| severe psittacosis during pregnancy and suppression of antibody response with early therapy. | a cluster of 3 cases of psittacosis occurred among members of one family. the initial case was a pregnant woman who presented with extensive multilobar infiltrates and severe respiratory distress necessitating mechanical ventilation. her respiratory failure worsened during 36 h of erythromycin therapy. improvement coincided with the termination of pregnancy and the initiation of doxycycline treatment. the remaining patients developed milder illness. serologic assessment of the affected subjects ... | 1995 | 8588147 |
| [endomycoses--a problem in the diagnosis of chlamydia psittaci infections in chickens]. | two hens, which died at an age of 42 respectively 45 weeks, showed firstly lesions of endomycosis as sole cause of illness or death at necropsy and in light microscopic investigations. with peroxidase-antiperoxidase-(pap-)technique and in electron microscopic investigations, however, chlamydia psittaci were also found in very large numbers in both chickens, and occurred here particularly in lungs, liver, kidneys, spleen, myocard and ovary. the results showed, that endomycosis and chlamydial infe ... | 1995 | 8591772 |
| probable epizootic chlamydiosis in wild california (larus californicus) and ring-billed (larus delawarensis) gulls in north dakota. | during the summer of 1986, more than 400 california gulls (larus californicus) and ring-billed gulls (larvus delawarensis), primarily fledglings, died on an island in lake sakakawea near new town, north dakota (usa). mortality was attributed largely to chlamydiosis. necropsy findings in nine carcasses included splenomegaly (n = 9), hepatomegaly (n = 4), and pericarditis (n = 1). livers from three california gulls and two ring-billed gulls, and spleens from the same five birds plus a third ring-b ... | 1995 | 8592370 |
| a survey for selected viral, chlamydial, and parasitic diseases in wild dusky-headed parakeets (aratinga weddellii) and tui parakeets (brotogeris sanctithomae) in peru. | thirty-eight free-ranging dusky-headed parakeets (aratinga weddellii) and 13 tui parakeets (brotogeris sanctithomae) were caught and released in parque nacional del manu in southeastern peru from 19 july to 5 august 1993. blood and fecal samples were collected and sera were evaluated for titers to pacheco's disease herpesvirus, psittacine polyomavirus, paramyxovirus-1, and chlamydia psittaci. fecal samples were examined for evidence of ascarid or coccidial infection by fecal flotation, and blood ... | 1995 | 8592384 |
| [immunohistochemical determination of chlamydia psittaci/pecorum and c.trachomatis in the piglet gut]. | the jejunum, ileum, caecum and colon of 200 piglets were investigated immunohistochemically for the presence of chlamydia psittaci and c. trachomatis using a vitelline igy. positive samples were later labelled using a commercial c. trachomatis polyclonal antiserum. chlamydia were present in 33 (16.4%) of the animals, and 30 out of 33 were labelled by c. trachomatis polyclonal antiserum. inclusions occurred predominantly (67%) in the large intestine. the serological results (cft, elisa) did not c ... | 1995 | 8592901 |
| application of a mycoplasma group-specific pcr for monitoring decontamination of mycoplasma-infected chlamydia sp. strains. | mycoplasma contamination of biological materials remains a major problem. most contaminations are caused by the use of mycoplasma-contaminated cell lines. we adapted a mycoplasma group-specific pcr to detect mycoplasma contamination in cell lines and demonstrate its use in monitoring decontamination procedures with mycoplasma-contaminated suspensions of chlamydia spp. three different methods were investigated: the use of mycoplasma-specific antiserum in cell culture, physical separation by the c ... | 1996 | 8593037 |
| differences in the envelope proteins of chlamydia pneumoniae, chlamydia trachomatis, and chlamydia psittaci shown by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. | analysis by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of the n-laurylsarkosinate(sarkosyl)-insoluble envelope complexes of l-[35]s-cysteine-labeled elementary bodies of chlamydia pneumoniae strain iol-207, chlamydia trachomatis serovar lgv2, d, and f, and chlamydia psittaci strain 6bc showed differences in the molecular charges of chlamydial outer membrane proteins. the apparent isoelectric point (pi) of the major outer membrane protein of c. pneumoniae strain iol-207 was 6.4, whereas the pi of the ma ... | 1996 | 8599533 |
| failure to detect chlamydia pneumoniae in coronary atheromas of patients undergoing atherectomy. | to further investigate a proposed relationship between chlamydia pneumoniae and coronary heart disease, coronary atheromas were collected from patients undergoing percutaneous atherectomy. fifty-eight atheroma specimens were examined by culture and polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and 22 by electron microscopy. all were negative for c. pneumoniae, except a single specimen that was pcr-positive. these results differ from studies in other populations, in which this organism was identified by noncul ... | 1996 | 8603977 |
| epizootic bovine abortion in a dairy herd: characterization of a chlamydia psittaci isolate and antibody response. | a chlamydial agent was recovered from the placental cotyledons of an aborting cow from a 100-cow dairy herd in cumbria. immunoblotting analysis of purified elementary bodies of the isolate revealed a reactivity pattern typical of serotype i chlamydia psittaci strains. nucleotide sequencing of the major outer membrane protein (momp) gene further confirmed the isolate, ba1, as a serotype i strain. the sequence was identical to that of the type strain of ovine enzootic abortion, b577. in both the a ... | 1995 | 8605581 |
| pregnancy failure following vaginal infection of sheep with chlamydia psittaci prior to breeding. | enzootic abortion in sheep, caused by chlamydia psittaci, has been associated with pregnancy failure in most sheep-producing countries. late-term abortions or the birth of weak low-birth-weight lambs occurred following primary c. psittaci infection in pregnant ewes. however, the mode by which c. psittaci can be transmitted among sheep has not been established. the present study was designed to determine whether the vaginal tracts of nonpregnant ewes were susceptible to c. psittaci infection and ... | 1996 | 8606067 |
