| ecological half-time and effective dose from chernobyl debris and from nuclear weapons fallout of 137cs as measured in different swedish populations. | the fallout in sweden of radiocesium from nuclear weapons tests during the 1960's (137cs) and from the chernobyl accident in 1986 (134cs and 137cs) has transferred to humans through different ecological pathways. data from whole-body burden measurements of 134cs, 137cs, and 40k in various swedish populations between 1964 and 2002 have been compiled. this database enables an evaluation of the temporal and geographical dependence of the transfer of radiocesium from ground deposition to humans and ... | 2006 | 16607176 |
| testing five hypotheses of sexual segregation in an arctic ungulate. | 1. sexual segregation occurs in most species of sexually dimorphic ungulates. at least five not mutually exclusive hypotheses have been formulated to explain patterns of social, habitat and spatial segregation; the indirect competition hypothesis (h1), the nutritional needs hypothesis (h2), the activity budget hypothesis (h3), the weather sensitivity hypothesis (h4), and the predation risk hypothesis (h5). 2. each hypothesis has a unique set of predictions with respect to the occurrence of segre ... | 2006 | 16638001 |
| quantification of cortisol, cortisol immunoreactive metabolites, and immunoglobulin a in serum, saliva, urine, and feces for noninvasive assessment of stress in reindeer. | this study was designed to develop reliable methods for quantification of cortisol and cortisol immunoreactive metabolites (c-cim) and immunoglobulin a (iga) in reindeer serum, saliva, urine, and feces as tools for the objective noninvasive assessment of well-being and immunocompetence in reindeer. although c-cim was readily quantifiable by radioimmunoassay in serum, urine, and feces, the levels in saliva samples were low, rendering quantification unreliable. whereas iga concentrations were high ... | 2006 | 16639949 |
| activity and heart rate in semi-domesticated reindeer during adaptation to emergency feeding. | although reindeer are well adapted to limited food resources during winter, semi-domesticated reindeer are regularly fed when snow conditions are bad in order to prevent starvation. feeding sometimes results in health problems and loss of animals. this study was made to assess if activity pattern in reindeer could be used as a tool for the reindeer herder in early detection of animals that are not adapting to feeding. the frequency of 10 behavioural categories was recorded in five groups of penn ... | 2006 | 16643971 |
| age dependence of photosynthesis in the caribou lichen cladina stellaris. | the fruticose thallus of the lichen cladina stellaris (opiz.) brodo can be subdivided into individual whorls of branches of known age. photosynthesis declines steadily with age from a maximum rate of 0.76 milligram co(2) per gram dry weight per hour in 1-year-old whorls to 0.02 milligram co(2) per gram dry weight per hour after 15 years. conversely, the dry biomass of the whorls increases up to age 9 years and then approximately levels off. photosynthesis in whorls older than 15 years is less th ... | 1983 | 16662925 |
| body protein stores and isotopic indicators of n balance in female reindeer (rangifer tarandus) during winter. | we studied bred and unbred female reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus) during 12 wk of winter when ambient temperatures were low and nitrogen (n) demand for fetal growth is highest in pregnant females. animals were fed a complete pelleted diet ad lib. that contained 2.54% n in dry matter that was 80% +/- 2% (x +/- sd) digestible. female reindeer lost 64% +/- 14% of body fat but gained 34% +/- 11% of lean mass from 10 wk prepartum to parturition. these changes were equivalent to average balances ... | 2006 | 16691528 |
| good reindeer mothers live longer and become better in raising offspring. | longevity is the main factor influencing individual fitness of long-lived, iteroparous species. theories of life history evolution suggest this is because increased longevity allows individuals to (i) have more breeding attempts (time component), (ii) accumulate experience so as to become better able to rear offspring (experience component) or (iii) because individuals reaching old age have above-average quality (quality component). we assess empirically the relative influences of time, experien ... | 2006 | 16720397 |
| the third newly discovered eimeria species (protozoa: eimeriidae) described from wild reindeer, rangifer tarandus, in iceland. | fecal samples from 56 adult reindeer from eastern iceland were examined for coccidian parasites. one eimeria species was found in an 8-year-old male. prevalence of infection was 1.8%; oocyst per gram (opg) value was 150. the coccidium was identified and described as a new species. the sporulated oocysts are ellipsoidal and average size is 30.0 x 21.1 microm. the oocyst has two distinct walls. wall thickness is approximately 1.0 microm, and the outer wall, approximately four-fifths of total thick ... | 2006 | 16721601 |
| ovarian function and pregnancy rates in reindeer calves (rangifer tarandus ) in southern norway. | reindeer calves (n = 632) were slaughtered in november/december (n = 476) or in january (n = 156). dressed weights and amount of perirenal fat were recorded, and the reproductive organs were collected. a separate group of 130 reindeer calves were weighed at 7 months of age and were followed up with repeated weighings and pregnancy examinations up to 21 months. the onset of puberty and the pregnancy rate were significantly influenced by body weight and the amount of perirenal fat. approximately 6 ... | 1991 | 16727001 |
| bovine oocyte maturation, fertilization and further development in vitro and after transfer into recipients. | bovine oocytes were aspirated from ovaries within 1.6 to 2 hours after slaughter. they were then matured in tcm-199 medium drops under oil in co(2)/air incubator at 39 degrees c. spermatozoa were capacitated in sp-talp medium with heparin. the percentage of embryos that developed in vitro to the 4- and 6- cell stages 48 hours post insemination and then reached the morula or blastocyst stage was 64.3% and 59.2%, respectively, while only 3.6% of the embryos that reached the 2-cell stage became mor ... | 1992 | 16727148 |
| in vitro maturation and fertilization of oocytes from norwegian semi-domestic reindeer (rangifer tarandus ). | reindeer oocytes were submitted to in vitro maturation, fertilization and culture (ivm,ivf,ivc) using the established procedures for bovine in vitro embryo production. the study was conducted outside the main breeding season. semen was collected from epididymides immediately after slaughter, and was diluted in tris-fructose-citric acid extender containing 6% glycerol and 20% egg-yolk and then frozen in liquid nitrogen. following 24 h of maturation, cumulus expansion was complete, and 71% of the ... | 1994 | 16727394 |
