| mortalin restricts porcine epidemic diarrhea virus entry by downregulating clathrin-mediated endocytosis. | clathrin-mediated endocytosis is a mechanism used for the invasion of cells by a variety of viruses. mortalin protein is involved in a variety of cellular functions and plays a role in viral infection. in this study, we found that mortalin significantly inhibited the replication of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) through restricting virus entry. mechanistically, a biochemical interaction between the carboxyl terminus of mortalin and clathrin heavy chain (cltc) was been found, and mortalin ... | 2019 | 31767073 |
| identification and analysis of long non-coding rnas that are involved in inflammatory process in response to transmissible gastroenteritis virus infection. | transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) infection can cause acute inflammation. long noncoding rnas (lncrnas) play important roles in a number of biological process including inflammation response. however, whether lncrnas participate in tgev-induced inflammation in porcine intestinal epithelial cells (ipecs) is largely unknown. | 2019 | 31684870 |
| prevalence of enteric pathogens in diarrheic and non-diarrheic samples from pig farms with neonatal diarrhea in the north east of spain. | diarrhea is one of the major causes of neonatal mortality in pigs. in the present study, 31 pig farms with outbreaks of neonatal diarrhea were investigated in catalonia (ne spain) from february 2017 until june 2018. two hundred and fifteen diarrheic samples from 1 to 7 days old piglets were tested for a panel of enteric pathogens. in 19 of the studied farms additional fecal samples from apparently healthy pen-mates were collected and tested for the same panel of infectious agents. samples were b ... | 2019 | 31585655 |
| aminopeptidase n-null neonatal piglets are protected from transmissible gastroenteritis virus but not porcine epidemic diarrhea virus. | swine enteric diseases have caused significant economic loss and have been considered as the major threat to the global swine industry. several coronaviruses, including transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv), have been identified as the causative agents of these diseases. effective measures to control these diseases are lacking. the major host cells of transmissible gastroenteritis virus and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus have thought to be epithel ... | 2019 | 31515498 |
| efficacy and immunogenicity of a live l. acidophilus expressing sad epitope of transmissible gastroenteritis virus as an oral vaccine. | transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) causes great economic loss to swine industry worldwide. vaccination is an important method to control the tgev infection. in this study, a tgev oral vaccine was generated by transferring a eukaryotic expression recombinant plasmid carrying the sad (a and d antigenic sites of the s protein) epitope of tgev into a swine-origin lactobacillus acidophilus (l. acidophilus). in orally immunized balb/c mice, the tgev l. acidophilus oral vaccine induced signific ... | 2019 | 31507196 |
| coronavirus genomic rna packaging. | rna viruses carry out selective packaging of their genomes in a variety of ways, many involving a genomic packaging signal. the first coronavirus packaging signal was discovered nearly thirty years ago, but how it functions remains incompletely understood. this review addresses the current state of knowledge of coronavirus genome packaging, which has mainly been studied in two prototype species, mouse hepatitis virus and transmissible gastroenteritis virus. despite the progress that has been mad ... | 2019 | 31505321 |
| porcine il-12 plasmid as an adjuvant improves the cellular and humoral immune responses of dna vaccine targeting transmissible gastroenteritis virus spike gene in a mouse model. | transmissible gastroenteritis (tge), caused by transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev), is a highly infectious disease in pigs. vaccination is an effective approach to prevent tgev infection. here, we evaluated the potential of tgev s1 as a dna vaccine and porcine interleukin (pil)-12 as an adjuvant in a mouse model. a dna vaccine was constructed with the tgev s1 gene to induce immune response in an experimental mouse model; pil-12 was chosen as the immunological adjuvant within this dna vacc ... | 2019 | 31474664 |
| porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus inhibits nf-κb activity via nonstructural protein 3 to evade host immune system. | transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev), a member of the family coronaviridae, causes lethal watery diarrhea in piglets. previous studies have revealed that the coronaviruses develop various strategies to evade the host innate immunity through the inhibition of nuclear factor kappa b (nf-κb) signaling pathway. however, the ability of tgev to inhibit the host innate immune response by modulating the nf-κb signaling pathway is not clear. | 2019 | 31382996 |
| comparative evaluation of enteric bacterial culture and a molecular multiplex syndromic panel in children with acute gastroenteritis. | although enteric multianalyte syndromic panels are increasingly employed, direct comparisons with traditional methods and the inclusion of host phenotype correlations are limited. luminex xtag gastrointestinal pathogen panel (gpp) and culture results are highly concordant. however, phenotypic and microbiological confirmatory testing raises concerns regarding the accuracy of the gpp, especially for salmonella spp. a total of 3,089 children with gastroenteritis submitted stool specimens, rectal sw ... | 2019 | 30971465 |
