| oxidative damage in trout erythrocyte in response to "in vitro" copper exposure. | the oxidative action of copper on different trout oncorhynchus mykiss erythrocyte components was studied. the results indicate that: --cupric ions differently influence the oxidative status of two trout hemoglobin components i and iv (hbi and hbiv) having different structural and functional properties; --reactive oxygen species (ros) production associated with hemoglobins autoxidation is not influenced by the presence of copper sulfate; --the susceptibility to hemolysis increases in the presence ... | 2010 | 19880173 |
| responses of antioxidant status and na+-k+-atpase activity in gill of rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, chronically treated with carbamazepine. | in recent years, chemical pollution by the residual pharmaceuticals has been increasingly important issue due to its widely present in the aquatic environment. however, the toxicological effects of residual pharmaceuticals on fish have not been adequately researched. the aim of this work is to investigate the toxic effect of cbz, an anticonvulsant drug commonly present in aquatic environment, on antioxidant status and na+-k+-atpase in gill of rainbow trout exposed to sublethal cbz (1.0 microg l( ... | 2009 | 19889442 |
| expression of immune-regulatory genes, arginase-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase (inos), in two rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) strains following exposure to myxobolus cerebralis. | the present endeavor was conducted to evaluate the role of activated macrophage in the susceptibility of two different rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) strains, a susceptible american (t) and a more resistant german (h), to infection with myxobolus cerebralis. arginase-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase (inos) genes were used as references to the alternative and classical pathway of macrophage activation. the expression level of both genes was measured using quantitative real-time polymera ... | 2010 | 19894064 |
| disparate infection patterns of ceratomyxa shasta (myxozoa) in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) and chinook salmon (oncorhynchus tshawytscha) correlate with internal transcribed spacer-1 sequence variation in the parasite. | ceratomyxa shasta is a virulent myxosporean parasite of salmon and trout in the pacific northwest of north america. the parasite is endemic in the klamath river, oregon/california, where a series of dams prevent movement of fish hosts between the upper and lower parts of the basin. ceratomyxa shasta exhibits a range of infection patterns in different fish species above and below the dams. we hypothesised that the variations in infection and disease are indicators that different strains of the pa ... | 2010 | 19895812 |
| effects of ceratomyxa shasta dose on a susceptible strain of rainbow trout and comparatively resistant chinook and coho salmon. | ceratomyxa shasta infects salmon and trout, causing ceratomyxosis, a disease characterized by parasite proliferation in the intestine and death. we used laboratory challenges to investigate the infective dose for 3 fish species: a susceptible strain of rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss and comparatively resistant chinook o. tshawytscha and coho salmon o. kisutch. for susceptible rainbow trout, we determined the outcome of infection under conditions of varying parasite dose, fish size, and parasi ... | 2009 | 19899347 |
| a comparative molecular study of the presence of "candidatus arthromitus" in the digestive system of rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum), healthy and affected with rainbow trout gastroenteritis. | observations were made using histopathological techniques in conjunction with a nested polymerase chain reaction (pcr) protocol for the specific detection of "candidatus arthromitus" on dna extracted from wax-embedded tissues and fresh digestive contents of rainbow trout. samples positive for "candidatus arthromitus" dna included fish with rainbow trout gastroenteritis (rtge), clinically normal cohabiting fish, and apparently healthy controls from rtge positive and rtge negative sites. the resul ... | 2010 | 19912454 |
| cellular components of probiotics control yersinia ruckeri infection in rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum). | subcellular components of the probiotics aeromonas sobria gc2 and bacillus subtilis jb-1, when administered to rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, conferred protection against a new biogroup of yersinia ruckeri. thus, intraperitoneal or intramuscular injection of rainbow trout with cell wall proteins (cwps), outer membrane proteins (omps), lipopolysaccharides (lps), whole cell proteins (wcps) and live cells followed by challenge on day 8 with y. ruckeri led to 80-100% survival compared with 10% ... | 2010 | 19912460 |
| expression profiling of rainbow trout testis development identifies evolutionary conserved genes involved in spermatogenesis. | spermatogenesis is a late developmental process that involves a coordinated expression program in germ cells and a permanent communication between the testicular somatic cells and the germ-line. current knowledge regarding molecular factors driving male germ cell proliferation and differentiation in vertebrates is still limited and mainly based on existing data from rodents and human. fish with a marked reproductive cycle and a germ cell development in synchronous cysts have proven to be choice ... | 2009 | 19925684 |
| kocuria sm1 controls vibriosis in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss, walbaum). | to develop probiotics for the control of vibriosis caused by vibrio anguillarum and vibrio ordalii in finfish. | 2010 | 19929950 |
| control of branchial artery tone in fish: effects of environmental temperature and phylogeny. | branchial artery vasoreactivity and nerve density were measured in teleosts of different phylogenetic relatedness from cold (-1.86 degrees to +1 degrees c) and temperate ( approximately 13 degrees c) environments. polar notothenia coriiceps and temperate paranotothenia angustata are closely related southern hemisphere nototheniids, and polar boreogadus saida and temperate myoxocephalus scorpius are northern hemisphere species that are phylogenetically distant from each other and the nototheniids ... | 2010 | 19938979 |
| identification of multi-drug resistance associated proteins mrp1 (abcc1) and mrp3 (abcc3) from rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | the mrps (multi-drug resistance associated proteins; abcc subfamily) are members of the atp binding cassette (abc) superfamily of transport proteins and act as cellular efflux transporters of a wide variety of substrates, in particular glutathione, glucuronide and sulphate conjugates of diverse compounds. together with p-gp (p-glycoprotein; mdr1; abcb1) and bcrp (breast cancer resistance protein, abcg2) the mrps are highly important as cellular defense against toxicants and confer multixenobioti ... | 2010 | 19963264 |
| immersion exposure of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) fry to wildtype flavobacterium psychrophilum induces no mortality, but protects against later intraperitoneal challenge. | flavobacterium psychrophilum, the causative agent of rtfs or rainbow trout fry syndrome, causes high mortality among hatchery reared rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) fry in europe and the usa. despite several attempts, no efficient vaccines have yet been developed, the main obstacle being that the fry have to be vaccinated very early, i.e. around 0.2-0.5 g, where rtfs usually starts to give problems in the fish farms. consequently, only oral or bath vaccines are relevant. immersion of fry in ... | 2010 | 20004722 |
| intracellular diffusion restrictions in isolated cardiomyocytes from rainbow trout. | restriction of intracellular diffusion of adenine nucleotides has been studied intensively on adult rat cardiomyocytes. however, their cause and role in vivo is still uncertain. intracellular membrane structures have been suggested to play a role. we therefore chose to study cardiomyocytes from rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), which are thinner and have fewer intracellular membrane structures than adult rat cardiomyocytes. previous studies suggest that trout permeabilized cardiac fibers also ... | 2009 | 20017912 |