| use of br and se in peat to reconstruct the natural and anthropogenic fluxes of atmospheric hg: a 10000-year record from caribou bog, maine. | using br and se as reference elements, the natural and anthropogenic fluxes of atmospheric hg were reconstructed for the past 10,000 years using peat cores from caribou bog, me. in the ombrotrophic peat layers, the average background hg accumulation rate (ar) was 1.7 +/- 1.3 microg m(-2) year(-1) which is comparable with the natural rate of atmospheric hg accumulation reported in other retrospective studies. the average hg ar determined using all peat samples dating from preindustrial times, inc ... | 2006 | 16749680 |
| [comparative analysis cows and female caribou reproductive organs function: progesterone contain in reproductive organs blood vessels]. | | 2006 | 16756100 |
| microplate screening assay for binding of ligands to bovine or reindeer beta-lactoglobulins. | several analytical methods have been used to determine whether ligands bind to bovine beta-lactoglobulin (betalg). the most common methods are based on fluorescence quenching. we have miniaturised this method from a quartz cell to a 96-well plate. the miniaturisation was evaluated using retinol. the binding constants between the two methods demonstrated a good correlation. the 96-well plate method is much faster and allows many references to be used in the same analysis. the miniaturised method ... | 2006 | 16766039 |
| diverse tastes: genetics of sweet and bitter perception. | humans will eat almost anything, from caribou livers to rutabagas, but there are some types of foods, and their associated taste qualities, that are preferred by large groups of people regardless of culture or experience. when many choices are available, humans chose foods that taste good, that is, create pleasing sensations in the mouth. the concept of good taste for most people encompasses both flavor and texture of food, and these sensations merge with taste proper to form the concept of good ... | 2006 | 16782140 |
| prevalence of cryptosporidium and giardia in free-ranging wild cervids in norway. | faecal samples were collected from 1,190 wild cervids in norway and analyzed for cysts/oocysts of the protozoan parasites giardia and cryptosporidium. samples were from calves, yearlings and adults of moose (alces alces), red deer (cervus elaphus), roe deer (capreolus capreolus) and reindeer (rangifer tarandus) shot during the hunting season. cryptosporidium was found in 15 (3.3%) of 455 moose, 1 (0.3%) of 289 red deer, 18 (6.2%) of 291 roe deer, but was not found in any of 155 reindeer. giardia ... | 2006 | 16797126 |
| vsp accumulation and cold-inducible gene expression during autumn hardening and overwintering of alfalfa. | this study describes the time-course of the accumulation of total soluble proteins (tsps) and vegetative storage proteins (vsps) and of the transcripts of cold-inducible (ci) and vsp-encoding genes in taproots of two alfalfa cultivars (ac caribou and europe) during their acclimation to natural autumn hardening and overwintering conditions in eastern canada. the impact of a defoliation in september on these winter hardening-related changes was also assessed. both concentrations and pools of vsps ... | 2006 | 16798845 |
| [comparative analysis of functions of reproductive organs in cow and female reindeer. blood cells content in vessels of reproductive organs]. | | 2006 | 16808284 |
| mitochondrial dna and microsatellite dna variation in domestic reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus) and relationships with wild caribou (rangifer tarandus granti, rangifer tarandus groenlandicus, and rangifer tarandus caribou). | reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus) in alaska are semidomestic livestock descended from 1280 animals introduced from siberia, russia, approximately 100 years ago. genetic variation at 18 microsatellite dna loci and the cytochrome b gene of mitochondrial dna (mtdna) was quantified in reindeer from alaska, siberia (russia), and scandinavia and compared with wild north american caribou. mean sequence divergence among 15 mtdna haplotypes in reindeer was 0.007 substitutions per nucleotide site, and ... | 2006 | 16837563 |
| investigating the effects of prehistoric migrations in siberia: genetic variation and the origins of yakuts. | the yakuts (also known as sakha), turkic-speaking cattle- and horse-breeders, inhabit a vast territory in central and northeastern siberia. on the basis of the archaeological, ethnographic and linguistic evidence, they are assumed to have migrated north from their original area of settlement in the vicinity of lake baykal in south siberia under the pressure of the mongol expansion during the thirteenth to fifteenth century ad: . during their initial migration and subsequent expansion, the ancest ... | 2006 | 16845541 |
| identification of a haemomycoplasma species in anemic reindeer (rangifer tarandus). | during an 18-mo period (may 2002-november 2003), 10 animals in a herd of 19 reindeer (rangifer tarandus) at the national animal disease center (nadc) experienced episodes of anemia. affected animals had histories of weight loss, unthriftiness, occasionally edema of dependent parts and moderate anemia characterized by microcytosis or macrocytosis, hypochromasia, schistocytosis, keratocytosis, acanthocytosis, and dacryocytosis. numerous basophilic punctate to ring-shaped bodies, measuring less tha ... | 2006 | 16870847 |
| helminthologic survey of the wolf (canis lupus) in estonia, with an emphasis on echinococcus granulosus. | carcasses of 26 wolves were collected during the 2000/2001 and 2003/2004 hunting seasons and examined for helminths. thirteen helminth species were recorded: one trematode (alaria alata), seven cestodes (diphyllobothrium latum, mesocestoides lineatus, taenia hydatigena, taenia multiceps, taenia ovis, taenia pisiformis, and echinococcus granulosus), and five nematode species (uncinaria stenocephala, toxascaris leonina, toxocara canis, trichinella nativa, and trichinella britovi). the most common ... | 2006 | 16870858 |
| an exploratory study of total mercury levels in archaeological caribou hair from northwest alaska. | over the past ten years, total mercury (thg) levels have been surveyed in alaskan wildlife and fish as part of the arctic monitoring and assessment (amap). beyond these studies there is little historical data on thg levels in important subsistence species for people in alaska. a survey of thg in caribou hair from archaeological deposits would provide data to develop temporal trends for this region of the arctic. caribou hair from a western thule settlement beneath the alaska native village of de ... | 2006 | 16876850 |