| ultrastructural changes in avian chlamydia psittaci serovar a-, b-, and d-infected buffalo green monkey cells. | in order to find an explanation for the observed differences in levels of pathogenicity in turkeys of chlamydia psittaci 84/55 (avian serovar a), 89/1326 (avian serovar b), 92/1293 (avian serovar d), and the texas turkey strain (avian serovar d) (p.b. wyrick, j. choong, s.t. knight, d. goyeau, e.s. stuart, and a.b. macdonald, immunol. infect. dis. 4:131-141, 1994), the reproductive cycles of organisms of the four strains were studied in buffalo green monkey cells by transmission electron microsc ... | 1996 | 8606089 |
| reactivation of chlamydia pneumoniae infection in mice by cortisone treatment. | reactivation of chlamydia pneumoniae infection was studied by inducing immunosuppression by cortisone acetate treatment given every other day for 14 days in intranasally infected nih/s mice. the treatment started 2 or 4 weeks after primary infection, when no c. pneumoniae was detected. c. pneumoniae could be recovered from the lung cultures on days 7 and 9 in 10 and 60% of the mice, respectively, when cortisone treatment was begun 30 days after infection. these results confirm the persistent nat ... | 1996 | 8606126 |
| replication of chlamydia pneumoniae in vitro in human macrophages, endothelial cells, and aortic artery smooth muscle cells. | chlamydia pneumoniae has recently been associated with atherosclerotic lesions in coronary arteries. to investigate the biological basis for the dissemination and proliferation of this organism in such lesions, the in vitro growth of c. pneumoniae was studied in two macrophage cell lines, peripheral blood monocyte-derived macrophages, human bronchoalveolar lavage macrophages, several endothelial cell lines, and aortic smooth muscle cells. five strains of c. pneumoniae were capable of three passa ... | 1996 | 8613369 |
| c reactive protein and its relation to cardiovascular risk factors: a population based cross sectional study. | to test the hypothesis that minor chronic insults such as smoking, chronic bronchitis, and two persistent bacterial infections may be associated with increases in c reactive protein concentration within the normal range and that variations in the c reactive protein concentration in turn may be associated with levels of cardiovascular risk factors and chronic coronary heart disease. | 1996 | 8616412 |
| evaluation of a direct fluorescent antibody assay for detection of chlamydia pneumoniae. | we examined the utility of the direct immunofluorescent antibody test kit, imagen (dako diagnostic co., ltd.). the stainability of inclusions and purified elementary bodies (ebs) of all the chlamydia pneumoniae strains used in this study was highly specific. immunoelectron microscopy and light microscopy of stained ebs revealed the target antigen of imagen to be located on the surface of the eb outer membrane. in a clinical study, we tested oropharyngeal swab specimens obtained from 41 patients ... | 1996 | 8621963 |
| chlamydia pneumoniae infection in thai children: serological diagnosis. | recent chlamydia pneumoniae infections were investigated in children with respiratory tract infections and in normal children. four groups of sera were tested for c. pneumoniae antibody igg and igm serum fraction by the method of mif test. a total of 7 cases of recent infection were detected, 3 of 116 with pneumonia, 3 of 123 with other respiratory tract infections, 1 of 263 normal school children and none in sera from cord blood. the cases with recent c. pneumoniae infection were as young as 24 ... | 1995 | 8629071 |
| chlamydia linked to atherosclerosis. | | 1996 | 8633229 |
| epidemiology and control of acute respiratory diseases with emphasis on group a beta-hemolytic streptococcus: a decade of u.s. army experience. | to summarize the experiences of the u.s. army regarding prevention and control, and frequencies, rates, trends, and determinants of febrile acute respiratory diseases (ards), particularly group a beta-hemolytic streptococcus (gabhs). | 1996 | 8637783 |
| chronic infection and asthma. | | 1996 | 8642373 |
| [familial occurrence of chlamydia pneumoniae infection]. | the clinical courses of six patients involved in a family outbreak of chlamydia pneumoniae respiratory tract infection are described. the diagnosis was established by use of culture, polymerase chain reaction and determination of species specific antibodies. the patients had mild influenza-like symptoms with sore throat, occluded eustachian tubes and long-lasting cough. all patients received recommended antibiotic treatment regimens. two out of the six patients needed further antibiotic treatmen ... | 1996 | 8644428 |
| pathology of bovine abortion and newborn calf death caused by dual infection with chlamydia psittaci and infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus. | nine aborted fetuses and one newborn calf, diagnosed as chlamydia psittaci (c. psittaci) infection, were pathologically examined. the characteristic lesions in the liver were focal necrosis in 9 aborted fetuses and granulomatous necrotic foci in the newborn calf. moderate numbers of intranuclear inclusion bodies were found in necrotic foci of the liver, spleen, thymus, lymph nodes, adrenal gland, kidney, lung and forestomach. immunohistologically, a small number of c. psittaci antigens was demon ... | 1996 | 8645759 |
| chlamydia pneumoniae and atherosclerotic plaque. | | 1996 | 8648234 |
| detection and widespread distribution of chlamydia pneumoniae in the vascular system and its possible implications. | to attempt to detect chlamydia pneumoniae dna in atheromatous vascular tissue. | 1996 | 8655672 |
| chlamydia pneumoniae (twar). | chlamydia pneumoniae (twar) is a recently recognized third species of the genus chlamydia that causes acute respiratory disease. it is distinct from the other two chlamydial species that infect humans, c. trachomatis and c. psittaci, in elementary body morphology and shares less than 10% of the dna homology with those species. the organism has a global distribution, with infection most common among children between the ages of 5 and 14 years. in children, twar infection is usually mild or asympt ... | 1995 | 8665464 |