| molecular cloning and sequencing of hemoglobin-beta gene of channel catfish, ictalurus punctatus rafinesque. | the hemoglobin-beta gene of channel catfish, ictalurus punctatus, was cloned and sequenced. total rna from head kidneys was isolated, reverse transcribed and amplified. the sequence of the channel catfish hemoglobin-beta gene consists of 600 nucleotides. analysis of the nucleotide sequence reveals one open reading frame and 5'- as well as 3'-untranslated regions. the open reading frame of the sequence potentially encodes 148 amino acids with a calculated molecular mass of 16.3 kda. the pi and ch ... | 2006 | 20035483 |
| development and validation of a short-time cell culture and multiplex reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction assay for infectious pancreatic necrosis virus in mexican farm-sampled rainbow trout. | the infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (ipnv) affects several species of freshwater and marine fish. in mexico, ipnv has an important impact on farming of rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss; however, ipnv distribution in mexico is unclear. the diagnosis of ipnv is laborious; usually it is based on isolation tests in cell culture followed by immunological identification using techniques of serum neutralization, immunofluorescence, or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. it has recently been demons ... | 2009 | 20043402 |
| studies on the possibility of vertical transmission of norwegian salmonid alphavirus in production of atlantic salmon in norway. | disease associated with salmonid alphavirus (sav) infection is a significant problem for farm production of salmonids in europe. the sav subtype 3 (sav3) is a norwegian subtype present exclusively in production systems for atlantic salmon salmo salar and rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss in western norway. it has been suggested that sav3 is transmitted through smolt transport from the main area for sav disease in western norway to as far as northern norway. one explanation for this type of sprea ... | 2009 | 20043403 |
| relationships between growth and disease resistance in rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum). | rainbow trout from 23 families were evaluated for growth and resistance to the bacterial coldwater disease (bcwd) caused by flavobacterium psychrophilum and infectious haematopoietic necrosis (ihn) caused by ihn virus. average family weights were between 161 and 263 g with an average of 225 g at 213 days post-fertilization with specific growth rates ranging from 2.37 to 2.88. per cent survival of fish challenged with f. psychrophilum was between 18% and 100%, while for those challenged with ihnv ... | 2010 | 20059633 |
| comparative transcriptomic analysis of follicle-enclosed oocyte maturational and developmental competence acquisition in two non-mammalian vertebrates. | in vertebrates, late oogenesis is a key period during which the oocyte acquires its ability to resume meiosis (i.e. maturational competence) and to develop, once fertilized, into a normal embryo (i.e. developmental competence). however, the molecular mechanisms involved in these key biological processes are far from being fully understood. in order to identify key mechanisms conserved among teleosts and amphibians, we performed a comparative analysis using ovarian tissue sampled at successive st ... | 2010 | 20059772 |
| the znuabc operon is important for yersinia ruckeri infections of rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum). | signature-tagged mutagenesis was used to identify genes essential for survival of yersinia ruckeri in its natural host, rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss. a mini-tn5-km2 signature-tagged mutant, c6-1, was missing from rainbow trout kidney at 7 days after an immersion challenge. the transposon insertion in c6-1 was in a homologue of the znua gene of escherichia coli that encodes znua, a zinc-binding periplasmic protein of the high-affinity zinc transporter znuabc. further sequencing of the c6-1 ... | 2010 | 20070462 |
| the garlic component, allicin, prevents disease caused by aeromonas hydrophila in rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum). | allicin was fed at 0 (= control), 0.5 and 1.0 ml of allimed liquid 100 g(-1) of feed for 14 days to rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum), fingerlings before infection with aeromonas hydrophila with a resultant reduction in mortalities from 80% in the controls to 8% [relative percentage survival (rps) = 90%] and 0% (rps = 100%) among the treated fish. allicin was strongly antibacterial compared to the control, with a minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) of >400 microl ml(-1) of allimed ... | 2010 | 20082660 |
| viral hemorrhagic septicemia and infectious pancreatic necrosis viruses replicate differently in rainbow trout gonad and induce different chemokine transcription profiles. | viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (vhsv) and infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (ipnv) are two rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) pathogens. while ipnv is known to be vertically transmitted to the next generation through the oocyte, vhsv is known to replicate in the ovary and be transmitted horizontally through the ovarian fluid. in this work, we wanted to study whether these differences had an effect on the immune response triggered in the ovary, with a focus on the chemokine response. we h ... | 2010 | 20096727 |
| use of lupin, lupinus perennis, mango, mangifera indica, and stinging nettle, urtica dioica, as feed additives to prevent aeromonas hydrophila infection in rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum). | feeding rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum), with 1% lupin, lupinus perennis, mango, mangifera indica, or stinging nettle, urtica dioica, for 14 days led to reductions in mortality after challenge with aeromonas hydrophila. in addition, there was significant enhancement in serum bactericidal activity, respiratory burst and lysozyme activity in the treatment groups compared to the controls. use of lupin and mango led to the highest number of red blood and white blood cells in recipient f ... | 2010 | 20102439 |
| characterization of a vhs virus genotype iii isolated from rainbow trout (oncorhychus mykiss) at a marine site on the west coast of norway. | norwegian production of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) has been without any outbreaks of vhs for many years until the disease emerged in a farm in western norway in november 2007. the fish were, in addition to vhs virus, positive for gill chlamydia-like bacteria, flavobacterium psychrophilum, and a microsporidian. a new vhs virus genotype iii was isolated from the fish in rtgill-w1 cells and the complete coding region (11,065 nucleotides) was sequenced. this virus was also used in a challen ... | 2010 | 20102597 |
| probiotic bacteria lactobacillus rhamnosus influences the blood profile in rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum). | this paper reports the effect of feeding probiotic diets on blood profiles in rainbow trout. two experiments were performed: in the first, fish of average weight 75 g were offered either a commercial feed or the same incorporated with 10(9) cfu g(-1) of lactic acid bacteria lactobacillus rhamnosus for 30 days; in the second study performed for a similar duration, fish of average weight 126 g were offered formulated diets that either contained the same bacteria in heat-killed or freeze-dried form ... | 2010 | 20127411 |
| response of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) in skin and fin tissue during infection with a variant of gyrodactylus salaris (monogenea: gyrodactylidae). | response mechanisms of rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum), experimentally infected with a danish strain of gyrodactylus salaris malmberg, 1957 were investigated using molecular tools (qpcr) and immunohistochemistry. expression of ten immune-relevant genes and reactivity with five different antibodies in the epidermis of skin and fin tissue were analysed in susceptible but responding rainbow trout. rainbow trout were susceptible with regard to the parasite strain which initially colonise ... | 2009 | 20128237 |