| cholesterol 25-hydroxylase negatively regulates porcine intestinal coronavirus replication by the production of 25-hydroxycholesterol. | cholesterol 25-hydroxylase (ch25h) has been shown lately to be a host restriction factor that encodes an enzyme, which catalyzes the oxidized form of cholesterol to 25-hydroxycholesterol (25hc). a series of studies have shown that 25hc activity in hosts plays a vital role in inhibiting viral infection. in this study, we explored the antiviral effect of ch25h and 25hc on porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv), which causes high mortality rates in newborn piglets with severe diarrhea, and consider ... | 2019 | 30955800 |
| multiplex detection of six swine viruses on an integrated centrifugal disk using loop-mediated isothermal amplification. | advances in molecular testing and microfluidic technologies have opened new avenues for rapid detection of animal viruses. we used a centrifugal microfluidic disk (cmfd) to detect 6 important swine viruses, including foot-and-mouth disease virus, classical swine fever virus, porcine reproductive and respiratory swine virus-north american genotype, porcine circovirus 2, pseudorabies virus, and porcine parvovirus. through integrating the loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) method and mic ... | 2019 | 30947641 |
| pigment visibility on rectal swabs used to detect enteropathogens: a prospective cohort study. | data are lacking regarding the impact of visible pigment on rectal swab diagnostic accuracy. we describe the test characteristics of rectal swabs with and without pigment in children with gastroenteritis. between december 2014 and september 2017, children (age, <18 years) with ≥3 episodes of vomiting and/or diarrhea in a 24-h period and symptoms for <7 days were enrolled through two pediatric emergency departments and from a province-wide nursing telephone advice line in alberta, canada. specime ... | 2019 | 30944189 |
| glass wool concentration optimization for the detection of enveloped and non-enveloped waterborne viruses. | an extremely affordable virus concentration method based on adsorption-elution to glass wool and subsequent reconcentration through polyethylene glycol 6000 (peg) precipitation was optimized to recover not only non-enveloped viruses but also enveloped viruses. hepatitis a virus (hav) and transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) were employed as surrogates for naked and enveloped viruses, respectively, to set up the methodology. initial experimentation in small-volume samples showed that both t ... | 2019 | 30903596 |
| simultaneous detection of five pig viruses associated with enteric disease in pigs using evagreen real-time pcr combined with melting curve analysis. | in recent years, a series of porcine diarrhea viruses such as porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv), transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev), rotaviruses of group a (rva), rotaviruses of group c (rvc), and porcine circovirus 2 (pcv2) caused enormous economic losses all over the world. while any of these viruses is capable to cause disease alone, there is often concurrent infection with more than one virus on pig farms. in this study, a multiplex real-time pcr method based on evagreen fluores ... | 2019 | 30844408 |
| construction and characterization of porcine single-chain fragment variable antibodies that neutralize transmissible gastroenteritis virus in vitro. | transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) infection causes severe diarrhea in piglets and imposes a significant economic burden on pig farms. single-chain fragment variable (scfv) antibodies effectively inhibit virus infection and could be a potential therapeutic reagent for preventing disease. in this study, a recombinant scfv antibody phage display library was constructed from peripheral blood lymphocytes of piglets infected with tgev. the library was screened with four rounds of biopanning u ... | 2019 | 30729994 |
| molecular characteristics of a novel recombinant of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus. | porcine epidemic diarrhea (ped) is a contagious viral disease in pigs, caused by the coronavirus porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv). pedv infection results in significant mortality in piglets in unvaccinated herds. like many others rna viruses, pedv has high evolutionary rate and is prone to genetic mutations. in this study, we analyzed the complete genome sequence of the recently sequenced isolate pedv/belgorod/dom/2008. a recombination event in s gene of pedv/belgorod/dom/2008 was detected ... | 2019 | 30725181 |
| two critical n-terminal epitopes of the nucleocapsid protein contribute to the cross-reactivity between porcine epidemic diarrhea virus and porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus. | both porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus (pedv) and porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev), which cause high mortality in piglets and produce similar clinical symptoms and histopathological morphology, belong to the genus alphacoronavirus. serological diagnosis plays an important role in distinguishing pathogen species. together with the spike (s) protein, the nucleocapsid (n) protein is one of the immunodominant regions among coronaviruses. in this study, two-way antigenic cross-reacti ... | 2019 | 30652967 |
