| interferons and the colony-stimulating factors il-3 and gm-csf enhance the ifn-alpha response in human blood leucocytes induced by herpes simplex virus. | human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) were stimulated to produce interferon-alpha (ifn-alpha) by glutaraldehyde-fixed herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv)-infected wish amnion cells in vitro. different cytokines were included during the stimulation and tested for their ability to enhance the ifn-alpha response which occurs in the natural ifn-alpha producing (nip) leucocytes. the total production of ifn-alpha and the numbers of ifn-alpha producing cells (ipcs) were increased by interleukin ... | 1991 | 1719612 |
| a related epitope is consistently present on glycoprotein c of herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2. | a monoclonal antibody (ve8) directed to glycoprotein c of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) cross-reacted with all hsv type 2 (hsv-2) strains tested. positive reaction was also observed with all investigated hsv-1 strains, indicating that the related epitope is consistently present in hsv-1 and hsv-2. | 1991 | 1719785 |
| identification of the main epitope on human cytochrome p450 iid6 recognized by anti-liver kidney microsome antibody. | antibodies present in the sera of a group of children with autoimmune hepatitis react with human cytochrome p450 iid6. cdna constructions of various fragments of human p450 iid6 were made and expressed and the resulting peptides were tested in immunoblot with patients' sera. these allowed identification of at least two antigenic sites on the p450 molecule. the main one, recognized by all sera tested, is located between amino acids 239 and 271. synthesis of three peptides covering this area of th ... | 1991 | 1723273 |
| computer predictions of antigenic domains in herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 glycoprotein d as compared with experimentally proven domains. | the primary amino-acid sequence of the glycoprotein d (gd) of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (hsv-1, hsv-2) was analyzed by computer programs that provided values for hydrophilicity, surface probability, flexibility, and antigenicity, as well as the secondary structure conformation. putative antigenic domains with a high hydrophilicity, surface probability, and antigenicity index were determined and compared with the reported antigenic domains in hsv-1 and hsv-2 gd protein based on experimen ... | 1991 | 1724582 |
| promoter-independent activation of heterologous virus gene expression by the herpes simplex virus immediate-early protein icp27. | the herpes simplex virus (hsv) immediate-early protein icp27 has been postulated to play an auxillary role in hsv. gene expression, augmenting or inhibiting the activation of different viral promoters by the other immediate-early proteins icpo and icp4. here we show that icp27 alone can up-regulate gene expression of a retroviral vector containing moloney murine leukemia virus (momulv) regulatory sequences. this is the first report of an effect of icp27 on gene expression driven by heterologous ... | 1992 | 1733102 |
| severe herpes simplex virus hepatitis following autologous bone marrow transplantation: successful treatment with high dose intravenous acyclovir. | a 17-year-old male patient with t-cell type lymphoblastic lymphoma in complete remission underwent high dose chemotherapy (busulfan 16 mg/kg and cyclophosphamide 120 mg/kg) followed by autologous bone marrow transplantation (abmt). the patient had been taking oral acyclovir (200 mg x 5) daily from seven days prior to the abmt (day -7). on day +24, he complained of epigastralgia and general malaise, and the next day his got and gpt rose to 570 u/l and 397 u/l, respectively. although he had no muc ... | 1991 | 1753418 |
| herpes simplex virus type 1 infections presenting at birth. | two cases of intra-uterine acquired neonatal herpes simplex type i presented with atypical skin lesions apparent at or shortly after birth; the timing and appearance of the lesions meant that herpes virus infections were not considered to be the most likely diagnosis. once herpes simplex was diagnosed, both infants were treated with acyclovir. prompt diagnosis and institution of acyclovir are imperative for a favourable outcome from neonatal herpes infections. | 1991 | 1756078 |
| effect of dsrna from phi 6 bacteriophage on herpetic infection in cell culture and an animal model. | the double-stranded (ds) rna from phi 6 bacteriophage inhibited herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) and hsv-2 infection in ma-104 cells but not in vero cells. hsv-2 was more sensitive to this effect than hsv-1, with the hsv-2 ed50 being 0.25 micrograms/ml and the hsv-1 ed50 1.68 micrograms/ml. on genital infection by hsv-2 in guinea pigs, phi 6 dsrna was more effective by intravaginal (p less than 0.05) than by intraperitoneal administration. a single dose of dsrna of 600 micrograms/kg by intrav ... | 1991 | 1774466 |
| a recombinant hiv provirus is synergistically activated by the hiv tat protein and the hsv ie1 protein but not by the hsv ie3 protein. | to study the effects of regulatory proteins encoded by herpes viruses on the hiv long terminal repeat (ltr) in the presence or absence of hiv-encoded regulatory products, we prepared a proviral construct containing 5' and 3' hiv ltr, but lacking the coding sequences of any hiv proteins. this construct allowed the effects of herpesvirus regulatory proteins on the hiv ltr to be assessed in a construct similar to the hiv provirus whilst also allowing their interactions with hiv-encoded regulatory p ... | 1991 | 1777175 |
| advantages of multiple cell culture systems for detection of mixed-virus infections. | simultaneous infections by two or more viruses occur frequently, especially in immunosuppressed patients. in order to detect more than one viral agent in a single specimen, multiple cell systems have been employed in our laboratory. specimens are routinely inoculated into four different cell cultures, namely: mrc-5, a human diploid lung fibroblast cell strain; a549, a human continuous cell line; primary guinea pig embryo (gpe) cell culture, and primary rhesus monkey kidney (rhmk) cell culture. f ... | 1991 | 1783674 |
| synthesis and biological activity of pyrimido[2,1-b][1,3]thiazine, [1,3]thiazino[3,2-a]purine and [1,2,3]triazolo[4,5-d][1,3]thiazino[3,2-a]pyrimidine derivatives and thiazole analogues. | some series of thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine, pyrimido[2,1-b] [1,3]thiazine, thiazolo[3,2-a]purine, [1,3]thiazino[3,2-a]purine, thiazolo[3,2-a][1,2,3]triazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidine and [1,2,3]triazolo[4,5-d][1,3]thiazino[3,2-a]pyrimidine derivatives, variously functionalized, were prepared. the compounds were tested for antimicrobial and antimycotic activity on a number of strains, namely: e. coli, proteus vulgaris, p. mirabilis, pseudomonas aeruginosa, salmonella sp., staphylococcus aureus, s. faecalis, ... | 1991 | 1793474 |
| the temporal relationship of psychosocial stress to cellular immunity and herpes labialis recurrences. | this study used a prospective single-subject study design and time series analysis for repeated measures data to investigate the hypothesis that variations in psychosocial stress are associated with changes in cellular immunity in a study subject with recurrent herpes labialis. a study subject who was antibody positive for hsv-1 but reported no clinical manifestations of disease served as a control. psychosocial stress, as measured by a questionnaire; cellular immunity, as measured by the monocl ... | 1991 | 1794671 |
| comparison of four techniques of measles diagnosis: virus isolation, immunofluorescence, immunoperoxidase & elisa. | in an attempt to develop reliable, quick, simple and less expensive methods for diagnosing measles in rural areas, a study was undertaken in december, 1989, at the main health centre in yaoundé, during the measles outbreak, which allowed access to 80 per cent of children living in yaoundé. during the epidemic, 120 cases of measles were detected (clinically diagnosed) among the 1580 children examined. the control group comprised 120 children without symptoms of measles. sick and control children ... | 1991 | 1797639 |