| identification, characterization and genetic mapping of tlr1 loci in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | induction of innate immune pathways is critical for early anti-microbial defense but there is limited understanding of how teleosts recognize microbial molecules and activate these pathways. in mammals, toll-like receptors (tlr) 1 and 2 form a heterodimer involved in recognizing peptidoglycans and lipoproteins of microbial origin. herein, we identify and describe the rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) tlr1 gene ortholog and its mrna expression. two tlr1 loci were identified from a rainbow trout ... | 2010 | 20153434 |
| viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus ivb experimental infection of rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum), and fathead minnow, pimphales promelas (rafinesque). | viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (vhsv) in the great lakes has had a dramatic impact on fish husbandry because of the implications of the presence of a reportable disease. experimental infections with vhsv ivb were conducted in rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum), and fathead minnows, pimphales promelas (rafinesque), to examine their susceptibility and the clinical impact of infection. triplicate groups of rainbow trout (n = 40) were injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) with 100 microl ... | 2010 | 20158580 |
| enzymatic alterations and rna/dna ratio in intestine of rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, induced by chronic exposure to carbamazepine. | we investigated the effect of long-term exposure to carbamazepine (cbz) on the enzymatic alterations and rna/dna ratio in intestine tissue of rainbow trout. fish were exposed to sublethal concentrations of cbz (1.0 microg/l, 0.2 or 2.0 mg/l) for 42 days. digestive enzymes (proteolytic enzymes and amylase) and energy metabolic enzyme (na(+)-k(+)-atpase) and antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase [sod], catalase [cat], glutathione peroxidase [gpx], and glutathione reductase [gr]) in fish intest ... | 2010 | 20174868 |
| effects of exposure to sublethal propiconazole on intestine-related biochemical responses in rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss. | the effect of long-term (30 days) exposure to pcz (0.2, 50, and 500 microg l(-1)) on intestine-related biochemical markers in rainbow trout was investigated. multiple biomarkers were measured, including digestive enzymes (proteolytic enzymes and amylase), antioxidant responses (tbars, cp, sod, cat, gr and gpx) and energy metabolic parameters (rna/dna ratio, na(+)-k(+)-atpase). exposure to 500 microg l(-1) pcz led to significantly inhibited (p<0.01) proteolytic enzyme and amylase activity. activi ... | 2010 | 20193671 |
| yersinia ruckeri genes that attenuate survival in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) are identified using signature-tagged mutants. | to identify genes that enable the enteric redmouth disease bacterium, yersinia ruckeri, to persist in salmonid fish, 1056 signature-tagged mini-tn5km2 transposon mutants of a serotype 1 strain of y. ruckeri, rs1154, were screened in rainbow trout by immersion infection. two rounds of screening in fish identified 25 mutants that were not re-isolated from the kidney, 7 days post-infection. six mutants were tested a third time in fish, in 1:1 competitive challenges with the parent strain; 4 failed ... | 2010 | 20202763 |
| a prospective longitudinal study of "candidatus arthromitus"-associated rainbow trout gastroenteritis in the uk. | rainbow trout gastroenteritis (rtge) is an emerging disease of farmed rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) reported in croatia, france, italy, spain and the uk. the impact of rtge at the site-level varies, and daily mortalities of 0.5-1% are common. gross lesions include severe enteritis with congestion and oedema, and the segmented filamentous bacterium "candidatus arthromitus" has been suggested as a possible aetiological agent. this paper presents findings from a prospective longitudinal epide ... | 2010 | 20207037 |
| parasite-induced aggression and impaired contest ability in a fish host. | abstract: | 2010 | 20226098 |
| peptidoglycan, not endotoxin, is the key mediator of cytokine gene expression induced in rainbow trout macrophages by crude lps. | in rainbow trout macrophages, phenol-extracted lipopolysaccharide (lps) preparations stimulate proinflammatory cytokine gene expression but ultrapure preparations of lps are inactive. crude lps preparations could potentially have a number of contaminants including peptidoglycans (pgns), nucleic acids and lipoproteins. thus, in the current study we individually tested potentially contaminating pathogen associated molecular patterns (pamps) on rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) macrophages to det ... | 2010 | 20304498 |
| the rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) interferon response in the ovary. | immune responses in the ovary are tightly regulated to provide protection for the developing germ cells, which are very sensitive to inflammatory responses. this characteristic immune response is often used by viral pathogens to evade the immune system, replicate and be transmitted to other specimens through the ovary. taking into account that in teleost fish, the innate immune system is considered crucial to the outcome of viral infections and the interferon (ifn) system is considered as the fi ... | 2010 | 20356627 |
| the placement of gyrodactylus salmonis (yin & sproston) in the molecular phylogeny of studied members of the gyrodactylus wageneri-group parasitizing salmonids. | the molecular phylogeny of gyrodactylus salmonis from brook charr, salvelinus fontinalis, rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, cutthroat trout, o. clarkii, and atlantic salmon, salmo salar, in canada is presented using sequences from its-rdna and the mitochondrial cox 1 gene. sequence variation among g. salmonis specimens from the different north american hosts was consistent with within-species variation reported for other gyrodactylus. sequence data are compared to those from other members of t ... | 2010 | 20367738 |
| development of protection in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss, walbaum) to vibrio anguillarum following use of the probiotic kocuria sm1. | probiotic kocuria sm1, which was part of the allochthonous gut microbiota of rainbow trout, was administered to rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) fingerlings as dietary supplement at approximately 10(8) cells g(-1) for two weeks. the fish were challenged with vibrio anguillarum and innate immunity determined over the following 5 weeks. the probiotic-fed fish survived (mortalities = 10-28%; p < 0.05) better than the controls (mortalities = 73-92%) for 5 weeks after stopping administration of ko ... | 2010 | 20371293 |
| viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (vhsv) genotype ii isolated from european river lamprey lampetra fluviatilis in finland during surveillance from 1999 to 2008. | we examined the occurrence of viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (vhsv) in the main spawning stocks of wild european river lamprey lampetra fluviatilis in the rivers of finland from 1999 to 2008. pooled samples of internal organs (kidney, liver and heart or brain) from 2621 lampreys were examined for the presence of vhsv by standard virological techniques. vhsv was isolated from 5 samples from the rivers lestijoki and kalajoki, which flow from finland into the bothnian bay of the baltic sea. t ... | 2010 | 20377008 |
| altered thyroxine metabolism in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) exposed to hexabromocyclododecane (hbcd). | hexabromocyclododecane (hbcd) is an additive flame retardant used in consumer and industrial applications. our earlier work suggested that fish exposed to hbcd exhibited an increase in the rate of turnover of thyroxine (t4), the precursor molecule to the active thyroid hormone triiodothyronine (t3). to examine this further, juvenile rainbow trout were held in the laboratory and fed diets containing environmentally relevant concentrations of the individual alpha, beta or gamma isomers. thirty-two ... | 2010 | 20378152 |
