| immunohistochemical localization of gabaa receptors in the retina of the new world primate saimiri sciureus. | a large population of amacrine cells in the retina are thought to use gaba as an inhibitory neurotransmitter in their synaptic interactions within the inner plexiform layer. however, little is known about their synaptic targets; the neurons that express the receptors for gaba have not been clearly identified. recently, the gabaa receptor has been isolated and antibodies have been raised against it. these antibodies have proven useful for the immunocytochemical localization of the receptor, and t ... | 1989 | 2562111 |
| morphology of the interorbital region of saimiri sciureus. | the skull of the platyrrhine primate saimiri sciureus is distinguished by a large interorbital fenestra. juvenile skulls still show a bony interorbital septum with some small gaps. a morphogenetic study was undertaken to better understand the structures of the interorbital region, which represents a linkage between the base of the braincase and the nasal skeleton. already in early ontogenetic stages a reduction of the posterior portion of the nasal capsule and of the cartilaginous interorbital s ... | 1983 | 6671631 |
| learning ability and retention performance of a weanling squirrel monkey (saimiri sciureus). | the visual discrimination and delayed-response tests and the test of conditioned-avoidance response were adapted and administered to a weanling squirrel monkey to determine its learning ability and retention performance. the data show that the weanling learned to perform all the tests successfully, indicating that the tractable squirrel monkey is a potentially satisfactory animal model for a comparative and developmental study of learning ability and retention performance during the early stages ... | 1972 | 27520639 |
| penetrating thorns in the head and neck of saimiri sciureus. | | 1972 | 4338703 |
| effect of feeding selenium-deficient ration to the subhuman primate (saimiri sciureus). | | 1971 | 5000499 |
| [optokinetic nystagmus of saimiri sciureus--experiment in analysis of eye movement using an all-purpose computer]. | | 1971 | 4999295 |
| investigation of social behaviour in primates (saimiri sciureus) by means of telestimulation technique. | | 1970 | 4992852 |
| [electronic sound recognition switch for automatic control of remote stimulus studies on saimiri sciureus]. | | 1970 | 4986169 |
| two behavioral measures of the squirrel monkey's (saimiri sciureus) taste for four concentrations of five sugars. | | 1968 | 4967787 |
| effects of dietary protein levels on the saimiri sciureus. | | 1967 | 4964103 |
| saimiri sciureus as an experimetal animal. | | 1964 | 14138166 |
| a comparison of personality in the common and bolivian squirrel monkey (saimiri sciureus and saimiri boliviensis). | personality has been studied in all of the great apes, many old world monkey species, but only a handful of new world monkey species. because understanding the personalities of new world monkeys is crucial to understanding personality evolution in primates, we used the hominoid personality questionnaire to assess personality in 55 common squirrel monkeys (saimiri sciureus) and 40 bolivian squirrel monkeys (saimiri boliviensis). we found 4 personality components in each species, and labeled them ... | 2017 | 29239646 |
| detection of signal regulatory protein α insaimiri sciureus(squirrel monkey) by anti-human monoclonal antibody. | non-human primates (nhp) are suitable models for studying different aspects of the human system, including pathogenesis and protective immunity to many diseases. however, the lack of specific immunological reagents for neo-tropical monkeys, such assaimiri sciureus, is still a major factor limiting studies in these models. an alternative strategy to circumvent this obstacle has been the selection of immunological reagents directed to humans, which present cross-reactivity with nhp molecules. in t ... | 2017 | 29312325 |
| short poly-glutamine repeat in the androgen receptor in new world monkeys. | the androgen receptor mediates various physiological and developmental functions and is highly conserved in mammals. although great intraspecific length polymorphisms in poly glutamine (poly-q) and poly glycine (poly-g) regions of the androgen receptor in humans, apes and several old world monkeys have been reported, little is known about the characteristics of these regions in new world monkeys. in this study, we surveyed 17 species of new world monkeys and found length polymorphisms in these r ... | 2017 | 28948156 |
| anatomy of the dura mater venous sinus of alouatta belzebul. | the anatomy of the dura mater's venous sinuses is important in the veterinary clinical and surgical area, for cranial procedures and interventions of wild animals, in addition to assisting in the management of neurological diseases, which can prevent serious complications. the macroscopic anatomy of the venous sinuses of the dura mater of alouatta belzebul was studied. five adult specimens, males and females, were dissected and fixed in 10% formaldehyde solution. in the dura mater of the alouatt ... | 2020 | 32738181 |
| muscle-tendon arrangement and innervation pattern of the m. flexor digitorum superficialis in the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus), squirrel monkey (saimiri sciureus) and spider monkey (ateles sp.). | the muscle-tendon arrangement of the m. flexor digitorum superficialis (fds) varies among different primate groups. recent developmental investigations revealed that the primordium of fds emerges in the hand region first and relocates to the forearm later. the relationship between the diverse muscle-tendon arrangement and the characteristic developmental process of fds is important for understanding the evolutionary changes of the fds. moreover, the innervation pattern cannot go unremarked when ... | 2020 | 32584452 |
| revised recommendations for health monitoring of non-human primate colonies (2018): felasa working group report. | the genetic and biological similarity between non-human primates and humans has ensured the continued use of primates in biomedical research where other species cannot be used. health-monitoring programmes for non-human primates provide an approach to monitor and control both endemic and incoming agents that may cause zoonotic and anthroponotic disease or interfere with research outcomes. in 1999 felasa recommendations were published which aimed to provide a harmonized approach to health monitor ... | 2019 | 31068070 |