| inactivation of enveloped viruses by anthraquinones extracted from plants. | to determine the extent of antiviral activity present in a number of plant extracts, hot glycerin extracts were prepared from rheum officinale, aloe barbadensis, rhamnus frangula, rhamnus purshianus, and cassia angustifolia and their virucidal effects were tested against herpes simplex virus type 1. all the plant extracts inactivated the virus. the active components in these plants were separated by thin-layer chromatography and identified as anthraquinones. a purified sample of aloe emodin was ... | 1991 | 1810179 |
| characterization of herpes simplex virus type 2 latency-associated transcription in human sacral ganglia and in cell culture. | the ability of herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) to establish latency in and reactivate from sacral dorsal root sensory ganglia is the basis for recurrent genital herpes. the expression of hsv-2 genes in latently infected human sacral ganglia was investigated by in situ hybridization. hybridizations with a probe from the long repeat region of hsv-2 revealed strong nuclear signals overlying neurons in sacral ganglia from five of nine individuals. the rna detected overlaps with the transcript fo ... | 1991 | 1845807 |
| mutational analysis of the sequence encoding icp0 from herpes simplex virus type 1. | in-frame codon insertion and deletion mutants were constructed in a plasmid containing the sequence that encodes icp0, a transcriptional activator of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1). the effect of these mutations was analyzed in a transient expression assay using the promoters for, the ie-0 gene (an immediate early (alpha) gene), the thymidine kinase gene (an early (beta) gene), and the glycoprotein c gene (a late (gamma) gene) fused to reporter cassettes that encoded either beta-galactosida ... | 1991 | 1845823 |
| the herpes simplex virus ul33 gene product is required for the assembly of full capsids. | phenotypic analysis of the herpes simplex virus type 1 temperature-sensitive dna-positive mutant, ts1233, revealed that the mutant had a structural defect at the nonpermissive temperature (npt). cells infected with ts1233 at the npt contained large numbers of intermediate capsids, lacking dense cores but possessing some internal structure. no full capsids or enveloped virus particles were detected. in contrast to the defect in another packaging-deficient mutant ts1201, the block in the formation ... | 1991 | 1845831 |
| type-specific identification of herpes simplex and varicella-zoster virus antigen in autopsy tissues. | to identify antigens of herpes simplex virus (hsv) types 1 and 2 and varicella-zoster virus (vzv) in human tissue, polyclonal antisera and an immunoperoxidase method were used to examine formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues from autopsy cases and experimentally infected animals. these antisera readily distinguished between hsv and vzv antigen, with no evident cross-reactivity. antiser ato hsv-1 and hsv-2 were more strongly reactive with antigen of the homologous virus than with that of hete ... | 1991 | 1845866 |
| in vitro mrna degradation system to study the virion host shutoff function of herpes simplex virus. | the virion host shutoff (vhs) gene of herpes simplex virus encodes a virion polypeptide that induces degradation of host mrnas at early times and rapid turnover of viral mrnas throughout infection. to better investigate the vhs function, an in vitro mrna degradation system was developed, consisting of cytoplasmic extracts from hela cells infected with wild-type herpes simplex virus type 1 or a mutant encoding a defective vhs polypeptide. host and viral mrnas were degraded rapidly in extracts fro ... | 1991 | 1845879 |
| the three major immediate-early transcripts of bovine herpesvirus 1 arise from two divergent and spliced transcription units. | among 54 transcripts expressed in a temporal cascade during lytic infection with bovine herpesvirus 1, we have previously identified three major immediate-early (ie) rnas, ier4.2 (4.2 kb), ier2.9 (2.9 kb), and ier1.7 (1.6 to 1.8 kb depending on the virus strain) transcribed from the hindiii c genome region (u. v. wirth, k. gunkel, m. engels, and m. schwyzer, j. virol. 63:4882-4889, 1989). northern (rna) blot, s1 nuclease protection, and primer extension analysis used in the present study demonst ... | 1991 | 1845884 |
| the promoter, transcriptional unit, and coding sequence of herpes simplex virus 1 family 35 proteins are contained within and in frame with the ul26 open reading frame. | the herpes simplex virus 1 (hsv-1) genome specifies an abundant capsid protein which in denaturing gels forms multiple bands designated family 35 proteins (d.k. braun, b. roizman, and l. pereira, j. virol. 49:142-153, 1984). nucleotide-sequencing studies have assigned the coding sequences of these proteins to the open reading frame ul26 (d.j. mcgeoch, m.a. dalrymple, a.j. davidson, a. dolan, m.c. frame, d. mcnab, l.j. perry, j.e. scott, and p. taylor, j. gen. virol. 69:1531-1574, 1988). in studi ... | 1991 | 1845885 |
| activities of heterodimers composed of dna-binding- and transactivation-deficient subunits of the herpes simplex virus regulatory protein icp4. | two mutant strains (vi12 and vi13) of herpes simplex virus that contain insertion mutations in the sequences that encode the dna-binding domain of viral regulatory protein icp4 were generated. both mutations disrupted specific dna binding and resulted in transcriptionally inactive molecules; however, the ability of the mutant proteins to form dimers was retained. the mutant proteins formed heterodimers with an icp4 deletion mutant (x25) that is nonfunctional but retains the ability to bind to co ... | 1991 | 1845890 |
| differential rates of processing and transport of herpes simplex virus type 1 glycoproteins gb and gc. | the kinetics of processing and transport of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) glycoproteins gb and gc was investigated. the conversion of precursor to mature forms and the appearance of the glycoproteins at the infected-cell surface at different times postinfection (p.i.) were studied. gb, synthesized at 4 h p.i., was converted to the mature form with a half-time (t1/2) of 120 min and appeared at the plasma membrane with a t1/2 of 270 min. the gb synthesized at later times p.i. (6, 8, and 10.5 ... | 1991 | 1845906 |
| the promoter of the latency-associated transcripts of herpes simplex virus type 1 contains a functional camp-response element: role of the latency-associated transcripts and camp in reactivation of viral latency. | a 203-base-pair sequence 5' of the latency-associated transcripts (lats) of herpes simplex virus type 1 contains a 7-base consensus sequence tgcgtca that is identical to the camp-response element of the proenkephalin gene. this consensus sequence is at -38 relative to the putative 5' end of the lats with a tata box at the -24 position. in transient chloramphenicol acetyltransferase assays in rat pheochromocytoma (pc12) cells, this enhancer region stimulated gene expression up to 3-fold in the pr ... | 1991 | 1846042 |
| critical structural elements of the vp16 transcriptional activation domain. | virion protein 16 (vp16) of herpes simplex virus type 1 contains an acidic transcriptional activation domain. missense mutations within this domain have provided insights into the structural elements critical for its function. net negative charge contributed to, but was not sufficient for, transcriptional activation by vp16. a putative amphipathic alpha helix did not appear to be an important structural component of the activation domain. a phenylalanine residue at position 442 was exquisitely s ... | 1991 | 1846049 |
