| phylogenetic analysis of vp2 gene of canine parvovirus and comparison with indian and world isolates. | canine parvovirus (cpv) causes hemorrhagic enteritis, especially in young dogs, leading to high morbidity and mortality. it has four main antigenic types cpv-2, cpv-2a, cpv-2b and cpv-2c. virus protein 2 (vp2) is the main capsid protein and mutations affecting vp2 gene are responsible for the evolution of various antigenic types of cpv. full length vp2 gene from field isolates was amplified and cloned for sequence analysis. the sequences were submitted to the genbank and were assigned acc. nos., ... | 2016 | 26982475 |
| canine parvovirus in vaccinated dogs: a field study. | the authors report a field study that investigated the canine parvovirus (cpv) strains present in dogs that developed the disease after being vaccinated. faecal samples of 78 dogs that have been vaccinated against cpv and later presented with clinical signs suspected of parvovirus infection were used. fifty (64.1 per cent) samples tested positive by pcr for cpv. no cpv vaccine type was detected. the disease by cpv-2b occurred in older and female dogs when compared with that by cpv-2c. the clinic ... | 2016 | 26960988 |
| development of a duplex rapid assay for immunoglobulins m and g to evaluate the parvoviral immune status of clinically healthy dogs. | a duplex rapid assay for detection of serum antibodies to canine parvovirus (cpv) was developed. canine immunoglobulin (ig)m or igg were captured in immunotubes with anti-canine igm or igg and detected with parvovirus vp2 recombinant protein followed by an anti-vp2 monoclonal antibody. the assay was tested using a collection of sera from dogs that were vaccinated against cpv on arrival at an animal shelter in madrid, spain. results were compared with those of 2 commercial enzyme-linked immunosor ... | 2016 | 26951330 |
| genetic analysis of feline panleukopenia virus full-length vp2 gene in domestic cats between 2006-2008 and 2012-2014, portugal. | feline panleukopenia virus (fpv) and canine parvovirus (cpv) are two closely related viruses, which cause acute gastroenteritis in carnivores, and cats may be infected by strains of both viruses. the viruses are found worldwide and may have changing host ranges and genetic variation that can be found around the world in some cases. here, we screened a portuguese population of cats by a conventional pcr assay for the presence of fpv/cpv viruses in faecal samples and tissues between 2006-2008 and ... | 2016 | 26924760 |
| single-particle tracking shows that a point mutation in the carnivore parvovirus capsid switches binding between host-specific transferrin receptors. | determining how viruses infect new hosts via receptor-binding mechanisms is important for understanding virus emergence. we studied the binding kinetics of canine parvovirus (cpv) variants isolated from raccoons-a newly recognized cpv host-to different carnivore transferrin receptors (tfrs) using single-particle tracking. our data suggest that cpv may utilize adhesion-strengthening mechanisms during tfr binding and that a single mutation in the viral capsid at vp2 position 300 can profoundly alt ... | 2016 | 26889026 |
| promoter-targeted histone acetylation of chromatinized parvoviral genome is essential for the progress of infection. | the association of host histones with parvoviral dna is poorly understood. we analyzed the chromatinization and histone acetylation of canine parvovirus dna during infection by confocal imaging andin situproximity ligation assay combined with chromatin immunoprecipitation and high-throughput sequencing. we found that during late infection, parvovirus replication bodies were rich in histones bearing modifications characteristic of transcriptionally active chromatin, i.e., histone h3 lysine 27 ace ... | 2016 | 26842481 |
| epidemiological evolution of canine parvovirus in the portuguese domestic dog population. | since its emergence, canine parvovirus type 2 (cpv-2) has caused disease pandemics with severe gastroenteritis signs, infecting especially puppies. as a consequence of cpv rapid evolution a variety of genetic and antigenic variants have been reported circulating worldwide. the detection of additional variants of cpv circulating in the dog population in portugal suggests monitoring of the disease is useful. the objectives of this study were to further detect and characterize circulating field var ... | 2016 | 26790933 |
| canine parvovirus type 2b is the most prevalent genomic variant strain found in parvovirus antigen positive diarrheic dog feces samples across canada. | | 2016 | 26740694 |
| canine parvovirus ns1 protein exhibits anti-tumor activity in a mouse mammary tumor model. | many viral proteins have the ability to kill tumor cells specifically without harming the normal cells. these proteins, on ectopic expression, cause lysis or induction of apoptosis in the target tumor cells. parvovirus ns1 is one of such proteins, which is known to kill high proliferating tumor cells. in the present study, we assessed the apoptosis inducing ability of canine parvovirus type 2 ns1 protein (cpv2.ns1) in vitro in 4t1 cells, and found it to cause significant cell death due to induct ... | 2016 | 26739427 |
| rapid and sensitive detection of canine parvovirus type 2 by recombinase polymerase amplification. | a novel recombinase polymerase amplification (rpa)-based method for detection of canine parvovirus type 2 (cpv-2) was developed. sensitivity analysis showed that the detection limit of rpa was 10 copies of cpv-2 genomic dna. rpa amplified both cpv-2a and -2b dna but did not amplify the template of other important dog viruses (ccov, prv or cdv), demonstrating high specificity. the method was further validated with 57 canine fecal samples. an outstanding advantage of rpa is that it is an isotherma ... | 2016 | 26729477 |
| continuing evolution of canine parvovirus in china: isolation of novel variants with an ala5gly mutation in the vp2 protein. | canine parvovirus (cpv) type 2c is a new antigenic variant of cpv-2. since the year 2000 it has spread to several countries, causing severe hemorrhagic enteritis in dogs. in 2014 and 2015, 58 fecal samples were collected from dogs in beijing with suspected cpv infection. regardless of the vaccination status of the dogs, 43 samples were found positive for cpv according to pcr results; i.e., 18, 7, and 18 respectively belonged to antigenic types new cpv-2a, new cpv-2b, and cpv-2c. a phylogenetic t ... | 2016 | 26692471 |
| high-yield production of canine parvovirus virus-like particles in a baculovirus expression system. | an optimized vp2 gene from the current prevalent cpv strain (new cpv-2a) in china was expressed in a baculovirus expression system. it was found that the vp2 proteins assembled into virus-like particles (vlps) with antigenic properties similar to those of natural cpv and with an especially high hemagglutination (ha) titer (1:2(20)). dogs intramuscularly or orally immunized with vlps produced antibodies against cpv with >1:80 hemagglutination inhibition (hi) units for at least 3 months. the cpv v ... | 2016 | 26666439 |
| isolation and sequence analysis of the complete ns1 and vp2 genes of canine parvovirus from domestic dogs in 2013 and 2014 in china. | canine parvovirus (cpv) can cause severe disease in animals and continuously generates new variant and recombinant strains in dogs that have a strong impact on sanitation. it is therefore necessary to investigate epidemic cpv strains to improve our understanding of cpv transmission and epidemic behavior. however, most studies have focused on the analysis of vp2, and therefore, information about recombination and relationships between strains is still lacking. here, 14 strains of cpv were isolate ... | 2016 | 26573526 |
