| expression analyses of caspase-1 and related activities in the midgut of galleria mellonella during metamorphosis. | the cdna encoding caspase-1, a main protease involved in apoptosis, was cloned and sequenced from the midgut of the greater wax moth, galleria mellonella. the open reading frame contains 879 nucleotides, encodes 293 amino acids, and was registered as gmcaspase-1. the sequence comparison showed a high homology to lepidopteran caspase-1, human caspase-3, and ced-3 of caenorhabditis elegans. gmcaspase-1 is predicted to contain a short prodomain, large subunit, and small subunit domain. it also exhi ... | 2012 | 22229544 |
| fusarium pathogenesis investigated using galleria mellonella as a heterologous host. | members of the fungal genus fusarium are capable of manifesting in a multitude of clinical infections, most commonly in immunocompromised patients. in order to better understand the interaction between the fungus and host, we have developed the larvae of the greater wax moth, galleria mellonella, as a heterologous host for fusaria. when conidia are injected into the haemocoel of this lepidopteran system, both clinical and environmental isolates of the fungus are able to kill the larvae at 37 °c, ... | 2011 | 22115447 |
| intramolecular cross-linking in the native jhbp molecule. | juvenile hormone binding protein (jhbp) acts as a shuttle, carrying one of the most crucial hormones for insect development to target tissues. we have found that although the jhbp molecule does not contain tryptophan residues, it exhibits a weak fluorescence maximum near 420nm upon excitation at 315nm. gel filtration experiments performed in denaturing conditions and esi-ms analyses excluded the possibility that some low molecular ligand was bound to the protein molecules. further uv and cd spec ... | 2012 | 22086120 |
| using c60 fullerenes for photodynamic inactivation of mosquito iridescent viruses. | this article describes the photodynamic inactivation of mosquito iridescent virus (miv) aedes flavescens in the presence of water-soluble c(60) fullerenes. it has been observed that the photodynamic inactivation of miv for about 1 h reduces the infectious titre of the virus in large wax-moth larvae galleria mellonella to 4.5 lg id(50)/ml. the influence of the c(60) concentration on its anti-viral activity was tested in the concentration range from 1 to 0.001 mg/ml. it has been found that c(60) i ... | 2012 | 21883040 |
| the effect of habrobracon hebetor venom on the activity of the prophenoloxidase system, the generation of reactive oxygen species and encapsulation in the haemolymph of galleria mellonella larvae. | the cellular and humoral immune reactions in haemolymph of the wax moth galleria mellonella larvae naturally injected by venom of ectoparasitic wasp habrobracon hebetor were analyzed. a strong decline of phenoloxidase (po) activity in the haemolymph and the number of haemocytes with po activity of envenomated wax moth was observed. in addition, it has been shown that the rate of capsule melanization in the envenomated larvae was half that of the control. also production of reactive oxygen specie ... | 2011 | 21419772 |
| host-finding behaviour in the nematode pristionchus pacificus. | costs and benefits of foraging have been studied in predatory animals. in nematodes, ambushing or cruising behaviours represent adaptations that optimize foraging strategies for survival and host finding. a behaviour associated with host finding of ambushing nematode dauer juveniles is a sit-and-wait behaviour, otherwise known as nictation. here, we test the function of nictation by relating occurrence of nictation in pristionchus pacificus dauer juveniles to the ability to attach to laboratory ... | 2011 | 21411455 |
| identification of specific interaction of juvenile hormone binding protein with isocitrate dehydrogenase. | juvenile hormone (jh) is essential for multiple physiological processes: it controls larval development, metamorphosis and adult reproduction. in insect hemolymph more than 99 % of jh is bound to juvenile hormone binding protein (jhbp), which protects jh from degradation by nonspecific hydrolases and serves as a carrier to supply the hormone to the target tissues. in galleria mellonella hemolymph, jhbp is found in a complex with lipid-binding high molecular weight proteins (hmwp) and this intera ... | 2011 | 21403916 |
| european earwig (forficula auricularia) as a novel host for the entomopathogenic nematode steinernema carpocapsae. | the natural history of many entomopathogenic nematode species remains unknown, despite their wide commercial availability as biological control agents. the ambushing entomopathogenic nematode, steinernema carpocapsae, and the introduced european earwig, forficula auricularia, forage on the soil surface. since they likely encounter one another in nature, we hypothesized that earwigs are susceptible to nematode infection. in the laboratory, the lc(50) for f. auricularia was 226 s. carpocapsae/earw ... | 2011 | 21356215 |
| juvenile hormone binding protein core promoter is tata-driven with a suppressory element. | the hemolymph juvenile hormone binding protein (jhbp) plays a key role in transporting juvenile hormone (jh) to target tissues and in protecting jh from the degradation by nonspecific esterases. juvenile hormone esterase (jhe) removes jh signal at precisely defined insect developmental stages. the functional analysis of regulatory elements in the core promoter has been described only for the jhe gene. in this report we define the core promoter functional elements in the galleria mellonella jhbp ... | 2016 | 21342666 |
| the influence of chronic eicosanoid biosynthesis inhibition on life history of the greater waxmoth, galleria mellonella and its ectoparasitoid, bracon hebetor. | eicosanoids are oxygenated metabolites of three c20 polyunsaturated fatty acids, mainly arachidonic acid (aa; 20:4n-6), but also 20:3n-6 and 20:5n-3. aside from their importance in biomedicine, eicosanoids act in invertebrate biology. prostaglandins (pgs) influence salt and water transport physiology in insect rectal epithelia and in malpighian tubules. pgs also influence a few insect behaviors, including releasing oviposition behavior and behavioral fever. eicosanoids act in ovarian development ... | 2011 | 21303676 |
| effects of host species, stage and size on the sex ratio and clutch size of the parasitoid, dibrachys boarmiae (walker, 1863) (hymenoptera: pteromalidae). | effects of host species, stage and size on clutch size and sex ratio of the gregarious, idiobiont ectoparasitoid dibrachys boarmiae were investigated at 25±2°c and 70±5% relative humidity. the greater wax moth, galleria mellonella, small wax moth, achroia grisella, and early stage solitary larvae of the endoparasitoid, apanteles galleriae, were used as hosts. clutch size was greatest from prepupae of the largest host, galleria mellonella, with a mean of 40.07 offspring per host versus 14.73 and ... | 2011 | 21208507 |
