| acute benign myositis during childhood: report of five cases. | | 1995 | 7756508 |
| inhibition by kappa-casein glycomacropeptide and lactoferrin of influenza virus hemagglutination. | | 1993 | 7763995 |
| serological studies of influenza viruses in pigs in great britain 1991-2. | samples from a sow serum bank representative of the pig population of great britain collected during 1991-2, were examined for antibodies to influenza a, b and c viruses, using viruses which had been isolated from a variety of hosts. for influenza a viruses there was evidence of the continued circulation of classical swine h1n1 virus (26%) seroprevalence), and human h3n2 viruses (39%) which are antigenically most closely-related to a/port chalmers/1/73 virus. in addition antibodies were detected ... | 1995 | 7781739 |
| human influenza virus recognition of sialyloligosaccharides. | sialic acids are essential components of cell-surface receptors utilized by influenza viruses. to evaluate the recognition of asialic sugar parts of the receptor, three representative strains of human influenza a and b viruses were tested for their binding of a panel of sialyloligosaccharides. the highest affinity binding carbohydrate determinants recognized by the viruses in a context of different core structures were neu5ac alpha 2-3gal for the type b virus, neu5ac alpha 2-6 gal for the h3 sub ... | 1995 | 7789517 |
| respiratory virus antibodies in adults of a norwegian community: prevalences and risk factors. | the aims were to examine prevalences as well as demographic and environmental predictors of respiratory virus antibodies in serum. | 1995 | 7797347 |
| parenteral influenza vaccination induces a rapid systemic and local immune response. | the kinetics of the local immune response in the upper respiratory tract to parenterally administered inactivated split trivalent influenza vaccine were examined in 19 healthy subjects. influenza virus-specific antibody-secreting cells (asc) could be detected as early as 2 days after vaccination in peripheral blood and tonsils, with a peak at approximately 1 week after vaccination and a decline to insignificant levels after 6 weeks. circulating asc produced igg, iga, and igm, whereas asc in tons ... | 1995 | 7798664 |
| control of influenza outbreaks in the nursing home: guidelines for diagnosis and management. | a well coordinated plan that includes a mechanism for surveillance, rapid antigen detection testing and viral culture, infection control techniques and chemoprophylaxis is effective for aborting outbreaks of influenza a in the nursing home. amantadine has been better studied in this situation, and experience with rimantadine is limited. the safety and efficacy of our dose guidelines for nursing home residents need to be studied and directly compared with rimantadine dose guidelines. except for c ... | 1995 | 7806745 |
| 1993-1994 influenza season: canadian laboratory diagnoses, strain characterization and post-season serosurvey (ontario). | in canada as a whole, influenza a/beijing/32/92-like virus was the dominant infecting strain in the 1993-1994 season with reported laboratory diagnoses peaking in january 1994. vaccination is again urged for all persons in high-risk groups. antibody induced by vaccination does not persist well from season to season and the emerging a/shangdong/9/93 (h3n2)-like variant is related to a/beijing/32/92(h3n2) but is inhibited less by antibodies to that strain. conditions are also consistent with possi ... | 1994 | 7812234 |
| influenza in canada, 1993-1994 season. | | 1994 | 7812236 |
| high doses of purified influenza a virus hemagglutinin significantly augment serum and nasal secretion antibody responses in healthy young adults. | the reactogenicity and immunogenicity of purified influenza virus hemagglutinin (ha) vaccines administered intramuscularly were evaluated in two placebo-controlled clinical trials. a total of 139 healthy young adults were randomized to receive increasing doses of monovalent influenza a/taiwan/1/86 (h1n1) virus ha (range, 0 to 405 micrograms per dose [study 1]). an additional 139 subjects were given increasing doses of a trivalent ha vaccine containing equal amounts of a/h1n1 virus, a/shanghai/16 ... | 1994 | 7814484 |
| influenza b viruses with site-specific mutations introduced into the ha gene. | we have succeeded in engineering changes into the genome of influenza b virus. first, model rnas containing the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene flanked by the noncoding sequences of the ha or ns genes of influenza b virus were transfected into cells which were previously infected with an influenza b helper virus. like those of the influenza a viruses, the termini of influenza b virus genes contain cis-acting signals which are sufficient to direct replication, expression, and packaging of ... | 1995 | 7815505 |
| surveillance of respiratory viruses. a 10-year laboratory-based study. | respiratory virus isolates made at the national institute for virology from 1982 to 1991 were studied. an active virus surveillance programme, 'viral watch', which recruits throat swab specimens from a network of monitoring centres--mainly in the witwatersrand and vereeniging area with one centre in middelburg--that represent a cross-section of the population, provided 68% of the specimens and 74% of the isolates, with an isolation rate of 25.5%. this was significantly higher than that of routin ... | 1994 | 7825079 |
| update: influenza activity--united states, 1994-95 season. | influenza activity has increased throughout the united states since late november 1994; however, the level of activity has varied widely in different parts of of the country. this report summarizes results of influenza surveillance in the united states from october 2, 1994, through january 28, 1995.(abstract truncated at 250 words) | 1995 | 7838087 |