| common marmosets are sensitive to simple dependencies at variable distances in an artificial grammar. | recognizing that two elements within a sequence of variable length depend on each other is a key ability in understanding the structure of language and music. perception of such interdependencies has previously been documented in chimpanzees in the visual domain and in human infants and common squirrel monkeys with auditory playback experiments, but it remains unclear whether it typifies primates in general. here, we investigated the ability of common marmosets (callithrix jacchus) to recognize ... | 2019 | 31007503 |
| does opportunistic testing bias cognitive performance in primates? learning from drop-outs. | dropouts are a common issue in cognitive tests with non-human primates. one main reason for dropouts is that researchers often face a trade-off between obtaining a sufficiently large sample size and logistic restrictions, such as limited access to testing facilities. the commonly-used opportunistic testing approach deals with this trade-off by only testing those individuals who readily participate and complete the cognitive tasks within a given time frame. all other individuals are excluded from ... | 2019 | 30893340 |
| new world primates for research in human reproductive health. | the new world primates are relatively new to studies in reproductive health. the essential factors in their reproductive physiology and endocrinology are now established for the three species considered here: saimiri sciureus, cebus apella, and callithrix jacchus. our studies to date in c. jacchus have concentrated on developmental biology (gametogenesis, fertilization, implantation, neonatal growth) and on strategic studies of new pharmacological agents for the regulation of fertility (vaccines ... | 1994 | 31936988 |
| simian neonatology: i. gestational maturity and extrauterine viability. | in a 21-month period, 225 simians were born at the new england regional primate research center. of these, 141 (63%) survived the neonatal period, and 84 (37%) were either born dead or died during the first 30 days of life. sixty-two of the 84 neonatal deaths occurred during the perinatal period (0-7 days of life). in four macaque species studied, groups of infants that were high and low survival risks were established by examining weight-specific death rates. criteria for establishing immaturit ... | 1972 | 29884003 |
| the ethnoprimatology of the maijuna of the peruvian amazon and implications for primate conservation. | in amazonia, primates are not only an important food source but they also hold significant cultural and symbolic value for many indigenous groups. we document the relationship between primates and community members of the maijuna indigenous community of sucusari in the peruvian amazon and describe how ethnoprimatological studies provide a better understanding of the significance of primates in people's lives. additionally, we explore how ethnoprimatological studies can help inform and enhance pr ... | 2018 | 29514692 |
| luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone in olfactory bulbs of primates. | this immunohistochemical study of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (lhrh) in the olfactory bulbs in primates was undertaken in order to see whether there was an lhrh innervation in these species similar to that found in rodents. one old world (macaca fascicularis) and two new world (saimiri sciureus and aotus trivirgatus) monkeys were studied. aotus trivirgatus was of particular interest as it is noctural and so presumably more dependent upon olfactory cues. animals were perfused with fixat ... | 1985 | 31986801 |
| epidemiological and molecular characterization of a novel adenovirus of squirrel monkeys after fatal infection during immunosuppression. | adenoviruses are a frequent cause of acute upper respiratory tract infections that can also cause disseminated disease in immunosuppressed patients. we identified a novel adenovirus, squirrel monkey adenovirus 1 (sqmadv-1), as the cause of fatal infection in an immunocompromised squirrel monkey (saimiri boliviensis) at the keeling center for comparative medicine and research (kccmr). sequencing of sqmadv-1 revealed that it is most closely related (80.4 % pairwise nucleotide identity) to the titi ... | 2020 | 32614763 |
| capuchins (sapajus apella) and squirrel monkeys (saimiri sciureus) fail to attend to the functional spatial relationship between a tool and a reward. | capuchins (sapajus apella) and squirrel monkeys (saimiri sciureus) participated in 3 experiments in which they were presented with 2 objects, one appropriately oriented and the other inappropriately oriented to retrieve a food reward by pulling, replicating prior experiments with nonhuman primates described as evaluating "tool choice." choice patterns were analyzed to assess whether monkeys learned that tools needed to be oriented with part of the tool on the far side of the reward to pull in th ... | 2019 | 30896234 |
| protein electrophoretic variability in saimiri and the question of its species status. | an electrophoretic survey of 15 protein systems (22 loci) was employed to determine the genetic relationships among 9 populations (441 individuals) of south american squirrel monkeys (saimiri sciureus sciureus, s. sciureus boliviensis, and s. sciureus ustus). genetic markers capable of differentiating the second from the two other taxa were observed mainly in the ada and gpi systems. heterogeneity for ada and ca2 between populations from opposite banks of the jamari river was verified in s. sciu ... | 1993 | 31941191 |
| effects of mixed-species association on resource use by saimiri sciureus and cebus apella. | short-term associations between primate species offer the opportunity to measure changes in individual behavior and ecology in response to alterations in group size and composition. during a three-month study of associations between squirrel monkeys (saimiri sciureus) and brown capuchin monkeys (cebus apella) in manu national park, peru, i measured resource use and feeding efficiency for both species when in mixed and solitary troops, as well as the context and outcome of competitive interaction ... | 1990 | 31963980 |