| dietary choices by four captive slender lorises (loris tardigradus) when presented with various insect life stages. | the slender loris (loris tardigradus) is a rare, nocturnal prosimian found only in the tropical rainforest of southern india and sri lanka. little is known about their diet, though it is assumed that insects comprise a majority of their wild diet. based on this assumption, captive lorises are offered a variety of insects or insect life stages; the species of insect or the life stage is often determined by what is easiest to buy or rear. captive lorises at the duke lemur center (dlc) were offered ... | 2015 | 20872876 |
| the effect of tween 80 on eggshell permeabilization in galleria mellonella (l.) (lepidoptera, pyralidae). | the development of a species-specific protocol for dechorionation and permeabilization of insect eggs is a necessary prerequisite to cryopreserve the embryos. here we tested different procedures based on heptane or the surfactant tween 80 as an alternative to alkane, evaluating their efficacy and toxicity on the early (24 h post-oviposition) and late (75 h post-oviposition) stage embryos. heptane efficiently permeabilized the eggs of g. mellonella but the hatching rate ranged from 0.1 to 4.2 per ... | 2015 | 20818457 |
| [comparison of the results of research of hemolymph immunized and nonimmunized of larvae of galleria mellonella]. | this work deals with the antibacterial activity of larvae of galleria mellonella. protein fractions with antibacterial activity have been purified from hemolymph by ion-exchange chromatography and gel-electrophoresis. the mass-spectrometric analysis of fractions showed the presence of a peptide of 5627 da. probably, this peptide determines the antibacterial activity of hemolymph. | 2014 | 20469719 |
| effect of gamma-irradiation on the biology and ultrastructure of haemocytes of greater wax moth, galleria mellonella (l.) (lepidoptera: galleridae). | this study was carried out on fully grown pupae of greater wax moth, galleria mellonella l., gamma-irradiated to 100, 150, 300 and 400gy. the four doses given to male parents in the f(1) generation decreased the average number of eggs per mated female, the percentage of egg hatching and the percentage of mating in both the male and female lines; the effects increased with the dose. dose dependence of the reduction in the fecundity and the percentage of egg hatching among the female line pairings ... | 2010 | 20363640 |
| [generation of reactive oxygen species and activity of antioxidants in larva hemolymph of galleria mellonella (l.) (lepidoptera: piralidae) at development of process of encapsulation]. | activities of enzymatic antioxidants (superoxide dismutase, glutathione-s-transferase, and catalase) have been determined in hemocytes and generation of reactive oxygen species (ros) has been studied in lymph of larvae of the wax moth galleria mellonella at development of the process of encapsulation of nylon implants. it has been established that as soon as 15 min after piercing of cuticle with implant the capsule is formed on its surface. the active melanization of the capsule has been shown t ... | 2010 | 20297667 |
| a peptidomics study reveals the impressive antimicrobial peptide arsenal of the wax moth galleria mellonella. | the complete antimicrobial peptide repertoire of galleria mellonella was investigated for the first time by lc/ms. combining data from separate trypsin, glu-c and asp-n digests of immune hemolymph allowed detection of 18 known or putative g. mellonella antimicrobial peptides or proteins, namely lysozyme, moricin-like peptides (5), cecropins (2), gloverin, gm proline-rich peptide 1, gm proline-rich peptide 2, gm anionic peptide 1 (p1-like), gm anionic peptide 2, galiomicin, gallerimycin, inducibl ... | 2009 | 19786100 |
| host resistance reverses the outcome of competition between microparasites. | predators and parasites can control the abundance or biomass of herbivores with indirect effects on producer communities and ecosystems, but the interplay of multiple natural enemies may yield unexpected dynamics. we experimentally examined interactions between two microparasites (entomopathogenic nematodes) isolated from sandy grassland soils of coastal california: heterorhabditis marelatus (heterorhabditidae) and steinernema feltiae (steinernematidae). heterorhabditis marelatus drives trophic ... | 2009 | 19694121 |
| identification of collagen iv derived danger/alarm signals in insect immunity by nanolc-fticr ms. | the immune system can be stimulated by microbial molecules as well as by endogenously derived danger/alarm signals of host origin. using the lepidopteran model insect galleria mellonella, we recently discovered that fragments of collagen iv, resulting from hydrolysis by microbial metalloproteinases, represent danger/alarm signals in insects. here, we characterized immune-stimulatory peptides generated by thermolysin-mediated degradation of collagen iv using nanospray ionization fourier transform ... | 2009 | 19663685 |
| evidence of oxidative and antioxidative responses by galleria mellonella larvae to malathion. | antioxidant defense components protect insects by scavenging reactive oxygen species, leading to oxidative stress. i therefore investigated the effects of an organophosphorous insecticide, malathion, on superoxide dismutase (sod) and acetylcholinesterase (ache) activities as well as glutathione (gsh) and malondialdehyde (mda) content as oxidative stress biomarkers in whole body of greater wax moth, galleria mellonella (l.), larvae. subcellular fractionation also was assayed for sod and ache enzy ... | 2009 | 19253631 |
| effect of the change in energy reserves on the entomopathogenic nematode efficacy. | the free-living infective juveniles of the entomopathogenic nematodes are non-feeding, so the stored energy reserves in these juveniles are of great importance. the relationship between the energy reserves and the efficacy of the entomopathogenic nematodes of genera heterorhabditis and steinernema was studied. new progenies of s. riobrave and h. bacteriophora (isk-2 strains), were obtained using the continuous culturing method of nematode juveniles (ijs), for the several cycles under the optimum ... | 2008 | 19209775 |
| larval morphology and anatomy of the parasitoid exorista larvarum (diptera: tachinidae), with an emphasis on cephalopharyngeal skeleton and digestive tract. | the endogenous development of the tachinid gregarious larval parasitoid exorista larvarum l. (diptera: tachinidae) has been analyzed in the last larval instar of a factitious host, the wax moth galleria mellonella l. (lepidoptera: pyralidae), with the use of histological techniques and scanning electron microscopy. this study has focused on the parasitoid internal body structures and their changes during the larval development. the first and second instars are enveloped by a host-derived hemocyt ... | 2009 | 18942884 |