| herpes simplex virus transactivator icp4 operationally substitutes for the cellular transcription factor sp1 for efficient expression of the viral thymidine kinase gene. | the herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) icp4 protein is a transcriptional activator of many eucaryotic rna polymerase ii promoters. the hsv-1 thymidine kinase gene (tk) promoter is induced by icp4 and contains binding sites for the cellular transcription factors tfiid, sp1, and ccaat-binding proteins, each of which affects expression of the tk gene. in this study, the effects of mutations in these sites on the transcription of tk in the presence and absence of icp4 were determined during viral i ... | 1991 | 1846184 |
| structure of the herpes simplex virus capsid: effects of extraction with guanidine hydrochloride and partial reconstitution of extracted capsids. | viral b capsids were purified from cells infected with herpes simplex virus type 1 and extracted in vitro with 2.0 m guanidine hydrochloride (guhcl). sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel analyses demonstrated that extraction resulted in the removal of greater than 95% of capsid proteins vp22a and vp26 while there was only minimal (less than 10%) loss of vp5 (the major capsid protein), vp19, and vp23. electron microscopic analysis of extracted capsids revealed that the pentons and the materi ... | 1991 | 1846187 |
| isolation of a herpes simplex virus type 1 mutant deleted for the essential ul42 gene and characterization of its null phenotype. | we isolated a cell line, designated v9, stably transformed with the herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) ul42 gene, which is one of seven genes required in trans for the replication of plasmids containing an hsv origin of replication (c. a. wu, n. j. nelson, d. j. mcgeoch, and m. d. challberg, j. virol. 62:435-443, 1988). v9 cells inducibly expressed the product of the ul42 gene, the 65-kda dna-binding protein (65kdbp), and were used as a permissive host to construct a mutant virus deleted for th ... | 1991 | 1846193 |
| mechanisms of protection against herpes simplex virus type 1-induced retinal necrosis by in vitro-activated t lymphocytes. | in balb/c mice, acute retinal necrosis occurs in the uninoculated eye 8 to 10 days following uniocular anterior chamber inoculation of the kos strain of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1). retinitis in the uninjected eye can be prevented if hsv-1-specific immune effector cells that have been restimulated with virus in vitro are administered intravenously within 1 day of anterior chamber inoculation of virus. we explored further the mechanism of protection afforded by these activated immune effe ... | 1991 | 1846197 |
| analysis of the herpes simplex virus type 1 promoter controlling the expression of ul38, a true late gene involved in capsid assembly. | the cistrons encoding the herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) ul37 and ul38 genes are adjacent to one another but are transcribed from opposite strands of the viral dna. the ul37 gene encodes a 1,123-amino-acid protein of unknown function, while the 465-amino-acid ul38 protein is involved in capsid assembly. previous work from our laboratory indicated that the transcripts encoding these proteins are expressed with significantly different kinetics in productive infection. in the present communica ... | 1991 | 1846198 |
| a second-site revertant of a defective herpes simplex virus icp4 protein with restored regulatory activities and impaired dna-binding properties. | a mutant of herpes simplex virus type 1, vi12, encodes a dna-binding- and transactivation-deficient icp4 polypeptide. because of the mutation, the vi12 virus does not grow on vero cells but must be propagated on cells that express complementing levels of wild-type icp4 (e5 cells). a pseudorevertant of vi12, designated pri12, was isolated on the basis of the restored ability to replicate on vero cells. in addition to the original i12 insertion mutation at amino acid 320, the icp4 molecule express ... | 1991 | 1846199 |
| role of herpes simplex virus type 1 ul46 and ul47 in alpha tif-mediated transcriptional induction: characterization of three viral deletion mutants. | the transcriptional induction of the alpha or immediate-early gene class of herpes simplex virus type 1 effected by the alpha trans-induction factor (alpha tif, icp25, vp16, vmw65) requires an alpha-specific cis-acting site. increased transcription does not result from the direct, independent binding of alpha tif, but rather from an alpha tif-dependent formation of a protein-dna complex containing, in addition to alpha tif, at least one host cell factor. one of the host factors is a pou domain p ... | 1991 | 1846201 |
| human cytomegalovirus ie2 negatively regulates alpha gene expression via a short target sequence near the transcription start site. | repression of human cytomegalovirus alpha (immediate-early) gene expression is under the control of the viral ie2 gene. here we show that ie2 negatively regulates gene expression directed by the strong cytomegalovirus enhancer via a specific 15-bp target sequence (which we term cis repression signal [crs]). this crs is located between -14 and +1 relative to the transcription start site and will function in an orientation-independent fashion, consistent with repression occurring at the transcript ... | 1991 | 1846203 |
| the open reading frames ul3, ul4, ul10, and ul16 are dispensable for the replication of herpes simplex virus 1 in cell culture. | by means of insertion and deletion mutagenesis, we have constructed four herpes simplex virus 1 recombinants, each lacking most sequences encoding a different open reading frame. the deleted genes are located in the unique sequences of the long component and include those designated ul3, ul4, ul10, and ul16. the recombinant virus r7211 lacks 579 of the 696 bp of ul3. the recombinant virus r7217 lacks 307 of the 597 bp of the ul4 open reading frame. r7216 contains a 972-bp deletion within the 1,4 ... | 1991 | 1846207 |
| isolation and characterization of a functional cdna encoding icp0 from herpes simplex virus type 1. | the ie-0 gene of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) contains two introns and encodes icp0, a powerful transcriptional activator. we have isolated a cdna clone that encodes icp0 from a lambda gt10 cdna library constructed from rnas made from hsv-1-infected hela cells. dna sequence analysis of this clone confirmed the predicted intron/exon boundaries (l. j. perry, f. j. rixon, r. d. everett, m. c. frame, and d. j. mcgeoch, j. gen. virol. 67:2365-2380, 1986). following transfection, a plasmid cont ... | 1991 | 1846209 |
| upstream promoter elements of the herpes simplex virus type 1 glycoprotein h gene. | to investigate the cis-acting sequence elements that are involved in the regulation of herpes simplex virus type 1 late-gene expression, recombinant viruses were constructed that express the escherichia coli lacz gene from the promoter of the glycoprotein h (gh) gene. deletion experiments established an upstream boundary for the gh promoter of no more than 83 bp from the start of gh transcription and showed that the promoter sequences did not overlap with coding sequences of the upstream thymidi ... | 1991 | 1846210 |
| clinical manifestations of primary herpes simplex virus type 1 infection in a closed community. | the clinical features and the molecular epidemiology of primary herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) infection among children younger than 3 years of age were investigated in day-care nursery. serial sera were assayed for anti-hsv-1 glycoprotein b antibody by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. serologic examinations revealed 55 cases of primary hsv infection during the observation period. fifty-one of them (93%) had typical herpetic gingivostomatitis, showing a high rate of clinically overt infec ... | 1991 | 1846235 |
