactions in the treatment of pulmonary mycobacterium avium complex disease]. | adverse drug reactions interfere with the standard treatment of pulmonary mycobacterium avium complex (mac) disease; however, few studies have investigated this issue. we studied adverse drug reactions in the treatment of pulmonary mac disease. | 2012 | 22993889 |
| identification of potential biomarkers to distinguish mycobacterium colombiense from other mycobacterial species. | mycobacterium avium complex (mac) consists of 9 species of slow-growing mycobacteria with differing degrees of pathogenicity, host preference and environmental distribution. mycobacterium colombiense is a novel member of mac that is responsible for disseminated infections in hiv-infected patients in colombia and lymphadenopathy cases in europe. at present, methods to easily differentiate novel members of mac are lacking. in this study, we identified possible biomarkers that are potentially usefu ... | 2013 | 22967705 |
| rapid detection of the mycobacterium tuberculosis complex by use of quenching probe pcr (genecube). | early detection of tuberculosis (tb) is essential for infection control. the genecube (toyobo) is a novel fully automated gene analyzer that can amplify target dnas within 60 min. in this study, we evaluated the ability of the genecube to directly detect mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (mtbc) and mycobacterium avium complex (mac) in clinical specimens. the results were then compared with those obtained using conventional culture, microscopy, and the cobas amplicor assay (roche). we examined a ... | 2012 | 22933602 |
| profile of cause of death assigned to adults on antiretroviral therapy in soweto. | this retrospective cohort study describes causes of death in 305 patients (baseline median cd4 count 26/μl) from 2 943 adults on antiretroviral therapy. acute sepsis (20%), tuberculosis (18%) and mycobacterium avium complex (mac) bacteraemia (14%) were the most common causes. mortality owing to the disease was 66% for mac bacteraemia and 23% for non-hodgkin's lymphoma. in 37 patients dying beyond one year on art, virological failure was present in 11 (30%), and non-hiv-related causes of death oc ... | 2012 | 22831946 |
| diagnosis of mycobacterium avium complex in granulomatous lymphadenitis in slaughtered domestic pigs. | the aim of this study was to compare two diagnostic methods for the detection of mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infection in lymph nodes with granulomatous lymphadenitis from slaughtered domestic pigs. fifty affected lymph nodes were collected from 50 pigs and examined microscopically and by polymerase chain reaction (pcr). microscopically, granulomatous lesions were observed in 92% of the samples, consisting mostly of central necrosis (78%) with dystrophic calcification (46%) and associated ... | 2012 | 22784782 |
| the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of pulmonary mycobacterium avium complex disease treatment. | currently recommended multidrug treatment regimens for mycobacterium avium complex (mac) lung disease yield limited cure rates. this results, in part, from incomplete understanding of the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the drugs. | 2012 | 22744719 |
| characterization of a novel variant of mycobacterium chimaera. | in this study, nonchromogenic mycobacteria were isolated from pulmonary samples of three patients in the netherlands. all isolates had identical, unique 16s rrna gene and 16s-23s its sequences, which were closely related to those of mycobacterium chimaera and mycobacterium marseillense. the biochemical features of the isolates differed slightly from those of m. chimaera, suggesting that the isolates may represent a possible separate species within the mycobacterium avium complex (mac). however, ... | 2012 | 22700551 |
| association between pulmonary mycobacterium avium complex infection and lung cancer. | patients with lung cancer are sometimes found to have respiratory cultures growing mycobacterium avium complex (mac). this study describes the clinical, pathologic, and radiographic -characteristics of individuals who harbor concomitant lung cancer and mac. | 2012 | 22699888 |
| [a case of environmental infection with pulmonary mycobacterium avium complex disease from a residential bathroom of a patient suggested by variable-number tandem-repeat typing of mycobacterium avium tandem repeat loci]. | a 63-year-old woman was referred to our hospital because of bilateral infiltrations and nodular opacities in her chest radiograph taken in the mass radiography screening in september 2010. the chest computed tomography showed patchy infiltrations with bronchiectasis in the lower lung fields on both sides. she was diagnosed with pulmonary mycobacterium avium complex (mac) disease based on the bacteria recovered from the sputum and the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. to elucidate an environmental ma ... | 2012 | 22693875 |
