| isolation of measles virus in primary rhesus monkey cells from a child with acute interstitial pneumonia who cytologically had giant-cell pneumonia without a rash. | the isolation of measles virus in primary rhesus monkey kidney cells (prmk) in patients with documented giant-cell pneumonia who have presented without a rash is limited. the diagnosis usually is made by cytologic examination of nasal or bronchial secretions in which characteristic multinucleated giant cells with intranuclear and intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies are observed. the diagnosis of giant-cell pneumonia has been associated with measles virus but not exclusively. canine distemper, herp ... | 1990 | 2220674 |
| localization of nucleocapsid associated polypeptides in measles virus-infected cells by immunogold labelling after resin embedding. | the nucleo-, phospho- and matrix protein of measles virus were localized at high resolution within infected cells by use of post-embedding immunogold labelling techniques. in general, labelling with monospecific antibodies as well as with a polyvalent rabbit anti-measles hyperimmune antiserum revealed measles virus polypeptides to be distributed non-randomly within infected cells with the label largely confined to specific sites, namely inclusions of nucleocapsids and assembled virus structures ... | 1990 | 2222190 |
| [the mechanisms of persistent measles virus infection in hep-2 cells]. | persistent infection with edmonston strain of measles virus was established in a highly susceptible clone of hep-2 cells. the morphological and cytogenic aspects of persistent infection are presented. carriage of measles virus in cells persistently infected is marked by important differences between standard edmonston strain and virus stocks isolated from time to time from the carrier state. it is especially significant that cell fusion capacity decreased in amount concordant with the drop in th ... | 1990 | 2223655 |
| [passive hemagglutination assay (pha) in detection of antibodies against measles]. | by using passive hemagglutination test and hemagglutination inhibition test, 1771 specimens of sera from healthy people were simultaneously tested. the titers of antibodies against measles gmt were respectively 52.54 and 25.22. the related coefficient was 0.71. p less than 0.001. when the two methods were used to 77 children, the rate of active conversion was 97.40%. when the two methods were used to 28 patients suffering from measles, they gave out same results. | 1990 | 2225010 |
| measles antibody: reevaluation of protective titers. | a school blood drive before a measles outbreak permitted correlation of preexposure measles antibody titers with clinical protection using the plaque reduction neutralization (prn) test and an eia. of 9 donors with detectable preexposure prn titer less than or equal to 120, 8 met the clinical criteria for measles (7 seroconfirmed) compared with none of 71 with preexposure prn titers greater than 120 (p less than .0001). seven of 11 donors with preexposure prn titers of 216-874 had a greater than ... | 1990 | 2230231 |
| measles incidence, vaccine efficacy, and mortality in two urban african areas with high vaccination coverage. | measles incidence, vaccine efficacy, and mortality were examined prospectively in two districts in bissau where vaccine coverage for children aged 12-23 months was 81% (bandim 1) and 61% (bandim 2). there was little difference in cumulative measles incidence before 9 months of age (6.1% and 7.6%, respectively). between 9 months and 2 years of age, however, 6.1% contracted measles in bandim 1 and 13.7% in bandim 2. even adjusting for vaccination status, incidence was significantly higher in bandi ... | 1990 | 2230232 |
| temperature elevation enhances cell surface expression of measles virus fusion protein in infected cells. | cell fusion proceeded gradually in measles virus-infected cells incubated at 35 degrees c. shift-up of incubation temperature to 39 degrees c induced rapidly increased cell fusion in spite of the cessation of de novo synthesis of the fusion (f) protein. pulse-chase experiments showed that there was little difference in the acquisition of immunoreactivity by haemagglutinin (h) and f proteins between the two temperatures. h protein was detected on the cell surface 60 min after the chase at either ... | 1990 | 2230743 |
| postexposure prophylaxis for measles in a neonatal intensive care unit. | | 1990 | 2231213 |
| morbillivirus in dolphins. | | 1990 | 2234055 |
| spinal cord disease in children with hiv-1 infection: a combined molecular biological and neuropathological study. | an autopsy study was performed on spinal cords from 18 children who died with hiv-1 infection, using standard histopathologic techniques as well as in situ hybridization and immunocytochemistry for hiv-1. of 16 spinal cords examined by histology, nine had inflammatory cell infiltrates and six had multinucleated cells; both types of lesion are associated with the presence of hiv-1 in central nervous system tissue. hiv-1 type lesions were often present in the spinal cord and brain from the same pa ... | 1990 | 2234312 |
| measles in israel, the west bank, and gaza: continuing incidence and the case for a new eradication strategy. | measles continues to occur in epidemic waves in israel, gaza, and the west bank, causing morbidity and mortality. in israel, immunization of infants against measles began in 1967, and 90% had been immunized by the mid-1980s. in gaza and the west bank, where immunization of infants against measles began in 1973 and 1976, respectively, the immunization rate reached 75% in the late 1970s and increased to greater than 90% in the 1980s. measles epidemics, which previously had occurred in 5- to 7-year ... | 1990 | 2237137 |
| [the immune status of children in foci of measles infection studied by an immunoenzyme method]. | children immunized with live measles vaccine in the foci of measles infection varying in intensity (1-9 cases per focus) have been subjected by two methods: the hemagglutination inhibition (hai) test and the enzyme immunoassay (eia). as shown in this study, in most cases (98% of all blood serum samples) the correlation between the results of the hai test and eia is not high (r = 0.5), which is linked with the detection of a wider spectrum of antibodies in eia. the percentage of seronegative chil ... | 1990 | 2239001 |
| [the results of multiyear observations on the duration of the maintenance of immunity in those vaccinated and revaccinated against and recovered from measles]. | the results of 5-year observations on the duration of immunity to measles virus in persons vaccinated and revaccinated against measles, as well as in persons having had this infection, are presented. the intensity of immunity was determined in the same persons with the use of the passive hemagglutination test. the study revealed differences in the formation, intensity and duration of postvaccinal immunity. a significant decrease in the concentration of antibodies over the period of 5 years was e ... | 1990 | 2239007 |