| production of porcine aminopeptidase n (papn) site-specific edited pigs. | porcine viral diarrhea is an acute and highly contagious enteric disease in pigs which causes huge economic losses in pig industry worldwide. transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) is main pathogens responsible for piglets viral diarrhea. knockout the host cellular surface receptor for tgev may be an effective way to accelerate the breeding of resistant pigs. in this study, we applied site-specific editing papn which is effective in swine testis (st) cells. site-specific editing of papn redu ... | 2019 | 30623527 |
| egfr as a negative regulatory protein adjusts the activity and mobility of nhe3 in the cell membrane of ipec-j2 cells with tgev infection. | transmissible gastroenteritis (tge) has caused devastating economic losses to the swine industry worldwide, despite extensive research focusing on the pathogenesis of virus infection. the molecular pathogenic mechanism of tgev-induced diarrhea in piglets is unknown. intestinal diarrhea is closely related to the function of the na+/h+ exchanger protein nhe3 in the brush border membrane of small intestine epithelial cells. the epidermal growth factor receptor (egfr) may act to regulate nhe3 expres ... | 2018 | 30483239 |
| molecular epidemiology and characterization of porcine adenoviruses in pigs with diarrhea in thailand. | pigs have been assumed as a source of human viral infections. surveillance of viruses in animals is essential to evaluate the risk to human and animal health and to determine economic impact. a number of studies focused mainly on well- known enteritis viruses such as porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv), transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev), and porcine group a rotavirus (prva), however, little data is available for porcine adenovirus (padv). in this study, the presence of padv was inves ... | 2019 | 30391718 |
| transferrin receptor 1 is a supplementary receptor that assists transmissible gastroenteritis virus entry into porcine intestinal epithelium. | transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev), the etiologic agent of transmissible gastroenteritis, infects swine of all ages causing vomiting and diarrhea, in newborn piglets the mortality rate is near 100%. intestinal epithelial cells are the primary target cells of tgev. transferrin receptor 1 (tfr1), which is highly expressed in piglets with anemia, may play a role in tgev infection. however, the underlying mechanism of tgev invasion remains largely unknown. | 2018 | 30342530 |
| molecular detection of enteric viruses and the genetic characterization of porcine astroviruses and sapoviruses in domestic pigs from slovakian farms. | surveillance and characterization of pig enteric viruses such as transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev), porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv), rotavirus, astrovirus (pastv), sapovirus (psav), kobuvirus and other agents is essential to evaluate the risks to animal health and determination of economic impacts on pig farming. this study reports the detection and genetic characterization of pastv, psav in healthy and diarrheic domestic pigs and pedv and tgev in diarrheic pigs of different age ... | 2018 | 30340595 |
| detection and differentiation of five diarrhea related pig viruses utilizing a multiplex pcr assay. | porcine viral diarrhea, mainly caused by porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv), transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev), porcine group a rotaviruses (rva), porcine group c rotaviruses (rvc) and porcine circovirus 2 (pcv2), is a serious global problem, resulting in substantial economic losses to the swine industry. for fast and reliable diagnosis of the causative agent associated with viral diarrhea in pigs, an inexpensive and easy to perform gel-based multiplex pcr assay was developed in thi ... | 2019 | 30336161 |
| porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus nonstructural protein 2 contributes to inflammation via nf-κb activation. | transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) infection causes acute enteritis in swine of all ages, and especially in suckling piglets. small intestinal inflammation is considered a central event in the pathogenesis of tgev infections, and nuclear factor-kappa b (nf-κb) is a key transcription factor in the inflammatory response. however, it is unclear whether nf-κb is crucial for inducing inflammation during a tgev infection. our results show that nf-κb was activated in swine testicular (st) cells ... | 2018 | 30322331 |
| resistance to coronavirus infection in amino peptidase n-deficient pigs. | the alphacoronaviruses, transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) are sources of high morbidity and mortality in neonatal pigs, a consequence of dehydration caused by the infection and necrosis of enterocytes. the biological relevance of amino peptidase n (anpep) as a putative receptor for tgev and pedv in pigs was evaluated by using crispr/cas9 to edit exon 2 of anpep resulting in a premature stop codon. knockout pigs possessing the null anpep phenoty ... | 2019 | 30315482 |