| invasion of ceratomyxa shasta (myxozoa) and comparison of migration to the intestine between susceptible and resistant fish hosts. | the myxozoan parasite ceratomyxa shasta infects salmonids causing ceratomyxosis, a disease elicited by proliferation of the parasite in the intestine. this parasite is endemic to the pacific northwest of north america and salmon and trout strains from endemic river basins show increased resistance to the parasite. it has been suggested that these resistant fish (i) exclude the parasite at the site of invasion and/or (ii) prevent establishment in the intestine. using parasites pre-labeled with a ... | 2010 | 20385137 |
| insulin-induced hypoglycaemia is co-ordinately regulated by liver and muscle during acute and chronic insulin stimulation in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | the relative glucose intolerance of carnivorous fish species is often proposed to be a result of poor peripheral insulin action or possibly insulin resistance. in the present study, data from aortic cannulated rainbow trout receiving bovine insulin (75 miu kg(-1)) injections show for the first time their ability to clear glucose in a very efficient manner. in another set of experiments, mrna transcripts and protein phosphorylation status of proteins controlling glycaemia and glucose-related meta ... | 2010 | 20400628 |
| sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (its) region reveals a novel clade of ichthyophonus sp. from rainbow trout. | the mesomycetozoean parasite ichthyophonus hoferi is most commonly associated with marine fish hosts but also occurs in some components of the freshwater rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss aquaculture industry in idaho, usa. it is not certain how the parasite was introduced into rainbow trout culture, but it might have been associated with the historical practice of feeding raw, ground common carp cyprinus carpio that were caught by commercial fisherman. here, we report a major genetic division b ... | 2010 | 20402235 |
| in vivo and in vitro mixed-function oxygenase activity and vitellogenin induction in fish and in fish and rat liver cells by stilbenes isolated from scotch pine (pinus sylvestris). | many types of pulp and paper mill effluents have the ability to induce mixed-function oxygenase (mfo) activity and vitellogenin (vtg) protein in exposed male fish. the search for the compounds responsible for mfo induction has led to several classes of compounds, among them retene and stilbenes. the objective of this study was to investigate the biological activities of candidate stilbene compounds. three stilbenes, 3,5-dihydroxystilbene (pinosylvin; p1), 3-hydroxy-5-methoxystilbene (p2), and 3, ... | 2011 | 20464549 |
| inflammatory and regenerative responses in salmonids following mechanical tissue damage and natural infection. | locale responses in muscle tissue against either a sterile tissue damage or infection were compared in salmonid fish in order to examine the inflammatory responses and regeneration of tissue. from higher vertebrates both damage and infection are known to cause inflammation since damps released from injured cells as well as pamps from the surface of pathogens are immunogenic. to examine this in salmonid fishes, atlantic salmon (salmo salar) were infected with moritella viscosus, the causative age ... | 2010 | 20472069 |
| the uvry response regulator of the bara-uvry two-component system contributes to yersinia ruckeri infection of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | to identify virulence-associated genes of a fish pathogen yersinia ruckeri, we screened a total of 1056 mini-tn5-km2 signature-tagged mutants in rainbow trout by immersion challenge. of 1056, 25 mutants were found survival-defective as they could not be re-isolated from fish kidney 7 days after infection. mutated gene in f2-4 mutant, one of the 25 mutants, was homologous to uvry that encodes uvry response regulator of bara-uvry two-component system (tcs). mutant f2-4 was significantly more sensi ... | 2010 | 20480360 |
| biological effects of high molecular weight lignin derivatives. | a number of high molecular weight (hmw) lignin derivatives possessing varied chemical properties were screened for their biological effects in order to obtain more information on the possible structural features of hmw lignin-related effects. the studied compounds were both commercial and in-house extracted lignin derivatives. bioassays used include reverse electron transport (ret), vibrio fischeri, daphnia magna, and juvenile rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) hepatocytes. the studied lignin d ... | 2010 | 20494440 |
| molecular characterization of prr13 and its tissue-specific expression in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | the proline-rich protein 13 (prr13) is reported to be a key regulator of the resistance to cytostatica by decreasing the copy number of the proapoptotic gene thrombospondin-1. we isolated and characterized the complete prr13 gene sequence of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). the gene comprises four exons and three introns, the latter of comparatively short lengths (100-811 bp). the full-length prr13 cdna consists of 1,101 nucleotides, including an open reading frame of 563 bp, which is predic ... | 2010 | 20526670 |
| priming of host resistance to protect cultured rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss against eye flukes and parasite-induced cataracts. | in the present study, immunologically naive rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss were experimentally exposed to a low-level diplostomum spathaceum (trematoda) infection to stimulate acquired resistance and, along with unexposed controls, were subsequently exposed to natural infection for 8 weeks. the priming of the host resistance, designed to simulate a procedure applicable in aquaculture, decreased the number of establishing parasites compared to untreated controls by the end of the experiment. t ... | 2010 | 20537029 |
| antiviral dna vaccination in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) affects the immune response in the ovary and partially blocks its capacity to support viral replication in vitro. | dna vaccination has proved a very effective method for controlling viral infections in fish, especially those provoked by rhabdovirus such as viral hemorrhagic septicaemia virus (vhsv). recently, an effective dna vaccine against infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (ipnv) that codes for the viral polyprotein, and exerts its activity through a different mode of action than rhabdoviral vaccines has been developed. despite their known protective capacity, whether dna vaccines completely protect fis ... | 2010 | 20538063 |
| deep divergence and apparent sex-biased dispersal revealed by a y-linked marker in rainbow trout. | y-chromosome and mitochondrial dna markers can reveal phylogenetic patterns by allowing tracking of male and female lineages, respectively. we used sequence data from a recently discovered y-linked marker and a mitochondrial marker to examine phylogeographic structure in the widespread and economically important rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). two distinct geographic groupings that generally correspond to coastal and inland subspecies were evident within the y-marker network while the mtdna ... | 2010 | 20546904 |
| endohelminth parasites from salmonids in intensive culture from southern chile. | a total of 228 salmonids (90 oncorhynchus mykiss, 48 oncorhynchus kisutch, and 90 salmo salar) from 8 intensive aquaculture centers in the south of chile were examined for endohelminths parasites between december 2008 and may 2009. the body cavities of 2 o. mykiss were infected by diphyllobothrium sp. plerocercoids (prevalence: 6.7%, mean intensity: 1.0, mean abundance: 0.07) from the lake tarahuin hatchery on the south of chiloé island. also, tetraphyllidean plerocercoids (prevalence: 3.3%, mea ... | 2010 | 20557217 |
| evaluation of methane-utilising bacteria products as feed ingredients for monogastric animals. | bacterial proteins represent a potential future nutrient source for monogastric animal production because they can be grown rapidly on substrates with minimum dependence on soil, water, and climate conditions. this review summarises the current knowledge on methane-utilising bacteria as feed ingredients for animals. we present results from earlier work and recent findings concerning bacterial protein, including the production process, chemical composition, effects on nutrient digestibility, meta ... | 2010 | 20578647 |