| [the rapid diagnosis of measles by using immunoenzyme analysis based on peroxidase-labelled viral antigens]. | the sensitivity and specificity of the enzyme immunoassay (the capture variant), based on the use of the complex of anti-igm-igm to purified measles virus, the peroxidase-labeled lysate and nucleocapsid antigens of measles virus, were evaluated. the advantages of the nucleocapsid conjugate were established. the study of 200 serum samples from measles patients revealed that antimeasles igm antibodies could be detected in 100% of cases, and the assay of 15 serum samples from healthy donors and 5 s ... | 1990 | 2239008 |
| immunohistochemistry of otosclerosis. | immunoglobulins g (igg) and a (iga) were found in plasma cells, osteocytes, chondrocytes and in connective tissue of active otosclerotic (= otospongiotic) lesions. the application of antibodies against paramyxovirus and rubella virus antigens reproducibly determined the expression of these antigens at different sites in the otosclerotic stapes, but also in the epithelial cells of the overlying middle ear mucosa. by using specific t-lymphocyte and b-lymphocyte markers, about 80% of the lymphocyte ... | 1990 | 2239226 |
| fatal measles myocarditis. | a case of fulminant measles myocarditis is reported. diagnosis has been obtained at autopsy, due to absence of skin rash, by identification of measles giant cells in the myocardium and by positive reaction of myocardial tissue to measles-specific immunoperoxidase. unusual outcome is interpreted as due to defective cell-bound immunity and extentive involvement of myocardial microcirculation. | 1990 | 2245437 |
| adult onset of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis: a case report. | a new case of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis with onset in adult life is reported. clinical picture was characterized by a maculopathy, followed two years after by behavioural disturbances, psychomotor impairment, pyramidal signs and left-side myelonic jerks synchronously with the typical periodic r-complex in the eeg. ct-scan and mri showed a wide demyelinative lesion in the right temporo-occipital area of the brain. elevated antibody titers to measles virus in serum and csf were present. ... | 1990 | 2247752 |
| methods for screening the naturally acquired and vaccine-induced immunity to the measles virus. | since the measles, mumps and rubella (mmr) vaccine was introduced into sweden in 1982, a yearly evaluation of the immunity patterns and sero-conversion rates in 12-year-old children has been carried out. since 1977, about half of the pre-school children have been vaccinated against measles. this study includes two study groups. (1) 145 selected pre- and post-vaccination samples tested by the haemolysis-in-gel (hig) technique and the neutralization test (nt). the selection was made from 1298 12-y ... | 1990 | 2257133 |
| [virological studies of the virus shedding pattern of natural measles]. | using a novel, highly sensitive cell culture system, b95a cells, i investigated the virus shedding of measles virus (mv) of 47 cases with natural measles. mv was isolated from both peripheral blood leukocytes and respiratory secretions up to 6 days from the onset of the rash. by fractionation of blood, mv was isolated from lymphocytes and monocytes up to 6 days from the onset of the rash, however it disappeared rapidly within 48 hours from the plasma. the duration of positive mv isolation depend ... | 1990 | 2258646 |
| [hypermutation of the measles virus gene and persistent infection]. | | 1990 | 2267790 |
| measles antibodies in hiv-1 infected children. | | 1990 | 2268545 |
| intrathecal synthesis of virus antibodies: a diagnostic test for multiple sclerosis. | intrathecally synthesized antibodies against measles and rubella were determined in 221 patients with multiple sclerosis (ms) and in 476 control cases. a local production was detectable in more than 80% of the ms cases but in none of the control group. these results show that the demonstration of intrathecally synthesized antibodies against neurotropic viruses not related with respective infections may serve as helpful test in the diagnosis of ms. | 1990 | 2269323 |
| influence of the measles virus on the proliferation and protein synthesis of aortic endothelial and smooth muscle cells. | to clarify whether some viruses could influence the different functions and membrane permeability of the aortic cells, we have examined in a model experiment the in vitro effect of the measles virus on the aortic endothelial and smooth muscle cells. the aortic cells infected with the virus failed to reveal gross cytopathic effect. occasionally, however, syncytium formation and nuclear inclusions were observed. in infected endothelial cells lysosome containing viral nucleocapsids were seen. the e ... | 1990 | 2270738 |
| [susceptibility to measles in the adolescent population of the federal district]. | it is well known that in developing countries, measles disease is frequently increasing among adolescents. in mexico, it is also thought that this problem is moving in such a way; however, this can not be proven with the statistical information at hand. for this reason a serum-survey was carried out in a sample of 870 healthy teenagers drawn from public and private secondary schools in mexico city, in order to know if they were susceptible to measles disease and in that way make the right decisi ... | 1990 | 2271126 |
| evidence that circulating lymphocytes act as vehicles or viraemia in measles. | previously described giant multinucleated cells were observed in phytohaemagglutinin (pha) cultures of leucocytes from blood samples of 17 (36%) out of 47 children with measles or undiagnosed fever in ibadan. the giant cells were more readily seen in pha cultures of purified lymphocyte preparations than in total leucocyte suspensions. it was concluded that the observation indicates in vivo infection of some blood lymphocytes of patients with measles and related infections by syncitium producing ... | 1990 | 2271420 |
| further-attenuated measles vaccine: virus passages affect viral surface protein expression, immunogenicity and histopathology pattern in vivo. | measles vaccine viruses leningrad-16 (l-16) and moscow-5 (m-5, an l-16-derived clonal variant), at passage levels used for vaccination and after ten further low-multiplicity passages on quail embryo (qe) cells, were compared for (1) immunogenicity, (2) histopathological lesions induced in vivo and (3) surface protein expression within infected cells and on the virion surface. at the 10th passage, viruses evoked a poorer neutralizing antibody response in guinea pigs, induced an earlier appearance ... | 1990 | 2277869 |