| prevalence of sarcocystis spp. in two subspecies of caribou (rangifer tarandus) in newfoundland and labrador, and foxes (vulpes vulpes), wolves (canis lupus), and husky dogs (canis familiaris) as potential definitive hosts. | a study was conducted to determine the prevalence and geographical distribution of sarcocystis spp. infecting 2 subspecies of caribou (rangifer tarandus) inhabiting newfoundland and labrador and its potential definitive hosts. muscle samples of caribou were obtained, primarily from hunters, and feces of red foxes (vulpes vulpes) and wolves (canis lupus), from trappers, and husky dogs (canis familiaris), from owners. histological sections of muscle and flotation methods for feces were used for pa ... | 2006 | 16884021 |
| decreasing lead levels in swedish biota revealed by 36 years (1969-2004) of environmental monitoring. | since the 1980s, lead levels decreased significantly in most marine biota from the baltic sea, the kattegatt and the skagerrack and in terrestrial biota from south and central sweden, analysed in the national swedish environmental monitoring programme. in herring and cod liver, the decrease was 4.2-7.1% annually 1981-2003 and in perch liver and guillemot eggs analysed since the middle of the 1990s the decrease was 10-13%. in kidneys of young starlings from south and central sweden, lead levels d ... | 2006 | 16896466 |
| diet and behavior of the saint-césaire neanderthal inferred from biogeochemical data inversion. | biogeochemistry is a powerful tool for dietary reconstruction, and mixing equations can be used to quantify the contribution of multiple sources to an individual's diet. the goals of this paper are: 1) to generalize the inverse method to dietary mixtures; and 2) to reconstruct the diet of the saint-césaire neanderthal using sr/ca and ba/ca data of the mineral fraction of bone (hydroxylapatite), and with published delta13c and delta15n data of the associated organic fraction of bone (collagen). a ... | 2006 | 16908051 |
| lifestyle, genetics, and disease in sami. | to present a summary of the lifestyle, genetic origin, diet, and disease in the population of sami, indigenous people of northern fennoscandia. | 2006 | 16909452 |
| influence of diet on fatty acids and tocopherols in m. longissimus dorsi from reindeer. | our aim was to compare the effects of two pelleted diets containing differing fa composition with natural lichen pasture on reindeer's meat fa composition. in addition we wanted to increase the knowledge about reindeer fa metabolism and the effect of animal sex and age on fa composition in reindeer muscle. the trial included five reindeer groups: three grazing, consisting of adult males, adult females, and calves; and two groups of calves fed conventional pellets (cpd) and pellets containing cru ... | 2006 | 16933791 |
| population dynamics of nematode parasites of reindeer in the sub-arctic. | nematode parasite infections of semi-domestic reindeer grazing in their natural habitat in northern finland were monitored for approximately 2 years. this was achieved by monthly faecal egg counts of male and female calves and adult females from an experimental reindeer herd, in addition to estimating the acquisition of nematode infection from pasture using tracer reindeer calves. the most abundant parasite was ostertagia gruehneri in the worm counts of tracer animals and in faecal egg counts of ... | 2006 | 16934935 |
| temporomandibular disorders, headaches, and cervical pain among females in a sami population. | the aim of this study was to examine the prevalence and co-morbidity of long-standing, intense, and frequent symptoms of pain and dysfunction in the jaw-face, head, and cervical region among adult females drawn from the sami population in northern sweden. | 2006 | 16945899 |
| campylobacter spp., enterococcus spp., escherichia coli, salmonella spp., yersinia spp., and cryptosporidium oocysts in semi-domesticated reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus) in northern finland and norway. | the specific aim of this study was to assess the faecal shedding of zoonotic enteropathogens by semi-domesticated reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus) to deduce the potential risk to human health through modern reindeer herding. in total, 2,243 faecal samples of reindeer from northern regions of finland and norway were examined for potentially enteropathogenic bacteria (campylobacter species, enterococcus species, escherichia coli, salmonella species and yersinia species) and parasites (cryptos ... | 2006 | 16987403 |
| perceived and measured levels of environmental pollution: interdisciplinary research in the subarctic lowlands of northeast european russia. | using interdisciplinary field research in the usa basin, northeast european russia, we compared local inhabitants' perception of environmental problems with chemical and remote-sensing signatures of environmental pollution and their local impacts. extensive coal mining since the 1930s around inta and vorkuta has left a legacy of pollution, detected by measuring snowpack, topsoil, and lichen chemistry, together with remote-sensing techniques and analysis of lake water and sediments. vorkuta and i ... | 2006 | 16989506 |
| [disease monitoring in european mouflon (ovis gmelini musimon) populations by clinical blood tests--aspects of epidemiology and treatment control of claw diseases]. | european mouflon are in the focus of research since they were brought from the tyrrhenic islands to the european mainland a hundred years ago. from the beginning many populations on european mainland suffer from different claw diseases which are unknown in their original habitats. foot rot, the ovine purulent laminitis, whose existence im wild ruminants was negotiated some years before, furthermore claw alterations caused by primary or secondary lack of trace elements similar to the copper defic ... | 2006 | 17007468 |
| ige cross reactivity between reindeer and bovine milk beta-lactoglobulins in cow's milk allergic patients. | allergic reactions to cow's milk are common in small children. one of the main protein allergens found in cow's milk is beta-lactoglobulin (beta-lg). reindeer and bovine milk both contain related beta-lg proteins, but the allergenicity of reindeer beta-lg has not previously been studied. the purpose of this study was to analyze the immunological cross-reactivity of ige antibodies from children with cow's milk allergy to reindeer and bovine beta-lg. | 2006 | 17039668 |
| balancing within various discourses--the art of being old and living as a sami woman. | the aim of this part of the umeå 85+ study was to explore how indigenous women narrate their lives and their experience of being old as sami women. interviews with 9 old sami women were analyzed using grounded theory. the categories identified were "reindeer as the basis of life," "longing for significant sami values," "feeling valued as a sami woman," and "changing for survival;" these evolved into the core category: "balancing within various discourses-the art of being old and living as a sami ... | 2006 | 17043029 |