| boric acid-induced effects on protein profiles of galleria mellonella hemolymph and fat body. | the dietary effects of boric acid (ba) on the protein profiles of greater wax moth, galleria mellonella (l.), were investigated in hemolymph and fat body of final instar (viith) and pupae. the insects were reared from first-instar larvae on an artificial diets containing 156, 620, 1250 or 2500 ppm of ba. we detected many undetermined protein fractions (6.5-260 kda) in addition to well-defined protein fractions such as lipophorins and storage proteins in the tissues by using sodium dodecyl-sulpha ... | 2008 | 18839695 |
| steinernema carpocapsae dd136: metabolites limit the non-self adhesion responses of haemocytes of two lepidopteran larvae, galleria mellonella (f. pyralidae) and malacosoma disstria (f. lasiocampidae). | live adult and juvenile entomopathogenic steinernema carpocapsae dd136 (p. nematoda) were not subjected to adhesion by haemocytes of lepidopteran insect larvae of galleria mellonella or malacosoma disstriain vitro or in vivo. in vitro freeze-killed nematodes exhibited haemocyte attachment, the intensity increasing with time. accumulation of haemocytes on the dead nematodes was associated with host phenoloxidase activity; live nematodes and their exudates did not activate the enzyme whereas dead ... | 2008 | 18656470 |
| biological and immune response of galleria mellonella (lepidoptera: pyralidae) to sodium tetraborate. | inorganic insecticides are commonly used in urban pest management because of their low mammalian toxicity. we tested the effects of sodium tetraborate (st) on life parameters of greater wax moth, galleria mellonella (l.) (lepidoptera: pyralidae), to determine its sublethal toxicity on the insect. survival, development, adult longevity, and fecundity of the wax moth were investigated by rearing larvae on artificial diets containing st at concentrations of 0.005, 0.1, 0.2, or 0.3%. larvae reared o ... | 2008 | 18613578 |
| solid-phase microextraction/gas-chromatographic/mass spectrometric analysis of p-dichlorobenzene and naphthalene in honey. | protection of honeycombs from the wax moth, galleria mellonella, involves the use of physical, biological or chemical control methods. as chemical control may result in residues in the extracted honey, the presence of p-dichlorobenzene and naphthalene residues was investigated by solid-phase microextraction (spme) coupled to gas-chromatographic/mass spectrometry (gc/ms). the method was linear between 5 and 200 microg kg(-1) honey for p-dichlorobenzene and 1 and 200 microg kg(-1) for naphthalene. ... | 2008 | 18608488 |
| purification and characterization of hemolymph prophenoloxidase from ostrinia furnacalis (lepidoptera: pyralidae) larvae. | prophenoloxidase (ppo) was isolated from the hemolymph of ostrinia furnacalis larvae and purified to homogeneity. a 369.85-fold purification and 35.34% recovery of activity were achieved by employing ammonium sulfate precipitation, blue sepharose cl-6b chromatography and phenyl sepharose cl-4b chromatography. the purified enzyme exhibits a band with a molecular mass of 158 kda on native page and two spots with a molecular mass of 80 kda and a pi of 5.70, and a molecular mass of 78 kda and a pi o ... | 2008 | 18577463 |
| identification, characterization of functional candidate genes for host-parasite interactions in entomopathogenetic nematode steinernema carpocapsae by suppressive subtractive hybridization. | identifying parasitism genes encoding proteins secreted from nematodes is the key to understanding the molecular basis of nematode parasitism to insects. in this paper, a cdna with two introns and three exons encoding a cysteine protease inhibitor was identified by screening a cdna subtractive library constructed from the nematode, steinernema carpocapsae, induced by galleria mellonella hemolymph. the full-length cdna contains an open reading frame encoding a 139-amino acid protein, designated s ... | 2008 | 18543000 |
| regulatory elements in the juvenile hormone binding protein gene from galleria mellonella--topography of binding sites for usp and ecrdbd. | the juvenile hormone binding protein (jhbp) plays a key role in the protection and transport of the hormone to target tissues. in this report the sequence of the jhbp promoter comprising about 2000 bp is characterized. using a minimized false positive algorithm, six putative regulatory elements, hunchback, heat shock factor binding element, ultrabithorax, broad-complex z3, elf-1 and chorion factor 1/ultraspiracle (cf1/usp) were found in the distal promoter of the jhbp gene. proteins from nuclear ... | 2016 | 18515113 |
| characterization of spanish strains of verticillium lecanii. | we have characterized biologically and physiologically eight verticillium lecanii strains from several origins including insect pests. of all the temperatures tested, 25 degrees c was the best for growth and at 40 degrees c none of the strains could grow. at 4 and 7 degrees c, growth was reduced in comparison to warmer temperatures. the strains had better development at ph close to 7 (f = 27.64, p < 0,01) than at ph 3. self-inhibition of germination of strain 50 was found when more than 0.78 con ... | 1999 | 18473560 |
| cuticular surface lipids are responsible for disguise properties of an entomoparasite against host cellular responses. | entomopathogenic nematodes are widely used as alternatives to chemicals for the biological control of insects. these endoparasites are symbiotically associated with bacteria that are lethal for the host; however, parasites need to overcome the host immune defences to complete a successful life cycle. the processes parasites employ to escape or depress host immunity are targeted at deceiving non-self recognition as well as inactivating defence reactions. the purpose of this paper is to investigat ... | 2008 | 18374979 |
| [thermal requirements of galleria mellonella l. (lepidoptera: pyralidae) immature stages]. | the rearing of galleria mellonella l. in laboratory is important for multiplication of entomopathogenic nematodes, mandatory for biological control studies. the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of three thermal profiles on development stages of this insect, allowing synchronization of cycle production. two distinct rearing phases were done: firstly, using nucleous of incubation for development of eggs and, secondly, using circular-aluminum manifolds for development of larvae an ... | 2007 | 18060289 |
| chill sensitivity and cryopreservation of eggs of the greater wax moth galleria mellonella (lepidoptera: pyralidae). | there is an increasing need for methods of cryopreservation of arthropods. in particular, lepidoptera are extremely important in entomological applications for the protection of agricultural crops and forest ecosystems and also in many aspects of biodiversity conservation. yet, few studies have dealt with cryopreservation techniques in species of this insect order. the aim of this study was to examine the chill sensitivity of eggs of the greater wax moth galleria mellonella (l.) and the possibil ... | 2008 | 17950266 |