| protection against zosteriform spread of herpes simplex virus by monoclonal antibodies. | the in vivo protective role of herpes simplex virus (hsv-1)-specific antibody was analyzed using monoclonal antibodies (mabs) reactive with discrete antigenic sites on glycoproteins b, c, and d (gb, gc, gd) in the murine zosteriform spread model of hsv-1. all of the anti-gc and anti-gd mabs, and one of four anti-gb mabs (b6) were protective. the in vitro abilities of the mabs to neutralize hsv-1 and mediate antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (adcc) against hsv-1-infected cells were examine ... | 1991 | 1846388 |
| herpes simplex virus (hsv) glycoprotein h is partially processed in a cell line that expresses the glycoprotein and fully processed in cells infected with deletion or ts mutants in the known hsv glycoproteins. | cell lines that constitutively express herpes simplex virus 1 (hsv-1) glycoprotein h (gh-1) failed to synthesize the mature form of gh and accumulated a precursor-like form of the glycoprotein, which was retained intracellularly, most likely in rer. fine-structure analysis of the oligosaccharides present in recombinant gh revealed oligosaccharides processed by rer enzymes; sialylated complex-type and biantennary oligosaccharides, which are assembled in the trans-golgi, were absent. a small fract ... | 1991 | 1846486 |
| the vmw175 binding site in the ie-1 promoter has no apparent role in the expression of vmw110 during herpes simplex virus type 1 infection. | the immediate-early (ie) genes of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) are the first to be expressed during infection in tissue culture. since they are transcribed at abnormally high levels in the absence of ie protein synthesis they appear to be subject to repression during normal infection. one of the major hsv-1 regulatory proteins, vmw175 (the product of ie gene 3), is required for normal ie gene regulation since mutations which inactivate it lead to abnormally high levels of ie gene expressi ... | 1991 | 1846487 |
| mechanism of inhibition of hsv-1 replication by tumor necrosis factor and interferon gamma. | tumor necrosis factor (tnf) synergizes with interferon (ifn gamma) in the blockade of hsv-1 replication. antibodies against ifn beta block this synergism, implying a role of ifn beta in the antiviral activity of tnf plus ifn gamma. ifn beta 1 added exogenously to hep-2 cells shows antiviral activity against hsv-1 only at high concentrations, whereas ifn beta 2 (also known as il-6) alone has no effect on the replication of vsv or hsv-1 even when 1,000 u/ml are present. our results are in accordan ... | 1991 | 1846503 |
| the herpes simplex virus 1 origin binding protein: a dna helicase. | a recombinant herpes simplex 1 origin binding protein, the product of the herpes ul9 gene, has been overexpressed in mammalian cells and purified to near homogeneity. the origin binding protein shows dna-dependent nucleoside 5'-triphosphatase and dna helicase activities in addition to its origin binding activity. the ability to hydrolyze nucleoside 5'-triphosphates is influenced strongly by the structure and sequence of the dna cofactor. the properties of the recombinant origin binding protein a ... | 1991 | 1846632 |
| inhibition of transient gene expression with plasmids encoding herpes simplex virus type 1 ul55 and alpha genes. | herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) subgenomic sequences from 0.743 to 0.782 map units have been molecularly cloned as plasmid at1 and shown to inhibit stable dna-mediated gene transformation of ltk- cells with the hsv-1 thymidine kinase (tk) gene. here it is shown that at1 also inhibits transient gene expression. expression from the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (cat) gene under the control of either the hsv-1 tk gene or the rous sarcoma virus (rsv) promoter was inhibited when cotransfected ... | 1991 | 1846642 |
| detection of hsv-1 dna in patients with behçet's syndrome and in patients with recurrent oral ulcers by the polymerase chain reaction. | the polymerase chain reaction was used to detect hsv-1 dna in genomic dna extracted from peripheral blood leucocytes, in patients with behçet's syndrome (bs), patients with recurrent oral ulcers and normal healthy controls. a 211-bp hsv-1 dna fragment was found in a significant number of patients with bs (p less than 0.02). serum anti-hsv-1 antibodies were also found in a higher proportion of patients with bs (p less than 0.02) than in healthy controls. however, virus-specific dna was not detect ... | 1991 | 1846653 |
| the interaction of icp4 with cell/infected-cell factors and its state of phosphorylation modulate differential recognition of leader sequences in herpes simplex virus dna. | regulation of herpes simplex virus (hsv) gene expression requires the synthesis of functional icp4, a phosphoprotein that binds to several specific sites in virus dna and acts in trans either to activate or to repress transcription of the three major kinetic classes of virus genes. binding of icp4 to specific sites in alpha genes (which are the first to be transcribed) causes repression of alpha-gene expression. icp4 also indirectly participates in the formation of dna-protein complexes with seq ... | 1991 | 1846804 |
| transplantation of syngeneic transfected cells to probe the in vivo immune response to viral proteins. | balb/3t3 cells were transfected with the glycoprotein d (gd) gene of herpes simplex virus (hsv) and a cell line expressing gd on the cell surface was isolated. in vitro, 51cr release tests showed that the transfected cells were destroyed by anti-hsv antibody in the presence of complement. to investigate in vivo immune response, the gd-transfected cells were transplanted into the footpads of syngeneic hsv-immunized or unimmunized balb/c mice. in unimmunized mice, transfected cells remained intact ... | 1991 | 1846831 |
| enhanced replication of herpes simplex virus type 1 in human cells. | the effects of dna-damaging agents on the replication of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) were assessed in vitro. monolayers of human lung fibroblast cell lines were exposed to dna-damaging agents (methyl methanesulfonate [mms], methyl methanethiosulfonate [mmts], ultraviolet light [uv], or gamma radiation [gr]) at specific intervals, before or after inoculation with low levels of hsv-1. the ability of cell monolayers to support hsv-1 replication was measured by direct plaque assay and was co ... | 1991 | 1846885 |
| synthesis and antiviral activity of 9-alkoxypurines. 2. 9-(2,3-dihydroxypropoxy)-, 9-(3,4-dihydroxybutoxy)-, and 9-(1,4-dihydroxybut-2-oxy)purines. | reaction of alkenoxyamines (3,5) or (r,s)-, (r)-, and (s)-hydroxy-protected derivatives of hydroxyalkoxyamines (20a,b, 37a-c) with 4,6-dichloro-2,5-diformamidopyrimidine (4) and cyclization of the resultant 6-[(alkenoxy)amino]-and 6-(alkoxyamino)pyrimidines (6,7,21a,b, 38a,b,c) by heating with diethoxymethyl acetate afforded 9-alkenoxy- and 9-alkoxy-6-chloropurines (9,10,22a,b, 39a-c, 40a). these were subsequently converted to 9-(2,3-dihydroxypropoxy), 9-(3,4-dihydroxybutoxy), and 9-(1,4-dihydro ... | 1991 | 1846922 |
| herpes simplex virus latency-associated transcript is a stable intron. | the latency-associated transcript (lat) is the major viral transcript detected by in situ hybridization of mouse and human sensory ganglia latently infected with herpes simplex virus type 1. the last 750 bases of lat are complementary to infected-cell polypeptide 0, a herpes simplex virus type 1 immediate-early gene that encodes a transactivating protein that may facilitate re-activation of the virus from the latent state. several laboratories have shown that lat accumulates in the nucleus and i ... | 1991 | 1846963 |
| latent herpes simplex virus reactivation in the guinea pig. an animal model for recurrent disease. | the purpose of this investigation was to establish an animal model by which latent herpetic disease could be mechanically reactivated, yielding an adequate number of recurrent clinical lesions in the guinea pig. to determine strain virulence, hairless guinea pigs were inoculated with three different strains of herpes simplex virus (hsv) using a spring-loaded multiple puncture apparatus. hsv-1 strains sc-16 and mckrae produced an average of 21 and 8 lesions per infected area, respectively. the hs ... | 1991 | 1847124 |