| canine parvovirus ns1 induced apoptosis involves mitochondria, accumulation of reactive oxygen species and activation of caspases. | the non-structural protein (ns1) of parvoviruses plays an important role in viral replication and is thought to be responsible for inducing cell death. however, the detailed mechanism and the pathways involved in canine parvovirus type 2 ns1 (cpv2.ns1) induced apoptosis are not yet known. in the present study, we report that expression of cpv2.ns1 in hela cells arrests cells in g1 phase of the cell cycle and the apoptosis is mitochondria mediated as indicated by mitochondrial depolarization, rel ... | 2016 | 26555166 |
| canine parvovirus in australia: a comparative study of reported rural and urban cases. | canine parvovirus (cpv) is a highly contagious and often fatal disease reported worldwide. outbreaks occur throughout australia, and it has been suggested that disproportionally more cpv cases occur in rural locations. however, evidence to support this suggestion-and possible reasons for such a predisposition-has not existed until now. in this study a total of 4870 cpv cases reported from an australian disease surveillance system between september 2009 and july 2014 were analysed. australian pos ... | 2015 | 26530699 |
| prevalence of antibodies to canine parvovirus and reaction to vaccination in client-owned, healthy dogs. | the purpose of this population-based cohort study was to assess current prevalence of antibodies to canine parvovirus (cpv) in adult, healthy dogs, including risk factors associated with lack of antibodies, and reaction to revaccination with a modified live vaccine (mlv). one hundred dogs routinely presented for vaccination were included in the study and vaccinated with a single dose of a combined mlv. information was collected on signalment, origin, environment, vaccination history and side eff ... | 2015 | 26514756 |
| single mutations in the vp2 300 loop region of the three-fold spike of the carnivore parvovirus capsid can determine host range. | sylvatic carnivores, such as raccoons, have recently been recognized as important hosts in the evolution of canine parvovirus (cpv), a pandemic pathogen of domestic dogs. although viruses from raccoons do not efficiently bind the dog transferrin receptor (tfr) or infect dog cells, a single mutation changing an aspartic acid to a glycine at capsid (vp2) position 300 in the prototype raccoon cpv allows dog cell infection. because vp2 position 300 exhibits extensive amino acid variation among the c ... | 2015 | 26512077 |
| preparation, characterization and immunological evaluation: canine parvovirus synthetic peptide loaded plga nanoparticles. | canine parvovirus 2 (cpv-2) remains a significant worldwide canine pathogen and the most common cause of viral enteritis in dogs. the 1 l15 and 7 l15 peptides overlap each other with qpdggqpav residues (7-15 of vp2 capsid protein of cpv) is shown to produce high immune response. plga nanoparticles were demonstrated to have special properties such as; controlled antigen release, protection from degradation, elimination of booster-dose and enhancing the cellular uptake by antigen presenting cells. ... | 2015 | 26482775 |
| evaluation of chicken igy generated against canine parvovirus viral-like particles and development of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunochromatographic assay for canine parvovirus detection. | immunoglobulin y (igy) antibodies were generated against canine parvovirus virus-like particles (cpv-vlps) antigen using chickens. anti-cpv-vlps-igy was extracted from hen egg yolk and used for developing enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and immunochromatographic assay (ica) for the detection of cpv in dog feces. the cutoff negative values for anti-cpv-vlps-igy were determined using negative fecal samples (already confirmed by polymerase chain reaction [pcr]). in both elisa and ica, the ... | 2015 | 26469376 |
| [diagnostic tools for canine parvovirus infection]. | canine parvovirus (cpv) infection is one of the most important and common infectious diseases in dogs, in particular affecting young puppies when maternal antibodies have waned and vaccine-induced antibodies have not yet developed. the mortality rate remains high. therefore, a rapid and safe diagnostic tool is essential to diagnose the disease to 1) provide intensive care treatment and 2) to identify virus-shedding animals and thus prevent virus spread. whilst the detection of antibodies against ... | 2015 | 26403490 |
| quantum dots encapsulated with canine parvovirus-like particles improving the cellular targeted labeling. | quantum dots (qds) have a promising prospect in live-cell imaging and sensing because of unique fluorescence features. qds aroused significant interest in the bio-imaging field through integrating the fluorescence properties of qds and the delivery function of biomaterial. the natural tropism of canine parvovirus (cpv) to the transferrin receptor can target specific cells to increase the targeting ability of qds in cell imaging. cpv virus-like particles (vlps) from the expression of the cpv-vp2 ... | 2015 | 26398132 |
| antiviral effect of lithium chloride on infection of cells by canine parvovirus. | canine parvovirus type 2 causes significant viral disease in dogs, with high morbidity, high infectivity, and high mortality. lithium chloride is a potential antiviral drug for viruses. we determined the antiviral effect of lithium chloride on canine parvovirus type 2 in feline kidney cells. the viral dna and proteins of canine parvovirus were suppressed in a dose-dependent manner by lithium chloride. further investigation verified that viral entry into cells was inhibited in a dose-dependent ma ... | 2015 | 26315688 |
| reorganization of nuclear pore complexes and the lamina in late-stage parvovirus infection. | canine parvovirus (cpv) infection induces reorganization of nuclear structures. our studies indicated that late-stage infection induces accumulation of nuclear pore complexes (npcs) and lamin b1 concomitantly with a decrease of lamin a/c levels on the apical side of the nucleus. newly formed cpv capsids are located in close proximity to npcs on the apical side. these results suggest that parvoviruses cause apical enrichment of npcs and reorganization of nuclear lamina, presumably to facilitate t ... | 2015 | 26311881 |
| factors affecting the occurrence of canine parvovirus in dogs. | canine parvovirus (cpv) is the most important enteric virus infecting canids worldwide. the purpose of this study was to detect cpv in naturally infected dogs from several veterinary clinics distributed throughout portugal between 2012 and 2014 and to identify risk factors associated with cpv infection. from 209 dogs suspected of being infected with cpv, historical data and clinical signs were collected. fecal samples were screened for cpv by pcr assay and those positive were confirmed by sequen ... | 2015 | 26294318 |