| [hypersensitivity pneumonitis-like disease caused by exposure to mycobacterium avium complex in bathtub water at home: a case report]. | we report here a case of hypersensitivity pneumonitis-like disease in an adult, likely due to exposure to mycobacterium avium complex (mac) in his bathtub water at home. a 63-year-old man was referred to our hospital with exertional dyspnea. chest computed tomography showed bilateral, diffuse, centrilobular ground-glass nodules. bronchoalveolar lavage showed marked lymphocytosis. transbronchial biopsy showed epithelioid cell granulomas and lymphocyte alveolitis. cultures of the patient's sputum ... | 2012 | 22693874 |
| [distribution of pulmonary mycobacterium avium complex (mac) disease cavities and their course under chemotherapy]. | the presence of a cavitary lesion is important factor for pulmonary mycobacterium avium complex (mac) treatment. | 2012 | 22693873 |
| primary cutaneous infection by mycobacterium avium: a case report and literature review. | nontuberculous mycobacteria (ntm) are becoming increasingly important cutaneous pathogens as the number of susceptible patients increases. nevertheless, primary cutaneous infection by one particular species, mycobacterium avium complex (mac), remains relatively unusual, particularly in immunocompetent patients. we review the english-language literature on primary cutaneous mac in patients who were neither immunocompromised nor pharmacologically immunosuppressed. we offer an additional report of ... | 2012 | 22611745 |
| complete genome sequence of mycobacterium intracellulare strain atcc 13950(t). | here we report the first complete genome sequence of mycobacterium intracellulare atcc 13950(t), a mycobacterium avium complex (mac) strain. this genome sequence will serve as a valuable reference for understanding the epidemiologic, biological, and pathogenic aspects of the disparity between mac members. | 2012 | 22535933 |
| mycobacterium avium complex--the role of potable water in disease transmission. | mycobacterium avium complex (mac) is a group of opportunistic pathogens of major public health concern. it is responsible for a wide spectrum of disease dependent on subspecies, route of infection and patients pre-existing conditions. presently, there is limited research on the incidence of mac infection that considers both pulmonary and other clinical manifestations. mac has been isolated from various terrestrial and aquatic environments including natural waters, engineered water systems and so ... | 2012 | 22471411 |
| mycobacterium avium-intracellulare brain abscess in hiv-positive patient. | mycobacterial opportunistic infections are a major cause of morbidity and mortality among patients living with hiv (plhiv) worldwide. nontuberculous mycobacterial (ntm) infection is one of the leading causes of opportunistic infection in patients with advanced acquired immunodeficiency syndrome i.e., with cd4 count less than 50/cu.mm. mycobacterium avium complex (mac) is among the most common opportunistic bacterial infections in those patients with advanced immunodeficiency apart from cryptococ ... | 2012 | 22412276 |
| association of slc11a1 (nramp1) polymorphisms with pulmonary mycobacterium avium complex infection. | although genetic variants in slc11a1 (nramp1) have been associated with mycobacterial diseases, these findings have not been extensively validated in pulmonary mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infection. this study investigated the genomic structure of slc11a1 and its association with mac infection. nineteen polymorphic loci were genotyped in european descendents and the japanese population. linkage disequilibrium (ld) structures and frequencies of major haplotypes differed between these 2 popu ... | 2012 | 22387151 |
| identification of a novel tetrapeptide structure of the mycobacterium avium glycopeptidolipid that functions as a specific target for the host antibody response. | mycobacterium avium complex (mac) is a group of non-tuberculous mycobacteria that cause tuberculosis-like diseases in humans. unlike mycobacterium tuberculosis, mac expresses high levels of glycopeptidolipids (gpls) containing a well-defined tetrapeptide-amino alcohol core, composed of d-phenylalanine, d-allo-threonine, d-alanine, and l-alaninol, that is modified with a fatty acid and sugar residues. surprisingly, however, a careful scrutiny of the mass spectrum of mac gpls revealed the presence ... | 2012 | 22382026 |
| antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects of clarithromycin on mycobacterium avium complex replication in cultured human bronchial epithelial cells. | the mycobacterium avium complex (mac) invades cultured human bronchial cells, can replicate intracellularly, and facilitates the release of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines from cells. the purpose of this study was to examine the effects of clarithromycin (cam) on mac invasion, replication, and the release of cytokines and chemokines. a human bronchial epithelial cell line (beas-2b) monolayer grown on a tissue culture plate was infected with mac. after 24 h, the cells were washed with hanks ... | 2012 | 22370922 |
| therapy of refractory nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease. | the prevalence of nontuberculous mycobacterial (ntm) lung disease is increasing in the usa. clinicians are therefore encountering these patients with increasing frequency, with the attendant multiple therapeutic challenges presented by ntm lung disease including relatively frequent (compared with tuberculosis) treatment failure. | 2012 | 22327466 |
| pseudallescheria boydii pneumonia in an immunocompetent host. | pseudallescheria boydii pneumonia is rarely reported among immunocompetent patients. | 2012 | 23569518 |
| use of mefloquine in multidrug-resistant mycobacterium avium complex pulmonary disease in an hiv-negative patient. | mycobacterium avium complex (mac) is a leading cause of pulmonary disease (pd), even in those with intact immunity, representing about 30% of the cases of pleuropulmonary mycobacterial infection. based on previous studies, macrolides are the only agents used in the treatment of mac disease for which there is a correlation between in vitro susceptibility and in vivo (clinical) response. however, resistance develops rapidly if single-agent treatment is used. data regarding treatment of macrolide-r ... | 2007 | 24692773 |
| isolation, pcr based identification, and sensitivity pattern of environmental mycobacteria from leprosy and tuberculosis patients. | we have isolated and identified the biotype of environmental mycobacteria from the expectorate of leprosy patients, their contacts, their drinking water supply and also from the sputa samples of tuberculosis patients. 78% of the isolates from lepromatous leprosy patients and their contacts weremycobacterium fortuitum- chelonae complex (mfc), 9%mycobacterium avium complex (mac), 9%mycobacterium scrofulaceum and 4% weremycobacterium smegmatis. among the isolates from tuberculosis patients 63% belo ... | 2000 | 23105248 |
| investigation of mycobacterium avium complex (mac) in australian commercial milk using qpcr. | this technical research communication describes the first study to use quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qpcr) to investigate the presence of mycobacterium avium complex (mac) in australian pasteurised milk. mac is the most common ntm responsible for human illnesses and includes m. avium subspecies paratuberculosis (map). mac is a causative agent of lymphadenitis in children, with contaminated food and water considered as a likely source. as such the presence of mac in milk would have publ ... | 2017 | 28252353 |
| how does a mycobacterium change its spots? applying molecular tools to track diverse strains of mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis. | defining genetic diversity in the wake of the release of several mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) genome sequences has become a major emphasis in the molecular biology and epidemiology of johne's disease research. these data can now be used to define the extent of strain diversity on the farm. however, to perform these important tasks, researchers must have a way to distinguish the many map isolates/strains that are present in the environment or host to enable tracking over time ... | 2013 | 23721475 |
| a case of bilateral hilar and mediastinal lymphadenopathy developing during treatment for mycobacterium avium complex. | we report a rare case of an immunocompetent patient with mycobacterium avium complex (mac) disease in which bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy developed during anti-mac treatment. this case indicates that propionibacterium acnes would be present and might be a cause of sarcoidosis even in patients with mac. | 2017 | 28680616 |
| human health risks for legionella and mycobacterium avium complex (mac) from potable and non-potable uses of roof-harvested rainwater. | a quantitative microbial risk assessment (qmra) of opportunistic pathogens legionella pneumophila (lp) and mycobacterium avium complex (mac) was undertaken for various uses of roof-harvested rainwater (rhrw) reported in queensland, australia to identify appropriate usages and guide risk management practices. risks from inhalation of aerosols due to showering, swimming in pools topped up with rhrw, use of a garden hose, car washing, and toilet flushing with rhrw were considered for lp while both ... | 2017 | 28500949 |