| prehension in cebus and saimiri: i. grip type and hand preference. | prehension was examined in tufted capuchins (cebus apella) and squirrel monkeys (saimiri sciureus). individual subjects were videotaped from frontal and sagittal planes while they grasped small objects presented in several ways (in view, out of view, embedded, moving). capuchins used a precision grip in 30% of trials and in more than half of trials with stationary objects. most (54%) of the precision grips used were opposition of the thumb to the index finger; however, eight other forms were als ... | 1988 | 31968893 |
| a fatal epizootic of undetermined etiology in new world monkeys. | a peracute epizootic disease, strikingly characterized by profuse terminal hemorrhaging from the lungs, caused the deaths of 104 squirrel monkeys and 3 capuchin monkeys over a 22-month period. the case fatality rate was 100%. the pulmonary hemorrhaging was often accompanied by pulmonary edema and congestion, interstitial pneumonia, and hydrothorax. additional histologic lesions included interstitial nephritis, hepatitis and hepatic necrosis, adrenalitis and adrenal necrosis, myocarditis, splenic ... | 1982 | 31991987 |
| phylogenetic characterization of two novel species of the genus bifidobacterium: bifidobacterium saimiriisciurei sp. nov. and bifidobacterium platyrrhinorum sp. nov. | three bifidobacterial gram-stain-positive, non-spore forming and fructose-6-phosphate phosphoketolase-positive strains, sma1t, smb2 and sma15t were isolated from the faeces of two adult males of the squirrel monkey (saimiri sciureus). on the basis of 16s rrna gene sequence similarities, the type strain of bifidobacterium primatium dsm 100687t (99.3%; similarity) was the closest neighbour to strains sma1t and smb2, whereas the type strain of bifidobacterium stellenboschense dsm 23968t (96.5%) was ... | 2020 | 32847786 |
| the characterization of two novel neotropical primate papillomaviruses supports the ancient within-species diversity model. | papillomaviruses (pvs) are non-enveloped icosahedral viruses with a circular double-stranded dna genome of ∼8,000 base pairs (bp). more than 200 different pv types have been identified to date in humans, which are distributed in five genera, with several strains associated with cancer development. although widely distributed in vertebrates, neotropical primates (np) pv infection was described for the first time only in 2016. currently, four complete genomes of np pvs have been characterized, thr ... | 2020 | 32665860 |
| synaptic organization of cortico-cortical communication in primates. | in cortical circuitry, synaptic communication across areas is based on two types of axon terminals, small and large, with modulatory and driving roles, respectively. in contrast, it is not known whether similar synaptic specializations exist for intra-areal projections. using anterograde tracing and three-dimensional reconstruction by electron microscopy (3d-em), we asked whether large boutons form synapses in the circuit of somatosensory cortical areas 3b and 1. in contrast to observations in m ... | 2020 | 32654301 |
| leukemic histiocytic sarcoma in a captive common squirrel monkey (saimiri sciureus) with saimiriine gammaherpesvirus 2 (rhadinovirus), saimiri sciureus lymphocryptovirus 2 (lymphocryptovirus) and squirrel monkey retrovirus (β-retrovirus) coinfection. | hematopoietic neoplasia other than lymphoma and leukemia is uncommon among non-human primates. herein, we provide the first evidence of occurrence of leukemic histiocytic sarcoma in a captive common squirrel monkey with saimiriine gammaherpesvirus 2 (rhadinovirus), saimiri sciureus lymphocryptovirus 2 (lymphocryptovirus), and squirrel monkey retrovirus (β-retrovirus) coinfection. | 2020 | 32412106 |
| investigating reactions of squirrel monkeys (saimiri sciureus) towards unequal food distributions in a tray-pulling paradigm. | the fact that squirrel monkeys do not routinely cooperate in the wild has been proposed to explain their failure to show disadvantageous inequity aversion (i.e., negative reactions when receiving less than a partner) in an experimental exchange. here we assessed whether the use of a tray-pulling paradigm, allowing for a larger variety of unequal testing situations, would bring additional insights into inequity aversion in this species. squirrel monkeys were tested in pairs in which only the dono ... | 2020 | 32356092 |
| mapping mesoscale cortical connectivity in monkey sensorimotor cortex with optical imaging and microstimulation. | to map in vivo cortical circuitry at the mesoscale, we applied a novel approach to map interareal functional connectivity. electrical intracortical microstimulation (icms) in conjunction with optical imaging of intrinsic signals (ois) was used map functional connections in somatosensory cortical areas in anesthetized squirrel monkeys. icms produced activations that were focal and that displayed responses which were stimulation intensity dependent. icms in supragranular layers of brodmann areas 3 ... | 2020 | 32255200 |
| spontaneous pituitary adenomas in squirrel monkeys (saimiri sciureus). | on postmortem examination, 2 geriatric captive male squirrel monkeys (saimiri sciureus) were found to have pituitary masses that were unassociated with previous experimental manipulation. both animals were euthanized due to apparently unrelated clinical reasons. histopathology and immunohistochemical staining classified these tumors as thyrotrophic and corticotrophic pituitary adenomas. these cases represent the first reports of this tumor type in squirrel monkeys. | 2020 | 31747992 |
| the effects of natural substrate discontinuities on the quadrupedal gait kinematics of free-ranging saimiri sciureus. | wild primates encounter complex matrices of substrates that differ in size, orientation, height, and compliance, and often move on multiple, discontinuous substrates within a single bout of locomotion. our current understanding of primate gait is limited by artificial laboratory settings in which primate quadrupedal gait has primarily been studied. this study analyzes wild saimiri sciureus (common squirrel monkey) gait on discontinuous substrates to capture the realistic effects of the complex a ... | 2019 | 31578748 |