| chlamydia pneumoniae antibodies in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. | the significance of persistent or recurrent respiratory infections in adult life for the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) is still to a large extent unknown. a few clinical and experimental animal studies suggest that peripheral airways diseases may be due to the cumulative effects of recurrent respiratory infections over an extended period. | 1996 | 8671570 |
| [unilateral pulmonary edema in an infant]. | | 1995 | 8681845 |
| immune response to chlamydia trachomatis heat-shock protein in infertile female patients and influence of chlamydia pneumoniae antibodies. | a total of 446 sera from 245 patients with primary or secondary infertility, all of whom were examined laparoscopically, 117 patients with chlamydia trachomatis-positive cervical swabs, and 84 control persons (50 obstetric patients and 34 female blood donors) were tested for antibodies to chlamydia trachomatis and to chlamydia pneumoniae with the microimmunofluorescence (mif) test. mif test antibody rates were highest in patients with complete tubal occlusion (73%) and in patients with proven ch ... | 1995 | 8681981 |
| [atypical pneumonias]. | | 1996 | 8689016 |
| [a family outbreak of chlamydia psittaci infection]. | a family outbreak (3 cases) of chlamydia psittaci infection was reported. the first case, a 56-year-old man was admitted with fever and general fatigue. chest x-ray film revealed a consolidation in the right lower lung. one month before admission he had purchased 2 parakeets (chick) and one parakeet died. on learning of his history of contact with the chick, psittacosis was suspected. after administration of fixation (cf) antibody titer against chlamydia rose to 1:128 and iga titer against chlam ... | 1996 | 8690954 |
| chlamydia pneumoniae (twar) infection in tanzanian children. | | 1996 | 8693557 |
| [chlamydia pneumoniae infection associated with autoimmune hemolytic anemia due to warm antibodies]. | chlamydia pneumoniae has often been implicated in respiratory tract infections concomitant with other pathogens. although this agent has also been associated with other nonrespiratory diseases, to our knowledge it has never been described with autoimmune hemolytic anemia. we present a case of pneumonia in which c. pneumoniae was found in association with another important respiratory pathogen, legionella, and with hemolytic autoimmune igg to warm antibodies, an entity that has not been reported ... | 1996 | 8696650 |
| chlamydia pneumoniae pneumonia in hospitalized patients. clinical characteristics and diagnostic value of polymerase chain reaction detection in bal. | to evaluate the incidence and clinical characteristics of chlamydia pneumoniae infection as detected by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and culture of bal in hospitalized patients with pneumonia, hiv-infected persons, and control subjects. | 1996 | 8697832 |
| chlamydia in coronary plaques--hidden culprit or harmless hobo? | | 1996 | 8705849 |
| experimental chlamydia psittaci infection of japanese quail. | japanese quail were used for the infection model of avian chlamydiosis. one-day-old japanese quail were highly susceptible to lethal infection by a chlamydia psittaci strain of budgerigar origin upon inoculation via the air sac route with 10(4.1) ffu of the organism, showing an acute and lethal course with chlamydial propagation. in contrast, 7-day-old quail developed resistance to the infection as shown by the lack of lethal effect with the same dose. the resistance of 7-day-old birds was aboli ... | 1996 | 8709861 |
| multiple pathogens in adult patients admitted with community-acquired pneumonia: a one year prospective study of 346 consecutive patients. | the purpose of this study was to assess the causes of community-acquired pneumonia in adult patients admitted to hospital. | 1996 | 8711652 |
| clinical picture of community-acquired chlamydia pneumoniae pneumonia requiring hospital treatment: a comparison between chlamydial and pneumococcal pneumonia. | the importance of chlamydia pneumoniae as a cause of pneumonia has remained controversial. the clinical picture of c pneumoniae and streptococcus pneumoniae in patients admitted to hospital with community-acquired pneumonia was compared during a c pneumoniae epidemic in finland. | 1996 | 8711653 |
| a reverse transcriptase-pcr based assay for in-vitro antibiotic susceptibility testing of chlamydia pneumoniae. | infections caused by chlamydia spp are an important cause of human disease, and the accuracy and reproducibility of antimicrobial susceptibility tests for these bacteria could have considerable clinical implications. we have developed a reverse transcriptase pcr (rt-pcr) based method to determine the antibiotic susceptibility of chlamydia spp., and compared this with conventional tests using immunofluoresence (if) staining. the mics of antimicrobial agents for a test strain of chlamydia pneumoni ... | 1996 | 8722533 |
| chlamydia pneumoniae infection in patients with cystic fibrosis. | the prevalence of atypical community-acquired infections as acute pulmonary exacerbations in patients with cystic fibrosis was prospectively studied. thirty-two patients admitted to the hospital because of acute pulmonary exacerbations and 24 clinically stable patients seen for their routine visits were examined. the prevalence of infection with chlamydia pneumoniae was assessed by culture and serology, and the presence of ige to c. pneumoniae was studied by immunoblotting. a subgroup of patient ... | 1996 | 8722938 |
| serological diagnosis of ovine enzootic abortion by comparative inclusion immunofluorescence assay, recombinant lipopolysaccharide enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and complement fixation test. | since the 1950s, serological diagnosis of ovine enzootic abortion (oea), caused by strains of chlamydia psittaci, has been based mainly on the complement fixation test (cft), which is neither particularly sensitive nor specific since antibodies to other chlamydial and enterobacterial pathogens may be detected. in this study. a recombinant enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (relisa) (medac, hamburg, germany), based on a unique chlamydial genus-specific epitope of chlamydia trachomatis l2 lipopolys ... | 1996 | 8735108 |