| the efficacy, safety, and feasibility of inhaled amikacin for the treatment of difficult-to-treat non-tuberculous mycobacterial lung diseases. | in multidrug regimens, including an intravenous aminoglycoside (e.g. amikacin [amk]) is recommended for difficult-to-treat non-tuberculous mycobacterial (ntm) lung diseases. we aimed to evaluate the efficacy, safety, and feasibility of inhaled amk therapy in patients with difficult-to-treat ntm lung diseases in a retrospective chart review. | 2017 | 28793869 |
| distribution of non-tuberculosis mycobacteria strains from suspected tuberculosis patients by heat shock protein 65 pcr-rflp. | the genus mycobacterium contains more than 150 species. non-tuberculosis mycobacteria (ntm) often cause extrapulmonary and pulmonary disease. mycobacteria detection at species level is necessary and provides useful information on epidemiology and facilitates successful treatment of patients. this retrospective study aimed to determine the incidence of the ntm isolates and mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) in clinical specimens collected from iranian patients during february 2011-december 2013, by ... | 2017 | 28855835 |
| spatio-temporal study of environmental nontuberculous mycobacteria isolated from wardha district in central india. | during the last two decades, nontuberculous mycobacteria (ntm) have gained in importance but there is still a paucity of data, particularly for environmental isolates. we studied, over a period of two years, the spatio-temporal features of ntm isolates obtained from different environmental sources in wardha district, india. a total of 1398 samples (699 each of soil and water) were tested and 170 (12.2%) yielded ntm isolates, including 123 from soil and 47 from water samples. out of 170 ntm isola ... | 2017 | 28836034 |
| persimmon-derived tannin has bacteriostatic and anti-inflammatory activity in a murine model of mycobacterium avium complex (mac) disease. | nontuberculous mycobacteria (ntm), including mycobacterium avium complex (mac), cause opportunistic chronic pulmonary infections. notably, mac susceptibility is regulated by various factors, including the host immune system. persimmon (ebenaceae diospyros kaki thunb.) tannin is a condensed tannin composed of a polymer of catechin groups. it is well known that condensed tannins have high antioxidant activity and bacteriostatic properties. however, it is hypothesized that condensed tannins might n ... | 2017 | 28827842 |
| hsa-mir-346 is a potential serum biomarker of mycobacterium avium complex pulmonary disease activity. | microrna (mirna) has been recently recognized as a biomarker of various diseases; however, there are no known mirnas associated with mycobacterium avium complex (mac) pulmonary disease. in addition, there are no known biomarkers to precisely reflect disease activity after the diagnosis of mac pulmonary disease. thus, we sought to identify a mirna which is a candidate biomarker of mac pulmonary disease activity. serum hsa-mir-346 concentrations of 16 patients with m. avium pulmonary disease were ... | 2017 | 28827075 |
| mycobacterium avium complex infection and immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome remain a challenge in the era of effective antiretroviral therapy. | a 10-year review of disseminated mac infection and mac-immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (iris) in hiv-positive patients (2004-2014) at a state-wide tertiary referral hiv service, demonstrates that despite advances in antiretroviral therapy, mac infection remains a therapeutic challenge, particularly intra-abdominal disease. | 2017 | 28791872 |
| predictive factors for a one-year improvement in nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease: an 11-year retrospective and multicenter study. | nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease (ntm-pd) has become an emerging infectious disease and is responsible for more deaths than tuberculosis in industrialized countries. ntm-pd mortality remains high in some series reportedly ranging from 25% to 40% at five years and often due to unfavorable evolution of ntm-pd despite established treatment. the purpose of our study was to search for early factors that could predict the favorable or unfavorable evolution of ntm-pd at the first year of ... | 2017 | 28787454 |
| nontuberculous mycobacteria in denmark, incidence and clinical importance during the last quarter-century. | disease caused by nontuberculous mycobacteria (ntm) is reported to increase due to an ageing population and a rise in the proportion of immunosuppressed patients. we did a retrospective cohort study of ntm-disease in the danish population through a quarter-century to determine the disease burden and trends in annual incidence rates. 524,119 clinical specimens were cultured for mycobacteria from 1991 through 2015 at the international reference laboratory of mycobacteriology in denmark. among thes ... | 2017 | 28751677 |