| neonatal activity and state control differences among three squirrel monkey subspecies (saimiri sciureus sciureus, s. boliviensis boliviensis, and s. boliviensis peruviensis). | squirrel monkeys are a long-standing biomedical model, with multiple species and subspecies housed in research facilities. few studies have examined the developmental differences between these subspecies, which may affect research outcomes. the primate neonatal neurobehavioral assessment was completed at 2 weeks of age with 279 dam-reared squirrel monkeys (188 saimiri boliviensis boliviensis, 45 s. b. peruviensis, and 46 saimiri. sciureus sciureus). activity, orientation to stimuli, state contro ... | 2020 | 31502301 |
| spontaneous pulmonary adenocarcinoma and subcutaneous cavernous hemangiomas arising in a squirrel monkey (saimiri sciureus). | benign and malignant pulmonary tumors have been reported in both old world and new world monkeys but are uncommon. hemangiomas are also rarely reported in nonhuman primates. here we present a case of two primary neoplasms (a papillary adenocarcinoma of bronchioloalveolar origin and multiple cavernous subcutaneous hemangiomas) arising in an aged squirrel monkey (saimiri sciureus). | 2019 | 31148179 |
| an assay of drug-induced emesis in the squirrel monkey (saimiri sciureus). | emesis has significant evolutionary value as a defense mechanism against ingested toxins; however, it is also one of the most common adverse symptoms associated with both disease and medical treatments of disease. the development of improved antiemetic pharmacotherapies has been impeded by a shortage of animal models. | 2019 | 30968960 |
| limb phase flexibility in walking: a test case in the squirrel monkey (saimiri sciureus). | previous analyses of factors influencing footfall timings and gait selection in quadrupeds have focused on the implications for energetic cost or gait mechanics separately. here we present a model for symmetrical walking gaits in quadrupedal mammals that combines both factors, and aims to predict the substrate contexts in which animals will select certain ranges of footfall timings that (1) minimize energetic cost, (2) minimize rolling and pitching moments, or (3) balance the two. we hypothesize ... | 2019 | 30820237 |
| outbreak of toxoplasmosis in four squirrel monkeys (saimiri sciureus) in japan. | toxoplasma gondii is a protozoan parasite that causes fatal disease in new world monkeys. several reports have described outbreaks of toxoplasmosis in squirrel monkeys. here, we report the death of four squirrel monkeys in a captive colony from acute toxoplasmosis, one of which developed toxoplasmosis about 1 year after the initial outbreak. serum anti-t. gondii antibody was detected by a latex agglutination test in the animals, and one presented seropositive before clinical signs were observed. ... | 2019 | 30347233 |
| the mitochondrial genome of dipetalonema gracile from a squirrel monkey in china. | dipetalonema gracile is a common parasite in squirrel monkeys (saimiri sciureus), which can cause malnutrition and progressive wasting of the host, and lead to death in the case of massive infection. this study aimed to identify a suspected d. gracile worm from a dead squirrel monkey by means of molecular biology, and to amplify its complete mitochondrial genome by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and sequence analysis. the results identified the worm as d. gracile, and the full length of its com ... | 2018 | 30326978 |
| distribution of somatostatin-28 (1-12), calcitonin gene-related peptide, and substance p in the squirrel monkey brainstem: an immunocytochemical study. | using an immunocytochemical technique, we have studied the distribution of fibers and cell bodies containing somatostatin-28 (1-12) [som-28 (1-12)], calcitonin gene-related peptide (cgrp), and substance p (sp) in the brainstem of saimiri sciureus. the distribution of the peptidergic cell bodies was very restricted: perikarya containing som-28 (1-12) were only observed in the substantia grisea centralis, while no immunoreactive cell bodies containing cgrp or sp were visualized. fibers containing ... | 2019 | 30051271 |
| an alternative treatment against acanthocephala ( prosthenorchis elegans) in captive squirrel monkeys ( saimiri sciureus) in mexico. | we provide the first report of acanthocephala ( prosthenorchis elegans) in mexican non-human primates. there has been no known treatment against this parasite except for surgical removal, and this has been relatively ineffective because of the small juveniles. we report the presence of p. elegans in a captive breeding colony of squirrel monkeys ( saimiri sciureus) in mexico, and we describe a successful treatment protocol. treatment involved 2 steps: oral administration of the drugs loperamide c ... | 2018 | 30019983 |
| a web-based atlas combining mri and histology of the squirrel monkey brain. | the squirrel monkey (saimiri sciureus) is a commonly-used surrogate for humans in biomedical research. in the neuroimaging community, mri and histological atlases serve as valuable resources for anatomical, physiological, and functional studies of the brain; however, no digital mri/histology atlas is currently available for the squirrel monkey. this paper describes the construction of a web-based multi-modal atlas of the squirrel monkey brain. the mri-derived information includes anatomical mri ... | 2019 | 30006920 |
| terminal 13p deletion in squirrel monkey (saimiri sciureus) with differentiated phenotype. | the taxonomic classification of squirrel monkeys is often controversial issue offering many different information. the classification of captive animals is difficult due to the phenotypic similarities between the presented species, which is observed mainly in coat coloration. | 2018 | 29956824 |
| characterisation of the hepatitis b virus cross-species transmission pattern via na+/taurocholate co-transporting polypeptides from 11 new world and old world primate species. | the hepatic na+/taurocholate co-transporting polypeptide (ntcp in man, ntcp in animals) is the high-affinity receptor for the hepatitis b (hbv) and hepatitis d (hdv) viruses. species barriers for human hbv/hdv within the order primates were previously attributed to ntcp sequence variations that disable virus-receptor interaction. however, only a limited number of primate ntcps have been analysed so far. in the present study, a total of 11 ntcps from apes, old and new world monkeys were cloned an ... | 2018 | 29912972 |