| the difference in sensitivity to cicloxolone sodium between herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 maps to the locations of genes ul22 (gh) and ul44 (gc). | cicloxolone sodium (ccx) is a broad spectrum antiviral agent which has a largely non-specific and complex mode of antiviral action. however, the experimental finding that herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) (strain hg52) is consistently more sensitive to inhibition by ccx than hsv-1 (117 syn+) additionally implies the specific involvement of hsv genes. hsv-1/hsv-2 intertypic recombinants have been utilized to investigate this genetic difference by comparing their ccx ed50 concentrations. no shor ... | 1991 | 1847174 |
| construction of herpes simplex viruses that are pseudodiploid for the glycoprotein b gene: a strategy for studying the function of an essential herpesvirus gene. | the primary structure of glycoprotein b (gb) is conserved strongly among many members of the herpesviridae, including some that differ vastly in their natural properties. to determine whether the structural similarity between the gbs of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) and bovine herpesvirus type 1 (bhv-1) was reflected in functional homology, we constructed pseudodiploid hsv-1 virions which, in addition to their own gene encoding gb, also contained a gene for encoding bhv-1 gb. two kinds of ... | 1991 | 1847175 |
| the nucleotide sequence of the glycoprotein gb gene of infectious laryngotracheitis virus: analysis and evolutionary relationship to the homologous gene from other herpesviruses. | a 3698 bp region of the genome of infectious laryngotracheitis virus (iltv) was sequenced and found to contain the entire glycoprotein gb gene and the c-terminal region of a gene homologous to the icp 18.5 protein gene of herpes simplex virus type 1. the iltv gb gene encoded a protein with an mr of 100k possessing all the characteristics of a transmembrane glycoprotein. alignment of the iltv gb sequence with homologous sequences from six other herpesviruses revealed that 10 cysteine residues on ... | 1991 | 1847176 |
| effect of ultraviolet light on dna structure in 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine-substituted hsv-1 dna. | herpes simplex virus type-1 (hsv-1) was grown in the presence of 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine (idurd), and the virion-dna was isolated by isopycnic centrifugation in cscl. irradiation of idurd-containing hsv dna with either 302 nm or 254 nm ultraviolet (uv) light introduced strand breakage into the dna in a dose-dependent manner when analyzed by alkaline sucrose density gradient sedimentation. irradiation of unsubstituted hsv dna under similar conditions produced little strand breakage. these observat ... | 1991 | 1847286 |
| glycoprotein c of herpes simplex virus type 1 plays a principal role in the adsorption of virus to cells and in infectivity. | the purpose of this study was to identify the herpes simplex virus glycoprotein(s) that mediates the adsorption of virions to cells. because heparan sulfate moieties of cell surface proteoglycans serve as the receptors for herpes simplex virus adsorption, we tested whether any of the viral glycoproteins could bind to heparin-sepharose in affinity chromatography experiments. two glycoproteins, gb and gc, bound to heparin-sepharose and could be eluted with soluble heparin. in order to determine wh ... | 1991 | 1847438 |
| the conserved dna-binding domains encoded by the herpes simplex virus type 1 icp4, pseudorabies virus ie180, and varicella-zoster virus orf62 genes recognize similar sites in the corresponding promoters. | herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (hsv-1 and hsv-2), pseudorabies virus (prv), varicella-zoster virus (vzv), and equine herpesvirus 1 (ehv-1) are all classified as alphaherpesvirinae. each of these five viruses encodes an essential immediate-early (ie) regulatory protein referred to as hsv-1 icp4, hsv-2 icp4, prv ie180, vzv orf62 protein, and ehv-1 ie1, respectively. these five proteins share extensive homology with each other in domains referred to as regions 2 and 4. the hsv-1 icp4 region 2 d ... | 1991 | 1847444 |
| identification of an immunodominant cytotoxic t-lymphocyte recognition site in glycoprotein b of herpes simplex virus by using recombinant adenovirus vectors and synthetic peptides. | cytotoxic t-lymphocyte (ctl) responses to herpes simplex virus (hsv) polypeptides play an important role in recovery from infection and in preventing latency. we have previously shown that glycoprotein b (gb) is a major target recognized by hsv-specific ctls in c57bl/6 (h-2b) and balb/c (h-2d) mice but not in cba/j (h-2k) mice (l. a. witmer, k. l. rosenthal, f. l. graham, h. m. friedman, a. yee, and d. c. johnson, j. gen. virol. 71:387-396, 1990). in this report, we utilize adenovirus vectors ex ... | 1991 | 1847447 |
| association of a major transcriptional regulatory protein, icp4, of herpes simplex virus type 1 with the plasma membrane of virus-infected cells. | a major transcriptional regulatory protein, icp4, of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) is localized primarily within the nucleus soon after its synthesis. recent studies have shown that approximately 100 to 200 molecules of icp4 are located in the tegument region of purified virions (f. yao and r. j. courtney, j. virol. 63:3338-3344, 1989). as an extension to these studies, we present data suggesting that icp4 may also associate with the plasma membrane of hsv-1-infected cells. the experimenta ... | 1991 | 1847468 |
| origin of unenveloped capsids in the cytoplasm of cells infected with herpes simplex virus 1. | in cells infected with herpes simplex viruses the capsids acquire an envelope at the nuclear membrane and are usually found in the cytoplasm in structures bound by membranes. infected cells also accumulate unenveloped capsids alone or juxtaposed to cytoplasmic membranes. the juxtaposed capsids have been variously interpreted as either undergoing terminal deenvelopment resulting from fusion of the envelope with the membrane of the cytoplasmic vesicles or undergoing sequential envelopment and deen ... | 1991 | 1847476 |
| mutations in a herpes simplex virus type 1 origin that inhibit interaction with origin-binding protein also inhibit dna replication. | the herpes simplex virus type 1 genome contains three origins of replication: oril and a diploid oris. the origin-binding protein, the product of the ul9 gene, interacts with two sites within oris, box i and box ii. a third site, box iii, which is homologous to boxes i and ii, may also be a binding site for the origin-binding protein. mutations in these three sites significantly reduce oris-directed plasmid replication measured in transient replication assays. the reduction in replication effici ... | 1991 | 1847482 |
| association of dna helicase and primase activities with a subassembly of the herpes simplex virus 1 helicase-primase composed of the ul5 and ul52 gene products. | herpes simplex virus 1 encodes a helicase-primase that is composed of the products of the ul5, ul8, and ul52 genes. a stable subassembly consisting of only the ul5 and ul52 gene products has been purified to near homogeneity from insect cells doubly infected with baculovirus recombinant for these two genes. the purified subassembly has the dna-dependent atpase, dna-dependent gtpase, dna helicase, and dna primase activities that are characteristic of the three-subunit holoenzyme. the purified ul8 ... | 1991 | 1847509 |
| herpes simplex virus-1 helicase-primase. physical and catalytic properties. | herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) encodes a helicase-primase that consists of the products of the ul5, ul8, and ul52 genes (crute, j. j., tsurumi, t., zhu, l., weller, s. k., olivo, p. d., challberg, m. d., mocarski, e. s. and lehman, i. r. (1989) proc. natl. acad. sci. u. s. a. 86, 2186-2189). further characterization of the three-subunit enzyme isolated from hsv-1-infected cv-1 cells shows it to be a heterotrimer, consisting of one polypeptide encoded by each of the ul5, ul8, and ul52 genes. ... | 1991 | 1847923 |