| applications of magnetic beads with covalently attached oligonucleotides in hybridization: isolation and detection of specific measles virus mrna from a crude cell lysate. | a novel, rapid, one-step isolation procedure utilizing oligonucleotides end-attached to magnetic beads (dynabeads) has been developed. the beads and their captured target nucleic acids were separated after 2 h from the hybridization solution using an external magnet. this procedure was used to isolate measles virus hemagglutinin (h) mrna from infected cells dissolved in 5 m guanidine thiocyanate. the yield of the specific, undegraded h-mrna was found to be near the estimated total amount of h-mr ... | 1990 | 2278389 |
| development and evaluation of the td97 measles virus vaccine. | the td97 strain vaccine virus was prepared from the tanabe strain measles virus by low-temperature passages in primary cell cultures and ultraviolet (uv) mutagenesis. the td97 strain exhibited the following characteristics: highly temperature sensitive, neither multiplying nor forming any plaques at 40 degrees c in vero cells; genetically stable, maintaining high temperature sensitivity after ten successive passages in ce cells at 30 degrees c or 35 degrees c; and m proteins of this virus about ... | 1990 | 2280260 |
| measles vaccine. | administration of measles vaccine has sharply reduced the occurrence of measles. however, "mini epidemics" occurring at increasing intervals through 1989 brought about the need for a routine two-dose schedule of measles vaccination. the prevention of preschool cases and school-based cases are two major goals of this new schedule. a two-dose schedule will address the latter goal, however, it will not affect the more difficult problem of measles among preschoolers, a group with lower immunization ... | 1990 | 2280989 |
| the detection of simian retroviruses in the field. | | 1990 | 2282985 |
| the iscom: an immunostimulating system. | to make purified antigens highly immunogenic, they have to be presented in several copies in the form of a microscopic or submicroscopic particle. this is the case, regardless of whether the antigens are obtained by isolation from conventional microorganisms, or from gene-manipulated cells, or synthesized. in the iscom, the antigens are attached as multimers to a 40-nm cage-like particle with a built-in adjuvant. the antigens in iscoms are rapidly transported from the injection site to the drain ... | 1990 | 2283159 |
| wide occurrence of measles virus subgenomic rnas in attenuated live-virus vaccines. | nine measles vaccine preparations, including four different viral strains, provided by eight different manufacturers were analysed by northern blot for the nature of their nucleocapsid rnas. out of nine preparations, six were shown to contain subgenomic rnas, along with the full length genomic rna. presence or absence of the subgenomic rnas correlated strictly with the viral strains used. the role of the defective interfering particles in measles virus vaccine attenuation, and in its seroconvers ... | 1990 | 2285505 |
| [the combined measles-yellow fever vaccination in african infants aged 6 to 10 months]. | the compared tolerance and immunogenicity of vaccines against yellow fever and measles, separately administered or combined, have been evaluated in a group of 319 children from north cameroon, aged 6-10 months. the clinical tolerance was excellent for both the isolated and the combined vaccines. the seroconversion level is higher after administration of the combined vaccine: 89.9% against 83.5% for measles, 95.8% against 92.6% for yellow fever, but these results are not significantly different. ... | 1990 | 2286007 |
| prevalence of placentally transmitted antibodies for measles in infants 3 to 11 months old in an urban slum community. | upto 35% of infants aged between 6 and 11 months are infected with measles in india with its associated high morbidity and mortality. the objective of the study is to know the waning pattern of placentally transmitted antibodies (pta) for measles so that the age at which children are likely to become susceptible to measles infection could be identified. a cross-sectional serological survey of children aged 3 to 11 months in one of the integrated child development service (icds) area in madras ci ... | 1990 | 2286435 |
| measles and rubella antibodies in patients with chronic liver disease. | | 1990 | 2290032 |
| measles virus-specific immunoglobulin d antibody in cerebrospinal fluid and serum from patients with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis and multiple sclerosis. | quantitation of measles-specific immunoglobulin d (igd) antibody was carried out in cerebrospinal fluid (csf) and serum samples from 18 patients with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (sspe), 12 patients with multiple sclerosis (ms) and seven normal controls with high measles antibody titers in serum, using polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies specific for human igd and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. measles-specific igd activity was significantly higher in csf and serum from sspe patients ... | 1990 | 2294143 |
| antibody-induced restriction of viral gene expression in measles encephalitis in rats. | after infection with the neurotropic cam/rbh measles virus (mv) strain, newborn lewis rats succumb to an acute necrotizing encephalopathy. passive transfer of neutralizing monoclonal antibodies directed against mv hemagglutinin prevented this disease process. instead, either an antibody-induced acute or subacute measles encephalitis developed after a prolonged incubation period with a restricted expression of mv structural proteins. the molecular biological analysis of mv gene expression in brai ... | 1990 | 2296081 |
| infectious measles virus from cloned cdna. | the study of measles virus (mv) and of negative strand rna viruses in general has been hampered by the lack of an experimental system for genetic manipulation. here we describe a procedure for generating infectious mv from cloned mv cdna. first we assembled a genetically marked dna copy of the mv genome in plasmids, under the control of phage t3 or t7 promoters, allowing production of transcripts almost identical to the mv genome or antigenome. incubation of these linearized plasmid dnas with th ... | 1990 | 2303032 |
| immunization of six-month-old infants with different doses of edmonston-zagreb and schwarz measles vaccines. | because measles causes an estimated 2 million deaths per year among children in developing countries, including a substantial proportion of infants less than nine months old--the age at which vaccination is recommended--there has been interest in using different strains of vaccine and higher doses to achieve immunization of younger infants. we conducted a randomized trial of three different doses of edmonston-zagreb and of schwarz measles vaccines in infants to evaluate the effect of the strain ... | 1990 | 2304505 |