| adaptation of the plasmodium falciparum fcb strain for in vitro and in vivo analysis in squirrel monkeys (saimiri sciureus). | the asexual blood stages of the plasmodium falciparum parasite are responsible for inducing the clinical symptoms and the most severe presentations of malaria infection that causes frequent mortality and morbidity in tropical and subtropical areas of the world, making the blood stages of infection a key target of new malaria treatment and prevention strategies. progress towards the development of more effective treatment and prevention strategies has been hindered by the limited availability of ... | 2018 | 29803940 |
| development of an optogenetic toolkit for neural circuit dissection in squirrel monkeys. | optogenetic tools have opened a rich experimental landscape for understanding neural function and disease. here, we present the first validation of eight optogenetic constructs driven by recombinant adeno-associated virus (aav) vectors and a wga-cre based dual injection strategy for projection targeting in a widely-used new world primate model, the common squirrel monkey saimiri sciureus. we observed opsin expression around the local injection site and in axonal projections to downstream regions ... | 2018 | 29712920 |
| an outbreak of toxoplasmosis in squirrel monkeys (saimiri sciureus) in south korea. | toxoplasma gondii (t. gondii) is an intracellular protozoan parasite that can infect warm-blooded animals including humans. new world monkeys, such as squirrel monkeys, are more susceptible to t. gondii than old world monkeys, often developing fatal disease. | 2018 | 29708278 |
| can a non-native primate be a potential seed disperser? a case study on saimiri sciureus in pernambuco state, brazil. | the interaction between native fleshy-fruit plants and introduced fruit consumers contributes to the dynamics of highly fragmented environments. such interactions can occur through pollination and seed dispersal. here, we investigated the potential of seed dispersing by a non-native primate, the squirrel monkey (saimiri sciureus), in an urban atlantic forest fragment in north-eastern brazil. fleshy fruits from non-native plants were preferentially exploited by the squirrel monkeys. we measured 1 ... | 2018 | 29587282 |
| lesions of the female reproductive tract in japanese macaque ( macaca fuscata) from two captive colonies. | reproductive lesions have been described in various nonhuman primate species, including rhesus macaques ( macaca mulatta), cynomolgus macaques ( macaca fascicularis), baboons ( papio spp.), squirrel monkeys ( saimiri sciureus), and chimpanzees ( pan spp.); however, there are few publications describing reproductive disease and pathology in japanese macaques ( macaca fuscata). a retrospective evaluation of postmortem reports for two captive m. fuscata populations housed within zoos from 1982 thro ... | 2018 | 29517447 |
| corticocortical projections to area 1 in squirrel monkeys (saimiri sciureus). | cortical area 1 is a non-primary somatosensory area in the primate anterior parietal cortex that is critical to tactile discrimination. the corticocortical projections to area 1 in squirrel monkeys were determined by placing multiple injections of anatomical tracers into separate body part representations defined by multiunit microelectrode mapping in area 1. the pattern of labeled cells in the cortex indicated that area 1 has strong intrinsic connections within each body part representation and ... | 2019 | 29495078 |
| morphological characterization of diaphragm in common squirrel monkey (saimiri sciureus). | the wall of the diaphragm can be affected by congenital or acquired alterations which allow the passage of viscera between the abdominal and chest cavities, allowing the formation of a diaphragmatic hernia. we characterized morphology and performed biometrics of the diaphragm in the common squirrel monkey saimiri sciureus. after fixation, muscle fragments were collected and processed for optical microscopy. in this species the diaphragm muscle is attached to the lung by phrenopericardial ligamen ... | 2018 | 29466481 |
| recently integrated alu insertions in the squirrel monkey (saimiri) lineage and application for population analyses. | the evolution of alu elements has been ongoing in primate lineages and alu insertion polymorphisms are widely used in phylogenetic and population genetics studies. alu subfamilies in the squirrel monkey (saimiri), a new world monkey (nwm), were recently reported. squirrel monkeys are commonly used in biomedical research and often require species identification. the purpose of this study was two-fold: 1) perform locus-specific pcr analyses on recently integrated alu insertions in saimiri to deter ... | 2018 | 29449901 |
| complete genome sequences of three novel saimiri sciureus papillomavirus types isolated from the cervicovaginal region of squirrel monkeys. | the complete genome sequences of three novel saimiri sciureus papillomavirus (sscpv) types (sscpv1 to sscpv3) isolated from the cervicovaginal region of squirrel monkeys were characterized. these three pv types share 78.1 to 83.3% nucleotide sequence identities with each other across the complete l1 open reading frame and cluster in the genus dyoomikronpapillomavirus. | 2018 | 29301881 |
| detection of mycobacterial infection in non-human primates using the xpert mtb/rif molecular assay. | tuberculosis is a major public health concern, and diagnostic strategies applied to animal populations are scarce. as part of ongoing efforts to control tuberculosis dissemination at our animal facility, two non-human primates (nhp, saimiri sciureus) presenting cutaneous lesions were examined for mycobacterial infection. both animals tested positive for acid-fast bacilli and mycobacterium tuberculosis using a molecular assay (is6110 pcr). animals were euthanized and several samples were tested f ... | 2017 | 29050773 |