| oral myiasis in a child by the reindeer warble fly larva hypoderma tarandi. | we describe a case of human oral myiasis by a first-stage larva of the reindeer warble fly, hypoderma (oedemagena) tarandi (l.) (diptera: oestridae), in a 12-year-old girl. in september the patient complained of erythema, swelling and conjunctivitis of the right eyelid. symptoms subsided spontaneously but re-occurred in october. in december she presented with acute swelling of the right corner of the mouth. later that day a living larva protruded from this swelling. the patient had been on vacat ... | 2006 | 17044887 |
| suicide among indigenous sami in arctic norway, 1970-1998. | suicide mortality was examined between 1970 and 1998 in a cohort of 19,801 persons categorized as indigenous sami in arctic norway. standardized mortality ratios (smr) were calculated using the suicide rates of the rural population of arctic norway as reference. there was a significant moderate increased risk for suicide among indigenous sami (smr = 1.27, 95% confidence interval (ci): 1.02-1.56). in the study period, 89 suicides occurred in the cohort (70 men and 19 women) with increased suicide ... | 2006 | 17048080 |
| reindeer beta-lactoglobulin crystal structure with pseudo-body-centred noncrystallographic symmetry. | reindeer beta-lactoglobulin (betalg) belongs to the lipocalin superfamily. its dna and protein sequences have been determined and showed that it had nine residue changes from bovine betalg. reindeer betalg, the structure of which was finally determined at 2.1 a resolution in space group p1, crystallized in a unit cell that is both p2-like and p2(1)-like owing to the presence of an almost perfect (but noncrystallographic) body-centring vector. the non-body-centred data could only be observed usin ... | 2006 | 17057340 |
| simulating the influences of various fire regimes on caribou winter habitat. | caribou are an integral component of high-latitude ecosystems and represent a major subsistence food source for many northern people. the availability and quality of winter habitat is critical to sustain these caribou populations. caribou commonly use older spruce woodlands with adequate terrestrial lichen, a preferred winter forage, in the understory. changes in climate and fire regime pose a significant threat to the long-term sustainability of this important winter habitat. computer simulatio ... | 2006 | 17069367 |
| geographic pattern of serum antibody prevalence for brucella spp. in caribou, grizzly bears, and wolves from alaska, 1975-1998. | blood samples were collected from 2,635 caribou (rangifer tarandus), 1,238 grizzly bears (ursus arctos), and 930 wolves (canis lupus) from throughout mainland alaska during 1975-98. sera were tested for evidence of exposure to brucella spp. serum antibody prevalences were highest in the northwestern region of the state. in any specific area, antibody prevalences for caribou and wolves were of a similar magnitude, whereas antibody prevalence for bears in these same areas were two to three times h ... | 2006 | 17092888 |
| prolonged persistence of fecally excreted ivermectin from reindeer in a sub-arctic environment. | in december 2001 and 2002, feces from reindeer calves treated with ivermectin were distributed on plots established on two types of forested reindeer pasture in northern finland. the ungrazed plots were on an enclosure that had been fenced to prevent reindeer access for the last 6 years. the grazed plots were on an area that had been heavily stocked by reindeer during the last 5 years. after enclosures had been established, reindeer and large wildlife were prevented from entering by a fence. top ... | 2006 | 17117798 |
| steroid hormone secretion during the ovulatory cycle and pregnancy in farmed alaskan reindeer. | seasonal endocrine changes in 5 non-bred and 10 pregnant alaskan reindeer have been documented. blood samples were collected from early september until early may, spanning the breeding season, gestation, or the anovulatory period. plasma was analyzed by ria for progesterone (p4), estradiol-17beta, estrone, and estrone sulfate. elevated p4 in 80% of the reindeer at the onset of the study indicated that ovarian activity had been initiated. the median date for the onset of the first recorded full-l ... | 2007 | 17121977 |
| ecological role of reindeer summer browsing in the mountain birch (betula pubescens ssp. czerepanovii) forests: effects on plant defense, litter decomposition, and soil nutrient cycling. | mammalian herbivores commonly alter the concentrations of secondary compounds in plants and, by this mechanism, have indirect effects on litter decomposition and soil carbon and nutrient cycling. in northernmost fennoscandia, the subarctic mountain birch (betula pubescens ssp. czerepanovii) forests are important pasture for the semidomestic reindeer (rangifer tarandus). in the summer ranges, mountain birches are intensively browsed, whereas in the winter ranges, reindeer feed on ground lichens, ... | 2007 | 17123112 |
| where clocks are redundant: weak circadian mechanisms in reindeer living under polar photic conditions. | biological rhythms are a result of interplay between endogenous clocks and the ambient light-dark (ld) cycle. biological timing in resident polar organisms presents a conundrum because these experience distinct daily ld cycles for only a few weeks each year. we measured locomotor activity in reindeer, rangifer tarandus platyrhynchus (sr, n = 5 and 6) and r. tarandus tarandus (nr, n = 6), ranging freely at 78 and 70 degrees n, respectively, continuously throughout 1 year using data loggers. nr, b ... | 2007 | 17131139 |
| changes in reindeer herding work and their effect on occupational accidents. | the aims of the study were to investigate the risk of occupational accidents in reindeer herding work in the long run, and to find out if the changes of work processes caused by joining the european union in 1995 can be seen in accident statistics. | 2006 | 17131974 |
| the relative role of winter and spring conditions: linking climate and landscape-scale plant phenology to alpine reindeer body mass. | the relative importance of winter harshness and early summer foraging conditions are of prime interest when assessing the effect of global warming on arctic and mountainous ecosystems. we explored how climate and vegetation onset (satellite-derived normalized difference vegetation index data) determined individual performance in three reindeer populations (data on 27814 calves sampled over 11 years). snow conditions, spring temperatures and topography were the main determinants of the onset of t ... | 2005 | 17148119 |
| connecting the dots: an invariant migration corridor links the holocene to the present. | numerous species undergo impressive movements, but due to massive changes in land use, long distance migration in terrestrial vertebrates has become a highly fragile ecological phenomenon. uncertainty about the locations of past migrations and the importance of current corridors hampers conservation planning. using archeological data from historic kill sites and modern methods to track migration, we document an invariant, 150 km (one-way) migration corridor used for at least 6000 years by north ... | 2006 | 17148280 |