| small bowel obstruction due to mesenteric abscess caused by mycobacterium avium complex in an hiv patient: a case report and literature review. | small bowel obstruction in hiv patients is reportedly caused by inflammatory pseudotumor, kaposi's sarcoma, cryptococcal lymphadenopathy and intestinal tuberculosis. the incidence of mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infection in hiv patients is 3% for cd4 cell count of 100-199 /mm(3). mac causing small bowel obstruction is rarely reported in the literature. we report a rare case of mac causing mesenteric abscess with small bowel obstruction in a hiv patient with a cd4 cell count of 144 /mm(3). ... | 2017 | 28721191 |
| in vitro activity of aminoglycosides, clofazimine, d-cycloserine and dapsone against 83 mycobacterium avium complex clinical isolates. | treatment success rates for mycobacterium avium complex (mac) diseases range from 50% to 55% only. to explore effective antimicrobials against either mycobacteriumintracellulare or m. avium, we determined in vitro activities of five aminoglycosides, clofazimine, dapsone and d-cycloserine compared with primary (clarithromycin) and secondary (moxifloxacin and linezolid) antimycobacterial agents. | 2017 | 28705770 |
| characteristics of mycobacterium avium complex (mac) pulmonary disease in previously treated lung cancer patients. | mycobacterium avium complex (mac) is responsible for a large portion of non-tuberculous mycobacterial (ntm) infections worldwide. host factors such as active malignancy, immunosuppression, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) and bronchiectasis increase the risk of mac infection. however, the relationship between previously treated lung cancer with subsequent development of mac pulmonary disease and treatment outcomes have not been previously studied. | 2017 | 28702340 |
| disseminated mycobacterium avium complex in an adolescent with perinatally-acquired hiv infection. | mycobacterium avium complex (mac) is the most frequent nontuberculous mycobacteria implicated in opportunistic infections that define acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. with highly active antiretroviral therapy, disseminated mac (dmac) has become a rare entity. this unique case of dmac was diagnosed in an adolescent with newly diagnosed perinatally-acquired hiv infection whose initial cd4 cell count was severely depleted and viral load was extremely high. while maximized treatment regimen had n ... | 2017 | 28663777 |
| development and validation of a prognostic scoring model for mycobacterium avium complex lung disease: an observational cohort study. | patients with mycobacterium avium complex (mac) lung disease (ld) have a heterogeneous prognosis. this study aimed to develop and validate a prognostic scoring model for these patients using independent risk factors for survival. | 2017 | 28629426 |
| incidence of disseminated mycobacterium avium-complex infection in hiv patients receiving antiretroviral therapy with use of mycobacterium avium-complex prophylaxis. | the incidence of disseminated mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infection in hiv patients has fallen markedly since the introduction of effective antiretroviral therapy (art). however, current guidelines still recommend primary prophylaxis. we conducted a retrospective cohort study in a university-affiliated hospital from january 1998 to january 2014. during that period, hiv patients who had at least one cd4 cell count below 50 cells/mm(3) and had been treated with art were enrolled. we compared ... | 2017 | 28592210 |
| microbiological persistence in patients with mycobacterium avium complex lung disease: the predictors and the impact on radiographic progression. | persistent growth of mycobacterium avium complex (mac) in the lungs indicates continuous infection in mac lung disease (mac-ld), but its clinical significance has not been investigated. we aimed to evaluate the predictors of persistent culture-positivity and its impact on radiographic deterioration in mac-ld. | 2017 | 28541556 |
| anti-mycobacterium avium complex activity of clarithromycin, rifampin, rifabutin, and ethambutol in combination with adenosine 5'-triphosphate. | we previously reported that adenosine 5'-triphosphate (atp) inhibited the growth of various bacteria, including mycobacteria, staphylococcus, and pseudomonas, without damaging bacterial surface structures. notably, atp's antibacterial activity was found to be attributable to its iron-chelating ability. atp exhibited combined effects with some antimicrobials against mycobacterium intracellulare and methicillin-resistant s. aureus, suggesting its usefulness as an adjunctive drug in the chemotherap ... | 2017 | 28511780 |