| are licensed canine parvovirus (cpv2 and cpv2b) vaccines able to elicit protection against cpv2c subtype in puppies?: a systematic review of controlled clinical trials. | severe gastroenteritis caused by canine parvovirus type 2 (cpv2) is a serious life-threatening disease in puppies less than 4-months of age. the emergence of new variants has provoked some concern about the cross-protection elicited by licensed canine parvovirus modified-live type 2 (cpv2) and type 2b (cpv2b) vaccines against the most recent subtype cpv2c. a systematic review was carried out to assess the efficacy of commercial vaccines. we conducted a literature search of pub med/medline from j ... | 2015 | 26249827 |
| parvoviral myocarditis in a 5-week-old dachshund. | to describe a case of myocarditis associated with naturally occurring canine parvovirus type 2 (cpv-2). | 2016 | 26220397 |
| typing of canine parvovirus strains circulating in north-east china. | canine parvovirus (cpv) is highly contagious and is a major cause of haemorrhagic enteritis and myocarditis in dogs. we investigated the genetic variation of emerging cpv strains by sequencing 64 cpv vp2 genes from 216 clinical samples of dogs from heilongjiang, jilin, liaoning, shandong and hebei in 2014. genetic analysis revealed that cpv-2b was predominant in hebei and cpv-2a was predominant in the other four provinces. in addition, a cpv-2c strain has emerged in shandong province. all sample ... | 2017 | 26190701 |
| resurgence of canine parvovirus 2a strain in the domestic dog population from argentina. | ninety-three rectal swab samples were taken, from dogs suspected of canine parvovirus (cpv) infection and analyzed by pcr. a fragment of the vp2 gene, was amplified in 41 (44%) of them, resulting cpv positive samples. sequencing analysis of these pcr products showed that 37 samples (90.2%) belonged to the cpv2c type, whereas four samples (9.8%) were identified as cpv2a, which has not been found since 2008. it was also found that 24 out of 37 cpv2c samples (65%), carried the mutation thr440ala, w ... | 2015 | 26115608 |
| mutual enhancement of il-2 and il-7 on dna vaccine immunogenicity mainly involves regulations on their receptor expression and receptor-expressing lymphocyte generation. | our previous study showed that il-2 and il-7 could mutually enhance the immunogenicity of canine parvovirus vp2 dna vaccine, although the underlying mechanism remained unknown. here, we used the ova gene as a dna vaccine in a mouse model to test their enhancement on dna vaccine immunogenicity and to explore the molecular mechanism. results showed that both il-2 and il-7 genes significantly increased the immunogenicity of ova dna vaccine in mice. co-administration of il-2 and il-7 genes with ova ... | 2015 | 26055295 |
| characterization and evaluation of apoptotic potential of double gene construct pvivo.vp3.ns1. | viral gene oncotherapy, targeted killing of cancer cells by viral genes, is an emerging non-infectious therapeutic cancer treatment modality. chemo and radiotherapy in cancer treatment is limited due to their genotoxic side effects on healthy cells and need of functional p53, which is mutated in most of the cancers. vp3 (apoptin) of chicken infectious anaemia (cia) and ns1 (non structural protein 1) of canine parvovirus-2 (cpv-2) have been proven to have oncolytic potential in our laboratory. to ... | 2015 | 26040021 |
| canine parvoviruses in new zealand form a monophyletic group distinct from the viruses circulating in other parts of the world. | canine parvovirus 2 (cpv-2) is a well-recognized cause of acute haemorrhagic enteritis in dogs worldwide. the aim of the current study was to identify which cpv-2 subtypes circulate among dogs in new zealand, and to investigate the evolutionary patterns of contemporary cpv-2 viruses. faecal samples were collected from 79 dogs with suspected cpv-2 infection over the period of 13 months, and tested for the presence of cpv-2 dna by pcr. of 70 positive samples, 69 were subtyped as cpv-2a and one as ... | 2015 | 26031569 |
| molecular epidemiological and phylogenetic analyses of canine parvovirus in domestic dogs and cats in beijing, 2010-2013. | fifty-five samples (15.62%) collected from dogs and cats were identified as canine parvovirus (cpv) infection in beijing during 2010-2013. the nucleotide identities and aa similarities were 98.2-100% and 97.7-100%, respectively, when compared with the reference isolates. also, several synonymous and non-synonymous mutations were also recorded for the first time. new cpv-2a was dominant, accounting for 90.90% of the samples. two of the 16 samples collected from cats were identified as new cpv-2a ... | 2015 | 26028021 |
| influence of clinical and laboratory variables on faecal antigen elisa results in dogs with canine parvovirus infection. | false negative faecal canine parvovirus (cpv) antigen elisa results in dogs with cpv infection are common, but the factors that lead to these false negative results are still unknown. the aim of this study was to investigate whether dogs with a false negative faecal cpv antigen elisa result have milder clinical signs and laboratory changes, a lower faecal virus load, higher faecal and serum cpv antibody titres and a faster recovery than dogs with a positive result. eighty dogs with cpv infection ... | 2015 | 25920770 |
| evaluation of immunity and seropositivity of igg antibodies to canine parvoviruses in vaccinated and unvaccinated dogs in abeokuta, nigeria. | canine parvovirus (cpv) is a very contagious and virulent viral disease affecting domestic dogs all over the world causing high morbidity and mortality in dogs, especially puppies. this study aimed at determining the seropositivity of igg antibodies against cpv in vaccinated and unvaccinated dogs and to evaluate the immune status of dogs presented in abeokuta. forty-eight dogs were enrolled in this study. these dogs were presented at random for treatment, routine checkup, and vaccination at the ... | 2016 | 25891124 |
| an insulated isothermal pcr method on a field-deployable device for rapid and sensitive detection of canine parvovirus type 2 at points of need. | canine parvovirus type 2 (cpv-2), including subtypes 2a, 2b and 2c, causes an acute enteric disease in both domestic and wild animals. rapid and sensitive diagnosis aids effective disease management at points of need (pon). a commercially available, field-deployable and user-friendly system, designed with insulated isothermal pcr (iipcr) technology, displays excellent sensitivity and specificity for nucleic acid detection. an iipcr method was developed for on-site detection of all circulating cp ... | 2015 | 25889355 |
| molecular characterization of canine parvovirus (cpv) infection in dogs in turkey. | this study provides data about canine parvovirus (cpv) types circulating among dogs in turkey. sixty-five samples from dogs with and without clinical signs of parvovirus infection were collected between april 2009 and february 2010. the samples were subsequently tested for cpv using polymerase chain reaction (pcr). twenty-five samples (38.4%) were positive; when positive samples were characterized by sequence analysis, results showed that both cpv-2a (17/25, 68%) and cpv-2b (8/25, 32%) strains a ... | 2015 | 25842212 |
| the relationship between the southern oscillation index, rainfall and the occurrence of canine tick paralysis, feline tick paralysis and canine parvovirus in australia. | the aim of this study was to describe the association between climate, weather and the occurrence of canine tick paralysis, feline tick paralysis and canine parvovirus in australia. the southern oscillation index (soi) and monthly average rainfall (mm) data were used as indices for climate and weather, respectively. case data were extracted from a voluntary national companion animal disease surveillance resource. climate and weather data were obtained from the australian government bureau of met ... | 2015 | 25841899 |