| effect of drugs which inhibit cholesterol synthesis on syncytia formation in vero cells infected with measles virus. | we found that nontoxic doses of two inhibitors of cholesterol synthesis, namely w-7 and cerulenin, delayed syncytia formation in vero cells infected with measles virus. to correlate syncytia formation and lipidic membrane changes induced by these drugs, we labelled cell lipids with [14c]acetate. measles virus infection increased the incorporation of radiolabel into fatty acids, triacylglycerol, cholesterol ester, and decreased its incorporation into cholesterol and 1,2-diacylglycerol. the ratios ... | 1990 | 2306487 |
| high incidence of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis in south india. | during 1983-7 a clinical diagnosis of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (sspe) was confirmed by the detection of measles virus haemagglutination inhibiting antibody in the cerebrospinal fluid (csf) in 81 subjects resident in tamilnadu. the antibody titre (reciprocol of the end-point dilution) in the csf ranged from 2 to 32 and in the sera from 8 to 2048. the csf:serum ratios of titres were 1:4-1:64 in 80 cases and 1:128 in one case. the median age at onset of sspe was 10 years and 97% of cases ... | 1990 | 2307182 |
| intracellular processing, glycosylation, and cell-surface expression of the measles virus fusion protein (f) encoded by a recombinant adenovirus. | the membrane fusion protein of measles virus (mvf) is a surface glycoprotein which is essential for initiation of viral infection. the f protein mediates penetration of the host cell through a process of membrane fusion between the viral envelope and the host cell plasma membrane. to study the structure-function relationship of the mvf protein, a recombinant adenovirus, ad5mvf, was constructed which expressed the f protein in mammalian cells. the mvf gene was inserted into the ad5 genome by homo ... | 1990 | 2309445 |
| measles virus polypeptide-specific antibody profile in multiple sclerosis. | elevated antibody (ab) titers to measles virus (mv) is a frequent finding in ms. although mv-abs are synthesized intrathecally, it is not known whether this is due to polyclonal activation of b cells recruited from the blood, recognition of mv antigens within the cns, or cross-reactivity with myelin antigens. this study examined these possibilities using purified mv polypeptides. we examined ab reactivity to each polypeptide in serum and csf from 21 ms patients, 5 with subacute sclerosing panenc ... | 1990 | 2314583 |
| immunological studies in tropical spastic paraparesis. | tropical spastic paraparesis (tsp) and other chronic-progressive myelopathies have been clearly associated with increased serum and cerebrospinal fluid antibody titers to human t-lymphotropic virus type i (htlv-i). however, little is known about the cellular immune function in tsp. in the present study, activated t lymphocytes were found in the peripheral blood of patients with tsp. specifically, there were increased numbers of large cd3+ cells that also expressed hla-dr and interleukin-2-recept ... | 1990 | 2317010 |
| identification of interferon-resistant subpopulations in several strains of measles virus: positive selection by growth of the virus in brain tissue. | subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (sspe) is a chronic and usually fatal central nervous system disease caused by a persistent infection with measles virus. the pathogenic mechanisms of the disease are poorly understood, but restricted expression of viral antigens within the infected tissue appears to be involved. we have previously proposed that interferon (ifn) plays a role in the pathogenesis of sspe by interacting with viral subpopulations that are relatively resistant to ifn-mediated inhib ... | 1990 | 2319647 |
| spontaneous proliferation of peripheral mononuclear cells in natural measles virus infection: identification of dividing cells and correlation with mitogen responsiveness. | spontaneous proliferation of peripheral mononuclear cells is pronounced following measles virus infection at a time when patients mount effective humoral and cell-mediated immune responses and manifest a range of poorly understood immunologic abnormalities. we found spontaneous activity (measles 8000 +/- 1200 cpm vs control 1900 +/- 350 cpm; p less than 0.05) to wax and wane abruptly during the first week after the rash in parallel with expression of the lymphocyte activation marker okt10. at pe ... | 1990 | 2323109 |
| host cell proteins required for measles virus reproduction. | we have developed a cell-free system derived from measles virus-infected cells that supported the transcription and replication of measles virus rna in vitro. the data suggest that tubulin may be required for these reactions, since an anti-beta-tubulin monoclonal antibody inhibited viral rna synthesis and the addition of purified tubulin stimulated measles virus rna synthesis in vitro. tubulin may be a subunit of the viral rna polymerase, since two different anti-tubulin antibodies, one specific ... | 1990 | 2324707 |
| sequence characterization of the membrane protein gene of paramyxovirus simian virus 5. | the complete nucleotide sequence of the membrane (m) protein gene of the paramyxovirus simian virus 5 (sv5) was determined from cdna clones of viral mrnas. the m gene boundaries were determined by (i) primer extension sequencing on m mrna; (ii) nuclease s1 analysis; and (iii) primer extension sequencing on viral genomic rna. the m gene mrna consisted of 1371 templated nucleotides. it contains a single large open reading frame that can encode a protein of 377 amino acids with a predicted mr = 42, ... | 1990 | 2330672 |
| [the role of consultative offices on immunoprophylaxis in organizing epidemiologic surveillance of measles]. | | 1990 | 2330697 |
| (avid) rosette-forming cells as evidence for cellular immunity following measles virus vaccination in monkeys: correlation with the presence of haemagglutination inhibitory antibodies. | lymphocytes characterized by in vitro rosette formation with sheep erythrocytes were enumerated in blood of normal and measles virus-vaccinated monkeys. rosetting lymphocyte counts increased significantly as a result of vaccination. concomitantly, hai-antibody, undetectable before vaccination, became detectable, suggesting that the simple and inexpensive technique of enumerating rosetting lymphocytes can be used as an alternative to other more cumbersome and expensive methods for evaluation of d ... | 1990 | 2344175 |