| the region 0.7615-0.796 m.u. of the hsv-1 genome determines suppression of humoral antibody formation against herpes simplex virus. | the influence of genetic properties of parts of the hsv-1 genome on suppression of humoral antibody formation was investigated by using intratypic recombinants. the deleted strain hfem (hsv-1) induces suppression. the mlui dna fragment (coordinates 0.7615-0.796 m.u.) derived from the antibody inducing strain f1 (hsv-1) was transfected into the deleted strain hfem to produce the recombinant virus r-m1ci and shown to restore antibody formation, as demonstrated by neutralization- and elisa-tests. t ... | 1991 | 1848063 |
| liquid-crystalline, phage-like packing of encapsidated dna in herpes simplex virus. | the organization of dna within the hsv-1 capsid has been determined by cryoelectron microscopy and image reconstruction. purified c-capsids, which are fully packaged, were compared with a-capsids, which are empty. unlike a-capsids, c-capsids show fine striations and punctate arrays with a spacing of approximately 2.6 nm. the packaged dna forms a uniformly dense ball, extending radially as far as the inner surface of the icosahedral (t = 16) capsid shell, whose structure is essentially identical ... | 1991 | 1848156 |
| hsv-1 corneal latency. | | 1991 | 1848213 |
| fluorocarbocyclic nucleosides: synthesis and antiviral activity of 2'- and 6'-fluorocarbocyclic 2'-deoxy guanosines. | a series of four isomeric 2'- and 6'-fluorocarbocyclic guanosine analogues have been prepared and evaluated as potential anti-herpes agents. the racemic 2' beta-fluoro isomer 2-amino-1,9-dihydro- 9-[(1 alpha, 2 alpha, 3 beta, 4 alpha)-2-fluoro-3-hydroxy-4- (hydroxymethyl)cyclopentyl]-6h-purin-6-one (11a, c-afg) and its 2' alpha-fluoro epimer 11b plus the chiral 6' beta-fluoro isomer 2-amino-1,9-dihydro-9-[[1s-(1 alpha, 2 alpha, 3 alpha, 4 beta)]- 2-fluoro-4-hydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)cyclopentyl]- ... | 1991 | 1848298 |
| altered pathogenesis in herpes simplex virus type 1 infection due to a syncytial mutation mapping to the carboxy terminus of glycoprotein b. | a syncytial (syn) variant of herpes simplex virus type 1 strain 17 syn+ was selected by serial passage in heparin, a glycosaminoglycan which potently inhibits herpes simplex virus infectivity. this virus, 17 hep syn, is sixfold more heparin resistant than its parent. by using marker transfer techniques, its syn phenotype, but not heparin resistance, was mapped first to the bamhi g fragment (0.343 to 0.415 map units) and then to a 670-bp kpni-psti subclone (0.345 to 0.351 map units) encoding the ... | 1991 | 1848305 |
| brefeldin a arrests the maturation and egress of herpes simplex virus particles during infection. | herpes simplex virus (hsv) requires the host cell secretory apparatus for transport and processing of membrane glycoproteins during the course of virus assembly. brefeldin a (bfa) has been reported to induce retrograde movement of molecules from the golgi to the endoplasmic reticulum and to cause disassembly of the golgi complex. we examined the effects of bfa on propagation of hsv type 1. release of virions into the extracellular medium was blocked by as little as 0.3 microgram of bfa per ml wh ... | 1991 | 1848309 |
| herpes simplex virus type 1 deletion variants 1714 and 1716 pinpoint neurovirulence-related sequences in glasgow strain 17+ between immediate early gene 1 and the 'a' sequence. | dideoxynucleotide sequence analysis of a spontaneously isolated deletion variant (1714) of glasgow strain 17+ of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) demonstrates that the deletion is 759 bp in length and is located within each copy of the bamhi s fragment (0 to 0.02 and 0.81 to 0.83 map units) of the long repeat region of the genome. the deletion removes one complete copy of the 18 bp dr1 element of the 'a' sequence and terminates 1105 bp upstream of the 5' end of immediate early (ie) gene 1. th ... | 1991 | 1848598 |
| investigation of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) gene expression and dna synthesis during the establishment of latent infection by an hsv-1 mutant, in1814, that does not replicate in mouse trigeminal ganglia. | in previous studies, the herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) mutant, in1814, which lacks the trans-inducing function of vmw65, did not replicate in the trigeminal ganglia of mice following corneal inoculation but did establish a reactivatable latent infection in the ganglia 12 to 24 h after ocular infection. since in1814 did not replicate in vivo, the molecular events during the establishment phase of latent hsv-1 infection could be characterized without the complications of concurrent productiv ... | 1991 | 1848599 |
| construction and characterization of herpes simplex type 1 viruses without introns in immediate early gene 1. | herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) encodes at least 70 distinct genes in a dna genome sequence of about 150 kb. in contrast to most cellular genes and those of several other dna viruses, the overwhelming majority of hsv-1 transcripts are not spliced. one exception is immediate early (ie) gene 1, which contains two introns in the vmw110 coding region. this study investigated the possibility that ie-1 intron sequences have a role during hsv-1 infection. ie-1 genes lacking the first, second or bot ... | 1991 | 1848600 |
| identification and characterization of a novel non-infectious herpes simplex virus-related particle. | during gradient purification of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) two bands of particles were observed: a sharp lower band and a more diffuse upper band. the lower band contained almost exclusively hsv-1 virions (h particles) whereas the upper band consisted of membrane-enclosed particles (l particles). these l particles resembled the virions in appearance, but lacked the viral nucleocapsid and were not infectious. many polypeptides of the viral envelope and the tegument were common to both ty ... | 1991 | 1848601 |
| characterization of fusion from without induced by herpes simplex virus. | the process of fusion from without (ffwo) induced by herpes simplex virus (hsv) was analyzed by using various inhibitors and compared to fusion from within (ffwi). the fate of certain elements of the cytoskeleton after ffwo was also investigated. our experiments demonstrate ffwo as a very suitable system for study of early virus-cell interactions. zn++ ions proved inhibitory for penetration whilst pretreatment of cells with ca++ ions before infection enhanced ffwo activity. dissociation of penet ... | 1991 | 1848750 |
| induction of encephalitis in sjl mice by intranasal infection with herpes simplex virus type 1: a possible model of herpes simplex encephalitis in humans. | herpes simplex encephalitis (hse) is characterized by focal lesions of hemorrhage and necrosis, primarily in the inferior temporal lobe. since immunosuppressed patients with hse lack the focal inflammatory changes and temporal lobe localization, it has been suggested that the immune system participates in the pathogenesis of hse. evaluation of this hypothesis has been impeded by the lack of an immunologically defined animal model that resembles the human disease. toward this end, 10 strains of i ... | 1991 | 1849158 |
| nucleotides within both proximal and distal parts of the consensus sequence are important for specific dna recognition by the herpes simplex virus regulatory protein icp4. | the herpes simplex virus type 1 regulatory protein icp4 is a sequence specific dna binding protein which associates with a number of different sites, some of which include the consensus atcgtcnnnnycgrc. in order to investigate the involvement in dna binding of conserved bases within the consensus, we have synthesised a family of mutant oligonucleotides and tested their ability to form a complex with icp4. we have also compared the binding specificities of bacterially expressed fragments of icp4 ... | 1991 | 1849261 |