| 137cs and 90sr in live and dead reindeer lichens (genera cladonia) from the "kraton-3" underground nuclear explosion site. | the contents of 137cs and 90sr have been determined in 29 samples of live and dead reindeer lichens (genera cladonia) collected at the "kraton-3" underground nuclear explosion site (65.9 degrees n 112.3 degrees e, event year--1978) in yakutia, russia in 2002. the area contamination was within the range of 0.36-700 and 0.13-770 kbq m(-2) for 137cs and 90sr, respectively. the dead organisms were on average much more contaminated than the live ones. vertical fractionation of the live lichen carpet ... | 2007 | 17222484 |
| the foetal membranes of the rain-deer (rangifer tarandus). | | 1878 | 17231220 |
| radiocesium in caribou and reindeer in northern canada, alaska and greenland from 1958 to 2000. | this study summarizes the spatial and temporal trends of fallout (137)cs concentrations in caribou and reindeer (rangifer tarandus ssp.), reported in various programs in canada, alaska and greenland, over a 40-y period. during the 1960s, the highest (137)cs concentrations (2000-3000bqkg(-1) wet weight in muscle) were found in the large caribou herds of central northern canada, with levels about 50% lower in alaska and greenland. concentrations varied by up to a factor of 6 between spring and fal ... | 2007 | 17239506 |
| male phenotypic quality influences offspring sex ratio in a polygynous ungulate. | evolutionary models of sex ratio adjustment applied to mammals have ignored that females may gain indirect genetic benefits from their mates. the differential allocation hypothesis (dah) predicts that females bias the sex ratio of their offspring towards (more costly) males when breeding with an attractive male. we manipulated the number of available males during rut in a polygynous ungulate species, the reindeer (rangifer tarandus), and found that a doubling of average male mass (and thus male ... | 2007 | 17254998 |
| malignant catarrhal fever in free-ranging cervids associated with ovhv-2 and cphv-2 dna. | pathologic lesions were summarized in 18 free-ranging cervids (15 moose [alces alces], two roe deer [capreolus capreolus], and one red deer [cervus elaphus]) diagnosed with malignant catarrhal fever (mcf) after examination at the national veterinary institute, oslo 1982-2005. eye lesions (conjunctivitis, corneal opacity, fibrin clots in the anterior eye chamber) were the most frequent gross finding. erosive-ulcerative mucosal lesions in the nose and mouth were also commonly found. histopathology ... | 2006 | 17255446 |
| reindeer bmp extract in the healing of critical-size bone defects in the radius of the rabbit. | native bmp extracts from reindeer effectively induce ectopic new bone formation in vivo, but their bone healing properties have not yet been evaluated. we investigated the effect of reindeer bmp extracts on the healing of long bone defects. | 2006 | 17260207 |
| genetic structure of circumpolar populations: a synthesis. | this article summarizes research conducted on the genetic structure of circumpolar populations of alaska, siberia, and the aleutian archipelago from 1977 to present. three research programs are described: (1) 1977-1978, on the genetics of small, yupik-speaking communities of st. lawrence island (savoonga and gambell) compared with inupk communities of king island and wales, alaska. this research, based on 25 standard protein and blood markers, demonstrated genetic discontinuity between the popul ... | 2007 | 17286261 |
| [the cytoplasmic isozymes of carbonic anhydrase in the gastrointestinal tract of reindeer]. | the cytoplasmic isozymes of carbonic anhydrase: ca i and ca ii, in the gastrointestinal tract tissues of reindeer were identified by electrophoresis and substrate-inhibitory tests. the study of the tissue distribution and composition of the cytoplasmic isozymes has shown, that isozyme ca ii is found in the forestomachs and the colon mucosal tissue, whereas isozyme ca ii predominates in the abomasum and small intestinal mucosa tissue. | 2006 | 17290882 |
| nordic rattle: the hoarse vocalization and the inflatable laryngeal air sac of reindeer (rangifer tarandus). | laryngeal air sacs have evolved convergently in diverse mammalian lineages including insectivores, bats, rodents, pinnipeds, ungulates and primates, but their precise function has remained elusive. among cervids, the vocal tract of reindeer has evolved an unpaired inflatable ventrorostral laryngeal air sac. this air sac is not present at birth but emerges during ontogenetic development. it protrudes from the laryngeal vestibulum via a short duct between the epiglottis and the thyroid cartilage. ... | 2007 | 17310544 |
| a 12-month survey of gastrointestinal helminth infections of cervids kept in two zoos in belgium. | infections with helminths are a major health issue in captive and wild deer. in this study, fecal egg count patterns and clinical signs associated with gastrointestinal nematodes were assessed for 12 mo in nine cervid herds kept under different husbandry conditions at two sites. at site 1, an urban zoo, fecal egg counts remained low and no clinical signs of parasitic gastroenteritis were seen in the herds of fallow deer (dama dama), dybowski's deer (cervus nippon dybowski), pudu (pudu pudu), and ... | 2005 | 17312767 |
| [polymorphism of issr-pcr markers in tuvinian population of reindeer rangifer tarandus l]. | the results of the first analysis of the reindeer population inhabiting the south of siberia, the republic of tyva (tuva), performed by use of inter-simple sequence repeat (issr) technique, are reported. using issr-pcr with two primers, a total of 71 fragments of different size were detected. furthermore, for the population examined the indices of the mean pairwise similarity and the mean heterozygosity were calculated. the approach used can be recommended as a useful tool for the genetic divers ... | 2006 | 17326395 |
| comparative cryptogam ecology: a review of bryophyte and lichen traits that drive biogeochemistry. | recent decades have seen a major surge in the study of interspecific variation in functional traits in comparative plant ecology, as a tool to understanding and predicting ecosystem functions and their responses to environmental change. however, this research has been biased almost exclusively towards vascular plants. very little is known about the role and applicability of functional traits of non-vascular cryptogams, particularly bryophytes and lichens, with respect to biogeochemical cycling. ... | 2007 | 17353205 |
| who should manage protected areas in the swedish mountain region? a survey approach to co-management. | this article investigates attitudes towards co-management of protected areas in sweden, at the national, county and local level. in sweden, protected areas are still primarily designated and managed hierarchically-a practice increasingly contested by people living close to them, including indigenous sámi reindeer herders whose economic activities are located within protected areas. the general view could, on the contrary, be anticipated to be pro-state since protected areas are considered to be ... | 2008 | 17367915 |