| sero-epidemiology of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis in delhi. | between 1986 and early 1989, 47 patients of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (sspe) were referred to the national institute of communicable diseases, delhi from different hospitals of delhi. they were 40 (87%) males and 7 (13%) females. the age at onset of illness ranged from 4 to 18 yr. thirty (63.9%) patients gave history of measles attack in the first two years of life. all but one patient gave a past history of measles attack. only one patient gave history of measles immunization. the tit ... | 1990 | 2345035 |
| the role of the 5' nontranslated regions of the fusion protein mrnas of canine distemper virus and rinderpest virus. | the mrnas which code for the fusion proteins of the morbilliviruses (measles virus, canine distemper virus, and rinderpest virus) have unusually long 5' untranslated regions (utrs) which are gc-rich and are capable of folding into extensive secondary structures. in measles virus the first aug codons in the fusion (f) protein mrna are in close proximity at nucleotide positions 574 and 583 and protein translation is initiated at the second position. in the canine distemper virus (cdv) and rinderpe ... | 1990 | 2353458 |
| stability of the nucleotide sequence of the phosphoprotein gene of measles virus during lytic infections. | three clones with cdna inserts encoding large portions of the measles virus phosphoprotein mrna were characterized and compared with a previously published sequence of the edmonston strain of measles virus. the two cloned viruses were separated by more than 100 passages. only one out of 1477 nucleotides differed in the two sequences reflecting a very low mutation rate of the phosphoprotein gene during dilute lytic passages. the discovery that a third reading frame in the phosphoprotein gene may ... | 1990 | 2354052 |
| [serodiagnosis of measles]. | | 1990 | 2355554 |
| aberrant igg subclass distribution to measles in healthy seropositive individuals, in patients with sspe and in immunoglobulin-deficient patients. | sera from healthy seropositive donors, patients with acute measles, subacute sclerosing panencephalitis, common variable immunodeficiency, and ch gene deletions were analysed for anti-measles igg1-4. compared with other anti-viral immune responses of igg1 and igg3, an unusual predominance of specific igg1 prevailed; only four out of a total of 68 patients showed anti-measles igg3. of the 17 healthy, measles seropositive serum donors, all showed specific igg1, none showed igg3 and six had igg4. e ... | 1990 | 2357847 |
| cytopathic effects of measles virus on the human intestinal mucosa. | we reported a case of measles with diarrhea in an infant. capsule biopsy samples of intestinal mucosa taken 14 days after onset of fever was damaged and had low disaccharidase activities. virus particles were found in the damaged villous cell. second intestinal mucosa biopsy samples taken 28 days after onset of fever was found to be normal in structure, but lactase and sucrase activities were still low. mucosal damage by virus particles was the cause of diarrhea in our infant. | 1990 | 2358987 |
| relation between susceptibility to rubellavirus infection in pregnant women and decreased immune responsiveness. | | 1990 | 2363297 |
| the murine situs inversus viscerum (iv) gene responsible for visceral asymmetry is linked tightly to the igh-c cluster on chromosome 12. | the iv gene controls left-right determination during murine organogenesis. to map this gene, we analyzed backcross progeny produced by mating (c57bl/6j x mev/ty)f1-iv/+heterozygotes to c57bl/6j-iv homozygotes. hybridization of a murine ecotropic virus probe and several homeotic box gene probes coupled with analysis of dominant visible markers enabled us to exclude the iv locus from much of the mouse genome. spurred by a recent report that mapped the iv gene to mouse chromosome 12 which was not e ... | 1990 | 2365357 |
| delayed excess mortality after exposure to measles during the first six months of life. | in an urban area of guinea-bissau, 71 children exposed to measles before age 6 months had a mortality risk of 34% (95% confidence interval (cl) 24-47) between 6 and 60 months of age. the mortality risk for the 205 other children of the same birth cohort who had not been exposed to or developed measles was 11% (95% cl 9-15), a significant difference compared with exposed children. with a version of the cox regression model, maternal education was found to be the only background factor with a sign ... | 1990 | 2372002 |
| [development of passive hemagglutination assay of measles and utilization in serological diagnosis]. | the passive hemagglutination assay (pha) was developed. preparation of antigen and its stability, sensitivity and specificity was studied. the result showed that the yield of ultrasonic treated antigen is high and its titer has no change in 4 degrees c storage at least 1 month. the sensitized sheep erythrocyte with this antigen have a high specificity and sensitivity. the lysophilized blood cells could stored for a long time in 4 degrees c. a comparison of pha with hemagglutination inhibition te ... | 1990 | 2372818 |
| paget's disease of bone and previous pet ownership in the united states: dogs exonerated. | paget's disease of bone is currently believed to be the result of a paramyxovirus infection of osteoclasts. previously reported immunohistological data have suggested that a virus resembling either the measles virus or a respiratory syncytial virus is the probable causative agent, but no organism has been isolated or definitively identified to date. a recent study reporting an increased exposure to dogs during childhood and adolescence in a small series of cases from the north west of england pr ... | 1990 | 2376461 |
| immunoelectron microscopical labelling of a glycolipid in the envelopes of brain cell-derived budding viruses, semliki forest, influenza and measles, using a monoclonal antibody directed chiefly against galactocerebroside resulting from semliki forest virus infection. | neurotropic rna budding viruses such as semliki forest virus (sfv), influenza and measles were each grown in identical mouse brain cell cultures. positive immunoelectron microscopical labelling with gold was seen in the envelope of these viruses using an anti-sfv derived glycolipid monoclonal antibody (mab), 373 shown to be directed chiefly against galactocerebroside. the results indicate that each enveloped virus grown from the same cell type contains the same glycolipid in its envelope. the pr ... | 1990 | 2376758 |
| optimal age for measles and mumps vaccination in australia. | trivalent measles-mumps-rubella vaccine has recently replaced measles-mumps vaccine in australia and is recommended as a single dose at the age of 12 to 15 months, with the exception of aboriginal children in central australia who are vaccinated at 9 months. the timing of measles vaccination has been controversial not only in australia but also in the united states, where measles outbreaks continue to occur. this study aimed to determine seroconversion rates for measles-mumps vaccine in children ... | 1990 | 2381338 |