| increased plasmodium falciparum parasitemia in non-splenectomized saimiri sciureus monkeys treated with clodronate liposomes. | a major constraint in the study of plasmodium falciparum malaria, including vaccine development, lies on the parasite's strict human host specificity and therefore the shortage of animal experimental models able to harbor human plasmodia. the best experimental models are neo-tropical primates of the genus saimiri and aotus, but they require splenectomy to reduce innate defenses for achieving high and consistent parasitemias, an important limitation. clodronate-liposomes (cl) have been successful ... | 2017 | 28983468 |
| studies on transmission of hepatitis a virus to squirrel monkeys. | non-human primates have been playing an essential role in the study of hepatitis a virus (hav) biology, pathogenesis and for testing candidate hav vaccines. this study was to determine the suitability of squirrel monkeys (saimiri sciureus) as animal model for hav infection. animals were inoculated, either intragastrically or intravenously, with a brazilian hav isolate (haf-203). alanine aminotransferase (alt) and anti-hav antibodies (igm and total) were monitored. feces were daily collected for ... | 2000 | 30545165 |
| location effects of social partner on experimental foraging in the squirrel monkey. | the effect of social context on experimental foraging in squirrel monkeys (saimiri sciureus) was investigated. the 12 subjects comprised six pairs in which strong social preference and attraction had been demonstrated during observations of a stable group. individuals were first trained to discriminate spatially separated rich and poor foraging bins containing 75% and 25% of the food items, respectively, with their partners restrained equidistant from the two bins. the monkeys invested an averag ... | 1995 | 31924094 |
| wild squirrel monkey (saimiri sciureus) "caregiver" calls: contexts and acoustic structure. | a field study of the vocal behavior of 22 wild adult female squirrel monkeys (saimiri sciureus) in parque nacional del manu, peru, found that 21% of vocalizations were "caregiver" calls. caregiver calls are brief, low frequency calls, often with numerous harmonics, that are addressed by caregivers to their own infants in three contexts: 1) prenurse, signalling the caregiver's location and willingness to nurse; 2) nurse, while nursing; and 3) end nurse, indicating the end of the nursing bout. thr ... | 1995 | 31924065 |
| psychosocial and hormonal aspects of hierarchy formation in groups of male squirrel monkeys. | accounts of primate social dominance hierarchies often imply that the achievement of superior status is a "goal", akin to a valued resource or commodity, and that hierarchies emerge in multimale groups from prolonged competitive conflicts over social status. this possibility is not consistent with our observations of five newly formed triads of adult male squirrel monkeys (saimiri sciureus). stable linear hierarchies based on clear asymmetries in the direction of intermale agonism and genital di ... | 1994 | 31936911 |
| recognition of order effects in squirrel monkey antiphonal call sequences. | squirrel monkeys exchange chuck vocalizations in antiphonal sequences that suggest a request for information, and a response to that request. chucks are characterized by measurable acoustic differences, notably in peak frequency, related to their position in a sequence. to determine the cues by which animals might identify a chuck that is a request for information from one that is a response, first-in-sequence (α) and second-in-sequence (β) chucks, differing in peak frequency, were recorded from ... | 1993 | 31941193 |
| new method for in vivo recording of myometrial activity in the squirrel monkey, saimiri sciureus. | videolaparoscopy was used to visualize the reproductive tract contractility of the squirrel monkey, saimiri sciureus. this technique gives information on the nature, direction of propagation, duration, and frequency of contractions. at the times of ovulation, and embryo entry to the uterus, contractile activity was observed in both the uterus and oviduct, with the latter being more frequent. the dominant direction of propagation was towards the utero-tubal junction, and simultaneous contractions ... | 1992 | 31941222 |
| immunological response and ovarian histology of squirrel monkeys (saimiri sciureus) immunized with porcine zona pellucida zp3 (mr = 55,000) macromolecules. | zp3 (m, = 55,000) is the major electrophoretic component of the porcine zona pellucida (zp). in a continuing assessment of zp3 as a candidate antigen for contraceptive vaccine development, female squirrel monkeys were immunized with 200 μg zp3 using either freund's adjuvant (fa) or muramyl dipeptide (mdp) and the effect of such immunization on ovarian histology examined. two experimental and three control groups were immunized: group 1 (n = 4), zp3 plus fa; group 2 (n = 4),zp3 plus mdp; and cont ... | 1991 | 31952394 |
| genetic relationships among three squirrel monkey types: implications for taxonomy, biomedical research, and captive breeding. | fourteen electrophoretically variable and 12 monomorphic erythrocytic and serum proteins were used to determine the genetic relationships among bolivian squirrel monkeys (saimiri boliviensis boliviensis), peruvian squirrel monkeys (saimiri boliviensis peruviensis), and guyanese squirrel monkeys (saimiri sciureus sciureus). the results supported the classification scheme of hershkovitz (american journal of primatology 7:155-210, 1984), which is used above. a profile of marker phenotypes can unamb ... | 1990 | 31963960 |
| effect of separation distance on isolation call structure in squirrel monkeys (saimiri sciureus). | isolation calls of captive squirrel monkeys were recorded by separating infants from their natal group members and then permitting vocal contact between the "lost" baby and the group at systematically varied distances. separated infants gave longer calls at greater separation distances from their natal group members, and responding adults and juveniles similarly extended the length of their vocalizations. in the longer variants, a highfrequency element was prolonged, which is considered to be an ... | 1986 | 31979483 |