| changes in juvenile hormone hydrolysis rate and dopamine level in the hemolymph of galleria mellonella l. (lepidoptera, pyralidae) during mycosis. | | 2016 | 17515045 |
| activity of superoxide dismutase in galleria mellonella larvae infected with entomopathogenic nematodes steinernema affinis and s. feltiae. | the influence of infection with two species of entomopathogenic nematodes of steinernematidae family on the activity of superoxide dismutase (sod) of the host was studied. | 2006 | 17432619 |
| in vitro rearing of the parasitoid exorista larvarum (diptera: tachinidae) from eggs laid out of host. | we evaluated the possibility of using the eggs laid out of host to rear exorista larvarum (l.) (diptera: tachinidae), a larval parasitoid of lepidoptera, on artificial media. in a first experiment, eggs oviposited on a plastic sheet (either by inexperienced or experienced females) showed the same in vitro hatching capability as those removed from the larvae of the factitious host galleria mellonella l. subsequently, eggs laid on the host integument or out of host, either by inexperienced or expe ... | 2007 | 17370805 |
| characterization of allergens from the fish bait galleria mellonella. | | 2007 | 17337298 |
| immunocompetence of galleria mellonella: sex- and stage-specific differences and the physiological cost of mounting an immune response during metamorphosis. | the antibacterial immune response of the wax moth, galleria mellonella, was analysed by use of an inhibition zone plate assay. we demonstrated significant stage-specific differences as the immune response was most effective in the pupal, next the larval and then the adult stage. in addition, we demonstrated that an immune challenge at the onset of, or during metamorphosis does not increase nor decrease the strength of the antibacterial immune response in the subsequent developmental stage(s). th ... | 2007 | 17198709 |
| attraction behaviour of three entomopathogenic nematode species towards infected and uninfected hosts. | entomopathogenic nematode infective juveniles are likely to encounter both uninfected and infected insects and host quality depends on the stage of the infection. we hypothesized that nematode response to infected hosts will change over the course of an infection. here, we tested this hypothesis by focusing on the influence of host infection status on long-range attraction to host volatile cues. the attraction response of 3 nematode species (steinernema carpocapsae, s. glaseri and s. riobrave) w ... | 2007 | 17176490 |
| content of glycogen and trehalose and activity of alpha-amylase and trehalase in galleria mellonella larvae infected with entomopathogenic nematodes steinernema affinis and s. feltiae. | the influence of infection with two species of entomopathogenic nematodes of steinernematidae family on metabolism of glycogen and trehalose of the host was studied. | 2006 | 17120991 |
| dynamics of carbon dioxide release from insects infected with entomopathogenic nematodes. | the quality of an insect as a host to an entomopathogenic nematode infective juvenile depends in part on whether or not the insect is already infected and on the stage of that infection. previous research has shown that nematode response to hosts can change after infection and that, for uninfected hosts, co(2) can be an important cue used by infective stage juveniles during attraction. we hypothesized that co(2) production from an insect changes after it is infected, and that these changes could ... | 2007 | 17054978 |
| soil mediates the interaction of coexisting entomopathogenic nematodes with an insect host. | we tested for soil substrate effects on the movement and infectivity of naturally co-occurring entomopathogenic nematodes steinernema feltiae and heterorhabditis marelatus, alone and in combination. we manipulated the presence and bulk density of soil and added galleria mellonella baits within capped and perforated 15ml centrifuge tubes. sampling tubes were then deployed in situ into field and laboratory settings as experimental traps for infective juveniles. in comparisons with standard soil co ... | 2007 | 17005194 |
| malathion-induced oxidative stress in a parasitoid wasp: effect on adult emergence, longevity, fecundity, and oxidative and antioxidative response of pimpla turionellae (hymenoptera: ichneumonidae). | effects of an organophosphorus insecticide, malathion, on survivorship and lipid peroxidation of the greater wax moth, galleria mellonella (l.), pupae were investigated by rearing the newly hatched larvae on an artificial diet containing 0.01, 0.1, 1, 10, and 100 ppm of the insecticide. as bioindicators of long-term physiological stress responses, the adult emergence rate, longevity, and fecundity associated with lipid peroxidation level and antioxidant enzyme activity in the endoparasitoid pimp ... | 2006 | 16937676 |
| apolipophorin iii: lipopolysaccharide binding requires helix bundle opening. | apolipophorin iii (apolp-iii) is a prototypical apolipoprotein used for structure-function studies. besides its crucial role in lipid transport, apolp-iii is able to associate with fungal and bacterial membranes and stimulate cellular immune responses. we recently demonstrated binding interaction of apolp-iii of the greater wax moth, galleria mellonella, with lipopolysaccharides (lps). in the present study, the requirement of helix bundle opening for lps binding interaction was investigated. usi ... | 2006 | 16919602 |
| [the concentration of trehalose and acitvity of trehalase from galleria mellonella larvae infected by steinernema affinis, bovien 1937 (nematoda: rhabditida: steinernematidae)]. | the experimental studies were conducted on caterpillars of wax moth galleria mellonella infected with steinernema affinis larvae. the concentration of trehalose and the activity of trehalase were measured during the invasion lasting 48h. the level of trehalose and activity of enzyme were slightly lower in infected insects in comparison to the control animals. | 2001 | 16894739 |
| content of saccharides and activity of alpha-glycosidases in galleria mellonella larvae infected with entomopathogenic nematodes heterorhabditis zealandica. | concentration of glycogen, maltose, and trehalose as well as the activity of hydrolases catabolising them: alpha-amylases, glucoamylase, maltase, and trehalase were studied during a 48 h infection of galleria mellonella (lepidoptera) instar larvae infected with infective heterorhabditis zealandica (20 nematodes/insect). the content of trehalose in the infected insects during the first day of infection was higher (p < 0.05) than in the controls. the concentration of maltose and glycogen were simi ... | 2004 | 16865959 |