| [the duration and intensity of measles immunity after a repeat inoculation against this infection]. | controlled study lasting 6 years showed that booster immunization against measles was highly effective in children remaining seronegative, i. e. susceptible to this infection, after primary immunization: e = 97.5 +/- 0.12% (k = 35.7). annual serological examination of children given booster immunization revealed that 87.6% of initially seronegative children retained specific antihemagglutinins for 5.5 years (the term of observation). the effectiveness of booster immunization against measles did ... | 1990 | 2385988 |
| [the duration and strength of postvaccinal measles immunity]. | a prolonged immunoepidemiological follow-up of a large group of children immunized against measles revealed a high epidemiological efficacy of a single vaccination. cases of measles were registered only among those vaccinees in whose blood sera no specific hemagglutinins were detectable by titration with 4 hemagglutinating units of measles antigen prior to the disease. the study showed that groups of children seronegative with respect to measles appeared, as a rule, after unsatisfactory immuniza ... | 1990 | 2386001 |
| adoptive transfer of viable motheaten humoral autoimmunity in cyclophosphamide-immunodepressed beige recipient mice. | cyclophosphamide-pretreated homozygous c57bl/6 beige mice (b6 bg) were used as recipients for the transfer of lymphoid cells either of short-living autoimmune homozygous b6 'viable motheaten' mice (b6 mev) or of normal b6 mice (b6+) or b6 bg mice as controls. the grafts had no incidence on the survival of the recipients, whatever protocol used. the [mev----bg] chimeras did not develop the mev external phenotype, but there was a transfer of humoral autoimmunity. compared to control compared to co ... | 1990 | 2394466 |
| astrocytosis and cathepsin d activity in experimental measles encephalomyelitis. | the temporal relationship between the activity of cathepsin d (cd), the major brain acid proteinase, inflammatory cell infiltration and reactive astrocytosis was examined in a hamster model of measles virus infection of the central nervous system. twenty-five day old hamsters were inoculated intracerebrally with the hbs strain of measles virus and sacrificed 6, 10, and 16 days later. mean cd levels in aqueous extracts of infected brain were significantly elevated on days 10 and 16 compared to co ... | 1990 | 2395506 |
| contribution of measles virus fusion protein in protective immunity: anti-f monoclonal antibodies neutralize virus infectivity and protect mice against challenge. | to study the contribution of the measles virus fusion (f) protein in the immune response, anti-f monoclonal antibodies were prepared by using a vaccinia-measles virus f recombinant. in contrast to previously described anti-f monoclonal antibodies, these antibodies not only neutralized virus infectivity and inhibited fusion but also passively protected mice. since these monoclonal antibodies recognize a configurational epitope, presentation of the antigen during infection may play an important ro ... | 1990 | 2398539 |
| cloning of the matrix gene of measles virus (hallé strain). | | 1990 | 2402450 |
| molecular analysis of structural protein genes of the yamagata-1 strain of defective subacute sclerosing panencephalitis virus. iii. nucleotide sequence of the hemagglutinin gene. | the full-length cdna corresponding to the mrna for the hemagglutinin (h) protein of the yamagata-1 strain of the subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (sspe) virus was cloned and the nucleotide sequence was determined. the mrna corresponding to the h protein was composed of 1952 nucleotides and contained a single large open reading frame, which encoded 620 amino acids with a predicted molecular weight of 69,723. this cdna clone expressed the h protein in cos 7 cells, and the transfected cells show ... | 1990 | 2402882 |
| [characteristics of cell cultures persistently infected with the measles virus]. | | 1985 | 2408381 |
| is rinderpest virus the archevirus of the morbillivirus genus? | groups of 6-39 monoclonal antibodies identifying 3-18 distinct epitopes on the nucleoprotein (np), polymerase (p), hemagglutinin (h; equivalent in canine distemper and rinderpest viruses), and fusion (f) components of measles and canine distemper viruses were characterized in immunofluorescence tests with fixed vero cell cultures infected with measles, canine distemper and rinderpest viruses. the majority of np-specific monoclonal antibodies reacted with all three viruses, but one-third of the a ... | 1985 | 2409055 |
| separating the factors in measles vaccine failure. | three possible reasons for failure of measles vaccine were identified as follows: (a) circulating maternal antibodies, (b) administration of non-viable vaccine, and (c) misdiagnosis. a study designed to test the role played by each of these in the high measles vaccine failure rate was carried out at the oguntolu street clinic, lagos, from october 1982 to february 1983. failure to seroconvert was the cause of 67.7% of measles vaccine failure, particularly at ages 6-7 months, though this was not a ... | 1985 | 2409903 |
| a double labeling technique for performing immunocytochemistry and in situ hybridization in virus infected cell cultures and tissues. | this report describes a combined immunocytochemical and in situ hybridization procedure which allows visualization of cellular or viral antigens and viral rna in the same cell. cultures infected with visna or measles virus were fixed in periodate-lysine-paraformaldehyde-glutaraldehyde, stained by the avidin-biotin-peroxidase technique using antibodies to viral or cellular proteins and then incubated with radiolabeled specific dna probes (in situ hybridization). the immunoperoxidase stain was pre ... | 1985 | 2410442 |
| leukocytes from multiple sclerosis patients respond to alpha- and gamma-interferons. | blood mononuclear leukocytes from multiple sclerosis (ms) patients were evaluated for reactivity to alpha- or gamma-interferon (ifn), using a response whereby ifn-treated (primed) cells synthesize higher levels of ifn than untreated cells. leukocytes were treated in vitro with natural alpha-ifn, recombinant alpha-ifn, recombinant gamma-ifn, or no ifn, then exposed to measles virus to induce ifn synthesis. with no ifn treatment, ifn production by cells from the ms patients was significantly less ... | 1985 | 2410451 |