| clinical features of patients with bacteraemia caused by mycobacterium avium complex species and antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates at a medical centre in taiwan, 2008-2014. | advanced molecular typing methods have greatly expanded the taxonomy of mycobacterium avium complex (mac) species; however, little is known about the epidemiology and clinical features of bacteraemia caused by different mac species. in this study, the clinical characteristics of patients treated for mac bacteraemia in a tertiary-care centre in northern taiwan during 2008-2014 were investigated. isolates were identified to species level by rpob gene and 16s-23s rrna internal transcribed spacer re ... | 2017 | 28478210 |
| mycobacterium avium complex disease. | despite the ubiqitous nature of mycobacterium avium complex (mac) organisms in the environment, relatively few of those who are infected develop disease. thus, some degree of susceptibility due to either underlying lung disease or immunosuppression is required. the frequency of pulmonary mac disease is increasing in many areas, and the exact reasons are unknown. isolation of mac from a respiratory specimen does not necessarily mean that treatment is required, as the decision to treatment require ... | 2017 | 28429679 |
| complications of chronic necrotizing pulmonary aspergillosis: review of published case reports. | chronic necrotizing pulmonary aspergillosis (cnpa), a form of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (cpa), affects immunocompetent or mildly immunocompromised persons with underlying pulmonary disease. these conditions are associated with high morbidity and mortality and often require long-term antifungal treatment. the long-term prognosis for patients with cnpa and the potential complications of cnpa have not been well documented. the aim of this study was to review published papers that report cases ... | 2017 | 28423094 |
| invasive nontuberculous mycobacterial infections among cardiothoracic surgical patients exposed to heater-cooler devices(1). | invasive nontuberculous mycobacteria (ntm) infections may result from a previously unrecognized source of transmission, heater-cooler devices (hcds) used during cardiac surgery. in july 2015, the pennsylvania department of health notified the centers for disease control and prevention (cdc) about a cluster of ntm infections among cardiothoracic surgical patients at 1 hospital. we conducted a case-control study to identify exposures causing infection, examining 11 case-patients and 48 control-pat ... | 2017 | 28418290 |
| comparison of methods available for the identification of mycobacterium chimaera. | mycobacterium chimaera is a recently described nontuberculous mycobacterium belonging to the m. avium complex (mac). because this species is implicated in a worldwide outbreak due to contaminated heater-cooler unit water tanks during open-heart surgery, it becomes mandatory for clinical microbiology laboratories to be able to differentiate m. chimaera from the other mac species, especially m. intracellulare. such identification was so far restricted to specialized laboratories, since it required ... | 2017 | 28782649 |
| causative species of nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease and comparative investigation on clinical features of mycobacterium abscessus complex disease: a retrospective analysis for two major hospitals in a subtropical region of japan. | nontuberculous mycobacteria (ntm) lung disease is increasing globally. although the etiological epidemiology of ntm is different across regions, mycobacterium avium complex (mac) is the leading cause of ntm lung disease in most countries, including mainland japan. okinawa is located in the southernmost region of japan and is the only prefecture categorized as a subtropical region in japan, it is therefore likely the etiological epidemiology of ntm lung disease is different from mainland japan. f ... | 2017 | 29059250 |
| mycobacterium avium complex pulmonary disease: new epidemiology and management concepts. | the prevalence of mycobacterium avium complex (mac)-related pulmonary disease has been increasing because of environmental factors, changes in organism virulence, and evolving host susceptibility. treatment is often complicated by adverse effects, development of drug resistance, and refractory disease, with recurrence rates as high as 25-45%. | 2018 | 29346118 |