| tyrosine fluorescence analysis of apolipophorin iii-lipopolysaccharide interaction. | apolipophorin iii (apolp-iii) is an exchangeable apolipoprotein that binds to lipopolysaccharides (lps). polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis demonstrated that apolp-iii from galleria mellonella associated with various truncated lps variants, including lipid a. subsequent binding studies were performed employing the intrinsic tyrosine fluorescence properties of apolp-iii, which is highly quenched in the unbound state. a marked increase in tyrosine fluorescence intensity was observed upon ... | 2006 | 16824478 |
| emergence and dispersal patterns of two isolates of the entomopathogenic nematode steinernema feltiae. | few studies have addressed the role of the sexes in the emergence and dispersal of entomopathogenic nematodes from host insects. individuals of two isolates of steinernema feltiae, uk76 and sbil, emerging from galleria mellonella cadavers were classed as non-dispersed (remaining on the cadaver for up to nine days) and dispersed (actively moving away from the cadaver). sex ratios within both classes were examined in infective (individuals that successfully invaded bait g. mellonella) and entire ( ... | 2006 | 19259450 |
| studies on the role of protein kinase a in humoral immune response of galleria mellonella larvae. | protein kinase a (pka) activity was detected in the fat body of galleria mellonella larvae by a non-radioactive method using a specific peptide substrate-kemptide. the enzyme activity was stimulated by camp and its analogues: bzcmp, 8-chl-camp and 8-br-camp in concentrations of 1-4mum. cyclic gmp was not effective in pka activation. a two-fold increase in pka activity was detected in the fat body of g. mellonella lps-challenged larvae. selective, membrane-permeable pka inhibitors, h89 and rp-8-b ... | 2006 | 16730743 |
| metamorphosis and collagen-iv-fragments stimulate innate immune response in the greater wax moth, galleria mellonella. | a novel link between development and immunity in insects is introduced. transiently enhanced expression of lysozyme, gallerimycin and the insect metalloproteinase inhibitor was discovered at the onset of metamorphosis of the greater wax moth, galleria mellonella. relative quantification of mrnas encoding for these antimicrobial peptides using real-time pcr documents their induced expression during transformation of last instar larvae into prepupae and upon injection of either recombinant interst ... | 2006 | 16682078 |
| a new cell line from the wax moth galleria mellonella linne (lepidoptera: pyralididae). | a cell line derived from the larval-fat body tissues of the wax moth, galleria mellonella linne, was established in mgm-450 medium. the cells grew in suspension and were mainly spherical in shape. population doubling time was between 1.4 and 1.7 d over a range of 15 to 35 degrees c, and the maximum growth rate was at 25 degrees c. the chromosome number ranged from 70-239, with a mode of 170. the cells were sensitive to 20-hydroxyecdysone, which stimulated their growth and induced morphological c ... | 2006 | 16618204 |
| [an effect of the microsporidian vairimorpha ephestiae (microsporidia: burenellidae) on activity and spectrum of nonspecific esterases in different tissues of the greater wax moth galleria mellonella (lepidoptera: pyralidae) larvae]. | the effect of the microsporidian vairimorpha ephestiae matted (microsporidia: burenellidae) on nonspecific esterases was studied in hemolymph, fat body and midgut of the larvae of galleria mellonella l. (lepidoptera: pyralidae). esterase patterns were analyzed by the polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, the total esterase activity was detected spectrophotometrically. the increase of total esterase activity was registered in hemolymph of inflected larvae. an overexpression of esterase isozyme in h ... | 2007 | 16579033 |
| morphological and ecological characterization of steinernema feltiae (rhabditida: steinernematidae) rioja strain isolated from bibio hortulanus (diptera: bibionidae) in spain. | a new strain of steinernema feltiae (rhabditida: steinernematidae) was isolated in la rioja (spain) from larvae of bibio hortulanus (diptera: bibionidae). a comparative morphometric analysis of this new strain and four additional s. feltiae isolates was performed. although significant differences in morphometric measurements were observed, pcr-rflp profiles and sequence analysis of the its region of rdna confirmed the identity of the new strain as a2 rflp type of s. feltiae. a comparative morpho ... | 2006 | 19259432 |
| recognition and inactivation of lps by lipophorin particles. | lipophorin is the major lipid carrier in insects, but various observations indicate that lipophorin is also involved in immune reactions. to examine a possible role of lipophorin in defence reactions, we mixed hemolymph plasma from galleria mellonella with lps and noticed that lipophorin forms detergent-insoluble aggregates, while most other plasma proteins are not affected. lipophorin particles isolated by low-density gradient centrifugation retained lps-induced aggregation properties, which su ... | 2006 | 16386790 |
| germ cell death in the testis and its relation to spermatogenesis in the wax moth, galleria mellonella (lepidoptera: pyralidae), effects of facultative diapause. | the dichotomous spermatogenesis of many lepidopterans results in the production of two types of sperm: eupyrene sperm possessing a cell nucleus which participates in fertilisation, and apyrene ones, which lose their nuclei during development and whose function remains a mystery. the goal of our study was to analyse spermatogenesis at the end of the larval development of the wax moth, galleria mellonella, at an optimal temperature of 30 degrees c as well as to describe how they are affected by di ... | 2005 | 16217803 |
| formation of a parasitophorous vacuole in a nonadequate experimental host: electron microscopical and x-ray microanalytical study. | an unusual mechanism of formation of a parasitophorous vacuole as a result of interaction between an invasive stage of a parasite (merozoites of a protozoon, mattesia dispora) and defense response of an insect host, galleria mellonella is reported. the entire ontogenesis of parasitophorous vacuole can be divided into five morphologically clearly discernible stages. they differed, e.g., in the contents and distribution of elements at subcellular level, as determined by direct in situ elemental an ... | 2005 | 15954527 |
| biochemical stress indicators of greater wax moth exposure to organophosphorus insecticides. | although acetylcholinesterase (ache) is the primary target of organophosphorus insecticides (ops), increasing evidence regarding their secondary effects suggests that ops disturb homeostasis of insects by generating free radical intermediates that trigger lipid peroxidation. we therefore investigated alterations in lipid peroxidation product, malondialdehyde (mda) content, and alanine aminotransferase (alt) and aspartate aminotransferase (ast) activities, in conjunction with ache activity as bio ... | 2005 | 15889724 |