| clinical canine parvovirus type 2c infection in a group of asian small-clawed otters (aonyx cinerea). | despite the occurrence of clinical disease in a wide range of carnivore hosts, only vague accounts of clinical canine parvovirus type 2 (cpv-2) in any otter species have been reported in the literature. over the course of 25 days, nine asian small-clawed otters (aonyx cinerea) presented for evaluation of inappetence, lethargy, vomiting, and diarrhea. a diagnosis of canine parvovirus type 2c was made based on electron microscopy, polymerase chain reaction, and dna sequencing of group fecal sample ... | 2015 | 25831584 |
| a novel assay for detecting canine parvovirus using a quartz crystal microbalance biosensor. | rapid and accurate diagnosis is crucial to reduce both the shedding and clinical signs of canine parvovirus (cpv). the quartz crystal microbalance (qcm) is a new tool for measuring frequency changes associated with antigen-antibody interactions. in this study, the qcm biosensor and prolinker™ b were used to rapidly diagnosis cpv infection. prolinker™ b enables antibodies to be attached to a gold-coated quartz surface in a regular pattern and in the correct orientation for antigen binding. receiv ... | 2015 | 25813597 |
| diagnostic performance of a rapid in-clinic test for the detection of canine parvovirus under different storage conditions and vaccination status. | canine parvovirus (cpv) is one of the most common causes of acute haemorrhagic enteritis in young dogs, while clinical diagnosis is often indecisive. the aim of our study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of an in-clinic rapid test in the detection of cpv infection in dogs. to this end, we compared the rapid diagnostic kit of canine parvovirus, coronavirus and rotavirus antigen (quicking(®)) to pcr, which is considered as the most reliable diagnostic method. a total of 78 duplicated faecal ... | 2015 | 25707551 |
| full-length genomic characterizations of two canine parvoviruses prevalent in northwest china. | canine parvovirus (cpv) can cause acute hemorrhagic diarrhea and fatal myocarditis in young dogs. currently, most studies have focused on the evolution of the vp2 gene, whereas the full-length genome of cpv has been rarely reported. in this study, the whole genomes of cpv-lz1 and cpv-lz2 strains prevalent in northwest china were determined and analyzed in comparison with those of the reference cpvs. the genome sequences of both lz strains consisted of 5053 nucleotides. cpv-lz1 and cpv-lz2 strain ... | 2015 | 25690604 |
| antigenic typing of canine parvovirus using differential pcr. | canine parvovirus (cpv) is an enteric pathogen causing hemorrhagic enteritis in pups of 3-6 months of age and is mainly transmitted via feco-oral route. in the present study, a total of 85 animals rectal swabs suspected of cpv were tested using a pcr, nested pcr and a newly designed differential pcr. using pcr 7 (8.23 %) animals were positive whereas 39 (45.88 %) were positive by using nested pcr and 40 (47.05 %) were positive for either one or more than one antigenic types of cpv using differen ... | 2014 | 25674626 |
| isolation of canine parvovirus with a view to identify the prevalent serotype on the basis of partial sequence analysis. | the aim of this study was to isolate canine parvovirus (cpv) from suspected dogs on madin darby canine kidney (mdck) cell line and its confirmation by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and nested pcr (npcr). further, vp2 gene of the cpv isolates was amplified and sequenced to determine prevailing antigenic type. | 2015 | 27046996 |
| epidemiological study of canine parvovirus infection in and around bhubaneswar, odisha, india. | an epidemiological study of canine parvovirus infection in dogs in and around bhubaneswar, odisha was conducted between december 2012 to march 2013 and prevalence rate was studied on the basis of age, breed, and sex. | 2015 | 27046992 |
| genotyping of canine parvovirus in western mexico. | canine parvovirus (cpv) is one of the most common infectious agents related to high morbidity rates in dogs. in addition, the virus is associated with severe gastroenteritis, diarrhea, and vomiting, resulting in high death rates, especially in puppies and nonvaccinated dogs. to date, there are 3 variants of the virus (cpv-2a, cpv-2b, and cpv-2c) circulating worldwide. in mexico, reports describing the viral variants circulating in dog populations are lacking. in response to this deficiency, a to ... | 2015 | 25525144 |
| influence of chemotherapy for lymphoma in canine parvovirus dna distribution and specific humoral immunity. | in man, the combination of cancer and its treatment increases patients' susceptibility to opportunistic infections, due to immune system impairment. in veterinary medicine little information is available concerning this issue. in order to evaluate if a similar dysfunction is induced in small animals undergoing chemotherapy, we assessed the complete blood count, leukocytic, plasma and fecal canine parvovirus (cpv) viral load, and anti-cpv protective antibody titers, in dogs with lymphoma treated ... | 2014 | 25467034 |
| global displacement of canine parvovirus by a host-adapted variant: structural comparison between pandemic viruses with distinct host ranges. | canine parvovirus type 2 (cpv-2) emerged in 1978 and spread worldwide within 2 years. subsequently, cpv-2 was completely replaced by the variant cpv-2a, which is characterized by four specific capsid (vp2) mutations. the x-ray crystal structure of the cpv-2a capsid shows that each mutation confers small local changes. the loss of a hydrogen bond and introduction of a glycine residue likely introduce flexibility to sites that control interactions with the host receptor, antibodies, and sialic aci ... | 2015 | 25410876 |
| a ten-year molecular survey on parvoviruses infecting carnivores in bulgaria. | parvoviruses represent the most important infectious agents that are responsible for severe to fatal disease in carnivores. this study reports the results of a 10-year molecular survey conducted on carnivores in bulgaria (n = 344), including 262 dogs and 19 cats with gastroenteritis, and 57 hunted wild carnivores. real-time polymerase chain reaction (qpcr), followed by virus characterization by minor groove binder (mgb) probe assays, detected 216 parvovirus positive dogs with a predominance of c ... | 2016 | 25382194 |
| host-specific parvovirus evolution in nature is recapitulated by in vitro adaptation to different carnivore species. | canine parvovirus (cpv) emerged as a new pandemic pathogen of dogs in the 1970s and is closely related to feline panleukopenia virus (fpv), a parvovirus of cats and related carnivores. although both viruses have wide host ranges, analysis of viral sequences recovered from different wild carnivore species, as shown here, demonstrated that>95% were derived from cpv-like viruses, suggesting that cpv is dominant in sylvatic cycles. many viral sequences showed host-specific mutations in their capsid ... | 2014 | 25375184 |