| characterization of major structural proteins of measles virus with monoclonal antibodies. | we have prepared and characterized monoclonal antibodies against five major structural proteins, i.e. the ha, p, np, f and m proteins, of measles virus. at least three non-overlapping antigenic sites were delineated on the ha protein, three on the p, four on the np, four on the f and five on the m proteins by competitive binding assays. antigenic sites on the ha and f proteins roughly represented functional domains defined by serological tests. the reactivity of monoclonal antibodies with variou ... | 1985 | 2410551 |
| impaired measles virus-specific cytotoxic t cell responses in multiple sclerosis. | to assess whether an virus-specific immune defect may be associated with multiple sclerosis (ms), we have examined the ability to generate measles virus-and influenza virus-specific cytotoxic t cells (ctl) in patients with ms, normal individuals, and other disease controls (odc). the mean (+/- sem) measles virus-specific ctl response for normal individuals and odc was 26.9 +/- 2.9% (n = 17) and 26.7 +/- 2.8% (n = 13) specific lysis, respectively. in contrast, the capacity of ms patients to gener ... | 1985 | 2411841 |
| viral infection of vascular endothelial cells alters production of colony-stimulating activity. | viral infections in humans are frequently associated with granulocytopenia and/or granulocytosis. such changes in myelopoiesis could result from infection of the granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming cell (cfc-gm) or changes in the production of colony-stimulating activity (csa). endothelial cells are a known source of csa and may be transiently or persistently infected during a number of viral infections, including infection with herpes simplex virus type i (hsv-i) and measles virus. therefore, ... | 1985 | 2414319 |
| correlation between epitopes on hemagglutinin of measles virus and biological activities: passive protection by monoclonal antibodies is related to their hemagglutination inhibiting activity. | measles virus monoclonal antibodies (moabs) were used to investigate the structure of the hemagglutinin (h) antigen, in order to study the regions of the molecule implicated in protection. using a competition binding assay, three overlapping domains were defined, and these have been correlated with the biological activities of their corresponding moab. all of the anti-h moabs, with a single exception, neutralized virus infectivity in vitro. we investigated their capacity in passive protection us ... | 1985 | 2414919 |
| antigen mimicry involving measles virus hemagglutinin and human respiratory syncytial virus nucleoprotein. | intergenic antigenic relationships between measles virus and respiratory syncytial (rs) virus-specific structural components were studied by using monoclonal antibodies. of 75 monoclonal antibodies against these components, only one, an anti-measles virus hemagglutinin monoclonal antibody, cross-reacted. immunofluorescence analysis of measles virus- and rs virus-infected cells with this monoclonal antibody showed qualitatively different staining patterns which indicated that the antigen involved ... | 1986 | 2416956 |
| the anticholinergic anti-parkinson drug norakin selectively inhibits influenza virus replication. | | 1985 | 2417553 |
| the pathogenesis of slow virus infections: molecular analyses. | slow infections raise some novel issues in understanding the pathogenesis of viral diseases that have been increasingly addressed at the molecular level with in situ hybridization. these developments are reviewed as the framework for discussion of the realized and potential impact of these investigations for major neurological afflictions of humans and for aids. | 1986 | 2419455 |
| [concentration and purification of the measles virus using a 2-phase system of water-soluble polymers]. | a number of two-phase aqueous polymers based on dextran (mol. w. 500) and polyethylene glycol (mol. w. 1000, 4000, 6000) was studied. the two-step distribution of virus-containing tissue culture fluid in these systems was found to result in significant purification of measles virus from protein admixtures. the degree of virus purification was shown to depend on ratios of volumes and molecular weights of the polymers. | 1985 | 2420073 |
| [use of the passive hemagglutination test for determining immunity to the measles virus]. | | 1986 | 2421091 |
| intrathecal interferon in subacute sclerosing panencephalitis. | five patients with clinically advanced subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (sspe) were given human leukocyte interferon (ifn) by the lumbar route, 1 million iu every other day for a total of 30 days. intrathecal ifn produced a meningeal inflammatory reaction in all patients and was associated with transient hemiparesis in 1. it persisted in the cerebrospinal fluid at measurable levels for 48 hours after a single injection. although improvement was temporally related to intrathecal ifn in 1 patie ... | 1986 | 2421637 |
| cyclophosphamide and dimethyl dioctadecyl ammonium bromide immunopotentiate the delayed-type hypersensitivity response to inactivated enveloped viruses. | immunization of balb/c mice with measles virus inactivated with beta-propiolactone and mixed with 100 micrograms of the cationic surface-active lipid dimethyl dioctadecyl ammonium bromide (dda) primes for a strong virus-specific delayed-type hypersensitivity (dth) response that peaks 1 week later. optimal immunization and challenge doses were found to be 8 and 4 micrograms/mouse, respectively, and pretreatment with 200 mg of cyclophosphamide/kg 2 days prior to immunization significantly enhanced ... | 1986 | 2423444 |
| characterization of epitopes on the measles virus hemagglutinin. | measles virus hemagglutinin epitopes were analyzed using nine monoclonal antibodies (mabs) in competitive binding assays (cba) and by in vitro selection of antigenic variants. in cba the nine mabs formed four different but partially overlapping binding groups. in vitro selected variants were analyzed by radioimmune precipitation assay, hemagglutination inhibition (hi), and neutralization assays. seven operationally distinct mab antigenic sites could be delineated: two sites were defined by two m ... | 1986 | 2424173 |
| detection of antigen in immune precipitates by silver staining of sds-polyacrylamide gels. | the silver staining technique of merril et al. (1981) was used to identify antigens separated by sds-page after dissociation of immune complexes purified by absorption with staphylococcus a protein. the five and four dominating structural components of measles and rs virus (mr range 28,000 to 79,000) respectively precipitated with monoclonal antibodies were readily identified, except when the mr of the virus-specific antigen was in the same range as immunoglobulin heavy and light chains. specifi ... | 1986 | 2424925 |