| differentially expressed non-coding rnas induced by transmissible gastroenteritis virus potentially regulate inflammation and nf-κb pathway in porcine intestinal epithelial cell line. | transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) infection can activate nf-κb pathway in porcine intestinal epithelial cells and result in severe inflammation. non-coding rnas (ncrnas) are not translated into proteins and play an important role in many biological and pathological processes such as inflammation, viral infection, and mitochondrial damage. however, whether ncrnas participate in tgev-induced inflammation in porcine intestinal epithelial cells is largely unknown. | 2018 | 30314467 |
| microrna-222 attenuates mitochondrial dysfunction during transmissible gastroenteritis virus infection. | transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) is a member of coronaviridae family. our previous research showed that tgev infection could induce mitochondrial dysfunction and upregulate mir-222 level. therefore, we presumed that mir-222 might be implicated in regulating mitochondrial dysfunction induced by tgev infection. to verify the hypothesis, the effect of mir-222 on mitochondrial dysfunction was tested and we showed that mir-222 attenuated tgev-induced mitochondrial dysfunction. to investigat ... | 2019 | 30257878 |
| p53- and ros-mediated aif pathway involved in tgev-induced apoptosis. | we previously demonstrated that transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) could induce apoptosis through caspase signaling. however, apoptosis was not completely prevented by caspases inhibitors, suggesting that there may be a caspase-independent pathway involved in tgev-induced cell apoptosis. in this study, we investigated the regulation of apoptosis-inducing factor (aif) on tgev-induced apoptotic pathway. results indicated that aif translocated from the mitochondria to nucleus during tgev in ... | 2018 | 30249935 |
| first retrospective studies with etiological confirmation of porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus infection in argentina. | in 2014, a notification of porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) was made by the national services of animal health of argentina (senasa) to the world organization of animal health (oie). the notification was based on a serological diagnosis in a small farm with a morbidity rate of 2.3% without enteric clinical signs. in order to determine if tgev was circulating before the official report, a retrospective study on cases of neonatal diarrhea was performed. the selection criteria was ... | 2018 | 30249258 |
| transmissible gastroenteritis virus infection decreases arginine uptake by downregulating cat-1 expression. | transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) is a coronavirus that causes severe diarrhea in suckling piglets. tgev primarily targets and infects porcine intestinal epithelial cells, which play an important role in nutrient absorption. however, the effects of tgev infection on nutrient absorption in swine have not yet been investigated. in this study, we evaluated the impact of tgev infection on arginine uptake using the porcine small intestinal epithelial cell line ipec-j2 as a model system. high ... | 2018 | 30236161 |
| the coronavirus transmissible gastroenteritis virus evades the type i interferon response through ire1α-mediated manipulation of the microrna mir-30a-5p/socs1/3 axis. | in host innate immunity, type i interferons (ifn-i) are major antiviral molecules, and coronaviruses have evolved diverse strategies to counter the ifn-i response during infection. transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev), a member of the alphacoronavirus family, induces endoplasmic reticulum (er) stress and significant ifn-i production after infection. however, how tgev evades the ifn-i antiviral response despite the marked induction of endogenous ifn-i has remained unclear. inositol-requirin ... | 2018 | 30185587 |
| three main inducers of alphacoronavirus infection of enterocytes: sialic acid, proteases, and low ph. | transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) are similar coronaviruses, causing diseases characterized by vomiting, diarrhea, and death from severe dehydration in piglets. thus, they have caused huge losses to the swine-breeding industry worldwide. nowadays, they are easily transmitted among the continents via vehicles, equipment, and cargo. both viruses establish an infection in porcine enterocytes in the small intestine, and their spike (s) proteins pla ... | 2018 | 30176660 |
| surfactin inhibits membrane fusion during invasion of epithelial cells by enveloped viruses. | because membrane fusion is a crucial step in the process by which enveloped viruses invade host cells, membrane fusion inhibitors can be effective drugs against enveloped viruses. we found that surfactin from bacillus subtilis can suppress the proliferation of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) and transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) in epithelial cells at a relatively low concentration range (15 to 50 μg/ml), without cytotoxicity or viral membrane disruption. membrane fusion inhibiti ... | 2018 | 30068648 |