| phase variation in flavobacterium psychrophilum: characterization of two distinct colony phenotypes. | four 'smooth' and 4 'rough' colony phenotypes of the gram-negative fish pathogen flavobacterium psychrophilum isolated from rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss were characterized using biochemical, physiological, molecular and virulence tests to better understand the pathogenesis of the bacterium. biochemically, the 2 cell types did not react significantly differently. physiologically, the 2 phenotypes had distinct characteristics, and, when grown in broth, the smooth cells were found to be autoag ... | 2010 | 20597429 |
| identification of suppressor of cytokine signalling (socs) 6, 7, 9 and cish in rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss and analysis of their expression in relation to other known trout socs. | four new members of the socs family of molecules in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), cish and socs6, 7 and 9, are described for the first time in this species. the genes had a wide tissue distribution in trout, and were detected in gills, skin, muscle, liver, spleen, head kidney, intestine and brain, with brain having the highest expression levels. stimulation of a rainbow trout leucocyte cell line, rts-11, (mononuclear/macrophage-like cells) with lps or poly i:c had no effect on the express ... | 2010 | 20600958 |
| temporal and pathogen-load dependent changes in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) immune response traits following challenge with biotype 2 yersinia ruckeri. | rainbow trout infected with yersinia ruckeri, the causative agent of enteric redmouth disease (erm), produce a pro-inflammatory and acute-phase response attributed in part to the innate recognition of bacterial-produced flagellin. recently, variants of y. ruckeri have been identified that lack flagella and associated motility. these strains are classified as biotype 2 (bt2) y. ruckeri and these are considered an emerging problem in salmonid aquaculture. little is known about the salmonid immune ... | 2010 | 20600959 |
| molecular characterization of atrogin-1/f-box protein-32 (fbxo32) and f-box protein-25 (fbxo25) in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss): expression across tissues in response to feed deprivation. | the characteristic increase in protein catabolism during muscle atrophy is largely the result of an increase in e3 ubiquitin ligase expression, specifically that of atrogin-1, or fbxo32, which functions to polyubiquitinate proteins. in rainbow trout, the cdna sequences of two e3 ubiquitin ligase f-box proteins, fbxo32 and fbxo25, were characterized and their expression across tissues in response to feed deprivation was determined. the cdna sequence for fbxo32 encodes a protein 355 amino acids lo ... | 2010 | 20601059 |
| ecotoxocological effects of short-term exposure to a human pharmaceutical verapamil in juvenile rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | verapamil (vrp) is a calcium channel blocker that is a highly prescribed compound and commonly present in aquatic environment, but the ecotoxicological effects of this pharmaceutical in fish have not been fully documented. in this study, the toxic effects of vrp were studied in juvenile rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, by acute static bioassay. in the acute test, the median lethal concentration (lc50, 2.72 mg/l) was evaluated and the behavioral changes were obviously intensified with increasi ... | 2010 | 20601120 |
| growth-related quantitative trait loci in domestic and wild rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | somatic growth is a complex process that involves the action and interaction of genes and environment. a number of quantitative trait loci (qtl) previously identified for body weight and condition factor in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), and two other salmonid species, were used to further investigate the genetic architecture of growth-influencing genes in this species. relationships among previously mapped candidate genes for growth and their co-localization to identified qtl regions are ... | 2010 | 20609225 |
| sequence and expression analysis of two t helper master transcription factors, t-bet and gata3, in rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss and analysis of their expression during bacterial and parasitic infection. | the polarization of naïve cd4+ t cells to t helper (th)1 or th2 cells is specified by two master transcription factors, t-bet and gata3, and is an essential feature of mammalian adaptive immune responses to pathogens and the development of long-lasting immunity. we report here the cloning of rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss t-bet and gata3, to allow the future evaluation of the existence of th1 and th2 cells in salmonid fish. the trout t-bet translation shares high amino acid identities to othe ... | 2010 | 20633655 |
| control of vitellogenin genes expression by sequences derived from transposable elements in rainbow trout. | in most of oviparous animals, vitellogenins (vtg) are the major egg yolk precursors. they are produced in the liver under the control of estrogens. in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), the vtg genes cluster contains an unusually large number of almost identical gene copies. in order to identify the regulatory elements in their promoters, we used a combination of reporter plasmids containing genomic sequences including putative estrogen response elements (eres) and we performed transient trans ... | 2010 | 20637911 |
| the putative rxlr effector protein sphtp1 from the fish pathogenic oomycete saprolegnia parasitica is translocated into fish cells. | the fish pathogenic oomycete saprolegnia parasitica causes the disease saprolegniosis in salmonids and other freshwater fish, resulting in considerable economic losses in aquaculture. very little is known about the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the infection process of fish pathogenic oomycetes. in order to investigate the interaction in detail, an in vitro infection assay using an oncorhynchus mykiss (rainbow trout) cell line (rtg-2) was developed. in a zoospore/cyst cdna library ... | 2010 | 20659163 |
| a multivariate comparison of the stress response in three salmonid and three cyprinid species: evidence for inter-family differences. | the response of six species of freshwater fishes, from the families cyprinidae (common carp cyprinus carpio, roach rutilus rutilus and chub leuciscus cephalus) and salmonidae (rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss, brown trout salmo trutta and arctic charr salvelinus alpinus), to a standardized stressor was evaluated. a 6 h period of confinement resulted in changes to plasma cortisol, glucose, amino acid and lactate levels compared with unconfined controls. there were significant differences in the ... | 2010 | 20666900 |
| plasma free amino acid kinetics in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) using a bolus injection of 15n-labeled amino acids. | to gain insight into the metabolic design of the amino acid carrier systems in fish, we injected a bolus of (15)n amino acids into the dorsal aorta in mature rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). the plasma kinetic parameters including concentration, pool size, rate of disappearance (r(d)), half-life and turnover rate were determined for 15 amino acids. when corrected for metabolic rate, the r(d) values obtained for trout for most amino acids were largely comparable to human values, with the exce ... | 2011 | 20676903 |
| identification of two foxp3 genes in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) with differential induction patterns. | foxp3 is a master transcription factor for the development and function of regulatory t cells in mammals, but little is known about this molecule in fish. two paralogues of mammalian foxp3 that share 83.9% identity at the amino acid level have been identified in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). the c-terminal region containing a zn_c2h2 domain, a leucine zipper-like domain and a forkhead (fh) domain important for dimerization, nuclear translocation, and dna binding, is well conserved between ... | 2010 | 20684994 |