| immune response to influenza vaccination of elderly people. a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial. | the objective of this study was to determine the immune response to influenza vaccination in elderly people, using a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. venous blood was taken from 1838 people aged 60 years and older, prior to injection with the influenza vaccine or a placebo. a second blood sample was taken three weeks later. the antibody reaction was measured by comparing the geometric mean titre and the percentage of participants who had a protective antibody titre before and ... | 1994 | 7839722 |
| inhibition of influenza virus replication in mice by gg167 (4-guanidino-2,4-dideoxy-2,3-dehydro-n-acetylneuraminic acid) is consistent with extracellular activity of viral neuraminidase (sialidase). | we demonstrate the potent antiviral activity of a novel viral neuraminidase (sialidase) inhibitor, 4-guanidino-2,4-dideoxy-2,3-dehydro-n-acetylneuraminic acid (gg167), administered by the intranasal route in comparison with those of amantadine and ribavirin in experimental respiratory tract infections induced with influenza a and b viruses. in an extended study in which mice were infected (day 0) with influenza a/singapore/1/57 virus, with treatments given prophylactically plus twice daily over ... | 1994 | 7840556 |
| the etiology of community acquired pneumonia in adults in addis ababa. | over a two year period, we prospectively studied 110 adult patients with community acquired pneumonia (cap) who presented to the black lion hospital, addis ababa, ethiopia. pneumococcal infection was diagnosed in 41% by the detection of pneumococcal antigen in sputum and other biologic fluids; in 72% by gram stain of lung aspirate (la) and in 67.5% by gram stain of sputum. blood and lung aspirate culture grew streptococcus pneumoniae in 4 cases (6%), staphylococcus aureus in 4 (6%), enterobacter ... | 1994 | 7841101 |
| antigenic and genetic characterization of current influenza strains. | annually the influenza centre receives more than 1000 virus isolates from around the world to monitor the changing pattern of viruses causing influenza throughout the year. these are characterized antigenically using both polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies and selected viruses are subjected to closer scrutiny by nucleotide sequence analyses of their ha genes. this information is used in making the annual recommendation of vaccine composition. as in the last 15 years, influenza a viruses of bot ... | 1994 | 7843357 |
| a sialic acid-derived phosphonate analog inhibits different strains of influenza virus neuraminidase with different efficiencies. | a phosphonate analog of n-acetyl neuraminic acid (pana) has been designed as a potential neuraminidase (na) inhibitor and synthesized as both the alpha (epana) and beta (apana) anomers. inhibition of type a (n2) and type b na activity by epana was approximately a 100-fold better than by sialic acid, but inhibition of type a (n9) na was only ten-fold better than by sialic acid. the apana compound was not a strong inhibitor for any of the na strains tested. the crystal structures at 2.4 a resoluti ... | 1995 | 7844831 |
| update: influenza activity--new york and united states, 1994-95 season. | influenza activity in the united states during the current influenza season began in the northeast, and during late january, spread to other regions of the country. this report describes influenza outbreaks in nursing homes in new york and summarizes national influenza surveillance data from october 2, 1994, through february 11, 1995. | 1995 | 7845350 |
| anti-influenza virus activity of the neuraminidase inhibitor 4-guanidino-neu5ac2en in cell culture and in human respiratory epithelium. | the anti-influenza activity of the neuraminidase inhibitor 4-guanidino-neu5ac2en (4-g-nac) was determined in madin-darby canine kidney (mdck) cells by yield reduction and elisa and in explants of human respiratory epithelium by yield reduction. in mdck cells, 50% inhibitory concentrations (ec50) averaged 0.5 microgram/ml for influenza a/virginia/88(h3n2) and 0.04 microgram/ml for a/texas/36/91(h1n1) by elisa, and < 0.01 microgram/ml for influenza a/virginia by yield reduction. in human adenoid e ... | 1994 | 7847874 |
| isolation and classification of temperature-sensitive mutants of influenza b virus. | we isolated 25 temperature-sensitive mutants of b/kanagawa/73 strain generated by mutagenesis with 5-fluorouracil and classified them into seven recombination groups by pair-wise crosses. all mutants showed a ratio of plaquing efficiency at the nonpermissive temperature (37.5 c) to the permissive temperature (32 c) of 10(-4) or less. at 37.5 c most of group i, ii, and iii mutants did not produce appreciable amounts of protein, but all other group mutants were protein synthesis-positive. a group ... | 1994 | 7854217 |
| probing the structure of influenza b hemagglutinin using site-directed mutagenesis. | the crystal structure of the hemagglutinin (ha) of influenza virus a/aichi/68 (h3n2) from the x-31 reassortant virus was reported in 1981, but as yet there are no x-ray diffraction structures for hemagglutinins of other types or even subtypes of influenza virus. we have used site-directed mutagenesis to probe the structure of the hemagglutinin of influenza b/hong kong/8/73. we investigated a region in the globular head domain that is helical in the influenza a ha structure, targeting sidechains ... | 1995 | 7856092 |
| mixed populations in influenza virus vaccine strains. | human influenza viruses used for vaccine production have previously been adapted to grow in eggs. during egg adaptation, variants are selected and we have observed that more than one variant may derive in a single egg resulting in a mixed population. we have now investigated the extent of heterogeneity, due to host cell selection, of virus strains used for the manufacture of influenza vaccine for the 1991/1992 and 1992/1993 seasons. the a(h1n1) vaccine virus was homogeneous with respect to subst ... | 1994 | 7856297 |