| activity pattern of arctic reindeer in a predator-free environment: no need to keep a daily rhythm. | arctic cervids face considerable challenges in sustaining life in a harsh and highly seasonal environment, and when to forage is a key component of the survival strategy. we predict that a cervid maximizes net intake of energy to change the duration of feeding-ruminating cycles depending on season, and pays no attention to light or other activity-entraining cues. still, in periods of bad weather it may pay energetically to reduce exposure and heat loss. we investigated environmental impact on th ... | 2007 | 17370092 |
| relative biological effectiveness (rbe) of alpha radiation in cultured porcine aortic endothelial cells. | northern peoples can receive elevated radiation doses (1- 10 msv/y) from transfer of polonium-210 (210po) through the lichen-caribou-human food chain. ingested 210po is primarily blood-borne and thus many of its short range alpha particles irradiate the endothelial cells lining the blood vessels. the relative biological effectiveness (rbe) of alpha particles vs. x-rays was examined in porcine aortic endothelial cells as a surrogate for understanding what might happen to human endothelial cells i ... | 2007 | 17378525 |
| the morphology of the filaroid nematode setaria tundra, the cause of peritonitis in reindeer rangifer tarandus. | in finland during 2003-2005, large numbers of nematodes, tentatively identified as setaria sp., were observed in the peritoneal cavity of reindeer rangifer tarandus during a peritonitis outbreak associated with poor body condition. the morphology of worms recovered from slaughtered reindeer is described based on light and scanning electron microscopy. worms were confirmed as belonging to the superfamily filarioidea by the presence of microfilariae-producing females and the size and the shape of ... | 2007 | 17381867 |
| rapid multi-residue screening of antibiotics in muscle and kidney by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry. | a new approach for simple and rapid multi-residue screening of antibiotics in muscle and kidney by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (lc-ms/ms) is described. nineteen analytes from five classes of antibiotics, i.e. tetracyclines, sulfonamides, quinolones, beta-lactams and macrolides were included in the method. the recently registered drug acetylisovaleryltylosin and its metabolite 3-ortho-acetyltylosin, for which no methods of analysis have been published so far, are among the anal ... | 2007 | 17386726 |
| potential spatial overlap of heritage sites and protected areas in a boreal region of northern canada. | under article 8-j of the convention on biological diversity, governments must engage indigenous and local communities in the designation and management of protected areas. a better understanding of the relationship between community heritage sites and sites identified to protect conventional conservation features could inform conservation-planning exercises on indigenous lands. we examined the potential overlap between gwich'in first nations' (northwest territories, canada) heritage sites and ar ... | 2007 | 17391188 |
| genetic characterisation of six sarcocystis species from reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus) in norway based on the small subunit rrna gene. | six sarcocystis species, i.e. sarcocystis grueneri, sarcocystis rangi, sarcocystis tarandivulpes, sarcocystis hardangeri, sarcocystis rangiferi and sarcocystis tarandi have previously been described from reindeer based on sarcocyst morphology. in order to validate and expand the species descriptions, the complete small subunit (ssu) rrna gene was sequenced and used to genetically characterise the six species. the aim was to reveal possible genetic variation in the ssu rrna gene within each sarco ... | 2007 | 17416466 |
| the existing and potential importance of brucellosis and tuberculosis in canadian wildlife: a review. | as the campaign to eradicate bovine brucellosis (brucella abortus) and tuberculosis (mycobacterium bovis) in canadian livestock nears completion, the importance of extraneous sources of these diseases increases. this review summarizes the literature on brucellosis and tuberculosis in canadian wildlife species to determine existing and potential hosts. canadian caribou (rangifer tarandus) are reservoirs of brucella suis biotype 4 which is pathogenic in caribou, humans and muskoxen but reportedly ... | 1986 | 17422637 |
| the reindeer industry in canada. | | 1986 | 17422723 |
| the reindeer industry in canada. | | 1987 | 17422735 |
| british columbia. besnoitia infection in woodland caribou. | | 1989 | 17423331 |
| british columbia. besnoitia infection in game-farmed reindeer: a trial to determine susceptibility of domestic cattle and mule deer. | | 1992 | 17423941 |
| changes in landscape composition influence the decline of a threatened woodland caribou population. | 1. large-scale habitat loss is frequently identified with loss of biodiversity, but examples of the direct effect of habitat alterations on changes in vital rates remain rare. quantifying and understanding the relationship between habitat composition and changes in vital rates, however, is essential for the development of effective conservation strategies. 2. it has been suggested that the decline of woodland caribou rangifer tarandus caribou populations in north america is precipitated by timbe ... | 2007 | 17439473 |
| no evidence of inbreeding avoidance in a polygynous ungulate: the reindeer (rangifer tarandus). | in polygynous species, mate choice is an integrated part of sexual selection. however, whether mate choice occurs independently of the genetic relatedness among mating pairs has received little attention, although inbreeding may have fitness consequences. we studied whether genetic relatedness influenced females' choice of partner in a highly polygynous ungulate--the reindeer (rangifer tarandus)--in an experimental herd during two consecutive rutting seasons; the herd consisting of 75 females in ... | 2007 | 17443960 |
| systemic nocardiosis in a reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus). | systemic infection by nocardia asteroides was diagnosed in a reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus). at necropsy, the animal had enlarged tracheobronchial lymph nodes, pleural and peritoneal effusions, and numerous, multifocal to coalescing, yellow, firm nodules with inspissated pus in the lung, pleura, omentum, liver, heart, adrenal glands, and left kidney. microscopically, the nodules consisted of foci of pyogranulomatous inflammation. microscopic lesions were present in the grossly affected or ... | 2007 | 17459869 |