| interactions of pharmaceuticals and other xenobiotics on hepatic pregnane x receptor and cytochrome p450 3a signaling pathway in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | the pregnane x receptor (pxr) belongs to the nuclear hormone receptor (nr) superfamily and is commonly described as a xenophore or a pharmacophore, as it can be activated by a wide array of xenobiotics, including numerous pharmaceuticals and other environmental pollutants. the pxr regulates expression of e.g. cytochrome p450 3a (cyp3a) and the p-glycoprotein (p-gp) that are involved in excretion of lipophilic xenobiotics and endobiotics. a full length pxr cdna was isolated from rainbow trout liv ... | 2010 | 20719396 |
| effect of flavobacterium columnare inoculation, antibiotic treatments and resident bacteria on rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss eyed egg survival and external membrane structure. | this study was conducted to evaluate the potential pathogenicity of the bacterium flavobacterium columnare on rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss eyed eggs. survival to hatching was unaffected by the inclusion in the incubation water of either 300 colony-forming units (cfu) ml(-1) or 3000 cfu ml(-1) of f. columnare at either 10 or 12 degrees c in either mcconaughy or shasta strain eyed eggs. bacterial numbers, obtained via scanning electron microscopy or culture, and external membrane morphology w ... | 2009 | 20735580 |
| purification of a toxic cysteine protease produced by pathogenic aeromonas hydrophila isolated from rainbow trout. | an extracellular lethal toxin produced by aeromonas hydrophila strain rt860715k originally isolated from diseased rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) was purified by using fast protein liquid chromatography system with hydrophobic interaction chromatography and anion exchange columns. the toxin was a cysteine protease, inhibited by l -cysteine, iodoacetic acid, n -ethylamleimide, p-chloromercuibenzene-sulfonic acid and n-α-p-tosyl-1-lysine-chloromethyl ketone (tlck), and showed maximal activity ... | 2010 | 20806257 |
| the effects of the alkyl polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon retene on rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) immune response. | the objective of this study was to examine the immune toxicity of the alkyl polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (pah) retene (7-isopropyl-1-methyl phenanthrene) in rainbow trout. retene is a common alkyl pah associated with combustion of terrestrial plants or industrial effluents. rainbow trout were injected intraperitoneally with a single dose of 0, 1, or 10mg/kg of retene and sampled at 21d. within each retene treatment, co-injection of formalin-killed aeromonas salmonicida or a phosphate buffered ... | 2010 | 20810174 |
| salmonid tollip and myd88 factors can functionally replace their mammalian orthologues in tlr-mediated trout saa promoter activation. | many functional details of the piscine toll-like receptor (tlr) signal-mediated activation of immune defense are still elusive. we used an established reconstitution system of mammalian tlr signaling to examine if this system would allow for pathogen-dependent promoter activation of the serum amyloid a (saa)-encoding gene from rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) and if the key mediators myd88 and tollip from trout can functionally substitute for their mammalian orthologues. cells of the establis ... | 2011 | 20813127 |
| the chronic toxicity of molybdate to freshwater organisms. i. generating reliable effects data. | the european union regulation on registration, evaluation, authorization and restriction of chemical substances (reach) (ec, 2006) requires the characterization of the chronic toxicity of many chemicals in the aquatic environment, including molybdate (moo(4)(2-)). our literature review on the ecotoxicity of molybdate revealed that a limited amount of reliable chronic no observed effect concentrations (noecs) for the derivation of a predicted no-effect concentration (pnec) existed. this paper pre ... | 2010 | 20813395 |
| interactions of virulent and avirulent yersinia ruckeri strains with isolated gill arches and intestinal explants of rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss. | yersinia ruckeri is the causative agent of enteric redmouth disease leading to significant losses in salmonid aquaculture worldwide. little information is available on the pathogenesis of this disease. basic steps in the establishment of an infection include attachment to the epithelium followed by invasion at the portal of entry. in this study, the interactions of y. ruckeri with the gills and the gut of rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum, 1792) were studied using standardized perfusion ... | 2010 | 20815325 |
| lactococcus lactis subsp. tructae subsp. nov. isolated from the intestinal mucus of brown trout (salmo trutta) and rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | the species lactococcus lactis currently includes three subspecies isolated from milk sources (l. lactis subsp. lactis and l. lactis subsp. cremoris) and from the leafhopper hordnia circellata (l. lactis subsp. hordniae). in this study, we isolated three strains from the intestinal mucus of brown trout (salmo trutta) and rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) closely related to this species. the 16s rrna gene of the type strain l105t showed 99.4% similarity with respect to the type strains of the s ... | 2010 | 20833888 |
| apoptosis of gut-associated lymphoid tissue in rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss after incubation with candida albicans and bacterial lipopolysaccharide. | until now a few studies have been carried out on the gut lymphoid system in fish despite its protective role in the host. here, we have evaluated the effects of candida albicans (ca) and lipopolysaccaride (lps) on the pyloric and terminal segments of gut in the rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss. in particular, data show that both ca and lps are able to cause apoptosis of intestinal lymphoid cells as detected by the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dutp nick end-labeling (tunel) pro ... | 2011 | 20843276 |
| association of red-mark syndrome with a rickettsia-like organism and its connection with strawberry disease in the usa. | red-mark syndrome (rms), a disease seen mostly in rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, is of unknown aetiology. the research presented here indicates the presence of an intracellular bacterium in rms-affected fish. a positive reaction was observed using immunohistochemistry (ihc) with skin lesions, liver, kidney and spleen of affected fish sampled from several locations within the united kingdom using two different polyclonal antisera raised against piscirickettsia salmonis. the same reaction was ... | 2010 | 20854353 |
| rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) possess two hormone-sensitive lipase-encoding mrnas that are differentially expressed and independently regulated by nutritional state. | teleost fish store lipids among several tissues primarily as triacylglycerol (tg). upon metabolic demand, stored tgs are hydrolyzed by hormone-sensitive lipase (hsl). in this study, two distinct cdnas encoding hsl were isolated, cloned, and sequenced from adipose tissue of rainbow trout. the full-length cdnas, designated hsl1 and hsl2, were 2562-bp and 2887-bp in length, respectively, and share 82% nucleotide identity. phylogenetic analysis suggests that the two hsls derive from paralogous genes ... | 2011 | 20858550 |
| effect of dietary ulva and spirulina on weight loss and body composition of rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum), during a starvation period. | a study was conducted to determine the effect of dietary algal supplementation on weight loss and proximate composition in rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, during starvation. an algae-free control diet (c) and four experimental diets, including varying levels of raw ulva meal (5% = u5; 10% = u10) and spirulina meal (5% = s5; 10% = s10) were formulated. fish were fed to satiation for 12 weeks and then subjected to a 3-week starvation period. body weight, viscerosomatic index (vsi, %), hepatoso ... | 2010 | 20880289 |