| influenza a subtype cross-protection after immunization of outbred mice with a purified chimeric ns1/ha2 influenza virus protein. | influenza a/pr/8/34-derived chimeric (d) protein (sk&f 106160) composed of the first 81 amino acids (aa) of ns1 fused to the conserved 157 c-terminal aa of ha2 (ns1 1-81-ha2 65-222) was previously shown to induce h-2d-restricted protective cytotoxic t-lymphocyte (ctl) immunity in inbred mice. however, d protein, like other small peptides, exhibited haplotype dependence and was not immunogenic in h-2b and h-2k mice. a potential use of this antigen in humans and the role of t cells in any protecti ... | 1994 | 7856302 |
| [rapid detection for antigens of respiratory tract viruses by using series of monoclonal antibody]. | a series of monoclonal antibodies (mcab) against six main respiratory tract viruses(rtv)--respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), influenza a virus (flua), influenza b virus(flub), parainfluenza virus type 1.2.3 (piv1.2.3) were developed, and were used in apaap bridge-enzyme assay to rapidly detect the antigens of rtv. total 260 samples of nasopharyngeal exfoliated cells were collected from young men in beijing army suffered from respiratory tract virus infections. the results showed that 18 cases we ... | 1994 | 7859266 |
| from the centers for disease control and prevention. update: influenza activity--united states, 1994-95 season. | | 1995 | 7861560 |
| from the centers for disease control and prevention. update: influenza activity--new york and united states, 1994-95 season. | | 1995 | 7869543 |
| approach to the involvement of influenza b neuraminidase in the cleavage of ha by host cell protease using low ph-induced cell fusion reaction. | ts7, a temperature-sensitive mutant defective in neuraminidase (na) of influenza b/kanagawa/73, lacks na enzymatic activity at the nonpermissive temperature (37.5 c). when mdck cells were infected with the mutant at the permissive temperature (32 c) and exposed to ph 5.2 medium, extensive cell fusion occurred. in contrast, at the nonpermissive temperature cells did not show cell fusion at all unless they were pretreated with trypsin, suggesting that at 37.5 c the hemagglutinin (ha) of ts7 is exp ... | 1994 | 7869962 |
| [epidemiological study of the prevalence of influenza in japan--regional differences in terms of three indices (development of epidemic outbreak, viral isolation, peak of prevalence)]. | the prevalence of influenza in japan was studied, dividing the whole country into six sections such as tohoku, hokkaido and kanto, to determine regional differences from the nationwide viewpoint. this study was based on data obtained from a total of 720 prefectures where three of the first index (the time the epidemic outbreak developed), second index (the time the virus was isolated) and third index (the time the prevalence reached its peak) were determined for the 16 prevalence periods of infl ... | 1994 | 7876671 |
| activated thp-1 cells depress mitochondrial respiration in hep g2 cells infected with influenza b virus. | influenza b virus has been aetiologically linked to reye syndrome (rs), but the mechanism(s) by which this pathogen could disrupt liver metabolism and produce the hepatic mitochondrial injury characteristic of the syndrome are unknown. in this study, two mechanisms by which infection of hepatocytes with influenza b virus could disrupt cellular metabolism were investigated. (1) virus-induced increase in pro-oxidant iron with subsequent iron-induced lipid peroxidation (lp) and (2) increased membra ... | 1994 | 7877629 |
| respiratory infection with chlamydia pneumoniae in middle-aged and older adult outpatients. | this study was undertaken to characterize the epidemiology and clinical presentation of infection with chlamydia pneumoniae in a population composed primarily of middle-aged and older adults. pharyngeal swabs and acute and convalescent phase sera were obtained from outpatients presenting with signs and symptoms of an acute respiratory infection. sera were examined using the micro-immunofluorescence (mif) test to detect antibody to chlamydia pneumoniae and complement fixation tests to detect myco ... | 1994 | 7889946 |
| non-specific interstitial pneumonia (nip): immunohistologic screening of etiologic agents. | non-specific interstitial pneumonia (nip) occurs frequently in patients with hiv-infection. to elucidate the etiology of this pulmonary disorder, we searched for 13 different microorganisms in transbronchial biopsies from 15 patients with nip, 15 patients with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) and 20 patients with lung diseases not related to hiv-infection using monoclonal antibodies and the apaap- or pap-technique for immunostaining. chlamydia trachomatis and parainfluenza iii were detected ... | 1994 | 7893990 |
| replication of influenza b virus: biological functions of viral neuraminidase. | | 1994 | 7898558 |
| respiratory syncytial virus or influenza? | we compared data from clinical surveillance of acute respiratory infections in elderly people reported by a network of sentinel general practitioners, virus isolate data for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and influenza a and b viruses, and registered deaths, during the past four winters. cases of acute respiratory disease (ard) and deaths (3-week moving averages) showed strong similarity in timing. periods of high incidence of ard and numbers of deaths were followed within 2-3 weeks by report ... | 1993 | 7902899 |
| immune response to influenza vaccination. | | 1994 | 7904017 |
| surveillance for influenza in a newborn intensive care unit. | although influenza may cause fatal neonatal infections, the current prevalence of disease in newborn intensive care units (nicu) is unknown. furthermore, because compliance of nicu staff with annual influenza immunization is poor, absence of antibody may provide an indication of influenza susceptibility for neonatal patients and staff. we studied our nicu staff and patients during the winter of 1992-93 to determine seroprevalence of influenza antibody and attempted to document infection serologi ... | 1994 | 7924315 |