| association of chlamydia pneumoniae and acute coronary heart disease events in non-insulin dependent diabetic and non-diabetic subjects in finland. | it has been suggested that chlamydia pneumoniae, a gram-negative intracellular bacterium, is a risk factor for both myocardial infarction and chronic coronary heart disease. previous studies have been done predominantly in non-diabetic subjects and thus the effect of diabetes on the association between c. pneumoniae antibodies and coronary heart disease has not been analysed. the aim of our study was to investigate the association between prior chlamydial infection and the risk of serious corona ... | 1996 | 8737098 |
| chlamydia pneumoniae associated with central nervous system infections. | we identified 15 patients with serological evidence of current chlamydia pneumoniae infection when we studied 263 patients with central nervous system infections among an adult population of 3 million in 1993. in 9 of the 15 patients no other associated or etiological agents were found. one patient died. sequelae appeared in 7 patients. in neurological infections, c. pneumoniae may be more prevalent as an associated agent than appreciated, and adequate antibiotic therapy may be life-saving. | 1996 | 8738947 |
| chlamydia pneumoniae community-acquired pneumonia: a review of 62 hospitalized adult patients. | in a prospective study, chlamydia pneumoniae was identified as the etiological agent in 62 (17.9%) of 346 adult patients hospitalized over the course of one year for community-acquired pneumonia at the soroka medical center in beer-sheva, israel. the diagnosis of c. pneumoniae infection was based on serological testing of antibodies by the mif technique. in 43 of these patients (69.4%), at least one other etiological agent, in addition to c. pneumoniae for community-acquired pneumonia was identi ... | 1996 | 8740101 |
| molecular cloning, sequence analysis, and functional characterization of the lipopolysaccharide biosynthetic gene kdta encoding 3-deoxy-alpha-d-manno-octulosonic acid transferase of chlamydia pneumoniae strain tw-183. | the gene kdta of chlamydia pneumoniae strain tw-183, encoding the enzyme 3-deoxy-alpha-d-manno-octulosonic acid (kdo) transferase of lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis, was cloned and sequenced. a single open reading frame of 1314 bp was identified, the deduced amino acid sequence of which revealed 69% similarity and 43% identity with kdta of chlamydia trachomatis and chlamydia psittaci. the gene was expressed in the gram-positive host corynebacterium glutamicum and the primary gene product was cha ... | 1995 | 8748024 |
| chlamydia psittaci in turkeys: pathogenesis of infections in avian serovars a, b and d. | at 7 days of age, 4 groups, each of twenty specific pathogen free turkeys kept in isolation units were inoculated by aerosol with the texas turkey strain (avian chlamydia psittaci serovar d), strain 92/1293 (avian chlamydia psittaci serovar d), strain 84/55 (avian chlamydia psittaci serovar a) or strain 89/1326 (avian chlamydia psittaci serovar b). a fifth group of 4 specific pathogen free turkeys were sham inoculated controls. at daily intervals for 10 days and then twice weekly up to 34 days p ... | 1995 | 8748540 |
| diagnosis of ornithosis by cell culture and polymerase chain reaction in a patient with chronic pneumonia. | we report the case of a woman who had pneumonia due to chlamydia psittaci. a chlamydia species was determined to be the causative agent of the pneumonia because it was isolated from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, because it could be detected in lung biopsy specimens by the direct immunofluorescence technique, and because chlamydia-specific antibodies could be detected by elisa and microimmunofluorescence. the infectious agent could not be identified at the species level with use of serological te ... | 1995 | 8749643 |
| pneumonia due to chlamydia pneumoniae: prevalence, clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment. | the association of chlamydia pneumoniae with pneumonia was first reported in 1985. this review summarizes the data collected during the subsequent 10 years on the prevalence, clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment of this disease, which is now associated with approximately 10% of all cases of pneumonia worldwide. primary infections are documented most often in schoolchildren and young adults, while reinfections are prominent among the elderly. c. pneumoniae pneumonia is difficult to diagnos ... | 1995 | 8749673 |
| the late chlamydial inclusion membrane is not derived from the endocytic pathway and is relatively deficient in host proteins. | chlamydiae are obligate intracellular parasites which multiply within infected cells in a membrane-bound structure termed an inclusion. newly internalized bacteria are surrounded by host plasma membrane; however, the source of membrane for the expansion of the inclusion is unknown. to determine if the membrane for the mature inclusion was derived by fusion with cellular organelles, we stained infected cells with fluorescent or electron-dense markers specific for organelles and examined inclusion ... | 1996 | 8751921 |
| murine granulated metrial gland cells are susceptible to chlamydia psittaci infection in vivo. | granulated metrial gland (gmg) cells are the most numerous lymphoid cells in the uteroplacental unit in rodent pregnancy. in an experimental murine model of abortion-causing infection, we have studied the responses of gmg cells to chlamydia psittaci. chlamydial inclusions have been found within gmg cells, both in apparently healthy cells and in cells with degenerative changes. establishing the existence of gmg cells infected by c. psittaci opens a new and interesting chapter in the study of thes ... | 1996 | 8751945 |
| characterization of the murine antibody response to peptides representing the variable domains of the major outer membrane protein of chlamydia pneumoniae. | in an attempt to gain more knowledge about the immunogenicity of the variable domains (vds) of the major outer membrane protein (momp) of chlamydia pneumoniae, peptides representing these areas were used to immunize balb/c and c57bl/6 mice. antisera to the peptides and to peptides conjugated to keyhole limpet hemocyanin (klh) were characterized by their ability to recognize the immunizing peptide and elementary bodies (ebs) of c. pneumoniae by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and wester ... | 1996 | 8757875 |