| phylogenetic and genome-wide deep-sequencing analyses of canine parvovirus reveal co-infection with field variants and emergence of a recent recombinant strain. | canine parvovirus (cpv), a fast-evolving single-stranded dna virus, comprises three antigenic variants (2a, 2b, and 2c) with different frequencies and genetic variability among countries. the contribution of co-infection and recombination to the genetic variability of cpv is far from being fully elucidated. here we took advantage of a natural cpv population, recently formed by the convergence of divergent cpv-2c and cpv-2a strains, to study co-infection and recombination. complete sequences of t ... | 2014 | 25365348 |
| serologic evidence of canine parvovirus in domestic dogs, wild carnivores, and marsupials in the argentinean chaco. | the transmission of pathogens between domestic dogs and generalist wildlife species may be modified by environmental degradation, biodiversity losses, host densities, and increased contact rates in remnant forest patches. a serologic survey of canine parvovirus (cpv) in rural domestic dogs and wild mammals was conducted in two neighboring rural areas (disturbed and protected) from pampa del indio, northeastern argentina, between 2008 and 2011. a total of 174 domestic dogs and 26 wild mammals-4 c ... | 2014 | 25314822 |
| novel canine bocavirus strain associated with severe enteritis in a dog litter. | bocaviruses are small non-enveloped viruses with a linear ssdna genome, that belong to the genus bocaparvovirus of the subfamiliy parvovirinae. bocavirus infections are associated with a wide spectrum of disease in humans and various mammalian species. here we describe a fatal enteritis associated with infection with a novel strain of canine bocavirus 2 (cabov-2), that occurred in a litter of german wirehaired pointers. necropsy performed on three puppies revealed an enteritis reminiscent of can ... | 2014 | 25263495 |
| development of a pcr-rflp assay for the detection and differentiation of canine parvovirus and mink enteritis virus. | a polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (pcr-rflp) assay has been developed to detect and differentiate between canine parvovirus (cpv) and mink enteritis virus (mev). eight cpv and three mev epidemic strains isolated from 28 pathological samples from dogs and minks suspected of being infected with parvovirus were amplified by pcr using a pair of specific primers designed based on the cpv-n strain (m19296). pcr amplified a fragment of 1016bp from the genomic dna of b ... | 2014 | 25256910 |
| efficacy of the paramunity inducer pind-orf in the treatment of canine parvovirus infection. | canine parvovirus (cpv) infection is a common and severe disease particularly affecting young dogs. the paramunity inducer pind-orf is reported to stimulate the innate immune system and, if used as a supplementary medication, might lead to a more rapid improvement in clinical signs in dogs with cpv infection. the aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of pind-orf in dogs with cpv infection in a prospective, placebo-controlled, double-blinded trial using 38 dogs randomly assigned to two g ... | 2014 | 25218850 |
| phylogenetic analysis of canine parvovirus vp2 gene in china. | in this study, a total of 37 samples (58.0%) were found through pcr assay to be positive for canine parvovirus (cpv) of 66 suspected faecal samples of dogs collected from various cities throughout china. eight cpv isolates could be obtained in the crfk cell line. the sequencing of the vp2 gene of cpv identified the predominant cpv strain as cpv-2a (ser297ala), with two cpv-2b (ser297ala). sequence comparison revealed homologies of 99.3-99.9%, 99.9% and 99.3-99.7% within the cpv 2a isolates, with ... | 2016 | 25209922 |
| risk factors of weaning diarrhea in puppies housed in breeding kennels. | diarrhea represents one of the most frequent disorders in dogs. in puppies, degradation of feces quality is associated with a reduced daily weight gain and an increased risk of death. prevention of diarrhea in puppies requires a global approach encompassing enteropathogens, environment and management practices especially when housed in groups. the purpose of this study was to determine prevalence of enteropathogens in puppies in breeding kennels and to identify risk factors of diarrhea. two hund ... | 2014 | 25175676 |
| high resolution melting curve analysis as a new tool for rapid identification of canine parvovirus type 2 strains. | a high resolution melting (hrm) curve method was developed to identify canine parvovirus type 2 (cpv-2) strains by nested pcr. two sets of primers, cpv-426f/426r and cpv-87r/87f, were designed that amplified a 52 bp and 53 bp product from the viral vp2 capsid gene. the region amplified by cpv-426f/426r included the a4062g and t4064a mutations in cpv-2a, cpv-2b and cpv-2c. the region amplified by cpv-87f/87r included the a3045t mutation in the vaccine strains of cpv-2 and cpv-2a, cpv-2b and cpv-2 ... | 2014 | 25159576 |
| vaccination of dogs with canine parvovirus type 2b (cpv-2b) induces neutralising antibody responses to cpv-2a and cpv-2c. | since the identification of canine parvovirus type 2, three variants have subsequently been observed differing from the historical cpv-2 and each other by 1-2 amino acids only. as a result there has been considerable research into differential diagnostics, with some researchers indicating there is a need for new vaccines containing different strains of cpv-2. in this study we investigated whether vaccination with a cpv-2b containing vaccine would induce cross-reactive antibody responses to the o ... | 2014 | 25148778 |
| non-structural protein 1 (ns1) gene of canine parvovirus-2 regresses chemically induced skin tumors in wistar rats. | the non-structural protein 1 of canine parvovirus-2 (cpv2.ns1) plays a major role in viral cytotoxicity and pathogenicity. cpv2.ns1 has been proven to cause apoptosis in hela cells in vitro in our laboratory. here we report that cpv2.ns1 has no toxic side effects on healthy cells but regresses skin tumors in wistar rats. histopathological examination of tumor tissue from cpv2.ns1 treated group revealed infiltration of mononuclear and polymorphonuclear cells with increased extra cellular matrix, ... | 2014 | 25135490 |
| first isolation of new canine parvovirus 2a from tibetan mastiff and global analysis of the full-length vp2 gene of canine parvoviruses 2 in china. | canine parvovirus 2 (cpv-2) was first identified in 1978, and is responsible for classic parvoviral enteritis. despite the widespread vaccination of domestic carnivores, cpvs have remained important pathogens of domestic and wild carnivores. in this study, we isolated cpv-2 from tibetan mastiffs and performed a global analysis of the complete vp2 gene sequences of cpv-2 strains in china. six isolates were typed as new cpv-2a, according to key amino acid positions. on a phylogenetic tree, these s ... | 2014 | 25007818 |
| erythema multiforme, stevens-johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis: a comparative review. | human erythema multiforme (em) and stevens-johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis (sjs/ten) are separate conditions. there is no consensus on classification criteria for the eponymous diseases in animals. | 2014 | 24990284 |
| functional characterization of canine interferon-lambda. | in this study, we provide the first comprehensive annotation of canine interferon-λ (caifn-λ, type iii ifn). phylogenetic analysis based on genomic sequences indicated that caifn-λ is located in the same branch with swine ifn-λ1 (swifn-λ), bat ifn-λ1 (baifn-λ), and human ifn-λ1 (huifn-λ1). caifn-λ was cloned, expressed in escherichia coli, and purified to further investigate the biological activity in vitro. the recombinant caifn-λ (rcaifn-λ) displayed potent antiviral activity on both homologou ... | 2014 | 24950142 |