| monoclonal antibodies against influenza virus pb2 and np polypeptides interfere with the initiation step of viral mrna synthesis in vitro. | two panels of monoclonal antibodies (mabs) specific for the influenza a virus pa and pb2 polypeptides have been obtained from mice immunized with denatured proteins produced in escherichia coli. all mabs (13 specific for the pa polypeptide and 8 specific for the pb2 protein) reacted to the corresponding influenza virus protein in western blotting (immunoblotting), immunoprecipitation, and immunofluorescence assays. to gain information about the roles of the nucleoprotein (np) and pb2 and pa prot ... | 1994 | 7933070 |
| efficacy of inactivated vaccine in preventing antigenically drifted influenza type a and well-matched type b. | to evaluate the efficacy of currently used inactivated influenza vaccine during a severe epidemic caused by antigenically drifted influenza type a(h3n2) and well-matched type b viruses during the 1992-1993 season. | 1994 | 7933325 |
| from the centers for disease control and prevention. update: influenza activity--worldwide, 1994. | | 1994 | 7933361 |
| acute liver failure following influenza b infection. | | 1994 | 7936470 |
| serum hla class i levels in elderly humans. utilization in following the response to influenza vaccine. | some healthy elderly people (30%-40%) do not respond to influenza vaccination. subjects who respond to influenza vaccination show a significant increase in serum hla class i levels 2 weeks after immunization. in the present study, serum hla class i levels were measured prior to vaccination and 4 and 6 weeks after vaccination. the responders (hai titers > or = 40) had higher prevaccination hla class i levels (2.03 +/- 0.12 microgram/ml) than nonresponders (hai titers < 40) (1.57 +/- 0.14 microgra ... | 1994 | 7960964 |
| the efficacy of influenza vaccination in elderly individuals. a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial. | to determine the efficacy of influenza vaccination in elderly people. | 1994 | 7966893 |
| a randomized controlled trial of influenza vaccine in the elderly. scientific scrutiny and ethical responsibility. | | 1994 | 7966901 |
| update: influenza activity--united states, 1994-95 season. | in collaboration with the world health organization (who) international collaborating laboratories and state and local health departments in the united states, cdc conducts surveillance to monitor influenza activity and to determine the antigenic characteristics of circulating strains of influenza viruses. this report describes influenza viruses isolated from sporadic cases of influenza in the united states during july-september 1994 and summarizes influenza surveillance findings from october th ... | 1994 | 7969003 |
| study on the children of kaohsiung with acute viral infection of lower respiratory tract by direct immunofluorescence assay. | this study retrospectively reviewed those pediatric patients of acute lower respiratory tract infection with positive virus identification by direct immunofluorescence assay (direct if) from jan, 1992 to dec, 1993. one hundred and eighteen patients with 133 positive direct if results (107 cases with single virus identified, and 11 cases with more than one) were included. the sex ratio was 1.6:1 with males predominant; age, 22.1 (1 approximately 154.8) (months); duration of admission, 5.7 (1 appr ... | 1994 | 7983692 |
| efficacy of 2'-deoxy-2'-fluororibosides against influenza a and b viruses in ferrets. | single-dose treatments (5 to 40 mg/kg of body weight given intraperitoneally) of ferrets with 2'-deoxy-2'-fluoroguanosine or its prodrug, 2,6-diamino-purine-2'-fluororiboside, 1 h after infection with influenza a virus significantly inhibited replication of virus in the upper respiratory tract, resulting in amelioration of fever and nasal inflammation. replication of virus in the lower respiratory tract was also reduced > 100-fold, but three doses were required to prevent replication in the lung ... | 1994 | 7986023 |
| identification of annexin 33 kda in cultured cells as a binding protein of influenza viruses. | the binding of three influenza a and one influenza b virus strains to proteins of three continuously cultured cell lines was studied using protein overlay and immunostaining methods. the results obtained indicated the presence of both sialic acid-dependent and -independent binding of the virus strains; virus binding to proteins in the molecular mass range from about 40 to 103 kda was dependent on sialic acid, whereas binding to the 33 kda protein was independent of sialic acid. the 33 kda bindin ... | 1994 | 7988705 |
| from the centers for disease control and prevention. update: influenza activity--united states, 1994-95 season. | | 1994 | 7990203 |
| [comparison of the prevalence of symptoms, elevated serum antibody, antibody types and complications between two outbreaks of influenza in a ward]. | we experienced two outbreaks of influenza in the respiratory ward of our hospital in feb. 1990 and feb. 1993. influenza-like symptoms were recognized in 42 of 67 cases (63%) in 1990, and in 22 of 56 cases (39%) in 1993. in the former outbreak, the prevalence of the serum cf titer for anti-influenza antibody was elevated in 25 of 42 cases (60%) (only the a2 antibody titer in 2 cases, b antibody titer in 4 cases in the latter one). among asymptomatic inpatients, the serum titer was elevated in 3 o ... | 1994 | 7996022 |
| meisenheimer rearrangement of azetopyridoindoles, vi. synthesis of 12-carbaeudistomin and related compounds. | for structure-activity relationship investigation of eudistomins 1, 12-carbaeudistomin 3, its 1,10-trans isomer 4, and 11,12-didehydro-12-carbaeudistomin 5 have been synthesized. the [2,3]-meisenheimer rearrangement of the corresponding n-oxide of the 2-vinylazetopyridoindole 12a bearing a benzenesulfonyl group as a protective group of the indole nitrogen atom afforded the oxazepino ester 14, which was easily isomerized to 20a. compounds 3 and 4 were synthesized from 14 and 20a, respectively, ac ... | 1994 | 8004693 |