| [clinical manifestations of chlamydia pneumoniae infections]. | | 1996 | 8760681 |
| chlamydia pneumoniae and atherosclerosis. | | 1996 | 8760682 |
| relation of c reactive protein to cardiovascular risk factors. h pylori and c pneumoniae infections may account for most acute coronary syndromes. | | 1996 | 8761257 |
| pathogenesis of chlamydia psittaci infection in sheep: detection of the organism in a serial study of the lymph node. | sixteen sheep were inoculated subcutaneously over the left prefemoral lymph node with an abortifacient strain of chlamydia psittaci. groups of four animals were killed after 3, 6, 12 and 18 days. four of eight sheep which received a control inoculum were killed on day 6 and four on day 18. the left and right prefemoral lymph nodes were removed and weighed and portions taken from each for examination by the polymerase chain reaction (pcr), by culture, and by histopathological and immunohistochemi ... | 1996 | 8762580 |
| sudden cardiac death in young athletes: orienteering on chlamydia pneumoniae? | | 1996 | 8781814 |
| an increase in sudden unexpected cardiac deaths among young swedish orienteers during 1979-1992. | background: sixteen cases of sudden unexpected cardiac death, 15 males and one female, are known to have occurred among young swedish orienteers from 1979 to 1992, of which seven cases occurred between 1989 and 1992. this is considered to be indicative of an increased death rate. results: histopathological evaluation showed myocarditis in a higher than expected proportion of cases. in one such case, which we studied before the sudden unexpected death occurred, the victim had suffered a chlamydia ... | 1996 | 8781830 |
| chlamydia pneumoniae as a cause of community-acquired pneumonia in hospitalized patients in berlin. | the incidence of community-acquired pneumonia due to chlamydia pneumoniae was evaluated in a 1-year prospective study of 236 hospitalized patients with 237 manifestations of pneumonia. the microbiological diagnosis was based on results of cultures of blood and sputum or bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and results of complement fixation tests and indirect immunofluorescence of acute- and convalescent-phase sera for c. pneumoniae, mycoplasma pneumoniae, legionella species, coxiella burnetii, and resp ... | 1996 | 8783693 |
| lymphocyte subset counts during the course of community-acquired pneumonia: evolution according to age, human immunodeficiency virus status, and etiologic microorganisms. | we investigated the evolution of lymphocyte subsets in blood samples from 94 consecutive patients with community-acquired pneumonia; these samples were obtained 72 hours after hospitalization and at follow-up, when the patients were considered to be cured. acute-phase lymphocyte counts, as compared with follow-up counts, were decreased in the overall population (p < .0001); however, the percentage of cd4+ t cells remained unchanged during the course of pneumonia in each patient. these changes th ... | 1996 | 8783719 |
| detection of chlamydia psittaci in enteric subclinical infections in adult sheep, through cell culture isolation. | ovine chlamydiasis is a well known disease in countries with a good practice of breeding sheep herds, not so in mexico. aiming to determine chlamydia psittaci presence in sheep herds in mexico, we sampled 10 different farmlands in 5 geographical zones on the highlands, gathering a total of 267 viable samples from adult ewes in spg (92 of them were obtained in a second sampling carried out in five randomly chosen farms). samples were treated and inoculated on l-929 cells grown in iscove's supplem ... | 1996 | 8783901 |
| in vitro activities of azithromycin, clarithromycin, erythromycin, and tetracycline against 13 strains of chlamydia pneumoniae. | thirteen strains of chlamydia pneumoniae were evaluated for their in vitro susceptibilities to azithromycin, clarithromycin, erythromycin, and tetracycline. the mic ranges were 0.125 to 0.5 micrograms/ml for azithromycin, 0.031 to 1.0 micrograms/ml for clarithromycin, 0.125 to 1.0 micrograms/ml for erythromycin, and 0.25 to 1.0 micrograms/ml for tetracycline. the ranges for the minimal lethal concentrations were 0.125 to 0.5 micrograms/ml for azithromycin, 0.031 to 1.0 micrograms/ml for clarithr ... | 1996 | 8787907 |
| roentgenographic findings of pneumonia caused by chlamydia pneumoniae. a comparison with streptococcus pneumonia. | pneumonia caused by chlamydia pneumoniae or streptococcus pneumoniae cannot be reliably differentiated by clinical signs or symptoms. | 1996 | 8790080 |
| comparison of procedures to detect chlamydia psittaci antibodies in cockatiels (nymphicus hollandicus). | diagnostic serologic procedures for psittacine chlamydiosis were evaluated using experimentally inoculated cockatiels (nymphicus hollandicus). chlamydia psittaci was recovered from subjects on day 16 postinoculation. seroconversion was confirmed by the direct complement fixation (dcf) test. the blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was demonstrated to be the most sensitive of three serodiagnostic procedures evaluated from inoculation until day 24 postinfection, with 92% sensitivity and 73% ... | 1996 | 8790873 |
| respiratory infections: community-acquired pneumonia and newer microbes. | respiratory infections, especially community-acquired forms of pneumonia (cap), are challenging for clinicians because (1) a causative microorganism can only be found in about 50% of cases; (2) initial therapy, therefore, must be based on a probable or most likely etiology in the context of the patient's overall medical condition; and (3) new microbes or those considered previously as normal flora or less virulent forms seem responsible for some cases. it is important to be acquainted with new c ... | 1996 | 8791258 |
| chlamydia pneumoniae. new diagnostic tools for detection of a common pathogen. | | 1996 | 8797397 |
| domiciliary outbreak of psittacosis in dogs: potential for zoonotic infection. | | 1996 | 8807786 |