| characterization of antigen-specific t cells in multiple sclerosis twins with elevated proliferative responses to measles virus. | the proliferative response to measles virus in normal individuals is low compared with the response to mumps virus. this is probably due to a low precursor frequency of okt4+, il 2-secreting helper cells. the presence of a measles high-responder state has previously been identified in some twin individuals with multiple sclerosis. further characterization of the measles response in these high-responder individuals has demonstrated that the enhanced measles responses are due to a greater response ... | 1986 | 2424972 |
| the antigenic relationship between measles, canine distemper and rinderpest viruses studied with monoclonal antibodies. | monoclonal antibodies (mabs) were used to delineate the antigenic relationship between the three morbillivirus types: measles virus (mv), canine distemper virus (cdv) and rinderpest virus (rpv). panels of six to 31 mabs against the haemagglutinin (h), fusion (f), nucleocapsid protein (np), phosphoprotein (p) and matrix (m) proteins of mv and the h, f, np and p proteins of cdv were employed. nine strains of mv, three strains of cdv and four strains of rpv were examined by radioimmunoprecipitation ... | 1986 | 2425047 |
| protective effect of measles virus inoculation on subacute sclerosing panencephalitis virus-infected mice. | the biken strain of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (sspe) virus caused a fatal neurologic disease in adult mice after intracerebral inoculation. however, the mice were completely protected from the disease when a high dose of measles virus was given intracerebrally after the sspe virus infection. the measles virus inoculation induced interferon production and immune responses. an experiment with athymic nude mice showed that interferon and anti-measles antibody were able to prolong the incu ... | 1986 | 2425226 |
| augmented antibody response to live attenuated measles vaccine in children with plasmodium falciparum parasitaemia. | the impact of malarial infection on the humoral immunological response to measles virus antigen was studied in 184 children aged 8-19 months in guinea-bissau. pre- and post-immunization measles serology was performed using dried blood on absorbent paper and the elisa technique. blood smears obtained at the time of vaccination and 2 and 4 weeks afterwards were examined for malaria parasites. pre-vaccination antibodies to measles were found in 44 out of 184 children (24%). plasmodium falciparum wa ... | 1986 | 2425725 |
| virus-related pathology: is the continued presence of the virus necessary? | | 1986 | 2428215 |
| measles pneumonia: lung puncture findings in 56 cases related to chest x-ray changes and clinical features. | fifty-six african children with pneumonia following measles were investigated. lung puncture identified bacteria by culture or countercurrent immune electrophoresis in 38% and blood culture with blood countercurrent immune electrophoresis (cie) identified a further 17%, a bacterial diagnosis being made in a total 55%. pneumococcus was the most common organism found, occurring in 30% of all measles pneumonias. more severe changes on chest x-ray at presentation were associated with higher rates of ... | 1986 | 2428292 |
| polypeptide specificities of measles virus-reactive t cell lines and clones derived from a patient with multiple sclerosis. | eleven cloned and uncloned measles virus-specific t cell lines were generated from peripheral blood lymphocytes obtained from a patient with multiple sclerosis and were assayed for measles polypeptide specificity. three clones reacted specifically with the fusion (f) protein and one recognized the hemagglutinin (ha). two reacted with whole virus but not with any of the purified proteins. five cell lines proliferated in response to multiple measles polypeptides. the addition of anti-ha or anti-f ... | 1986 | 2428863 |
| [rna analysis of the measles virus in a human cell culture of the chronic infection]. | synthesis of virus-specific rnas in human hep-2 and l-41 cells chronically infected with measles virus was studied in comparison with synthesis of viral rna in acutely infected l-41 cells. the rna, a component of rnp isolated from chronically infected cells, was shown to be represented mainly by "minus" chains and to contain 23-25% "plus"-rna. it was demonstrated by blotting hybridization that 1 species of genomic rna with a molecular weight of 5 megadaltons was synthesized in acute infection wh ... | 1986 | 2429450 |
| [effect of elevated temperature on the persistence of measles virus vaccinal strain l-16 in a human cell culture]. | the influence of high temperature (40 degrees c) on the virus carrier state and synthesis of virus-specific macromolecules in the hep-2 cells--measles virus system was studied. the fluorescent antibody technique showed that cultivation at this high temperature led to changes in virus antigen morphology, a decrease in the number and then complete disappearance of the cells producing virus-specific antigen. simultaneously, gradual cessation of synthesis of all kinds of virus-specific rna was obser ... | 1986 | 2429454 |
| analogous amino acid sequences in myelin proteolipid and viral proteins. | computer analysis of the intrinsic membrane protein, myelin proteolipid, shows strong sequence similarities between the putative extramembrane segments of the proteolipid protein and a number of viral proteins, several of which infect humans. these similarities are even more striking than those reported previously between viral proteins and the encephalitogenic myelin basic protein (mbp). these findings, along with other reports of molecular mimicry by viruses, suggest that immunological cross-r ... | 1986 | 2429866 |
| substance p, a neuropeptide, inhibits measles virus replication in cell culture. | substance p, a neuropeptide of the tachykinin group, inhibits measles virus replication in cell culture and partially blocks viral fusion activity assayed in the haemolysis system. the id50 for the inhibition of measles virus single-cycle replication is 0.6 mumol/l, and the effect is fully reversible. the antiviral activity of substance p corresponds to that of previously described synthetic tri-to heptapeptides. tachykinins and these oligopeptides share a short homology with the n-terminus of p ... | 1986 | 2431610 |
| [characteristics of the ribonucleoprotein of the measles virus persisting in a human cell culture]. | the properties of virus-specific rnps recovered from human hep-2 and l-41 cells chronically infected with measles virus were studied in comparison with those of rnps formed in acute infection of l-41 cells. the persisting rnp was shown to contain nucleoprotein not differing in the electrophoretic mobility from the same protein of measles virus virions, and rna in the persisting rnp was found to be insensitive to the action of rn-ase. rnp from chronically infected cells had a changed ultrastructu ... | 1986 | 2432728 |