| case report: esophageal spirura infection in a squirrel monkey (saimiri sciureus). | necropsy of an adult, wild-born squirrel monkey (saimiri sciureus) revealed 30 to 40 esophageal nematodes. the anterior end of each nematode was firmly attached to the mucosa, with the remaining portion free in the lumen. histologic changes were limited to the superficial mucosa, where the epithelium adjacent to the nematode was hyperplastic and increased keratin formed a bridge over the body of the parasite. the nematode was identified as belonging to the genus spirura. the number of parasites ... | 1986 | 31979481 |
| comparative studies of social behavior in callicebus and saimiri: behavioral and physiological responses of established pairs to unfamiliar pairs. | comparisons were made of the behavioral and physiological responses of heterosexual pairs of two closely related new world primates, callicebus moloch and saimiri sciureus, to confrontations with unfamiliar pairs. subject pairs were exposed to strangers in two situations differing in the presumed degree of arousal they imposed: obligatory (full visual exposure) and facultative (one part of the test cage allowed visual withdrawal). behavioral reactions were evaluated employing frequencies of affi ... | 1986 | 31979464 |
| biochemical and hormonal correlates of dominance and social behavior in all-male groups of squirrel monkeys (saimiri sciureus). | this study examined the relationship between dominance rank and several physiological and behavioral measures in stable, captive, all-male squirrel monkey groups. four groups, each containing three males, were observed for 12 weeks during the breeding season. relative dominance ranking among males in each group was based on the direction of agonistic behaviors displayed. for each subject, whole blood serotonin (wbs), plasma testosterone (t), and cortisol (c) were sampled 4 to 6 times over the co ... | 1986 | 31979459 |
| choline acetyltransferase and acetylcholinesterase activities in neocortex and hippocampus of squirrel monkey (saimiri sciureus). | the activities of choline acetyltransferase (chat) and acetylcholinesterase (ache) were measured in five neocortical regions and in the hippocampal formation of one hemisphere in eight 30-day-old squirrel monkeys. enzyme levels in the hippocampal formation (hippocampus, dentate gyrus, and subiculum) were higher than in any neocortical region. within neocortex, chat activity was highest in superior temporal and precentral regions, intermediate in prefrontal and postcentral regions, and lowest in ... | 1986 | 31979455 |
| sequences and timing of dental eruption in bolivian captive-born squirrel monkeys (saimiri sciureus). | squirrel monkeys, colony-born from bolivian parents, were studied to establish the sequences and timing of eruption for deciduous and permanent teeth. infants were born with a naked gingiva, and in only one monkey was di1 present at birth. the eruption of the lower deciduous teeth preceded their upper counterparts with the exception of di2, dc, and dpm2. no significant differences were found between the right and left quadrants of the mandible and maxilla. no significant sexual differences were ... | 1985 | 31986811 |
| species differences in adrenocortical activity of new world primates: response to dexamethasone suppression. | the effect of dexamethasone-induced alteration of adrenocortical activity was assessed in two species of new world primates: saimiri sciureus and callicebus moloch. basal and stress levels of corticosteroids were determined following treatment with three doses of dexamethasone (0, 50, or 500 μg/kg). saimiri showed substantially higher basal levels of corticosteroids than did callicebus and a greater incremental corticosteroid response to physical restraint. dexamethasone was found to reduce basa ... | 1985 | 31986807 |
| maternal recognition of individual infant squirrel monkeys from isolation call playbacks. | responses of six squirrel monkey (saimiri sciureus) mothers to playback of a single call type, the "isolation peep," made by their own infants were tested after mothers and infants had been separated for more than a week. the playback tapes were edited from tapes containing mixed vocal material recorded when infants and mothers could see but not touch each other. mothers showed recognition of their own infants compared to other familiar infants by increases in four measures of proximity to the s ... | 1985 | 31986795 |
| detection and cultivation of intestinal trichomonads of squirrel monkeys (saimiri sciureus). | routine examinations of fecal samples from squirrel monkeys suggested that intestinal trichomonads might be common inhabitants of these animals. in pursuit of these observations, microscopic examination of fecal suspensions and cultures have demonstrated a 100% incidence of trichomonads in 30 arbitrarily selected animals from a colony of more than 300 housed in groups of ten. the most prominent species was pentatrichomonas hominis. a not yet fully characterized tritrichomonad was also found on s ... | 1985 | 31986788 |
| taxonomy of squirrel monkeys genus saimiri (cebidae, platyrrhini): a preliminary report with description of a hitherto unnamed form. | two groups of squirrel monkeys, genus saimiri, are distinguished by external characters. the first, or roman type, contains saimiri boliviensis of upper amazonia south of the rio marañón-amazonas, with two subspecies of which s. boliviensis peruviensis is described as new. the second group, or gothic type, contains three species: saimiri sciureus with four subspecies distributed over much of tropical south america, saimiri ustus of brazil between the south bank amazonian rios purús and xingu, an ... | 1984 | 32160721 |
| accumulation of 2-deoxy-d-glucose by primate oocytes fertilized in vitro. | the present study was designed to investigate the accumulation of 2-deoxy-d-glucose (2-dg) by squirrel monkey oocytes fertilized in vitro; to assess the effects of insulin addition to the medium on 2-dg accumulation; and, finally, to evaluate the use of 2-dg in viability determinations of oocytes. accumulation of 2-dg by unfertilized oocytes from squirrel monkeys was 13.94 fmol/oocyte/3 h and was not affected by the addition of either 10 nm or 1 μm insulin. there was no change in 2-dg accumulati ... | 1984 | 32138458 |