| feline parvovirus infection and associated diseases. | feline panleukopenia, caused by the single-stranded dna virus feline parvovirus (fpv), is a highly contagious and often lethal disease of cats and other felidae. fpv, but also canine parvovirus (cpv) can be isolated from both healthy and diseased cats. in germany, cpv was detected in only approximately 10% of feline samples, but in southeast asia, reports estimated that up to approximately 80% of diseased cats were infected with cpv. infection spreads rapidly, especially in cells with high mitot ... | 2014 | 24923754 |
| long-term viremia and fecal shedding in pups after modified-live canine parvovirus vaccination. | canine parvovirus (cpv) modified live virus vaccines are able to infect vaccinated dogs replicating in the bloodstream and enteric mucosa. however, the exact duration and extent of cpv vaccine-induced viremia and fecal shedding are not known. with the aim to fill this gap, 26 dogs were administered two commercial vaccines containing a cpv-2 or cpv-2b strain and monitored for 28 days after vaccination. by using real-time pcr, vaccine-induced viremia and shedding were found to be long lasting for ... | 2014 | 24793948 |
| analysis of the full-length vp2 protein of canine parvoviruses circulating in hungary. | in recent years, the number of cases of disease caused by canine parvovirus 2 (cpv-2) in vaccinated dogs has increased. the aim of the present study was to identify cpv-2 strains present in hungary. forty-two out of 50 faecal specimens examined were positive, and 25 vp2 sequences were determined and analysed. based on the current classification, the hungarian viruses belong to new cpv-2a type, except two viruses that are recombinants of vaccine viruses and cpv-2a strains. the tyr324ile alteratio ... | 2014 | 24696272 |
| molecular detection of canine parvovirus in flies (diptera) at open and closed canine facilities in the eastern united states. | more than thirty years have passed since canine parvovirus (cpv) emerged as a significant pathogen and it continues to pose a severe threat to world canine populations. published information suggests that flies (diptera) may play a role in spreading this virus; however, they have not been studied extensively and the degree of their involvement is not known. this investigation was directed toward evaluating the vector capacity of such flies and determining their potential role in the transmission ... | 2014 | 24679715 |
| canine parvovirus 2c infection in a cat with severe clinical disease. | canine parvovirus 2 (cpv-2) is considered the main pathogen responsible for acute gastroenteritis in dogs, causing vomiting and hemorrhagic enteritis mainly. however, infection in cats by cpv variants causes clinical signs similar to feline panleukopenia virus. the current study reports a case of cpv-2c in a domestic cat, in portugal. the findings suggest that more surveys are needed to know the true prevalence and significance of cats in cpv epidemiology worldwide. | 2014 | 24670953 |
| the central role of chloride in the metabolic acid-base changes in canine parvoviral enteritis. | the acid-base disturbances in canine parvoviral (cpv) enteritis are not well described. in addition, the mechanisms causing these perturbations have not been fully elucidated. the purpose of the present study was to assess acid-base changes in puppies suffering from cpv enteritis, using a modified strong ion model (sim). the hypothesis of the study was that severe acid-base disturbances would be present and that the sim would provide insights into pathological mechanisms, which have not been ful ... | 2014 | 24613416 |
| genetic characterization of type 2a canine parvoviruses from taiwan reveals the emergence of an ile324 mutation in vp2. | canine parvovirus 2 (cpv 2) is a major infectious cause of mortality in puppies. the characteristic symptom of cpv 2 disease is intestinal hemorrhage with severe bloody diarrhea. soon after cpv was first recognized in the late 1970s, the original virus, cpv 2, was replaced in the canine population by strains carrying minor antigenic variants (termed 2a, 2b, and 2c) of the vp2 gene that could be distinguished using monoclonal antibodies and molecular analyses. here, we provide an updated molecula ... | 2014 | 24568207 |
| molecular typing of canine parvovirus strains circulating from 2008 to 2012 in an organized kennel in india reveals the possibility of vaccination failure. | canine parvovirus-2 (cpv-2), which emerged in 1978, is considered as the major viral enteric pathogen of the canine population. with the emergence of new antigenic variants and incidences of vaccine failure, cpv has become one of the dreaded diseases of the canines worldwide. the present study was undertaken in an organized kennel from north india to ascertain the molecular basis of the cpv outbreaks in the vaccinated dogs. 415 samples were collected over a 5year period (2008-2012). the outbreak ... | 2014 | 24486948 |
| role of mitochondria in parvovirus pathology. | proper functioning of the mitochondria is crucial for the survival of the cell. viruses are able to interfere with mitochondrial functions as they infect the host cell. parvoviruses are known to induce apoptosis in infected cells, but the role of the mitochondria in parvovirus induced cytopathy is only partially known. here we demonstrate with confocal and electron microscopy that canine parvovirus (cpv) associated with the mitochondrial outer membrane from the onset of infection. during viral e ... | 2014 | 24465910 |
| canine parvovirus vp2 protein expressed in silkworm pupae self-assembles into virus-like particles with high immunogenicity. | the vp2 structural protein of parvovirus can produce virus-like particles (vlps) by a self-assembly process in vitro, making vlps attractive vaccine candidates. in this study, the vp2 protein of canine parvovirus (cpv) was expressed using a baculovirus expression system and assembled into parvovirus-like particles in insect cells and pupae. electron micrographs of vlps showed that they were very similar in size and morphology when compared to the wild-type parvovirus. the immunogenicity of the v ... | 2014 | 24465364 |
| self-assembly of virus-like particles of canine parvovirus capsid protein expressed from escherichia coli and application as virus-like particle vaccine. | canine parvovirus disease is an acute infectious disease caused by canine parvovirus (cpv). current commercial vaccines are mainly attenuated and inactivated; as such, problems concerning safety may occur. to resolve this problem, researchers developed virus-like particles (vlps) as biological nanoparticles resembling natural virions and showing high bio-safety. this property allows the use of vlps for vaccine development and mechanism studies of viral infections. tissue-specific drug delivery a ... | 2014 | 24413974 |
| genome sequence of a canine parvovirus strain, cpv-s5, prevalent in southern china. | a prevalent new field canine parvovirus type-2a (cpv-2a) strain, cpv-s5, was isolated from the feces of a dog with diarrhea in shenzhen, china. the genome of cpv-s5 was determined and analyzed, which will facilitate further study of the molecular epidemiology and genetic diversity of cpv-2 field isolates in southern china. | 2014 | 24407643 |