| cloning of two rainbow trout nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 2 (nod2) splice variants and functional characterization of the nod2 effector domains. | nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 2 (nod2) is a cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor (prr), which is involved in innate antibacterial and antiviral responses. here, two nod2 splice variants, trnod2a and trnod2b, are reported in rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss, that share 63% and 61% similarity with human nod2, respectively. these two trout nod2 splice variants were shown to be constitutively expressed in thymus, gills, skin, muscle, liver, spleen, head kidney, intestine, heart, and ... | 2010 | 20888918 |
| first isolation of pseudocohnilembus persalinus (ciliophora: scuticociliatida) from freshwater-reared rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss. | ciliated protists were isolated from the ovarian fluid of apparently healthy adult rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) maintained in freshwater. the organism was identified as pseudocohnilembus persalinus based on morphometric and morphological analysis of silver-stained specimens obtained from culture and on analysis of ribosomal rna gene sequences. the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene sequence of this organism also was characterized. this ciliate has been reported previously as free living ... | 2010 | 20950111 |
| dietary administration of nucleotides to enhance growth, humoral immune responses, and disease resistance of the rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) fingerlings. | a feeding study was conducted to determine the effect of dietary nucleotides (nt) on growth performance, immune responses and resistance of rainbow trout fingerlings to streptococcus iniae. a basal diet supplemented with 0 (control), 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2 g nt kg(-1) to formulate five experimental diets. each diet was randomly allocated to triplicate groups of fish with initial average weight of approximately 23 g. after 8 weeks of feeding trial, fish fed diets with 1.5-2 g nt kg(-1) had the highest ... | 2010 | 20955799 |
| acute toxicity of carbamazepine to juvenile rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss): effects on antioxidant responses, hematological parameters and hepatic erod. | awareness of residual pharmaceutically active compounds (phacs) in the aquatic environment is growing as investigations into these pollutants are increasing and analytical detection techniques are improving. however, the toxicological effects of phacs have not been adequately researched. in this study, the toxic effects of carbamazepine (cbz), an anticonvulsant drug commonly present in surface and groundwater, was studied in juvenile rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, by acute semi-static bioas ... | 2010 | 20971511 |
| a major effect quantitative trait locus for whirling disease resistance identified in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | whirling disease, caused by the pathogen myxobolus cerebralis, leads to skeletal deformation, neurological impairment and under certain conditions, mortality of juvenile salmonid fishes. the disease has impacted the propagation and survival of many salmonid species over six continents, with particularly negative consequences for rainbow trout. to assess the genetic basis of whirling disease resistance in rainbow trout, genome-wide mapping was initiated using a large outbred f(2) rainbow trout fa ... | 2010 | 21048672 |
| [parasites of underyearling kamchatka mykiss parasalmo mykiss mykiss (osteichithyes:salmonidae) in the utkholok river (north-western kamchatka)]. | eight species of parasites, apiosoma piscicolum piscicolum, apatemon sp., diplostomum sp., bunoderidae gen. sp., crepidostomum metoecus, hysterothylacium gadi aduncum, salvelinema salmonicola, and cucullanus truttae had been found in underyearling kamchatka mykiss (with fork length 28-41 mm) from the utkholok river, north-western kamchatka. infestation rate of the fishes with each parasite species was rather low. presence of c. truttae in underyearling kamchatka mykiss could not be explained by ... | 2010 | 21061592 |
| determination of trace metals in canned anchovies and canned rainbow trouts. | trace metal (fe, zn, cu, cd, sn, hg and pb) concentrations of canned anchovies (engraulis encrasicolus linnaeus, 1758) and canned rainbow trouts (oncorhynchus mykiss walbaum, 1792), commercialized in turkey, were determined using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometer (icp-ms). the average contents of trace metals in canned anchovies and canned rainbow trouts were found as 50.708 and 6.980 mg/kg for iron, 22.467 and 11.605 mg/kg for zinc, 1.145 and 0.541 mg/kg for copper, 0.019 and 0.001 m ... | 2010 | 21074591 |
| computational estimation of rainbow trout estrogen receptor binding affinities for environmental estrogens. | environmental estrogens have been the subject of intense research due to their documented detrimental effects on the health of fish and wildlife and their potential to negatively impact humans. a complete understanding of how these compounds affect health is complicated because environmental estrogens are a structurally heterogeneous group of compounds. in this work, computational molecular dynamics simulations were utilized to predict the binding affinity of different compounds using rainbow tr ... | 2010 | 21075131 |
| the in vitro effect of bovine lactoferrin on the activity of organ leukocytes in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), european eel (anguilla anguilla) and wels catfish (silurus glanis). | lactoferrin (lf) is a glycoprotein found in milk, neutrophil granules, secretions and selected organs of mammals. lactoferrin exhibits antibacterial, antiviral, fungicidal, immunoregulatory and other functions. although fish are devoid of this protein and its cell receptors, lf effect on the immune mechanisms of fish has been demonstrated. the objective of this study was to investigate the effect of bovine lactoferrin, applied in vitro, on the activity of head kidney and spleen leukocytes in thr ... | 2010 | 21077435 |
| analysis of rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss epidermal mucus and evaluation of semiochemical activity for polar filament discharge in myxobolus cerebralis actinospores. | as myxozoan actinospores are stimulated by fish epidermal mucus to attach to their hosts via extrusion of filaments from specialized organelles, the polar capsules, mucus components were tested for discharge triggering activity on myxobolus cerebralis actinospores. using various methodological approaches, a selective exclusion of candidate substances based on experimental outcome is provided and the physiochemical traits of the putative agents are explored to create a basis for the isolation of ... | 2010 | 21078020 |
| subcellular components of probiotics kocuria sm1 and rhodococcus sm2 induce protective immunity in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss, walbaum) against vibrio anguillarum. | the efficacy of cellular components of probiotics kocuria sm1 and rhodococcus sm2 to protect rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss, walbaum) against vibriosis was assessed. groups of fish (average weight = 10-15 g) were immunized intraperitoneally (i.p.) with 0.1 ml of subcellular materials, i.e., 0.2 ± 0.05 mg protein per fish, comprising extracellular proteins (ecps), cell wall proteins (cwps) and whole cell proteins (wcps) of sm1 and sm2, respectively, or with 0.1 ml of phosphate-buffered saline ... | 2010 | 21078398 |
| assessing the impact of waterborne and dietborne cadmium toxicity on susceptibility risk for rainbow trout. | the purpose of this study was to use a risk-based integrated-scale toxicological model to examine the impact of waterborne and dietborne cadmium (cd) toxicity on rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) susceptibility appraised with recent published data. a probabilistic assessment model was performed to estimate cd susceptibility risk. the dose-response models were constructed based on two endpoints of % cd in metabolically active pool (map) and susceptibility time that causes 50% effect (st50). we ... | 2010 | 21094514 |
| experimental challenge of anisakis simplex sensu stricto and anisakis pegreffii (nematoda: anisakidae) in rainbow trout and olive flounder. | the third-stage larvae of anisakis simplex sensu lato (s.l.) are found in many marine fishes. to ensure food safety, it is important to determine whether these larvae are present in the body muscle of commercial fish species. however, there is little information regarding the tissue specificity of anisakis and two of its sibling species, a. simplex sensu stricto (s.s.) and anisakis pegreffii, that are common in marine fish in japanese waters. we orally challenged rainbow trout (oncorhynchus myki ... | 2010 | 21122822 |