| neonatal herpes simplex virus infection in relation to asymptomatic maternal infection at the time of labor. | to define the risk factors associated with neonatal acquisition of herpes simplex virus (hsv) infection, we prospectively obtained hsv cultures from the cervix and external genitalia of 15,923 pregnant women in early labor who were without symptoms or signs of genital hsv infection. follow-up of the women with positive cultures for hsv and their hsv-exposed infants included serologic tests and serial cultures for hsv. | 1991 | 1849612 |
| analysis of complex mutations induced in cells by herpes simplex virus type-1. | the shuttle vector plasmid pz189 was used as a target for mutagenesis in cos-1 cells. complex mutations were analyzed in 5 plasmids that were recovered from noninfected cells and 15 plasmids that were recovered from cells that were infected with herpes simplex virus type-1 (hsv-1). complex mutations in noninfected cells consisted of duplications and rearrangements of plasmid dna, while those from cells that were infected with hsv-1 included 8 that were enlarged due to insertion of other dna sequ ... | 1991 | 1849680 |
| detection and characterization of latent hsv rna by in situ and northern blot hybridization in guinea pigs. | following intravaginal infection of guinea pigs, herpes simplex virus establishes a latent infection in the sensory lumbosacral ganglia. using the techniques of in situ and northern blot hybridization, we have characterized this latent hsv-2 virus and compared it to latent hsv-1 at the same anatomical site. for hsv-2, a single 1.8-kb latency-associated transcript (lat) was detected. in contrast, as described for latent hsv-1 in the trigeminal ganglia of rabbits and mice, two hsv-1 lat species we ... | 1991 | 1849688 |
| ocular herpes simplex virus reactivation in mice latently infected with latency-associated transcript mutants. | a mouse model for ocular reactivation of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) was modified and used to study the effect of strain difference on the frequency of ocular hsv reactivation. outbred male nih white mice were immunized with 1.0 ml of anti-hsv serum with a neutralizing titer of 1:400 24 hr before infection and bilaterally infected at 10(5) plaque-forming units/eye with one of three hsv-1 strains: 17 syn+, lat+ (xc-20), or lat- (x10-13). latency-associated transcripts (lat) are produced b ... | 1991 | 1849874 |
| investigation of herpes simplex virus type 1 genes encoding multiply inserted membrane proteins. | the herpes simplex virus type 1 genome contains four open reading frames (orfs) which are predicted to encode hydrophobic proteins with the potential to cross a membrane several times. the products of these genes (genes ul10, ul20, ul43 and ul53) have not previously been identified. to investigate the role of these proteins in the virus life cycle, we attempted to inactivate the genes individually by inserting the lacz gene from escherichia coli within the orfs. using this approach we have isola ... | 1991 | 1849972 |
| establishment of latency in vitro by the herpes simplex virus type 1 mutant in1814. | the herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) mutant in1814 possesses an insertion mutation that abolishes trans-activation of immediate early (ie) transcription by the virion protein vmw65. interactions between in1814 and the host cell were examined by use of an in vitro latency system which relies on infection of human foetal lung (hfl) cells at 42 degrees c to prevent lytic growth of virus. mutant in1814 was retained in hfl cells after infection at low m.o.i. and incubation at 42 degrees c, and was ... | 1991 | 1849973 |
| glycoprotein c of herpes simplex virus type 1 is essential for the virus to evade antibody-independent complement-mediated virus inactivation and lysis of virus-infected cells. | glycoprotein c (gc) of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) is a receptor for the complement component c3b. we have previously isolated hsv-1 gc- strains (tn1, tn2 and tn3) from a patient with recurrent keratitis at three different times. these are very rare isolates because gc was thought to be essential for the virus in vivo. to determine whether gc modifies the interaction of complement with cell-free virus or virus-infected cells, we constructed gc+ recombinant viruses in which the intact gc ... | 1991 | 1849974 |
| properties and evolutionary relationships of the marek's disease virus homologues of protein kinase, glycoprotein d and glycoprotein i of herpes simplex virus. | the deduced amino acid sequences of the open reading frames (orfs) mapping in the short unique segment (us) of marek's disease virus (mdv) reported in the accompanying paper have been analysed using computer programs to determine their relationships to herpesvirus proteins. analysis of the catalytic domains of protein kinases showed that the mdv kinase (mdv pk) was closely related to the alphaherpesvirus protein kinase mapping in us. the results also showed that the mdv pk was more closely relat ... | 1991 | 1849976 |
| dna sequence and organization of genes in a 5.5 kbp ecori fragment mapping in the short unique segment of marek's disease virus (strain rb1b). | the dna sequence of a 5.5 kbp ecori fragment located in the short unique region (us) of the 'highly oncogenic' strain rb1b of marek's disease virus (mdv) was determined. the sequence contained six open reading frames (orfs), four of which were homologous to proteins mapping in the us region of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1). these include the homologues of hsv-1 protein kinase, glycoprotein d (gd), glycoprotein i (gi) and us2 which is of unknown function. the mdv orfs had a marked bias for ... | 1991 | 1849977 |
| herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2 infection in human oral mucosa in culture. | to examine the sensitivity of human oral mucosa to herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) and type 2 (hsv-2) infection, human gingival mucosa explants were infected with either hsv-1 or hsv-2 in vitro and the expression of virus specific antigen was examined by the immunofluorescent antibody technique. hsv-2 antigen was found in the basement membrane, basal cell layer and lower prickle cell layer. this finding was consistent with the hsv-1 infection. electron microscopic study revealed the presence ... | 1991 | 1849992 |
| relationship between polyadenylated and nonpolyadenylated herpes simplex virus type 1 latency-associated transcripts. | rna from the region of the genome encoding herpes simplex virus type 1 latency-associated transcripts (lats) expressed during lytic infection yields low abundances of both polyadenylated and nonpolyadenylated forms. as has been previously shown for latent infection (a. t. dobson, f. sedarati, g. devi-rao, w. m. flanagan, m. j. farrell, j. g. stevens, e. k. wagner, and l. t. feldman. j. virol. 63:3844-3851, 1989), all lytic-phase expression of such transcripts requires promoter elements situated ... | 1991 | 1850005 |
| antigenic and protein sequence homology between vp13/14, a herpes simplex virus type 1 tegument protein, and gp10, a glycoprotein of equine herpesvirus 1 and 4. | monospecific polyclonal antisera raised against vp13/14, a major tegument protein of herpes simplex virus type 1 cross-reacted with structural equine herpesvirus 1 and 4 proteins of mr 120,000 and 123,000, respectively; these proteins are identical in molecular weight to the corresponding glycoprotein 10 (gp10) of each virus. using a combination of immune precipitation and western immunoblotting techniques, we confirmed that anti-vp13/14 and a monoclonal antibody to gp10 reacted with the same pr ... | 1991 | 1850013 |
| regulation of the herpesvirus saimiri (hvs) delayed-early 110-kilodalton promoter by hvs immediate-early gene products and a homolog of the epstein-barr virus r trans activator. | we have reported previously the detection of two stable immediate-early (ie) transcripts that accumulate in cycloheximide-treated cells infected with herpesvirus saimiri (hvs). these are the 1.6-kb mrna from the 52-kda gene (which is homologous to the bslf2-bmlf1 gene of epstein-barr virus) and the 1.3-kb mrna from the hindiii-g fragment of virus dna. in order to study the roles of the hvs ie gene products in the progression of a lytic infection, the promoter region of the delayed-early 110-kda ... | 1991 | 1850023 |