| the structure of the juvenile hormone binding protein gene from galleria mellonella. | juvenile hormone (jh) and ecdysone are the key hormones controlling insect growth and development. the juvenile hormone binding protein (jhbp) is the first member in the array of proteins participating in jh signal transmission. in the present report a whole jhbp gene sequence (9790 bp) is described. the jhbp gene contains four introns (a-d). all the introns have common flanking sequences: gt at the 5' and ag at the 3' end. the first intron is in phase 1, the second in phase 2, and the third and ... | 2005 | 15843141 |
| impacts of fluctuating temperature on the development and infectivity of entomopathogenic nematode steinernema carpocapsae a10. | three different laboratory conditions were used to examine the impacts of fluctuating temperature on the development and infectivity of entomopathogenic nematode (epn) steinernema carpocaposae a10. set i experiments focused on the impact of cold stress early in the development cycle. in these studies galleria mellonella hosts were infected and incubated for 2 days at the control temperature of 23 degrees c and then subjected to lower temperatures of -10, 4, 10 or 14 degrees c, respectively, from ... | 2005 | 15766931 |
| mass spectrometric analysis of head ganglia and neuroendocrine tissue of larval galleria mellonella (arthropoda, insecta). | a brain-retrocerebral complex-subesophageal ganglion acidified methanolic extract of 100 larval galleria mellonella (greater wax moth) was prepared for the isolation and identification of (neuro)peptides. to reduce sample complexity, the isolated peptides were roughly separated using a single, conventional chromatographic separation step. subsequently, screening of these fractions with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry in combination with nanoflow elect ... | 2005 | 15706623 |
| the role of steinernema feltiae body-surface lipids in host-parasite immunological interactions. | interactions between entomopathogenic nematodes (steinernema feltiae) and insect host (galleria mellonella) immune system were investigated. we focused on the immunosuppressive properties of the parasite cuticle and on its interaction with hemolymph humoral components. effects of parasite cuticle against host propo system enzymatic cascade were evaluated a short time after infection. the presence of parasite cuticles decreased both normal and lps-elicited propo system activity, suggesting that s ... | 2004 | 15287592 |
| [change of the antioxidant status and free radicals production in hemolymph of galleria mellonella larvae in microsporidiosis]. | | 2012 | 15279156 |
| jnk map kinase is involved in the humoral immune response of the greater wax moth larvae galleria mellonella. | we investigated the participation of map kinases in the response of galleria mellonella larvae to immune challenge. jnk map kinase was activated in fat body 10-15 min after lps injection in vivo. the level of jnk activation was time- and lps dosage-dependent. jnk map kinase isolated from cell-free extract of fat bodies dissected from immune stimulated larvae phosphorylated c-jun protein in vitro. the activity of gm jnk kinase was abolished in the presence of the jnk specific inhibitor sp600125. ... | 2004 | 15274175 |
| [microsporidiosis in the wax moth galleria mellonella (lepidoptera: pyralidae) caused by vairimorpha ephestiae (microsporidia: burenellidae)]. | an experimental microsporidiosis of the wax moth caterpillars from laboratory population had been caused by oral infecting of early stages larvae and by intracavity injections of the spores of the microsporidian species vairimorpha ephestiae. peculiarities of microsporidiosis proceeding, manifestations of host defence reactions, and also an effect of the temperature of caterpillars cultivation and conditions of spores keeping on liability of the insects to the infection were studied. the effect ... | 2007 | 15272821 |
| cloning and expression of an inhibitor of microbial metalloproteinases from insects contributing to innate immunity. | the first impi (inhibitor of metalloproteinases from insects) was identified in the greater wax moth, galleria mellonella [wedde, weise, kopacek, franke and vilcinskas (1998) eur. j. biochem. 255, 535-543]. here we report cloning and expression of a cdna coding for this impi. the impi mrna was identified among the induced transcripts from a subtractive and suppressive pcr analysis after bacterial challenge of g. mellonella larvae. induced expression of the impi during a humoral immune response w ... | 2004 | 15115439 |
| effects of host desiccation on development, survival, and infectivity of entomopathogenic nematode steinernema carpocapsae. | this study investigates the effect of host desiccation on entomopathogenic nematode (epn) development, emergence, infectivity, and cross-protection against secondary environmental stress. galleria mellonella hosts infected with the epn steinernema carpocapsae a10 were allowed to dehydrate in an environmental chamber for up to 56 days at 23 degrees c achieving a weight loss of approximately 86% by day 44 post-infection. host carcasses were rehydrated on water-saturated filter paper in white traps ... | 2004 | 15109900 |
| exploiting the potential of insects for in vivo pathogenicity testing of microbial pathogens. | conventional assays for quantifying the virulence of microbial pathogens and mutants have traditionally relied upon the use of a range of mammalian species. a number of workers have demonstrated that insects can be used for evaluating microbial pathogenicity and provide results comparable to those that can be obtained with mammals since one component of the vertebrate immune system, the innate immune response, remains similar to that found in insects. larvae of the greater wax moth galleria mell ... | 2004 | 14975532 |
| a novel role for an insect apolipoprotein (apolipophorin iii) in beta-1,3-glucan pattern recognition and cellular encapsulation reactions. | lipoproteins and molecules for pattern recognition are centrally important in the innate immune response of both vertebrates and invertebrates. mammalian apolipoproteins such as apolipoprotein e (apoe) are involved in lps detoxification, phagocytosis, and possibly pattern recognition. the multifunctional insect protein, apolipophorin iii (apolp-iii), is homologous to apoe. in this study we describe novel roles for apolp-iii in pattern recognition and multicellular encapsulation reactions in the ... | 2004 | 14764684 |
| unfolding and refolding of juvenile hormone binding protein. | juvenile hormone (jh) regulates insect development. jh present in the hemolymph is bound to a specific glycoprotein, juvenile hormone binding protein (jhbp), which serves as a carrier to deploy the hormone to target tissues. in this report structural changes of jhbp from galleria mellonella induced by guanidine hydrochloride have been investigated by a combination of size-exclusion chromatography, protein activity measurements, and spectroscopic methods. molecules of jhbp change their conformati ... | 2004 | 14747348 |