| [the results of a study of the data obtained from patients vaccinated earlier with different influenza vaccines]. | studies of influenza virus type a and b strains isolated during the epidemics of 1990 and 1991 in novgorod from sick children previously vaccinated with influenza vaccines demonstrated no influence of postvaccination immunity on the antigenic properties of the isolates from patients with different vaccination history. under conditions of the concurrent circulation of viruses with previously known and new antigenic structures the difference in the immune response consisted in its greater stimulat ... | 1994 | 8017055 |
| efficacy and safety of aerosolized ribavirin in young children hospitalized with influenza: a double-blind, multicenter, placebo-controlled trial. | we randomly assigned children hospitalized with influenza who had been ill < or = 48 hours and who had a temperature > or = 37.8 degrees c to receive either ribavirin or placebo. all patients had evaluations performed for fever reduction, use of acetaminophen for temperature > or = 38.3 degrees c, duration and severity of influenza symptoms, and feeding behavior. sixty-two patients (35 in the placebo group, 27 in the ribavirin group) had a diagnosis of influenza confirmed by laboratory study. th ... | 1994 | 8021762 |
| prevention and control of influenza: part i, vaccines. recommendations of the advisory committee on immunization practices (acip). | these recommendations update information on the vaccine available for controlling influenza during the 1994-95 influenza season. the recommendations supersede mmwr 1993;42(no. rr-6)1-13. antiviral agents also have an important role in the control of influenza. recommendations for the use of antiviral agents will be published later in 1994 as part ii of these recommendations. | 1994 | 8022393 |
| structure of influenza virus neuraminidase b/lee/40 complexed with sialic acid and a dehydro analog at 1.8-a resolution: implications for the catalytic mechanism. | neuraminidase is one of the two glycoprotein spikes protruding from the influenza virus membrane. we have determined by x-ray crystallography the native structure of b/lee/40 neuraminidase (na) and the structures of its crystals soaked with a substrate, n-acetylneuraminyllactose (nanl), and an inhibitor, 2-deoxy-2,3-didehydro-n-acetylneuraminic acid (dana) at 1.8-a resolution. nanl was hydrolyzed by the crystalline na to generate the product n-acetylneuraminic acid (nana, also known as sialic ac ... | 1994 | 8031750 |
| community acquired pneumonia in adults in addis abeba: etiologic agents, clinical and radiographic presentation. | we prospectively studied 110 adult patients coming to black lion hospital between august 1987 and july 1989 with community acquired pneumonia (cap) for various etiologic agents and clinical and radiographic presentation. streptococcus pneumoniae was the most common offending pathogen in 72% and 67.5% from sputum and lung aspirate (la) gram stain respectively, and in 41% by pneumococcal serotyping of sputum. blood and la culture grew streptococcus pneumoniae in 4 (6%), staphylococcus aureus in 4 ... | 1994 | 8033877 |
| influenza b virus infection in pediatric solid organ transplant recipients. | influenza b virus causes epidemic infection in normal children, but only one case of infection in an immunocompromised solid organ transplant (sot) recipient has been reported. characterization of the clinical course of influenza b virus infection in pediatric sot recipients may increase the utilization of preventive and therapeutic interventions by pediatricians caring for these immunocompromised children. | 1994 | 8036078 |
| parental and medical over-administration of acetaminophen causing lethal hepatotoxicity in a 10-year-old. | a 10-year-old girl with acute influenza b virus disease was given repetitive doses of acetaminophen by her mother to reduce the child's fever. when finally seen by trained medical personnel, the child was experiencing abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting, which are classic signs of acetaminophen hepatotoxicity. despite these findings, the child was given additional acetaminophen and experienced lethal hepatotoxicity. | 1994 | 8051583 |
| [the characteristics of the epidemic strains of the influenza b viruses that caused the 1990-1991 epidemic in the ussr]. | epidemics of influenza in towns of russia were found to have been caused by influenza type b virus. strains similar to b/yamagata/16/88 were first isolated in the country. the study of antigenic and biological properties showed that the epidemic strains could be divided into 2 groups: similar to b/victoria/2/87 and to b/yamagata/16/88, that is, representing two branches of the evolutionary tree. in both groups the viruses were heterogeneous both in antigenic and biological properties. | 1993 | 8059530 |
| reinfection with influenza b virus in children: analysis of the reinfection influenza b viruses. | influenza b virus reinfection in japanese children was studied epidemiologically during 1979-91 and virologically during 1985-91. during this investigation, there were four epidemics caused by influenza b viruses, each of which accompanied antigenic drift. between the epidemics in 1987/88 and 1989/90, the viruses changed drastically, both genetically and antigenically. the minimum rate of reinfection with influenza b virus during the whole period was 3-25% depending on the influenza seasons. the ... | 1994 | 8062866 |
| [the protective effect of peptides from the thymus and tracheal mucosa in an experimental respiratory influenzal infection]. | to evaluate the possible antiviral activity of a number of peptide bioregulators, an acute influenza infection was induced in developing chick embryos and mice. four peptide preparations were used: two medicinal peptide preparations of the thymus (thymalin and thymogen) and peptide preparations obtained from the tracheal mucosa (ptm) and lung parenchyma (plp) of calves according to the technology used for obtaining thymalin. for control, remantadin (for type a virus) and adapromin (for type b vi ... | 1993 | 8067076 |