| pasteurization of rainbow trout roe: listeria monocytogenes and sensory analyses. | d- and z-values for a mixture of four listeria monocytogenes strains originating from the roe of different fish species were determined in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) roe. the d60- and d63-values obtained were 1.60 and 0.44 min, respectively, and the z-value was 5.36 degrees c accordingly. in pilot-scale experiments, rainbow trout roe (100 g) was vacuum packaged into glass jars and pasteurized both at 62 and 65 degrees c for 10 min. these treatments were enough to destroy 10(8) cfu/ g of ... | 2005 | 21132972 |
| detection of salmonid alphavirus rna in wild marine fish: implications for the origins of salmon pancreas disease in aquaculture. | salmonid alphaviruses (savs), which include the aetiological agents of salmon pancreas disease (spd) in farmed atlantic salmon salmo salar l. and sleeping disease (sd) in rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum), are significant viral pathogens of european salmonid aquaculture. sav is horizontally transmitted and the virus can survive for extended periods in seawater. a lack of convincing evidence for vertical transmission coupled to the fact that the spd virus (spdv) occurs in historically i ... | 2010 | 21133318 |
| functional characterization of a nonmammalian il-21: rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss il-21 upregulates the expression of the th cell signature cytokines ifn-gamma, il-10, and il-22. | in mammals, il-21 is a common γ chain cytokine produced by activated cd4(+) t cells and nkt cells that acts on multiple lineages of cells. although il-21 has also been discovered in birds, amphibians, and fish, to date, no functional studies have been reported for any nonmammalian il-21 molecule. we have sequenced an il-21 gene (til-21) in rainbow trout, which has a six-exon/five-intron structure, is expressed in immune tissues, and is induced by bacterial and viral infection and the t cell stim ... | 2010 | 21160047 |
| estrogen-like activity of perfluoroalkyl acids in vivo and interaction with human and rainbow trout estrogen receptors in vitro. | the objectives of this study were to determine the structural characteristics of perfluoroalkyl acids (pfaas) that confer estrogen-like activity in vivo using juvenile rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) as an animal model and to determine whether these chemicals interact directly with the estrogen receptor (er) using in vitro and in silico species comparison approaches. perfluorooctanoic (pfoa), perfluorononanoic (pfna), perfluorodecanoic (pfda), and perfluoroundecanoic (pfunda) acids were all ... | 2010 | 21163906 |
| first isolation and genotyping of viruses from recent outbreaks of viral haemorrhagic septicaemia (vhs) in slovenia. | in november and december 2007, the virus causing viral haemorrhagic septicaemia (vhs) was detected in rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss from 2 fish farms in slovenia. during 2008 and 2009 the infection spread only among rainbow trout farms and 4 new outbreaks were confirmed. high mortality and clinical signs of vhs were observed among the diseased fish. vhsv was confirmed by virus isolation, immunoperoxidase test, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) and phylogenetic analysis ... | 2010 | 21166311 |
| inflammation and innate immune response against viral infections in marine fish. | viral infections in fish are common in both natural and cultured fish populations and the spread of infectious disease is a serious threat to both natural ecosystems and commercial exploitations. a significant body of studies have addressed the host response to viral infection including the efficacy of dna vaccines however we still have a fragmented vision of both pathologies associated with viral infection and the immune response to those across fish species. many studies have concentrated upon ... | 2010 | 21184664 |
| interaction of the attenuated recombinant rihnv-gvhsv gfp virus with macrophages from rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | one of the most important threats to the salmonid aquaculture industry is infection caused by novirhabdoviruses such as infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus (ihnv) or viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (vhsv). using reverse genetics, an avirulent recombinant rihnv-gvhsv gfp strain was generated, which was able to replicate as effectively as wild type ihnv in a fish cell line and in macrophages. although this recombinant virus induced protective responses against ihnv and vhsv, the response ... | 2010 | 21185087 |
| direct involvement of tumor necrosis factor-α in the regulation of glucose uptake in rainbow trout muscle cells. | the proinflammatory cytokine tnf-α is known to have a direct action on skeletal muscle in mammals. however, little is known regarding the potential effects of cytokines on nonimmune tissues, particularly in skeletal muscle, in fish. the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of recombinant trout tnf-α (rttnf-α) on skeletal muscle carbohydrate metabolism in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). we used a primary cell culture of muscle cells from rainbow trout to show that rttnf-α stimula ... | 2010 | 21191000 |
| risks associated with commodity trade: transmission of viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (vhsv) to rainbow trout fry from vhsv-carrying tissue-homogenates. | movements of commodity fish present a potential risk of transferring pathogens. within a study to estimate the risk from imported rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss carcases, fry were exposed to tissue homogenates from market size rainbow trout infected experimentally with viral haemorrhagic septicaemia (vhs) by waterborne exposure to vhs virus (vhsv, isolate of genotype ia). tissues were collected from fish that showed clinical signs and from recent mortalities. homogenates of (i) internal organ ... | 2011 | 21223535 |
| divergent responses to peptidoglycans derived from different e. coli serotypes influence inflammatory outcome in trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, macrophages. | pathogen-associated molecular patterns (pamps) are structural components of pathogens such as lipopolysaccharide (lps) and peptidoglycan (pgn) from bacterial cell walls. pamp-recognition by the host results in an induction of defence-related genes and often the generation of an inflammatory response. we evaluated both the transcriptomic and inflammatory response in trout (o. mykiss) macrophages in primary cell culture stimulated with dap-pgn (dap; meso-diaminopimelic acid, pgn; peptidoglycan) fr ... | 2011 | 21235753 |
| identification of the sex chromosomes of brown trout (salmo trutta) and their comparison with the corresponding chromosomes in atlantic salmon (salmo salar) and rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | males are the heterogametic sex in salmonid fishes. in brown trout (salmo trutta) the sex-determining locus, sex, has been mapped to the end of linkage group bt-28, which corresponds to linkage group as-8 and chromosome ssa15 in atlantic salmon (salmo salar). we set out to identify the sex chromosomes in brown trout. we isolated atlantic salmon bac clones containing microsatellite markers that are on bt-28 and also on as-8, and used these bacs as probes for fluorescent in situ hybridization (fis ... | 2011 | 21252487 |
| development of immunity in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss, walbaum) to aeromonas hydrophila after the dietary application of garlic. | the development and duration of immune protection against aeromonas hydrophila infections with garlic as an immunostimulant in rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss was studied. rainbow trout fingerlings of 14 g average weight were fed with 0 g (=control), 0.5 g and 1.0 g of garlic 100 g(-1) of feed for 14 days. physiological factors, biochemical, immunological, haematological parameters and electrolyte indices were evaluated after a further 14, 21 and 28 days before challenge with aeromonas hydroph ... | 2011 | 21255652 |