| detection of serum antibodies against chlamydia pneumoniae by elisa. | chlamydia pneumoniae causes pneumonia and other respiratory infections in children, adolescents and adults. we tried to evaluate the diagnostic value of detection of serum antibodies by elisa for c. pneumoniae infections in japanese children. serum igg, iga and igm antibodies to c. pneumoniae were determined by the microimmunofluorescence (mif) test. serum igg and iga antibodies were also determined by elisa test kits. results obtained by elisa were compared with those obtained by mif test. igg ... | 1996 | 8809554 |
| identification of a multigene family coding for the 90 kda proteins of the ovine abortion subtype of chlamydia psittaci. | while attempting to identify genes and their corresponding antigens that could be used to improve the current methods of diagnosing chlamydia psittaci infection which causes enzootic abortion in ewes, two candidate clones were isolated from a lambda gt 11 genomic dna expression library of ovine abortion subtype (strain s26/3) c. psittaci. these clones contained fragments of a gene coding for a group of three chlamydial proteins of approximately 90 kda which appeared as major immunogens by immuno ... | 1996 | 8810511 |
| community-acquired pneumonia in a cohort of former injection drug users with and without human immunodeficiency virus infection: incidence, etiologies, and clinical aspects. | although the association among bacterial pneumonia, human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection, and injection-drug use seems to have been well established, accurate estimates of the risk of community-acquired pneumonia among hiv-positive and hiv-negative injection-drug users (idus) are still needed. to estimate the incidence of pneumonia in a community of former idus, we followed 4,236 persons between 1991 and 1994; 1,114 (26.3%) were hiv-positive and 3,122 (73.7%) were hiv-negative. all patie ... | 1996 | 8816138 |
| [an adult case of pneumonia due to mycoplasma pneumoniae and chlamydia psittaci]. | a 18-year-old male was admitted to another hospital complaining of his chest x-ray. after transfer to our hospital, increased serum antibody titers to simultaneous m. pneumoniae and c. psittaci were noted. these antibody titers decreased after about four months. positive results for m. pneumoniae was obtained by polymerase chain reaction in the right pleural effusion. based on these findings, this case was diagnosed as m. pneumoniae and c. psittaci pneumonia. a transbronchial lung biopsy and a b ... | 1996 | 8822057 |
| detection of serum antibodies against chlamydia pneumoniae by in vitro neutralization and microimmunofluorescence assays. | antibodies to chlamydia pneumoniae (iol-207) were studied by the microimmunofluorescence (mif) assay and in vitro neutralization in serum samples from 230 healthy adults and 332 patients at risk of c. pneumoniae infection. in the mif test, the prevalence of immunoglobulin g (igg) antibody was 53.9% among healthy subjects and 40.7% in the patients. an mif antibody titre of > or = 1 : 512, consistent with acute infection by c. pneumoniae was documented in 23 out of 332 patients, and in none of the ... | 1996 | 8837368 |
| two cases of lower respiratory tract infection due to chlamydia pneumonia in singapore. | chlamydia pneumoniae, previously known as chlamydia psittaci strain twar, causes both upper and lower respiratory tract infection. we report the first two cases of culture-positive chlamydia pneumoniae lower respiratory infection in singapore. both patients had underlying fibrosing alveolitis and presented with a history of prolonged productive cough and fever. chlamydia pneumoniae was isolated from the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in the absence of other pathogens. the patients responded clinic ... | 1995 | 8838997 |
| detection of chlamydia pneumoniae in atheroma specimens. | | 1996 | 8843240 |
| in vitro activities of azithromycin and doxycycline against 15 isolates of chlamydia pneumoniae. | fourteen isolates of chlamydia pneumoniae, 12 from clinically ill patients and 2 from subjectively healthy individuals from an area within a 400-km proximity of gävle, sweden, and strain iol-207, originally from the eye of an iranian child, were tested for susceptibilities to the antibiotics doxycycline and azithromycin. mics and minimum chlamydiacidal concentrations were found to correlate well with values reported earlier by other investigators. in addition to mic and minimum chlamydiacidal co ... | 1996 | 8843291 |
| chlamydia trachomatis as a possible cofactor for kaposi's sarcoma in aids. | aids-associated kaposi's sarcoma (ks) is much more frequent in patients acquiring hiv infection via the sexual route. epidemiological studies have confirmed the likely involvement of a sexually acquired cofactor in the pathogenesis of this form of ks. we have formulated a set of postulates, epidemiological and experimental, to fit a single unifying hypothetical agent. chlamydia trachomatis is one of 3 agents to fit the epidemiological criteria. our data suggest a possible association between inc ... | 1995 | 8845400 |
| [cough, fever and exanthema]. | we report on a 29-year-old female patient who developed a dolent nodular exanthema on both lower legs after a prolonged respiratory infection of about 14 days. the chest x-ray showed a distinct enlargement of the left hilus and reduced transparency in the left upper pulmonary lobe. these findings were interpreted as pneumonia with para-infectious erythema nodosum. the serology showed igm antibodies against chlamydia pneumoniae. therapy with a macrolide antibiotic led to a rapidly improved genera ... | 1996 | 8848662 |
| development of a simplified polymerase chain reaction-enzyme immunoassay for the detection of chlamydia pneumoniae. | the 16s rrna genes of two chlamydia pneumoniae and two c. psittaci strains of different serovars were sequenced then compared to previously reported chlamydia 16s rrna gene sequences. chlamydia pneumoniae-specific regions were identified and specific primers for nested pcr were synthesized. nested pcr reactions were performed, in a single tube, by varying the annealing temperature of the amplification cycles. the initial thermal cycles were selected to allow annealing and extension of only the o ... | 1996 | 8849645 |