| immune response characterization of mice immunized with lactobacillus plantarum expressing spike antigen of transmissible gastroenteritis virus. | the highly infectious porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev), which belongs to the coronaviruses (covs), causes diarrhea and high mortality rates in piglets, resulting in severe economic losses in the pork industry worldwide. in this study, we used lactobacillus plantarum (l. plantarum) to anchor the expression of tgev antigen (s) to dendritic cells (dcs) via dendritic cell-targeting peptides (dcpep). the results show that s antigen could be detected on the surface of l. plantarum by ... | 2018 | 30056514 |
| immune responses induced by recombinant lactobacillus plantarum expressing the spike protein derived from transmissible gastroenteritis virus in piglets. | transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus (tgev) is one of the most severe threats to the swine industry. in this study, we constructed a suite of recombinant lactobacillus plantarum with surface displaying the spike (s) protein coming from tgev and fused with dc cells targeting peptides (dcpep) to develop an effective, safe, and convenient vaccine against transmissible gastroenteritis. our research results found that the recombinant lactobacillus plantarum (nc8-psip409-pgsa-s-dcpep) group expre ... | 2018 | 30022263 |
| impact of tgev infection on the pig small intestine. | pig diarrhea causes high mortality and large economic losses in the swine industry. transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) causes pig diarrhea, with 100% mortality in piglets less than 2 weeks old. no investigation has yet been made of the small intestine of piglets that survived infection by tgev. | 2018 | 29914507 |
| transmissible gastroenteritis virus n protein causes endoplasmic reticulum stress, up-regulates interleukin-8 expression and its subcellular localization in the porcine intestinal epithelial cell. | this essay focuses on transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev), which is an enteropathogenic virus related to contagious and acute diseases in suckling piglets. previous literature suggests that the tgev nucleocapsid protein (n) plays a significant role in viral transcriptional process, however, there is a need to examine other functions of tgev n protein in the porcine intestinal epithelial cell (iec) which is the target cell of tgev. in the present study, we investigated the degradation, sub ... | 2018 | 29909129 |
| viral strategies for triggering and manipulating mitophagy. | viral infection causes many physiological alterations in the host cell, and many of these alterations can affect the host mitochondrial network, including mitophagy induction. a substantial amount of literature has been generated that advances our understanding of the relationship between mitophagy and several viruses. some viruses trigger mitophagy directly, and indirectly and control the mitophagic process via different strategies. this enables viruses to promote persistent infection and atten ... | 2018 | 29895192 |
| epidermal growth factor receptor is a co-factor for transmissible gastroenteritis virus entry. | transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) causes severe diarrhea and high mortality in newborn piglets. it is well established that porcine intestinal epithelium is the target of the tgev infection, however the mechanism that tgev invades the host epithelium remains largely unknown. aminopeptidase n (apn) is a known receptor of tgev. this study discovered that the extracellular receptor binding domain 1 pertaining to epidermal growth receptor (egfr) interact with tgev spike protein. apn and egf ... | 2018 | 29879540 |
| the perk arm of the unfolded protein response negatively regulates transmissible gastroenteritis virus replication by suppressing protein translation and promoting type i interferon production. | coronavirus replication is closely associated with the endoplasmic reticulum (er), the primary cellular organelle for protein synthesis, folding, and modification. er stress is a common consequence in coronavirus-infected cells. however, how the virus-induced er stress influences coronavirus replication and pathogenesis remains controversial. here, we demonstrated that infection with the alphacoronavirus transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) induced er stress and triggered the unfolded prot ... | 2018 | 29769338 |
| viral and bacterial investigations on the aetiology of recurrent pig neonatal diarrhoea cases in spain. | neonatal diarrhoea represents a major disease problem in the early stages of animal production, increasing significantly pre-weaning mortality and piglets weaned below the target weight. enteric diseases in newborn piglets are often of endemic presentation, but may also occur as outbreaks with high morbidity and mortality. the objective of this study was to assess the frequency of different pathogens involved in cases of recurrent neonatal diarrhoea in spain. | 2018 | 29632701 |
| infection, genetic and virulence characteristics of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus in northwest china. | from september 2015 to may 2016, epidemic outbreaks of a diarrheal disease caused severe economic losses to the swine industry in northwest china. typical clinical symptoms of the disease included severe diarrhea, vomiting, dehydration and death. in order to identify the pathogen, 27 intestinal samples were collected from dead piglets in shaanxi, gansu and qinghai provinces and from ningxia hui autonomous region. all samples were tested using rt-pcr to detect rotavirus (rv), porcine epidemic dia ... | 2018 | 29625238 |