| novel rumen bacterial diversity in two geographically separated sub-species of reindeer. | svalbard reindeer (rangifer tarandus platyrhynchus) live under austere nutritional conditions on the high-arctic archipelago of svalbard, while semi-domesticated norwegian reindeer (r. tarandus tarandus) migrate between lush coastal summer pastures and inland winter pastures with lichens on mainland norway. svalbard reindeer are known to have high rumen concentrations of cellulolytic bacteria, ranging from 15% of the viable population in summer to 35% in winter, compared to only 2.5% in norwegia ... | 2007 | 17473904 |
| mating patterns amongst siberian reindeer herders: inferences from mtdna and y-chromosomal analyses. | the evenks and evens, who speak closely related languages belonging to the northern tungusic branch of the tungusic family, are nomadic reindeer herders and hunters. they are spread over an immense territory in northeastern siberia, and consequently different subgroups are in contact with diverse peoples speaking samoyedic, turkic, mongolic, chukotka-kamchatkan, and yukaghir languages. nevertheless, the languages and culture of the evenks and evens are similar enough for them to have been classi ... | 2007 | 17492671 |
| prion protein genes in caribou from alaska. | prion protein genes were sequenced in free-ranging alaska caribou (rangifer tarandus grantii). caribou prion alleles are identical or nearly so to those of wapiti, white-tailed deer, and mule deer. five single-nucleotide polymorphisms were detected with substitutions at residues 2 (v-->m), 129 (g-->s), 138 (s-->n), 146 (n-->n), and 169 (v-->m). the 138n codon had been previously reported only in prion pseudogenes of other cervids. in caribou, the 138s and 138n alleles are present at frequencies ... | 2007 | 17495306 |
| deer exposed to exceptionally high concentrations of lead near the continental mine in idaho, usa. | habitat surrounding the inactive continental mine in northern idaho, usa, supports bear (ursus arctos, ursus americanus), moose (alces alces), elk (cervus elaphus), woodland caribou (rangifer tarandus caribou), and abundant mule (odocoileus hemionus) and white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus). tailings on the mining site were capped and remediated in 2003 to reduce environmental exposure of surrounding soil and sediments of blue joe creek, downslope of the mine. before capping, the mean pb c ... | 2007 | 17521153 |
| mortality in the sami population of north norway, 1970-98. | the pattern of mortality among many groups of indigenous people has been shown to be disadvantageous in comparison with the general population. knowledge regarding causes of death among the sami population in the northern part of norway is limited. the sami constitute an ethnic minority whose lifestyle diverges from that of the rest of the population. | 2007 | 17530553 |
| transferability of microsatellite loci from cervidae species to the endangered brazilian marsh deer, blastocerus dichotomus. | blastocerus dichotomus, the marsh deer, is the largest brazilian cervidae species. the species is endangered because of hunting and loss of its natural habitat, i.e., flood plain areas, because of hydroelectric power station construction and agricultural land expansion. in the present study, we tested 38 microsatellite loci from four cervidae species: odocoileus virginianus (7), rangifer tarandus (17), capreolus capreolus (7), and mazama bororo (7). eleven loci showed clear amplification, openin ... | 2007 | 17573663 |
| outbreak of parasitic peritonitis in reindeer in finland. | in 2003, there was an outbreak of peritonitis in reindeer in the southern and middle part of the finnish reindeer herding area caused by the filarioid nematode setaria species. in the province of oulu, the proportion of reindeer viscera condemned owing to parasitic lesions increased from 4.9 per cent in 2001 to 40.1 per cent in 2003. in 2004, the focus of the outbreak moved approximately 100 km north. a total of 260 adult and pre-adult setaria species nematodes were collected for morphological a ... | 2007 | 17575247 |
| observations on besnoitiosis in virginia opossum (didelphis virginiana) from michigan, usa. | besnoitia tissue cysts were found in five naturally-infected adult opossums (didelphis virginiana) from michigan. details of the microscopy, histopathology, ultra-structure, and genetic features of the cysts were studied to identify their species-specific traits. the materials were differentiated phenotypically from cysts of other besnoitia spp. by difference in size, pattern of tissue distribution, morphology of pellicle and nucleus, number of micronemes and rhoptries, amount of lipids and amyl ... | 2007 | 17580564 |
| childhood diet in relation to sámi and norwegian ethnicity in northern and mid-norway--the saminor study. | the purpose of this work was to identify dietary patterns in the past using cluster analysis of reported diet in childhood, and to assess predictors for dietary patterns in relation to ethnicity in the population in the sámi core areas in norway. the sámis are an indigenous population living in the border areas of norway, sweden, finland and russia. | 2008 | 17610754 |
| serological evidence of hepatitis e virus infection in an indigenous north american population. | hepatitis e virus (hev) infections are thought to be uncommon in north america. recently, hev transmission has been reported following the consumption of deer meat. because deer are closely related to caribou and caribou meat is a staple of the canadian inuit and the american eskimo diet, the present study explored the seroprevalence of hev infection in an isolated canadian inuit community. | 2007 | 17637946 |
| spectrum of selection: new approaches to detecting the scale-dependent response to habitat. | detecting habitat selection depends on the spatial scale of analysis, but multi-scale studies have been limited by the use of a few, spatially variable, hierarchical levels. we developed spatially explicit approaches to quantify selection along a continuum of scales using spatial (coarse-graining) and geostatistical (variogram) pattern analyses at multiple levels of habitat use (seasonal range, travel routes, feeding areas, and microsites). we illustrate these continuum-based approaches by apply ... | 2007 | 17645009 |
| notes on parasites found in reindeer (rangifer tarandus) in canada. | | 1957 | 17648966 |
| some haematological values for the barren-ground caribou. | | 1960 | 17649224 |
| carnivore repatriation and holarctic prey: narrowing the deficit in ecological effectiveness. | the continuing global decline of large carnivores has catalyzed great interest in reintroduction to restore populations and to reestablish ecologically functional relationships. i used variation in the distribution of four holarctic prey species and their behavior as proxies to investigate the pace and intensity by which responses are lost or reinvigorated by carnivore repatriation. by simulating the presence of wolves (canis lupus), tigers (panthera tigris), and brown bears (ursus arctos) at 19 ... | 2007 | 17650259 |