| clinical significance and epidemiologic analyses of mycobacterium avium and mycobacterium intracellulare lung disease from post-marketing surveillance. | in japan, nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease is mostly attributable to mycobacterium avium complex (mac), i.e., m. avium or m. intracellulare. however, clinical features of the disease caused by these two pathogens have not been studied sufficiently yet. | 2018 | 29325687 |
| impact of chronic pseudomonas aeruginosa infection on health-related quality of life in mycobacterium avium complex lung disease. | in bronchiectasis patients, chronic pseudomonas aeruginosa (pa) infection has been associated with worse health-related quality of life (hrql), but little is known about mycobacterium avium complex lung disease (macld) patients in this context. this study aimed to evaluate hrql and investigate the impact of chronic pa infection in macld patients. | 2017 | 29237500 |
| differences in drug susceptibility pattern between mycobacterium avium and mycobacterium intracellulare isolated in respiratory specimens. | mycobacterium avium complex (mac) is the most common etiologic organisms of nontuberculous mycobacteria (ntm) lung disease. in this study, we aimed to retrospectively investigate the differences in drug susceptibility patterns of two major mac species; mycobacterium avium and mycobacterium intracellulare. a total of 1883 major two mac isolates (1060 m. avium and 823 m. intracellulare) from respiratory specimens were included in this study during the period 2011─2016. the minimum inhibitory conce ... | 2017 | 29223615 |
| intermittent antibiotic therapy for recurrent nodular bronchiectatic mycobacterium avium complex lung disease. | intermittent, three-times-weekly oral antibiotic therapy is recommended for the initial treatment of non-cavitary nodular bronchiectatic (nb) mycobacterium avium complex (mac) lung disease. however, intermittent therapy is not recommended for patients who have been previously treated. we evaluated 53 patients with recurrent non-cavitary nb mac lung disease who underwent antibiotic treatment for ≥12 months with daily therapy (n = 26) or intermittent therapy (n = 27) between january 2008 and decem ... | 2017 | 29203483 |
| successful diagnosis of intestinal mycobacterium avium complex infection in a kidney transplant recipient using nasogastric aspirate culture: a case report. | intestinal mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infections are rare and can be challenging to diagnose. we describe a case of intestinal mac infection in a kidney transplant recipient with 5 months of unexplained weight loss and abdominal pain who developed intestinal obstruction. esophagoduodenoscopy with biopsies was performed but was nondiagnostic. intestinal mac was diagnosed via nasogastric aspirate culture results. the patient's symptoms rapidly improved after initiation of appropriate treatm ... | 2017 | 29198678 |
| cough due to tb and other chronic infections: chest guideline and expert panel report. | cough is common in pulmonary tb and other chronic respiratory infections. identifying features that predict whether pulmonary tb is the cause would help target appropriate individuals for rapid and cost-effective screening, potentially limiting disease progression and preventing transmission to others. | 2017 | 29196066 |
| clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes of pleural effusions in patients with nontuberculous mycobacterial disease. | the incidence of nontuberculous mycobacterial (ntm) infection has increased over the last 10 years. however, the clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes of patients with ntm pleuritis have not been well defined. | 2017 | 29173447 |
| do infections with disseminated mycobacterium avium complex precede sweet's syndrome? a case report and literature review. | sweet's syndrome is reportedly associated with preceding nontuberculous mycobacterial infections (ntmis). here, we report on a systemic mycobacterium intracellulare infection in a patient on corticoid therapy for sweet's syndrome. literature searches show that 69.1% of patients with sweet's syndrome and ntmis developed this syndrome later than ntmis and 89.3% of them developed during the clinical course of a rapidly growing mycobacterial infection. the residual cases were associated with slow-gr ... | 2017 | 29171446 |
| hot tub lung: a diagnostic challenge. | hot tub lung (htl) is a granulomatous lung disease thought to occur as a result of a hypersensitivity response to non-tuberculous mycobacteria (ntm). typical radiographic findings are diffuse micronodular and/or ground glass opacities. we report an interesting case of htl that presented with unique radiographic features, making its diagnosis a predicament. a 56-year-old immunocompetent female with chronic dyspnea and dry cough was found to have subcentimeter cavitary nodules, predominantly in th ... | 2017 | 29098128 |