| slow-binding inhibition of sialidase from influenza virus. | sialidase from influenza virus a (tokyo/3/67, n2) is inhibited in slow-binding fashion by 2,3-didehydro-2,4-dideoxy-4-guanidino-n-acetyl-d-neuraminic acid. the ki observed for the tightly-bound form at steady-state is 3 x 10(-11) m. slow-binding, which is a consequence of the guanidinyl moiety of the inhibitor, is observed only for influenza virus a sialidase and not for influenza virus b or any other viral, bacterial, or mammalian sialidase investigated. the different results obtained for siali ... | 1994 | 8069234 |
| influenza b virus neuraminidase can synthesize its own inhibitor. | neuraminidase, one of the two surface glycoproteins of influenza virus, cleaves terminal sialic acid residues from glycolipids or glycoproteins. its crystal structure is known at high resolution, but the mechanism of glycosyl hydrolysis remains unclear. | 1993 | 8069621 |
| synthesis and antiviral activity evaluation of some aminoadamantane derivatives. | the synthesis of some spiro[cyclopropane-1,2'-adamantan]-2-amines and methanamines and some spiro[pyrrolidine-2,2'-adamantanes] is described. the title compounds were evaluated against a wide range of viruses (influenza a, influenza b, parainfluenza 3, rsv, hsv-1, tk- hsv-1, hsv-2, vaccinia, vesicular stomatitis, polio 1, coxsackie b4, sindbis, semliki forest, reo 1, hiv-1, and hiv-2), and some of them (compounds 6b, 6c, 9a, 16a, 16b, and 17) inhibited the cytopathicity of influenza a virus at a ... | 1994 | 8071937 |
| [the isolation of influenza viruses in novgorod in 1990-1991]. | | 1993 | 8073745 |
| [the mechanisms of the antiviral action of the bora-adamantane derivative preparation bg-12]. | the effect of one of the derivatives of boraadamantane, preparation bg-12, on reproduction of influenza type a and b viruses was studied. this preparation was shown to inhibit multiplication of a wide range of influenza type a and b virus strains. it is important that bg-12 inhibits in cell culture the replication of a mutant of fowl plague virus a/fpv/weibridge resistant to remantadine. bg-12 was found to exert a marked viricidal effect, to inhibit the hemolytic activity of both influenza a and ... | 1993 | 8073750 |
| [the dependence of determining the hemagglutinin content by srid on the test system used and on the detergent]. | the assay systems for single radial immunodiffusion (srd) represented by standard reagents of antigens and monospecific antisera to a and b influenza virus haemagglutinin and prepared in two different countries were used for elucidation of the influence of monospecific antisera and some ionic and nonionic detergents on the determination of hemagglutinin content in the homologous (antigen and antiserum from the same country) and heterologous (antigen and antiserum from different countries) assay ... | 1993 | 8073752 |
| modification of infectious bursal disease virus antigen vp2 for cell surface location fails to enhance immunogenicity. | the host protective antigen gene vp2 of infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) was genetically modified and expressed by recombinant fowlpox viruses (rfpv). to achieve cell surface localization, vp2 was expressed as a hybrid protein with signal sequence and membrane anchors of influenza virus hemagglutinin or neuraminidase. native vp2 was expressed as vp2 alone or as self-processing vp2-vp4-vp3 polyprotein for coexpression of ibdv structural proteins. vp2 hybrid protein containing the carboxy-te ... | 1994 | 8079513 |
| [an evaluation of the suitability of 2 methods for the rapid diagnosis of epidemic outbreaks of influenza]. | | 1993 | 8079565 |
| [the reactogenic properties and antigenic activity of inactivated 3-component influenza vaccines used intranasally]. | | 1993 | 8079572 |
| [the evaluation of the epidemiological efficacy of 3-component inactivated influenza vaccines using an intranasal application method]. | | 1993 | 8079581 |
| effect of influenza vaccine on bronchoprovocation testing in normal subjects. | a study of 55 nonasthmatic patients was undertaken to determine if recent influenza vaccination is a justifiable exclusionary criteria for bronchoprovocation testing. healthy subjects without history of asthma and with negative methacholine challenge tests were given an intramuscular injection of killed influenza vaccine. methacholine challenge testing was repeated 24 h later. while a statistically significant decline in fev1 at 188 methacholine dose units was demonstrated (p < 0.018), this was ... | 1994 | 8082353 |
| update: influenza activity--worldwide, 1994. | from october 1993 through august 1994, influenza activity occurred at moderate to moderately severe levels worldwide. influenza a(h3n2) viruses predominated during the 1993-94 season, but influenza b viruses also were isolated from persons with sporadic illness and from outbreak-associated cases. cocirculation of influenza a(h3n2) and influenza b viruses is continuing throughout the world; however, the isolation of influenza a(h1n1) viruses has been extremely rare (1). this report summarizes inf ... | 1994 | 8084332 |
| [a comparative study of live and inactivated influenza vaccines: the organization of the observation and the results of a study of their reactogenicity and immunogenicity]. | schoolchildren of 30 to 34 schools of novgorod were vaccinated over a three-year period with russian live cold-adapted attenuated vaccine for children and whole-virus inactivated vaccines and placebo for comparative field study of the vaccines properties and efficacy. in control trials both bi- and trivalent live attenuated vaccines were well tolerated and areactogenic. a whole-virus inactivated trivalent vaccine induced mild and moderate fever and local reactions in 2-4% of the vaccinees. speci ... | 1994 | 8091754 |
| [the virus-inhibiting activity of a preparation obtained from a mussel hydrolysate]. | antiviral properties were found with a preparation obtained from mussel meat by acid hydrolysis. in the experiments in vitro this mussel hydrolysate reduced the infectious activity of influenza viruses in neutralization tests by 3-6 log. applications of the preparation to mice infected with a toxigenic influenza virus strain protected from death 66-84% of the animals, the survival rate in controls being from 9 to 16%. the protective effect of mussel hydrolysate was observed both after intranasal ... | 1994 | 8091755 |