| [development and application of reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification method for detection of porcine rotavirus of swine]. | we wished to establish a method for rapid and sensitive detection of reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification(rt-lamp)for the rapid and sensitive detection of porcine rotavirus (porv). according to the published porv vp7 sequences in genbank,6specific primers were designed. according to the concentrations of foward and reverse primers, bst dna polymerase, mg(2+), and dntp, reaction conditions were optimized. results revealed the concentration ratio of foward and reverse prime ... | 2016 | 30004206 |
| cloning and expression of the membrane protein gene of tgev hb06 strain. | the membrane protein gene(m) of transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) strain hb06, isolated from the feces of piglets infected with tgevon a pig farm in hebei province, was amplified by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr). the amplified pcr products of tgev hb06 were cloned, sequenced, and compared with other tgev strains genes selected from the genbank. then, the recombinant fragment in pmd18-t was subcloned into corresponding sites of prokaryotic expression vector pge ... | 2010 | 32214988 |
| studies on mucosal immunity induced by transmissible gastroenteritis virus nucleocapsid protein recombinant lactobacillus casei in mice and sow. | mucosal immunity plays an important role in protecting pigs against transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) infection. to elicit mucosal immune response against tgev, we developed a surface antigen display system using the poly-[.gamma]-glutamate synthetase a (pgsa) protein of bacillus subtilis as an anchoring matrix to express recombinant fusion proteins of pgsa and nucleocapsid protein of tgev in lactobacillus casei. surface location of fusion protein was verified by elisa and indirect immu ... | 2009 | 32288751 |
| prophylactic and therapeutic effects of egg yolk immunoglobulin against porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus in piglets. | porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) is the causative agent of acute diarrhea of newborn piglets that provokes high mortality rates in affected farms. in this study, specific immunoglobulin from egg yolk against tgev was produced by immunization of white leghorn hens. enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and virus neutralization (vn) test revealed that the specific antibody titer started to increase on the tenth day post-immunization, reached its peak on the eighth week, and r ... | 2009 | 32214986 |
| cloning and expression of nucleocapsid protein gene of tgev hb06 strain. | the nucleocapsid protein gene of transmissible gastroenteritis virus, 1 149 bp in length, was amplified by rt-pcr from isolated strain hb06 and cloned into pmd18-t. sequence comparison with other transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) strains selected from the gene bank revealed that the homology of n gene complete sequence shares more than 97% in nucleotide. n gene was cloned into bamhi and ecori multiple cloning sites of the prokaryotic expression vector pet 20 b, and named petn. after bei ... | 2007 | 32214985 |
| effects of humidity and other factors on the generation and sampling of a coronavirus aerosol. | suspensions of transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev), a porcine coronavirus, were nebulized at rates of 0.1-0.2 ml/min into moving air using a collison nebulizer or a plastic medical nebulizer operating at pressures ranging from 7 to 15 psi. the airborne viruses were collected on heating, ventilating, and air conditioning (hvac) filters in an experimental apparatus and also sampled upstream of these test filters using agi-30 and biosampler impinger samplers. to study the effects of relative ... | 2007 | 32214623 |
| inhibition of transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus (tgev) multiplication in vitro by non-immune lymphocytes. | in vitro studies were undertaken to examine the effects of non-immune porcine peripheral blood leukocytes (pbl) on a coronavirus infection due to transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev). the assay consisted of tgev-infected epithelial cells expressing viral antigens on the cell surface and producing low amounts of interferon (ifn). non-immune pbl were found to limit virus replication at an effector-to-target ratio of 100/1 even when effector cells were depleted of phagocytic cells. neutralizi ... | 2020 | 32288183 |
| production of monoclonal antibodies targeting aminopeptidase n in the porcine intestinal mucosal epithelium. | porcine aminopeptidase n (apn), a membrane-bound metallopeptidase abundantly present in small intestinal mucosa, can initiate a mucosal immune response without any interference such as low protein expression, enzyme inactivity, or structural changes. this makes apn an attractive candidate in the development of vaccines that selectively target the mucosal epithelium. previous studies have shown that apn is a receptor protein for both enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (e. coli) f4 and transmissible ... | 2021 | 34096912 |