| disseminated cutaneous infection of mycobacterium colombiense in a patient with myelodysplastic syndrome: a case report. | mycobacterium colombiense (m. colombiense) is a member of the mycobacterium avium complex (mac). to our knowledge, this is the third case report of an m. colombiense infection. an 80-year-old man, immunocompromised by myelodysplastic syndrome (mds), developed a skin rash with exfoliation and eruption on his face and scalp. mycobacteria were detected in pus samples. broad-range polymerase chain reaction (pcr) revealed the mycobacteria to be m. colombiense. the lesions resolved after daily adminis ... | 2017 | 29093379 |
| natural course of the nodular bronchiectatic form of mycobacterium avium complex lung disease: long-term radiologic change without treatment. | although the incidence of mycobacterium avium complex (mac) lung disease is increasing, the long-term natural course of the nodular bronchiectatic form of mac lung disease is not well described. the objective of our study is to evaluate long-term radiologic changes in untreated mac lung disease by analyzing serial chest computed tomography (ct) scan findings. | 2017 | 28968457 |
| outcomes of mycobacterium avium complex lung disease based on clinical phenotype. | the effect of the clinical phenotype of mycobacterium avium complex (mac) lung disease on treatment outcome and redevelopment of nontuberculous mycobacterial (ntm) lung disease after treatment completion has not been studied systematically.we evaluated 481 treatment-naïve patients with mac lung disease who underwent antibiotic treatment for ≥12 months between january 2002 and december 2013.out of 481 patients, 278 (58%) had noncavitary nodular bronchiectatic (nb) disease, 80 (17%) had cavitary n ... | 2017 | 28954780 |
| hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (hlh): elusive diagnosis of disseminated mycobacterium avium complex infection. | hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (hlh) is a clinical syndrome of hyperinflammation leading to an uncontrolled and ineffective immune response, associated with high mortality. | 2017 | 28932715 |
| a programme to create short-course chemotherapy for pulmonary mycobacterium avium disease based on pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics and mathematical forecasting. | pulmonary mycobacterium avium complex (mac) prevalence is on the rise worldwide. the average therapy duration is 1.5 years, which is associated with poor cure rates. our objective was to develop a programme to design a combination therapy regimen for pulmonary mac to be administered for 6 months or less with efficacy in > 90% of patients. | 2017 | 28922811 |
| a novel ceftazidime/avibactam, rifabutin, tedizolid and moxifloxacin (cartm) regimen for pulmonary mycobacterium avium disease. | to compare the efficacy of ceftazidime/avibactam plus tedizolid-based combination regimens with the standard therapy of azithromycin, ethambutol and rifabutin for the treatment of pulmonary mycobacterium avium complex (mac) disease. | 2017 | 28922809 |
| the discovery of ceftazidime/avibactam as an anti-mycobacterium avium agent. | to determine if ceftaroline and ceftazidime combined with avibactam are efficacious against pulmonary mycobacterium avium complex (mac) disease. | 2017 | 28922808 |
| tedizolid is highly bactericidal in the treatment of pulmonary mycobacterium avium complex disease. | to determine if tedizolid is effective for pulmonary mycobacterium avium complex (mac) disease, and to use pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics to design optimal doses. | 2017 | 28922807 |
| linezolid as treatment for pulmonary mycobacterium avium disease. | to identify the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic parameters and exposures of linezolid in the treatment of pulmonary mycobacterium avium complex (mac) disease. | 2017 | 28922806 |
| failure of the azithromycin and ethambutol combination regimen in the hollow-fibre system model of pulmonary mycobacterium avium infection is due to acquired resistance. | to investigate the performance of the two backbone drugs in the standard combination therapy regimen in the hollow-fibre system (hfs) model of pulmonary mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infection. | 2017 | 28922805 |
| complete genome sequence of mycobacterium chimaera sj42, a nonoutbreak strain from an immunocompromised patient with pulmonary disease. | mycobacterium chimaera, a nontuberculous mycobacterium (ntm) belonging to the mycobacterium avium complex (mac), is an opportunistic pathogen that can cause respiratory and disseminated disease. we report the complete genome sequence of a strain, sj42, isolated from an immunocompromised male presenting with mac pneumonia, assembled from illumina and oxford nanopore data. | 2017 | 28912319 |