| transport properties of bovine and reindeer beta-lactoglobulin in the caco-2 cell model. | beta-lactoglobulin (betalg) is a protein that binds ligands like fatty acids and retinol into the hydrophobic pocket. our purpose was to study bovine and reindeer betalg as transporter molecules and compare their transport properties across caco-2 cell membrane. the reindeer betalg has more valuable binder characteristics than bovine betalg because it has only one genetic phenotype and it seems to exhibit better immunological properties. the permeation of betalg in caco-2 cells was evaluated by ... | 2008 | 17658229 |
| from carcass to cave: large mammal exploitation during the aurignacian at vogelherd, germany. | recent results from the zooarchaeological analysis of faunal remains from vogelherd cave, southwestern germany, provide new insight into the subsistence behavior of early modern human groups during the aurignacian. the results presented here represent the first comprehensive study of the archaeofauna from this site. several episodes of occupation are inferred at this site, taking place primarily between 31 and 32 ka. although a wide spectrum of pleistocene mammals is represented in the aurignaci ... | 2007 | 17663999 |
| anaplasma phagocytophilum - the most widespread tick-borne infection in animals in europe. | the bacterium anaplasma phagocytophilum (formerly ehrlichia phagocytophila) may cause infection in several animal species including human. the disease in domestic ruminants is also called tick-borne fever (tbf), and has been known for at least 200 years. in europe, clinical manifestations due to a. phagocytophilum have been recorded in sheep, goat, cattle, horse, dog, cat, roe deer, reindeer and human. however, seropositive and pcr-positive mammalian have been detected in several other species. ... | 2007 | 17682851 |
| climatic variability and the population dynamics of historical hunter-gatherers: the case of sami of northern finland. | our current knowledge on climate-mediated effects on human population dynamics is based on preindustrial agrarian societies where climate-induced crop failures had a major impact on fertility and mortality rates. however, because most of the human evolutionary history has been shaped by hunter-gatherer lifestyle relying on diverse plant and animal food sources, it is also important to understand how climate affected the population dynamics of hunter-gatherers. we thus studied whether climate, me ... | 2007 | 17696129 |
| modelling radiocaesium transfer and long-term changes in reindeer. | a dynamic model on (137)cs in reindeer is presented, taking into consideration short- and long-term mechanisms, including the effect of ground deposition, transfer to vegetation, reindeer diet, feed intake, absorption and depletion of radiocaesium in the reindeer body. the model was optimised to fit measured activity concentrations in swedish reindeer after the chernobyl fallout. for comparison, regression analyses were made and aggregated transfer factors and effective ecological half-lives wer ... | 2007 | 17707963 |
| differentiation of tundra/taiga and boreal coniferous forest wolves: genetics, coat colour and association with migratory caribou. | the grey wolf has one of the largest historic distributions of any terrestrial mammal and can disperse over great distances across imposing topographic barriers. as a result, geographical distance and physical obstacles to dispersal may not be consequential factors in the evolutionary divergence of wolf populations. however, recent studies suggest ecological features can constrain gene flow. we tested whether wolf-prey associations in uninterrupted tundra and forested regions of canada explained ... | 2007 | 17725575 |
| the word caribou. | | 1928 | 17736561 |
| a severe outbreak of contagious ecthyma (orf) in a free-ranging musk ox (ovibos moschatus) population in norway. | during july-october 2004, 19 (18 calves, 1 yearling) free-ranging musk oxen (ovibos moschatus) at dovre, norway, were observed with contagious echtyma-like lesions, and 16 of them were euthanized. six musk oxen were subjected to necropsy, histopathological and microbiological examinations. all euthanized animals had lesions consistent with contagious ecthyma presenting as wart-like, scabby lesions on the muzzle, lips, oral mucosa and limbs to a variable extent. the histopathological examination ... | 2008 | 17768017 |
| reaction of reindeer to obstructions and disturbances. | in scandinavia, highways and railroads have not generally created obstructions to the movement of domesticated reindeer, although thousands of animals are killed each year in accidents. some disruption in the movements of wild reindeer in norway has been associated with the construction of a railroad and highway through an alpine plateau south of trondheim. hydroelectric projects have had the greatest detrimental effects on reindeer by flooding rangelands and obstructing migration routes. specia ... | 1971 | 17770437 |
| integrative use of spatial, genetic, and demographic analyses for investigating genetic connectivity between migratory, montane, and sedentary caribou herds. | genetic differentiation is generally assumed to be low in highly mobile species, but this simplistic view may obscure the complex conditions and mechanisms allowing genetic exchanges between specific populations. here, we combined data from satellite-tracked migratory caribou (rangifer tarandus), microsatellite markers, and demographic simulations to investigate gene flow mechanisms between seven caribou herds of eastern canada. our study included one montane, two migratory, and four sedentary h ... | 2007 | 17784914 |
| oral and physiological paleohealth in cold adapted peoples: northeast asia, hokkaido. | this paper examines variables useful in reconstructing oral (caries, antemortem tooth loss, alveolar defects) and physiological (cribra orbitalia, linear enamel hypoplasia) well-being in two bioarchaeological assemblages from hokkaido, japan: okhotsk (n = 37 individuals) and jomon (n = 60). findings are compared and contrasted with each other, with published series from honshu japan, and samples from climatically near-equivalent alaska. it was found that more meaningful comparisons of hokkaido p ... | 2008 | 17786996 |
| adaptations for life in the arctic: evidence that melatonin rhythms in reindeer are not driven by a circadian oscillator but remain acutely sensitive to environmental photoperiod. | in reindeer rangifer tarandus, a high latitude species, the rhythmic production of melatonin periodically dissipates under natural photoperiods when, in mid-winter, there is near permanent darkness and again, in summer, when there is permanent light. in spring and autumn, as expected, melatonin production reflects the ambient light:dark (ld) cycle. we investigated the expression of circadian mechanisms on blood levels of melatonin in reindeer. two experiments were conducted in which animals were ... | 2007 | 17803527 |