| genetic and antigenic analysis of mink's immunoglobulin g fc region. | mink's immunoglobulin (ig) g fc gene was cloned, the gene was analyzed by phylogenetic analysis, and western blot was done to prove that the detection of distemper and canine parvovirus in dogs and minks can be universal. in order to get the certain length of fc segment gene, a pair of primers is designed, which according to the fc segment gene sequences of mink's igg (l07789) published by genbank, extracted total rna from the spleen of minks and amplified it by rt-pcr. the results showed that t ... | 2014 | 26155097 |
| protection against canine parvovirus type 2 infection in puppies by colostrum-derived antibodies. | during the first weeks of life puppies remain protected against canine parvovirus type 2 (cpv2) infection thanks to maternally derived antibodies (mda) absorbed with colostrum after birth. the objective of the present study was to present the variability in cpv2-specific passive immune transfer and its consequences in puppies naturally exposed to the parvovirus. seventy-nine puppies from one breeding kennel were included in the study at birth and followed until 56 d of age. once per week the mda ... | 2014 | 26101622 |
| phylogenetic analysis of canine parvovirus partial vp2 gene in india. | a total of 85 samples (58.0 %) were found to be positive for canine parvovirus (cpv) by pcr assay (hfor/hrev primers) out of 158 suspected faecal samples of dogs collected from various states/union territories of india. nine cpv isolates could be obtained in a-72 cell line. the sequencing of the partial vp2 gene of cpv identified the predominant cpv strain as cpv-2a (ser297ala) with one cpv-2b (ser297ala) and another cpv-2a variant strain (ser297gly). several non-synonymous and synonymous mutati ... | 2014 | 24174279 |
| evaluation of an in-clinic assay for the diagnosis of canine parvovirus. | the results of a study designed to evaluate the performance of an in-clinic test for the detection of canine parvovirus (cpv) are reported. a total of 150 faecal samples collected from dogs with acute diarrhoea were tested using the in-clinic test, a haemagglutination assay (ha) and a real-time pcr assay for cpv detection, quantification and characterisation. cpv was detected in 66, 73, and 101 faecal samples by in-clinic, ha and pcr testing, respectively. the relative sensitivity and specificit ... | 2013 | 24100133 |
| canine parvovirus type 2a (cpv-2a)-induced apoptosis in mdck involves both extrinsic and intrinsic pathways. | the canine parvovirus type 2 (cpv-2) causes an acute disease in dogs. it has been found to induce cell cycle arrest and dna damage leading to cellular lysis. in this paper, we evaluated the apoptotic potential of the "new cpv-2a" in mdck cells and elucidated the mechanism of the induction of apoptosis. the exposure of mdck cells to the virus was found to trigger apoptotic response. apoptosis was confirmed by phosphatidylserine translocation, dna fragmentation assays, and cell cycle analysis. act ... | 2014 | 24092455 |
| soluble form of canine transferrin receptor inhibits canine parvovirus infection in vitro and in vivo. | canine parvovirus (cpv) disease is an acute, highly infectious disease threatening the dog-raising industry. so far there are no effective therapeutic strategies to control this disease. although the canine transferrin receptor (tfr) was identified as a receptor for cpv infection, whether extracellular domain of tfr (called soluble tfr (stfr)) possesses anti-cpv activities remains elusive. here, we used the recombinant stfr prepared from hek293t cells with codon-optimized gene structure to inves ... | 2013 | 24089666 |
| canine parvovirus type 2c identified from an outbreak of severe gastroenteritis in a litter in sweden. | a litter of recently-vaccinated puppies in sweden experienced signs of severe haemorrhagic gastroenteritis. canine parvovirus (cpv) was suspected as the cause of this outbreak on the basis of the clinical signs and the presence of parvoviral antigen in the faeces from one of the affected pups - confirmed using a commercial in-clinic faecal antigen elisa test kit. a concern was raised about whether the vaccine (which contained a live, attenuated strain of cpv) could have caused the disease and so ... | 2013 | 24016358 |
| genotyping and pathobiologic characterization of canine parvovirus circulating in nanjing, china. | canine parvovirus (cpv) is an important pathogen that causes acute enteric disease in dogs. it has mutated and spread throughout the world in dog populations. we provide an update on the molecular characterization of cpv that circulated in nanjing, a provincial capital in china between 2009 and 2012. | 2013 | 23988202 |
| mutations in dna binding and transactivation domains affect the dynamics of parvovirus ns1 protein. | the multifunctional replication protein of autonomous parvoviruses, ns1, is vital for viral genome replication and for the control of viral protein production. two dna-interacting domains of ns1, the n-terminal and helicase domains, are necessary for these functions. in addition, the n and c termini of ns1 are required for activation of viral promoter p38. by comparison with the structural and biochemical data from other parvoviruses, we identified potential dna-interacting amino acid residues f ... | 2013 | 23986577 |
| evaluation of the use of serum c-reactive protein concentration to predict outcome in puppies infected with canine parvovirus. | to evaluate associations of serum c-reactive protein (crp) concentration with duration of hospitalization and with outcome in puppies with canine parvoviral enteritis. | 2013 | 23865878 |
| high local genetic diversity of canine parvovirus from ecuador. | canine parvovirus (cpv) comprises three antigenic variants (2a, 2b, and 2c) that are distributed globally with different frequencies and levels of genetic variability. cpvs from central ecuador were herein analyzed to characterize the strains and to provide new insights into local viral diversity, evolution, and pathogenicity. variant prevalence was analyzed by pcr and partial sequencing for 53 cpv-positive samples collected during 2011 and 2012. the full-length vp2 gene was sequenced in 24 sele ... | 2013 | 23850438 |
| vaccination of dogs with duramune dappi+lc protects against pathogenic canine parvovirus type 2c challenge. | in this study, we determined whether vaccination with duramune dappi+lc containing canine parvovirus (cpv) type 2b protects against challenge with virulent cpv antigenic type 2c. seven healthy dogs, seronegative for cpv2, were enrolled into two treatment groups; five were vaccinated twice, 21 days apart, with minimum titre vaccine, and two were given saline. dogs were challenged with cpv 2c three weeks later. clinical observations, body weight and rectal temperature measurements, blood samples f ... | 2013 | 23748583 |
| genetic analysis of the vp2-encoding gene of canine parvovirus strains from africa. | since the emergence of canine parvovirus type-2 (cpv-2) in the early 1970s, it has been evolving into novel genetic and antigenic variants (cpv-2a, 2b and 2c) that are unevenly distributed throughout the world. genetic characterization of cpv-2 has not been documented in africa since 1998 apart from the study carried out in tunisia 2009. a total of 139 field samples were collected from south africa and nigeria, detected using pcr and the full length vp2-encoding gene of 27 positive samples were ... | 2013 | 23725746 |