| a subset of herpes simplex virus replication genes provides helper functions for productive adeno-associated virus replication. | herpesviruses are helper viruses for productive adeno-associated virus (aav) replication. to analyze the herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) functions mediating helper activity, we coinfected hela cells with aav type 2 (aav-2) and different hsv-1 mutants defective in individual hsv replication genes. aav replication was fully accomplished in the absence of hsv dna replication and thus did not require expression of late hsv genes. in addition, hsv mutants lacking either the origin-binding protein ... | 1991 | 1850024 |
| elements in the transcriptional regulatory region flanking herpes simplex virus type 1 oris stimulate origin function. | like other dna-containing viruses, the three origins of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) dna replication are flanked by sequences containing transcriptional regulatory elements. in a transient plasmid replication assay, deletion of sequences comprising the transcriptional regulatory elements of icp4 and icp22/47, which flank oris, resulted in a greater than 80-fold decrease in origin function compared with a plasmid, pos-822, which retains these sequences. in an effort to identify specific ci ... | 1991 | 1850034 |
| an antigen encoded by the latency-associated transcript in neuronal cell cultures latently infected with herpes simplex virus type 1. | during latent infection of neurons with herpes simplex virus type 1, viral transcription is restricted to the latency-associated transcripts (lats). these rnas contain open reading frames, but detection of a protein encoded by the lats has not been reported. we used immunocytochemical techniques to demonstrate that an antiserum directed against a bacterially expressed fusion protein containing part of a lat-encoded polypeptide recognized an antigen present in primary neurons latently infected in ... | 1991 | 1850045 |
| herpes simplex virus type 1 long-term persistence, latency, and reactivation in infected burkitt lymphoma cells. | the two herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) strains f and ak which differ in virus-cell interaction and in dna organization, were used to establish persistently productive infections in burkitt lymphoma-derived cell lines bjab and raji. four such lines could be maintained over a period of three years. like the uninfected parental lines, the persistently infected cells display a cyclic pattern of cell proliferation. the expression of hsv-1-specific antigens proved to be variable. as a consequence ... | 1991 | 1850231 |
| the coincidence of hsv-1 ocular cultures with hsv-1 corneal epithelial defects in rabbits after experimental penetrating keratoplasty. | penetrating keratoplasty (pkp) in conjunction with postoperative corticosteroids may reactivate latent herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) to cause persistent postoperative epithelial defects. the clinical diagnosis of hsv keratitis after penetrating keratoplasty is difficult because the postoperative appearance may be nondendritic and, therefore, not characteristic of hsv-1 infection. presently, the most reliable method to diagnose hsv-1 under these conditions is to culture eyes for the presenc ... | 1991 | 1850340 |
| use of the polymerase chain reaction to detect herpes simplex virus dna in paraffin sections of human brain at necropsy. | the feasibility of detecting herpesvirus dna in paraffin sections of routinely fixed and processed human necropsy brains by use of the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was assessed. a 110 bp segment of the thymidine kinase gene of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv1) could readily be amplified in sections from the brains of six patients with acute hsv1 encephalitis but not from those of six patients with other neurological diseases, including varicella-zoster encephalitis and herpes simplex virus t ... | 1991 | 1850452 |
| the association of thymidine kinase activity and thymidine transport in escherichia coli. | we have constructed a series of mutants within the putative nucleoside-binding site of the herpes simplex type-1 virus (hsv-1) thymidine kinase (tk)-encoding gene (tk), contained within an expression vector. while most mutations within this sequence produce an inactive protein, we find no absolute requirement for the wild-type ile166 and ala167. the uptake of thymidine (dt) into escherichia coli tdk-, lacking functional endogenous tk activity, is proportional to the amount of tk activity express ... | 1991 | 1850708 |
| expression of hsv-1 and hsv-2 glycoprotein g in insect cells by using a novel baculovirus expression vector. | herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (hsv-1 and hsv-2) glycoprotein g (gg-1 and gg-2) were expressed in insect cells from recombinant baculoviruses (acdsmgg-1 and acdsmgg-2, respectively) constructed using a novel baculovirus transfer vector, pacdsm. this vector allows the coding region of a foreign gene to be precisely linked to the baculovirus polyhedrin gene at the translation initiation site and retains the native polyhedrin translation initiation environment. fourfold more gg-1, with a higher ... | 1991 | 1850903 |
| identification of a major regulatory sequence in the latency associated transcript (lat) promoter of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1). | the latency associated transcript (lat) gene is the only viral genomic region that is abundantly transcribed during herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) neuronal latency. as such, it may play an important role in hsv-1 latency and/or reactivation. the regulation of the lat gene is complex and appears to include a combination of positive and negative functional elements in and near the lat promoter. in this study, transient cat assays were used to map the minimal promoter necessary for constitutiv ... | 1991 | 1850907 |
| mutagenesis occurring following infection with herpes simplex virus does not require virus replication. | infection of eukaryotic cells in culture with herpes simplex virus type-1 (hsv-1) or hsv-2 increased the mutation frequency of the supf gene carried on the shuttle vector pz189 by around sixfold. the increase was apparent 2 hr postinfection and reached a peak after 8 hr. to investigate this mutagenesis, plasmids pckrr1 and pckrr2 were constructed to express the large and small subunits, respectively, of hsv-2 ribonucleotide reductase (rr) under the control of the inducible mouse metallothionein ... | 1991 | 1850920 |
| sequence and expression of the glycoprotein gh gene of pseudorabies virus. | in the pseudorabies virus (prv) genome a gene equivalent to the glycoprotein gh gene of other herpesviruses was identified and sequenced. it is located immediately downstream from the gene encoding prv thymidine kinase within genomic bamhi fragments 11 and 16. nucleotide sequencing allowed deduction of the amino acid sequence of gh. the primary translation product is predicted to comprise 686 amino acids and to exhibit a molecular weight of 71.9 kda. it possess several characteristics typical fo ... | 1991 | 1850925 |
| the large subunit of herpes simplex virus type 1 ribonucleotide reductase: expression in escherichia coli and purification. | the open reading frame of the large subunit (r1) of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) ribonucleotide reductase has been positioned downstream of the phage t7 gene 10 promoter in the expression vector, pet. transformation of this recombinant plasmid into escherichia coli bl21 de3 cells containing the t7 rna polymerase, under the control of the lac uv5 promoter, allows expression of the subunit on induction of the t7 rna polymerase by isopropyl thiodigalactoside. the expressed protein is soluble ... | 1991 | 1850930 |