| behavioral responses to species-specific warning calls in infant squirrel monkeys reared in social isolation. | six infant squirrel monkeys were reared in social isolation. they responded differentially to playbacks of two species-specific alarm calls. the reaction to the alarm peep, the warning call to bird predators, was a prompt flight to the mother surrogate and essentially resembled the respective behavior of mother-reared infants. the responses to yapping, the alarm call to terrestrial predators, were less clear-cut and habituated soon. however, when yapping was played back in connection with the pr ... | 1984 | 32131565 |
| diurnal variations of androgens in sexually mature male bolivian squirrel monkeys (saimiri sciureus) during the breeding season. | to assess diurnal fluctuations of serum androgens and cortisol in adult male bolivian squirrel monkeys, these steroids were measured at predetermined times (0300, 0900, and 2300 hours) during two separate 24-hour periods in the breeding season (january 1983 and late november 1983). a significant diurnal change in serum cortisol was noted, with a nadir of 99.9 ± 11.9 μg/dl (x̄ ± sem) at 2300 hours and a peak of 168.9 ± 7.8 μg/dl at 0900 hours. conversely, a nadir in serum testosterone was noted a ... | 1984 | 32111108 |
| ultradian periodicities in eeg and behavior in the squirrel monkey (saimiri sciureus). | this report describes periodic oscillations in electroencephalographic (eeg) and behavioral activity with a cycle length of 15-30 seconds in chair-restrained squirrel monkeys (saimiri sciureus). these oscillations consisted of alternating episodes of vigilance, characterized by visual scanning and motor movement, and inattentiveness, characterized by behavioral quiescence with little eye or limb movement. during vigilance the eeg exhibited low-amplitude, high-frequency (> 16 hz) activity. during ... | 1984 | 32106638 |
| seasonal changes of serum concentrations of estradiol and progesterone in bolivian squirrel monkeys (saimiri sciureus). | serial measurements of estradiol (e2) and progesterone (p) were used to describe the ovarian cycle of the bolivian squirrel monkey. group-caged, sexually mature female squirrel monkeys, housed with males, were sampled daily between 0900 and 1100 hr. sampling was carried out during the breeding and nonbreeding seasons, for periods of 19-20 days from september 1981 to may 1982. seasonal differences in serum concentrations of e2 and p were found with low levels of e2 and p and an absence of preovul ... | 1984 | 31986841 |
| the illustrated squirrel monkey. review of squirrel monkeys (saimiri sciureus) in a seminatural environment, authored and published by john d. baldwin, 1983, department of sociology, university of california at santa barbara. available on a 24 minute, 3/4 inch videocassette from the wisconsin regional primate research center library for loan. | | 1984 | 31986837 |
| brief report: synthesis of ribonucleic acid in oocytes collected from squirrel monkeys and humans following chorionic gonadotropin administration. | the time between administration of human chorionic gonadotropin (hcg) and follicle aspiration was analyzed for alterations in [3h]uridine incorporation [as an indicator of relative synthesis of ribonucleic acid (rna)] of oocytes from squirrel monkeys and humans. there was a significant decline in both the uptake and incorporation of [3h]uridine in squirrel monkey oocytes by 36 hr following hcg administration to the animals, as compared with 16 hr after hcg. similarly, rna synthesis diminished in ... | 1983 | 31986854 |
| repeated separations of 2-year-old squirrel monkeys from familiar mother surrogates. | six squirrel monkeys (saimiri sciureus) during their first year of life were isolated and repeatedly separated from cloth mother surrogates. subsequently, they were returned to the colony for 1 year and received visual access to normally reared squirrel monkeys. at 2 years of age, the surrogates were reintroduced to the monkeys under conditions identical to those of their first year through cycles of separation and reunion of the surrogate. these monkeys displayed increased high-energy activity, ... | 1982 | 31991991 |
| responsiveness of adult squirrel monkeys (saimiri sciureus) to mother-infant separation. | this study tested the responsiveness of adult male squirrel monkeys living with mother-infant dyads to various conditions of mother-infant separation. during each of the five weekly experimental 30-minute sessions, as well as during undisturbed basal conditions, the behavioral and hormonal responses of five adult males were assessed. the results indicated that only one experimental condition-that involving the actual manipulation of the separated infant during the test session-produced behaviora ... | 1982 | 31991990 |
| abnormal behaviors in nursery-reared squirrel monkeys (saimiri sciureus). | seventeen squirrel monkeys (saimiri sciureus), 11 nursery-reared and six mother-reared, were monitored to clarify the type and degree of deviant behaviors that result from rearing this species in the nursery. two observation periods were used: the first when the subjects averaged 6.7 months of age, the second when they averaged 15.5 months. thirteen activities involving variations of nonnutritive orality, stereotypic posturing, and agitated behaviors were seen in the nursery-reared subjects, but ... | 1981 | 31995943 |
| prenatal ionizing irradiaton and early postnatal growth of colombian and bolivian squirrel monkeys (saimiri sciureus). | fetal squirrel monkeys of bolivian and colombian origin were exposed to 100 rad cobalt-60 radiation in utero and carried to term by the dams. body weight, head circumference, crown-rump length, and food intake were measured during the first 28 postnatal days. significant subspecies differences were noted in both mothers and offspring, the colombian squirrel monkeys being generally larger than the bolivians. the irradiated offspring weighed significantly less, had significantly smaller crania, an ... | 1981 | 31995909 |
| congenital encephalitozoonosis in a squirrel monkey ( saimiri sciureus). | multifocal granulomatous encephalitis associated with invasion of the brain by encephalitozoon cuniculi was present in a squirrel monkey less than 24 h old. this appeared to be a congenital infection. the infant's dam was clinically normal. | 1972 | 29883992 |