| identification of canine parvovirus with the q370r point mutation in the vp2 gene from a giant panda (ailuropoda melanoleuca). | in this study, we sequenced and phylogenetic analyses of the vp2 genes from twelve canine parvovirus (cpv) strains obtained from eleven domestic dogs and a giant panda (ailuropoda melanoleuca) in china. a novel canine parvovirus (cpv) was detected from the giant panda in china. | 2013 | 23706032 |
| an updated taqman real-time pcr for canine and feline parvoviruses. | canine parvovirus type 2 (cpv-2) emerged in late 1970s from the feline panleukopenia virus (fplv) and developed, since then, into novel genetic and antigenic variants (cpv-2a, -2b and -2c). canine and feline parvoviruses cause an acute enteric disease in their hosts, with high level of viral shedding. in this study, a quantitative taqman pcr for detection and quantitation of canine and feline parvoviruses in serum and fecal samples was developed. the primers were designed based upon the entire g ... | 2013 | 23680092 |
| co-infection with feline and canine parvovirus in a cat. | in this study we reported a case of co-infection with canine parvovirus (cpv) type 2a and feline panleukopenia virus (fpv) in a 3-month-old male kitten, with the presence of a parvovirus variant which is a true intermediate between cpv and fpv. the report of a viral variant which contained fpv- and cpv-specific epitopes stresses the importance of the mechanism of multistep mutation in the production of new variants and in the emergence of new viruses. this type of multistep adaptation has alread ... | 2015 | 23564594 |
| feline panleukopenia virus: its interesting evolution and current problems in immunoprophylaxis against a serious pathogen. | vaccination of cats against feline panleukopenia virus (fpv) has been a routine part of feline medicine for the past 40 or more years, and many of the same vaccines that were first developed in the 1960s are still in routine use today. however, there has been significant evolution of the virus in the last 40 years, in particular the emergence of canine parvovirus (cpv) in dogs in the late 1970s, which was a host range variant of the fpv-like virus, and the world-wide spread of the cpv-derived vi ... | 2013 | 23561891 |
| phylogenetic analysis of canine parvovirus isolates from sichuan and gansu provinces of china in 2011. | canine parvovirus causes serious disease in dogs. study of the genetic variation in emerging cpv strains is important for disease control strategy. the antigenic property of cpv is connected with specific amino acid changes, mainly in the capsid protein vp2. this study was carried out to characterize vp2 gene of cpv viruses from two provinces of china in 2011. the complete vp2 genes of the cpv-positive samples were amplified and sequenced. genetic analysis based on the vp2 genes of cpv was condu ... | 2015 | 23506473 |
| canine and feline parvoviruses preferentially recognize the non-human cell surface sialic acid n-glycolylneuraminic acid. | feline panleukopenia virus (fpv) is a pathogen whose canine-adapted form (canine parvovirus (cpv)) emerged in 1978. these viruses infect by binding host transferrin receptor type-1 (tfr), but also hemagglutinate erythrocytes. we show that hemagglutination involves selective recognition of the non-human sialic acid n-glycolylneuraminic acid (neu5gc) but not n-acetylneuraminic acid (neu5ac), which differs by only one oxygen atom from neu5gc. overexpression of α2-6 sialyltransferase did not change ... | 2013 | 23497940 |
| biomarkers in canine parvovirus enteritis. | canine parvovirus (cpv) enteritis has, since its emergence in 1978, remained a common and important cause of morbidity and mortality in young dogs. the continued incidence of parvoviral enteritis is partly due to the virus' capability to evolve into more virulent and resistant variants with significant local gastrointestinal and systemic inflammatory sequelae. this paper reviews current knowledge on historical-, signalment-, and clinical factors as well as several haematological-, biochemical- a ... | 2013 | 23477413 |
| histological characterization of dilated cardiomyopathy in the juvenile toy manchester terrier. | dilated cardiomyopathy (dcm), the most common form of cardiomyopathy in the dog, most often occurs in certain breeds. the objective of this study was to describe a rapidly progressive form of dcm that has been recently recognized in juvenile toy manchester terrier dogs (tmts). the clinical history and gross findings were reviewed in a group of 14 tmts, and histologic sections of heart were examined in 12 of those 14 tmts with dcm. histochemical and histomorphometric analyses were employed to com ... | 2013 | 23456967 |
| structural characterization of h-1 parvovirus: comparison of infectious virions to empty capsids. | the structure of single-stranded dna (ssdna) packaging h-1 parvovirus (h-1pv), which is being developed as an antitumor gene delivery vector, has been determined for wild-type (wt) virions and noninfectious (empty) capsids to 2.7- and 3.2-å resolution, respectively, using x-ray crystallography. the capsid viral protein (vp) structure consists of an α-helix and an eight-stranded anti-parallel β-barrel with large loop regions between the strands. the β-barrel and loops form the capsid core and sur ... | 2013 | 23449783 |
| apoptosis induced by ns1 gene of canine parvovirus-2 is caspase dependent and p53 independent. | apoptosis is programmed cell death that normally occurs during development and aging in multicellular animals. apoptosis also occurs as a defense mechanism against disease or harmful external agents. it can be initiated by a variety of stimuli including viruses and viral proteins. canine parvovirus type 2 (cpv-2) that causes acute disease in dogs has been found to induce cell cycle arrest and dna damage leading to cellular lysis. though non structural protein 1 (ns1) of many parvoviruses has bee ... | 2013 | 23416147 |
| detection of a canine parvovirus type 2c with a non-coding mutation and its implications for molecular characterisation. | an epidemiological survey for canine parvovirus (cpv) was conducted by collecting 615 faecal samples from dogs with diarrhoea in different european countries. molecular methods showed that cpv-2a was predominant in most countries, followed by cpv-2c and cpv-2b, whereas 30 strains were not characterised. by sequence analysis of the full-length vp2 gene, 20 of these viruses were characterised as cpv-2c mutants having the synonymous mutation a4061g in the probe-binding region that prevented correct ... | 2013 | 23375346 |
| frequency of cpv infection in vaccinated puppies that attended puppy socialization classes. | socialization is one method of preventing behavior problems in dogs; however, some oppose socialization before 16 wk of age due to the risk of contracting infectious diseases. the objectives of this study were to determine if puppies that attended puppy socialization classes and were vaccinated by a veterinarian at least once were at an increased risk of confirmed canine parvovirus (cpv) infection compared with puppies that did not attend classes and to determine the frequency of suspected cpv i ... | 2013 | 23325595 |
| serologic survey for antibodies to canine parvovirus and influenza virus in wild raccoon dogs (nyctereutes procyonoides) in south korea. | sera from 102 wild raccoon dogs (nyctereutes procyonoides) were screened for antibodies to canine parvovirus (cpv) and influenza a virus (iav) in south korea. sixteen samples were antibody positive for cpv and all samples were negative for iav antibodies. | 2013 | 23307391 |