| evaluation of cold-adapted, reassortant influenza b virus vaccines in elderly and chronically ill adults. | the safety and immunogenicity of two recent cold-adapted reassortant influenza b viruses were evaluated in persons at high risk for influenza-related morbidity and mortality. ambulatory adults > 65 years old or with chronic high-risk conditions were randomly assigned to receive parenteral trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine containing either influenza b/ann arbor/86 or b/yamagata/88 hemagglutinin antigens, cold-adapted reassortant influenza b/ann arbor/1/86 or b/yamagata/16/88 viruses (10(7. ... | 1994 | 8106775 |
| variability in infectivity of cold-adapted recombinant influenza virus vaccines in humans. | | 1994 | 8106789 |
| calcium is needed for the thermostability of influenza b virus neuraminidase. | the activity and stability of influenza virus neuraminidase is known to depend on the presence of calcium ions. the atomic structure of the tetrameric neuraminidase head shows two distinct ca2+ binding sites, one with low affinity on the molecular fourfold symmetry axis and one with high affinity close to the active site in each of the monomers. here we show that ca is essential for the thermostability of the isolated neuraminidase tetramer. inactivation of ca-free neuraminidase at high temperat ... | 1994 | 8113759 |
| adult bacterial nasopharyngitis: a clinical entity? | to investigate bacterial nasopharyngitis as a cause of adult upper respiratory infection. | 1993 | 8120682 |
| update: influenza activity--united states and worldwide, 1993-94 season, and composition of the 1994-95 influenza vaccine. | in collaboration with the world health organization (who) and its network of international collaborating laboratories and with state and local health departments in the united states, cdc conducts surveillance to monitor influenza activity and to detect antigenic changes in the circulating strains of influenza viruses. this report summarizes surveillance for influenza in the united states and worldwide during the 1993-94 season and describes the composition of the 1994-95 influenza vaccine. | 1994 | 8121376 |
| flu vaccination recall database. | | 1993 | 8123109 |
| disassembly of influenza c viruses, distinct from that of influenza a and b viruses requires neutral-alkaline ph. | influenza c (flu c) viruses comprise an internal ribonucleoprotein (rnp) and an outer lipoprotein envelope with surface spike glycoproteins and the m1 protein matrix. the lipoprotein envelope and spike glycoproteins are solubilized by nonionic detergent in a ph-independent manner. in contrast, disassembly of the m1 protein matrix appears to depend on ph. treatment of flu c viruses with nonionic detergent in neutral or alkaline medium (ph 9.0-7.4) results in disintegration of the virion m1 matrix ... | 1994 | 8128628 |
| three year follow up study of national influenza vaccination practices in japan. | to evaluate new national influenza vaccination practices which were started in 1987 under a revised law in japan. | 1994 | 8138769 |
| influenza. | | 1994 | 8142242 |
| prevention and control of influenza: part i, vaccines. recommendations of the advisory committee on immunization practices (acip). | these recommendations update information on the vaccine available for controlling influenza during the 1993-94 influenza season (superseding mmwr 1992;41(no. rr-9):1-17.) the principal changes include information about a) the influenza strains in the trivalent vaccine for 1993-94, b) the effectiveness of influenza vaccine, and c) side effects and adverse reactions. antiviral agents also have an important role in the control of influenza. recommendations for the use of antiviral agents will be pu ... | 1993 | 8145709 |
| safety and immunogenicity of a purified haemagglutinin antigen in very young high-risk children. | forty-three high-risk preterm children received either one of three doses of purified hemagglutinin antigen (ha) (7.5 micrograms/0.25 ml, 22.5 micrograms/0.25 ml or 67.5 micrograms/0.25 ml) or standard split product vaccine (st) (22.5 micrograms/ml dose) over the 1990-1991 influenza season. components for all vaccines included a/shanghai 16/89, a/taiwan 1/86 and b/yamagata 16.88. sera for antibody was drawn before, 6 weeks and 4 months after the first vaccine dose. the study was randomized and b ... | 1994 | 8147095 |
| comparison of influenza serological techniques by international collaborative study. | an international collaborative study was performed to investigate the reproducibility of influenza serological techniques. participants in seven laboratories representing five countries measured antibody to a/sichuan/2/87 (h3n2), a/taiwan/1/86 (h1n1) and b/beijing/1/87 influenza viruses in 11 human sera and three postinfection ferret sera. two different serological techniques were used, haemagglutination inhibition (hi) and single-radial haemolysis (srh) and, although each technique was reproduc ... | 1994 | 8147099 |
| influenza epidemic among a community of elderly people in spite of vaccination. | an outbreak of influenza occurred in a nursing home of 81 vaccinated elderly people. the clinical attack rate was 73%. the responsibility of an a/h3n2 strain was proved in 12 patients and 2 staff members of the 15 investigated persons. the vaccine was effective in reducing mortality but not morbidity. an antigenic drift between the wild and the vaccine strains was involved in the inefficiency of the vaccination. | 1993 | 8150072 |
| from the centers for disease control and prevention. update: influenza activity--united states and worldwide, 1993-94 season, and composition of the 1994-95 influenza vaccine. | | 1994 | 8151839 |