| exudate from sporulating cultures of hirsutella thompsonii inhibit oviposition by the two-spotted spider mite tetranychus urticae. | the acaricidal mycopathogen hirsutella thompsonii has been found to secrete metabolites that are active against female tetranychus urticae. specifically, the rose-colored exudate produced on sporulating cultures of mexican htm120i strain sterilized female spider mites in a dose-dependent fashion. topical application of the exudate resulted in a 100% reduction in mite fecundity over the initial six days of experimentation. depending upon the exudate dosage, mites partially recovered within 3 and ... | 2003 | 14635809 |
| cloning and expression of male-specific protein (msp) from the hemolymph of greater wax moth, galleria mellonella l. | male-specific protein (msp) is a soluble protein that accumulates in high amounts in the hemolymph and other organs of adult male wax moth. the msp was purified from adult male wax moth by gel filtration and reversed phase column chromatography, and its amino acid sequence was determined. because of blocked n-terminus, several internal amino acid sequences of msp were obtained by the in-gel digestion method using trypsin. rt-pcr was conducted using degenerate primers designed from the internal a ... | 2003 | 14571505 |
| virions of pariacoto virus contain a minor protein translated from the second aug codon of the capsid protein open reading frame. | virions of the alphanodavirus pariacoto virus (pav) have t=3 icosahedral symmetry and are assembled from multiple copies of a precursor protein that is cleaved into two mature capsid proteins after assembly. the crystal structure of pav shows that the n-terminal approximately 30 amino acid residues of the subunits surrounding the 5-fold axes interact extensively with icosahedrally ordered regions of the encapsidated positive-sense genomic rnas. we found that wild-type pav particles also contain ... | 2003 | 13679619 |
| steinernema weiseri n. sp. (rhabditida, steinernematidae), a new entomopathogenic nematode from europe. | steinernema weiseri n. sp. is described from a roadside with apple trees near ceské budejovice, czech republic. the species is also widely distributed in germany and slovakia, from where it had previously been reported as steinernema spec. f. the british steinernema sp. d1 is considered conspecific with s. weiseri n. sp. males of the new species are mainly characterised by light brown, slightly curved spicules with a long manubrium and the presence of a short tail mucron in the second generation ... | 2003 | 12975620 |
| wax moth, galleria mellonella fat body receptor for high-density lipophorin (hdlp). | to identify and characterize the hdlp (high-density lipophorin) receptor from galleria mellonella (lprgm), we used techniques of ligand blotting. this method was, to our knowledge, first used to characterize the lipophorin receptor (lpr) in insects. lprgm had an approximate molecular weight of 97 kda under non-reducing conditions and bound the hdlp specifically. the time-course of lipophorin binding to their receptor protein was rapid. the binding of lipophorins to their receptors was saturable ... | 2003 | 12942512 |
| kinases, intracellular calcium, and apolipophorin-iii influence the adhesion of larval hemocytes of the lepidopterous insect, galleria mellonella. | based on the results from the use of selective inhibitors and activators, active protein kinase a, protein tyrosine kinase, and protein kinase c (pkc) isoforms decreased the adhesion of larval galleria mellonella hemocytes to glass slides. the protein kinase a inhibitor at all concentrations increased granular cell adhesion only whereas protein tyrosine kinase elevated both granular and plasmatocyte attachment at the lowest concentration. active, ca(2+)- and lipid-dependent pkc isoforms limited ... | 2003 | 12886514 |
| hormonal regulation of the expression of two storage proteins in the larval fat body of the greater wax moth (galleria mellonella). | during larval development of the greater wax moth, galleria mellonella, genes of storage proteins lhp76 and lhp82 are tissue- and stage-specifically expressed. in this study, hormonal regulation of this expression has been investigated in vivo. messenger rnas of the juvenile hormone (jh-suppressible) lhp82 gene are present only during the feeding period of the final larval instar, suggesting that a high level of jh during earlier stages prevents its expression and that a small rise in jh titer o ... | 2003 | 12804714 |
| interaction of calyx fluid and venom from microplitis croceipes (braconidae) on developmental disruption of the natural host, heliocoverpa zea, and two atypical hosts, galleria mellonella and spodoptera exigua. | polydnaviruses of many braconid and ichneumonid endoparasitoids play an important role in the successful parasitism of their hosts. the host's development is altered and its immune response is also suppressed. in this study, we compared the effects of calyx fluid and venom on the development of the natural host, helicoverpa zea, and two atypical hosts that the parasitoid does not normally attack in nature, galleria mellonella and spodoptera exigua. the levels of calyx fluid and\or venom injected ... | 1998 | 12769867 |
| acclimation of entomopathogenic nematodes to novel temperatures: trehalose accumulation and the acquisition of thermotolerance. | the effect of thermal acclimation on trehalose accumulation and the acquisition of thermotolerance was studied in three species of entomopathogenic nematodes adapted to either cold or warm temperatures. all three steinernema species accumulated trehalose when acclimated at either 5 or 35 degrees c, but the amount of trehalose accumulation differed by species and temperature. the trehalose content of the cold adapted steinernema feltiae increased by 350 and 182%, of intermediate steinernema carpo ... | 2003 | 12633652 |
| crystallization and preliminary crystallographic studies of juvenile hormone-binding protein from galleria mellonella haemolymph. | juvenile hormone-binding protein (jhbp) isolated from galleria mellonella haemolymph has been crystallized using the hanging-drop method in two polymorphic forms. the best diffracting crystals (2.7 a) are trigonal, space group p3(1)21 (or p3(2)21), with unit-cell parameters a = 110.4, c = 93.9 a. x-ray diffraction data have been collected for the native crystals using synchrotron radiation and cryogenic conditions (100 k). | 2003 | 12595713 |
| identification of immunorelevant genes from greater wax moth (galleria mellonella) by a subtractive hybridization approach. | in this study we have analyzed bacterial lipopolysaccharide (lps) induced genes in hemocytes of the lepidopteran species galleria mellonella using subtractive hybridization, followed by suppressive pcr. we have found genes that show homologies to molecules, such as gloverin, peptidoglycan recognition proteins and transferrin known to be involved in immunomodulation after bacterial infection in other species. in addition, a few molecules previously not described in the innate immune reactions wer ... | 2003 | 12590972 |