| psittacosis associated with bilateral 4th cranial nerve palsies. | we report a 55-year-old man who presented with a moderately severe community acquired pneumonia due to chlamydia psittaci, probably acquired from budgerigars. one of his presenting symptoms was diplopia, secondary to bilateral 4th cranial nerve palsies, which persisted for some months. the literature on neurological complications of pneumonia is reviewed. | 1996 | 8852553 |
| persistent chlamydia pneumoniae infection in a swedish family. | chlamydia pneumoniae, an etiological agent for respiratory tract infection, was found as a cause of persistent infection in a family group. during the observation period of 2 1/2 years, serology and polymerase chain reaction for c. pneumoniae demonstrated a failure to eradicate the organism, despite several prolonged courses of antibiotics known to be effective against chlamydia species. | 1996 | 8863360 |
| psittacosis pneumonia: a case report and review of the literature. | a case of acute, severe pneumonia with respiratory insufficiency due to chlamydia psittaci is described. rapid improvement with tetracycline therapy in all symptoms and arterial blood gases is demonstrated. the diagnosis of psittacosis was secured by both cultivation and serological verification. a comprehensive review of the literature is appended. the present report attests to the need for inclusion of c. psittaci as a possible aetiologic agent causing fulminating community-acquired pneumonia. | 1996 | 8867404 |
| chlamydial infection in a population of ethiopian women attending obstetric, gynaecological and mother and child health clinics. | the prevalence of chlamydial infection was assessed in 1,846 ethiopian women attending clinics in addis ababa. sera were tested for type-specific anti-chlamydial antibodies using purified chlamydial antigens (c. trachomatis a-c (cta-c), c. trachomatis d-k (ctd-k), lymphogranuloma venereum (lgvi-3), and c. pneumoniae (cpn), in a micro-immunofluorescence (micro-if) test. three levels of chlamydial infection were established. sera with: 1) antibodies to cta-c, ctd-k, lgv 1-3 and cpn singly or in co ... | 1996 | 8868379 |
| diversity among abortion strains of chlamydia psittaci demonstrated by inclusion morphology, polypeptide profiles and monoclonal antibodies. | twenty eight c. psittaci abortion strains had been previously classified in to 4 immunologically distinct groups on the basis of cross-protection experiments in a mouse model. to identify the molecular basis of their immunological divergence 4 representative strains were investigated by cellular, molecular and immunological techniques. an identical pattern was obtained by alul digestion of the amplified major outer membrane protein gene (momp) by the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) of the 4 stra ... | 1996 | 8870190 |
| polymerase chain reaction for the detection of chlamydia psittaci in the feces of budgerigars. | the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) targeting the ompa gene of chlamydia psittaci was evaluated for its ability to detect chlamydiae in fecal specimens of budgerigars as compared with isolation procedures using cell culture and embryonated egg inoculations. several procedures for pcr template dna preparation were compared so as to determine their detection levels for chlamydiae propagated in cell culture in the presence of fecal materials. tween-20 and proteinase k treatments followed by centrif ... | 1996 | 8871524 |
| a new primer pair for detection of chlamydia pneumoniae by polymerase chain reaction. | in order to improve the detection and identification of chlamydia pneumoniae, new primers for polymerase chain reaction (pcr) were designed based on the dna base sequence within the 53-kda protein gene, which is specific for c. pneumoniae. the primers permitted the identification of 24 c. pneumoniae strains collected from different geographical locations, but no reaction was observed with c. trachomatis, c. psittaci nor c. pecorum. the primers were unable to amplify the dna of bacteria commonly ... | 1996 | 8871525 |
| prospective study of epidemiology and prognostic factors in community-acquired pneumonia. | of 342 patients with community-acquired pneumonia, 100 were diagnosed etiologically. in these patients, disease epidemiology, prognostic factors, and influence of antibiotic treatment were analyzed prospectively. fifty-two patients were treated with a broad-spectrum antibiotic (ceftriaxone), and 48 received a medium-spectrum antibiotic (cefuroxime); some patients in each group also received erythromycin. streptococcus pneumoniae was the most frequently isolated microorganism (43%), followed by c ... | 1996 | 8874072 |
| presence of chlamydia pneumoniae strain twar in bronchial secretions collected from hiv-positive and negative patients: preliminary data. | | 1996 | 8874642 |
| growth of chlamydia pneumoniae in cultured human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and induction of a cytokine response. | in vitro infection of freshly isolated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (hpbmc) with chlamydia pneumoniae was found to induce a production of tumour necrosis factor alpha (tnf-alpha), interleukin-1 beta (il-1 beta), interleukin-6 (il-6) and interferon alpha (ifn-alpha). the secretion was dependent on the amount of infecting chlamydiae and most of it occurred during the first 12 to 24 h. lipopolysaccharide (lps) of salmonella minnesota rechemotype, used as a positive control for hpbmc act ... | 1996 | 8878018 |
| effect of hydrocortisone succinate on growth of chlamydia pneumoniae in vitro. | we examined the effect of hydrocortisone succinate on the growth of three isolates of chlamydia pneumoniae in vitro. there was a significant increase in the number of inclusions seen in two of the c. pneumoniae strains in the presence of hydrocortisone. there was no significant increase in the number of inclusions with various concentrations of hydrocortisone over time. the addition of hydrocortisone did not affect the in vitro activities of azithromycin, erythromycin, and doxycycline against c. ... | 1996 | 8880483 |