| [seroepidemiological data on the circulation of influenza virus in moldova in 1991-1992]. | 1. to establish the predominant circulating antigenic subtypes of influenza viruses in the epidemic season (19911992). 2. to evaluate the efficiency of seroepidemiological method in determining the circulating antigenic subtypes and its practical consequences. | 1993 | 8153476 |
| [the immunogenic properties and prophylactic efficacy of a live polyvalent influenza vaccine in children 5 to 14 years old]. | production lots of a live influenza vaccine made of strains a/47/t (n1h1), a/47/6/2 (h3n2), and b/60/32 were used for vaccination of 3663 children aged from 5 to 14 years inoculated twice with monovaccines, a trivaccine made of the above strains, or placebo. both mono- and polyvaccine were practically areactogenic. an average per cent of subjects with a significant rise in antibody titres to the respective three antigens was 60%. the efficacy of the vaccination was 31.0-42.8% for monopreparation ... | 1994 | 8160445 |
| humoral and cellular immune response to influenza virus vaccination in aged humans. | aging is characterized by an increased susceptibility to infectious diseases; influenza virus infection, which is easily managed by an intact immune system, represents a life-threatening disease in aged subjects. we studied 18 healthy aged subjects (> 65 years of age), vaccinated yearly with conventional anti-influenza vaccine, and 9 healthy young volunteers (mean age 26 years), without previous anti-influenza vaccination, who were vaccinated with the conventional trivalent 1990 anti-influenza p ... | 1993 | 8161577 |
| attenuation of virulence in influenza b viral infection of volunteers. | a study was performed with volunteers in order to determine whether the virulence of an influenza b viral infection could be attenuated. of a total of 62 persons, 26 received intranasal inoculations of an unpassaged influenza b virus isolate [virus u], while 26 received the same virus isolated passaged in cell culture and then in special pathogen-free embryonated hens' eggs [virus p]. the remaining 10 persons received uninoculated cell culture medium. daily nasal wash samples were collected post ... | 1994 | 8163832 |
| a study of respiratory infections in a healthy adult population during the 1987 australian winter. | during the 1987 australian winter, respiratory illness patterns were studied in a population of 454 healthy adults, aged 18-59, over a period of 45 days. these patterns were matched with data obtained from laboratory diagnoses for respiratory viruses, mycoplasma pneumoniae and bacteria. influenza b/1/86 was by far the most prevalent pathogen but other viruses including influenza a, paramyxoviruses, respiratory syncytial virus and coronavirus oc-43 were also present, either alone or in combinatio ... | 1993 | 8168672 |
| [incidence of circulating antibodies against hemagglutinin and neuraminidase of influenza viruses in the epidemic season 1991/92 in poland]. | the levels of antibodies were tested in 9 groups from 6 months up to over 65 years for ha and na of influenza a (h1n1), a (h3n2) and b in epidemic season 1991/92 in poland. hi and ni tests were performed with viruses a/taiwan/1/86, a/beijing/353/89 and b/panama/45/90, these were recommended by who for this season. the highest gmt were found for hemagglutinin h3 and hb, much lower for h1. for h3 much higher gmt were found in groups 3-8 and over 65 years. the gmt for hb were almost the same in all ... | 1993 | 8171205 |
| immature neutrophils in the peripheral blood smear of children with viral infections. | | 1994 | 8177632 |
| [a surveillance system for the study of the circulation of influenza in madrid during the 1986-1991 quinquennium. the influenza surveillance group of madrid]. | the creation of a surveillance system allowing the study of the evolution of the tendency of influenza and act as an alert system for undertaking control measures is necessary due to the great variability characteristic of the circulation of influenza virus. the madrid influenza surveillance group was therefore designed. the activity carried out during its first five years of existence is evaluated. | 1994 | 8182995 |
| [how do the influenza viruses travel?]. | | 1994 | 8182998 |
| seroepidemiological study of respiratory virus infections among dental surgeons. | sera were collected from 50 practising dental surgeons and 50 control subjects matched for age (+/- 1 year) and sex. each participant completed a questionnaire including personal details and, in the case of dentists, information relating to protective work-wear and other cross-infection control measures employed within the surgery. the sera were examined by complement fixation tests for antibodies to influenza a, influenza b, respiratory syncytial virus and adenovirus. the dental group had a sig ... | 1994 | 8186035 |
| apoptosis: a mechanism of cell killing by influenza a and b viruses. | in previous studies, we observed that the virulent avian influenza a virus a/turkey/ontario/7732/66 (ty/ont) induced severe lymphoid depletion in vivo and rapidly killed an avian lymphocyte cell line (rp9) in vitro. in examining the mechanism of cell killing by this virus, we found that ty/ont induced fragmentation of the rp9 cellular dna into a 200-bp ladder and caused ultrastructural changes characteristic of apoptotic cell death by 5 h after infection. we next determined that the ability to i ... | 1994 | 8189504 |
| in vitro and in vivo inhibition of ortho- and paramyxovirus infections by a new class of sulfonic acid polymers interacting with virus-cell binding and/or fusion. | a series of sulfonic acid polymers were shown to be potent and selective inhibitors of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and influenza a virus. the compounds inhibit the replication of rsv and influenza a virus in hela and mdck cells, at concentrations of 0.16 and 4.0 micrograms/ml, respectively, and are nontoxic to growing cells at concentrations of > 100 micrograms/ml. the mode of antiviral action of the sulfonic acid polymers can be ascribed to inhibition of virus-cell fusion (for influenza a ... | 1994 | 8192454 |