| continuous isolation and characterization of chlamydia pneumoniae from a patient with diffuse panbronchiolitis. | we succeeded in isolating chlamydia pneumoniae organisms continuously from a 70-year-old man who had received chemotherapeutic treatment with low dosages of erythromycin for five years to improve diffuse panbronchiolitis (dpb). he had two episodes of acute exacerbation of dpb and a total of six strains of c. pneumoniae were isolated at different stages during the past 13 months. the morphological properties and protein profiles of the elementary bodies of all the c. pneumoniae isolates were simi ... | 1996 | 8887348 |
| viral and atypical pneumonias. | acute respiratory infections are the most common illnesses in the pediatric age group. although pneumonia accounts for only 10% to 15% of all respiratory infections, it causes significant morbidity and mortality among children. even in the age of multigenerational antibiotics and ever-emerging antiviral agents the recognition, differentiation, and treatment of pneumonia in the pediatric age group continues to be a challenge. the focus of this article is limited to viral and atypical pneumonias. ... | 1996 | 8890147 |
| growth of chlamydia pneumoniae induces cytokine production and expression of cd14 in a human monocytic cell line. | chlamydia pneumoniae was able to survive and to multiply in the human monocytic cell line mono mac 6. growth of c. pneumoniae induced production of tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin 1beta, and interleukin 6, as well as up-regulation of the cd14 molecule in a time-dependent manner. infection of monocytic cells and a proinflammatory cytokine response may be important in c. pneumoniae pathogenesis. | 1996 | 8890256 |
| egg transmission of chlamydia psittaci in turkeys. | | 1996 | 8890470 |
| [assay of specific anti-chlamydia pneumoniae antibodies by elisa method. 1. evaluation of elisa kit using outer membrane complex]. | studies were conducted with the goal of developing a kit for assaying anti-chlamydia pneumoniae antibodies in human serum which would enable judging positive cases with high specificity by means of an objective numerical index. thus, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) method employing a c. pneumoniae outer membrane complex protein was established. elementary bodies (eb) were purified from the yk-41 strain of c. pneumoniae, and subsequent treatment with sarkosyl, dnase and rnase yielded ... | 1996 | 8890550 |
| [assay of specific anti-chlamydia pneumoniae antibodies by elisa method. 2. studies on clinical usefulness and serological diagnostic standards]. | we measured anti-chlamydia pneumoniae (c. pneumoniae) specific antibody titers by means of a newly-developed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) method using an anti-c. pneumoniae specific antibody detection reagent. the clinical usefulness of this method was hereby evaluated. the igg, iga and igm titers in 418 serum specimens obtained from patients with respiratory tract infections were measured by this new elisa method, and the results were compared with the titers determined for the sam ... | 1996 | 8890551 |
| detection of chlamydia pneumoniae but not helicobacter pylori in atherosclerotic plaques of aortic aneurysms. | recent reports suggest an association between chlamydia pneumoniae and helicobacter pylori bacteria and atherosclerosis. we studied 51 patients (mean age, 68.3 years) who underwent abdominal aortic aneurysm surgery. for each patient we performed a microimmunofluorescence test for immunoglobulin g (igg), iga, and igm antibodies to c. pneumoniae specific antigen (tw-183). anti-h. pylori antibodies were determined by means of an eia-g test. each aortic aneurysm surgical specimen was sampled into mu ... | 1996 | 8897180 |
| emerging pathogens of community-acquired pneumonia: a two-year prospective study. | | 1995 | 8904127 |
| chlamydia pneumoniae pneumonia: role of new macrolides. | | 1995 | 8904128 |
| in vitro activities of azithromycin, clarithromycin, and other antibiotics against chlamydia pneumoniae. | the in vitro susceptibilities of chlamydia pneumoniae isolates to macrolide, tetracycline, and quinolone antibiotics were determined. tetracycline, clarithromycin, and erythromycin had the lowest mics in the first cell culture passage. azithromycin required the lowest concentration for complete inhibition of inclusion formation on the second pass into antibiotic-free medium, likely reflecting its high intracellular concentrations. | 1996 | 8913488 |
| limits of the microimmunofluorescence test and advantages of immunoblotting in the diagnosis of chlamydiosis. | the western blot (immunoblot) patterns of 56 serum specimens, all examined previously by the microimmunofluorescence (mif) test for species-specific chlamydia antibodies, were analyzed. predominant specific-antibody activity was directed to the 170-, 155-, 145-, 120-, 115-, 100-, 57-, and 38-kda proteins of chlamydia trachomatis and to the 175-, 130-, 110-, 98-, and 30-kda proteins of chlamydia pneumoniae. all of these antigens appeared to be species specific. the reactivity with 90-, 80-, 75-, ... | 1996 | 8914762 |
| sequence analysis of the omp2 region of chlamydia psittaci strain gpic: structural and functional implications. | the nucleotide sequence of a 3.1-kb genomic dna fragment carrying the omp3, omp2 and srp gene homologs from chlamydia psittaci strain gpic was determined. a comparative analysis of the gpic sequence with other chlamydial omp2-linked sequences reveals highly conserved omp3 and omp2 upstream sequences across species, suggesting a unified mechanism of transcription regulation. in contrast, the omp2-srp intergenic segment, which encompasses hypothetical srp transcriptional initiation sites, is relat ... | 1996 | 8918247 |
| homologs of escherichia coli recj, gltx and of a putative 'early' gene of avian chlamydia psittaci are located upstream of the 'late' omp2 locus of chlamydia psittaci strain guinea pig inclusion conjunctivitis. | the nucleotide sequence of nearly 6 kb of genomic dna located immediately upstream of the omp3-omp2 operon of chlamydia psittaci strain gpic was obtained, revealing four significant open reading frames (orfs), named orf1, orf2, orf4 and orf5. searches for homologous sequences in the genbank/embl databases have revealed that: (a) the open-ended orf1 putatively encodes an homolog of recj of escherichia coli, thought to be required for recbcd-independent and conjugational recombination, and for uv ... | 1996 | 8918248 |
| chlamydia psittaci: prevailing problems in pathogenesis. | | 1995 | 8920109 |