| influence of fungal infection on the dopa-semiquinone and dopa-quinone production in haemolymph of galleriamellonella larvae. | the formation of reactive oxygen metabolites in haemolymph of galleria mellonella larvae was studied by esr spectroscopy. the inhibition of the production of the reactive oxygen metabolites of dopa in haemolymph under the action of fungal infection was shown using spin trap 1-hydroxy-3-carboxy-pyrrolidine. this inhibition correlated with decrease of phenoloxidase activity in haemolymph of infected insects. simultaneously, the decrease of production of dopa-semiquinone was detected using method o ... | 2003 | 12480541 |
| the insect abdomen--a heartbeat manager in insects? | different possibilities of coordination between circulation, respiration and abdominal movements were found in pupae of pieris brassicae, tenebrio molitor, galleria mellonella and leptinotarsa decemlineata. coordination principles depend on metabolic rate: the need to support circulation with abdominal movements appears only at higher metabolic rates. integration between different abdominal movements and circulation depends on species, on physiological state and, supposedly, on internal morpholo ... | 2002 | 12443919 |
| immune suppression of galleria mellonella (insecta, lepidoptera) humoral defenses induced by steinernema feltiae (nematoda, rhabditida): involvement of the parasite cuticle. | immune depression of galleria mellonella larvae was evaluated a short time after infection with the entomopathogenic nematode steinernema feltiae. in the host the activity of the enzymatic cascade known as the propo system was significantly reduced by the presence of either live or dead parasites. the presence of parasites decreased the lps-elicited propo system activity. in addition, this process seems to be related to a decrease in the activity of hemolymph proteases, more than to phenoloxidas ... | 2007 | 12427469 |
| detection of the toxin hirsutellin a from hirsutella thompsonii. | a total of 162 strains of hirsutella thompsonii, isolated from infected mites collected worldwide, were examined for the production of hirsutellin a (hta). more than half of the broth filtrates exhibited mortality rates superior to 50% when assayed against galleria mellonella. the presence of the gene coding for hta, a previously characterized h. thompsonii protein exotoxin, was determined by pcr amplification using gene-specific primers. most isolates (100 out of 162) were shown to possess the ... | 2002 | 12383436 |
| differential lipid binding of truncation mutants of galleria mellonella apolipophorin iii. | apolipophorin iii (apolp-iii) is a prototype exchangeable apolipoprotein that is amenable to structure-function studies. the protein folds as a bundle of five amphipathic alpha-helices and undergoes a dramatic conformational change upon lipid binding. recently, we have shown that a truncation mutant of galleria mellonella apolp-iii comprising helices 1-3 is stable in solution and able to bind to lipid surfaces [dettloff, m., weers, p. m. m., niere, m., kay, c. m., ryan, r. o., and wiesner, a. (2 ... | 2002 | 12135391 |
| phased activity in heterorhabditis megidis infective juveniles. | the infectivity of heterorhabditis megidis infective juveniles (ijs) increases during storage in water. we investigated whether this change can be related to other features of the ijs' behaviour. ijs were stored in water for 4 weeks at 20 degrees c, and the following parameters were assessed at intervals: infectivity for galleria mellonella, dispersal in sand, host-finding on agar, and the percentage of ijs active in water. in addition, the behaviour of the ijs in water was described using 7 cat ... | 2002 | 12118716 |
| insect hemolymph clotting: evidence for interaction between the coagulation system and the prophenoloxidase activating cascade. | here we describe a novel approach to isolate proteins involved in insect hemolymph coagulation. in order to avoid problems in purifying clot proteins after they had been crosslinked, we performed an in vitro coagulation reaction with cell-free hemolymph from the lepidopteran galleria mellonella and used the resulting complexes to produce a specific antiserum. the antiserum reacted with a subset of hemolymph proteins as well as with granular cells, but not with other hemocyte types of galleria. s ... | 2002 | 12110299 |
| calcium-cadmium competition in ovarian vitellogenic follicles of galleria mellonella as revealed by x-ray microanalysis. | dissected ovarioles of galleria mellonella were exposed for 60 min to cadmium, supplied to insect culture medium in amount equalling that of calcium therein. the sections of ovarioles treated with a fixative precipitating both elements and embedded in epon were examined using energy-dispersive x-ray microanalysis system. analysis of the digital maps obtained suggests a free inflow of ca2+ and cd2+, in approximately equal amounts. calcium-cadmium competition was revealed within the whole sample a ... | 2002 | 12056659 |
| replacement of midgut epithelium in the greater wax moth, galleria mellonela, during larval-pupal moult. | the epithelium of larval midgut of the greater wax moth, galleria mellonela, was replaced during the larval-pupal moult. the development of this moth was tentatively divided into 11 stages, from the full-grown larva of last instar to the 4-day-old pupa. the midgut at each stage was observed for (1) overall structure, (2) the position of goblet cells, and (3) the appearance of the yellow body. light microscopy revealed that cell death in the midgut began in a cocoon-spinning larva (stage ii), whe ... | 2002 | 12037588 |
| two disulphide bridges are present in juvenile hormone binding protein from galleria mellonella. | the hemolymph juvenile hormone binding protein (jhbp) from galleria mellonella contains two disulphide bridges/molecule and no free cys residues. an alignment of primary structures of other lepidopteran jhbps indicates that cys residues, equivalent to cys10,17,151,195 in g. mellonella jhbp, maybe involved in -s-s- bridge formation. | 2001 | 11996002 |
| antibacterial peptides of the moth galleria mellonella. | the work describes purification and biochemical characterization of two inducible antimicrobial peptides from the hemolymph of galleria mellonella. the peptides were isolated by a sequence of reversed-phase chromatography steps from the hemolymph of larvae immunized with viable bacteria. the first peptide is a member of the cecropin family while the second one is rich in proline residues and has a unique sequence. | 2001 | 11995991 |
| differentially expressed genes in metamorphosis and after juvenile hormone application in the pupa of galleria. | in galleria mellonella, the pupal-adult transformation of epidermal cells is initiated at day 1 after pupal ecdysis by downregulation of pupal syntheses and loss of juvenile hormone (jh) sensitivity, indicating the change from pupal to adult commitment. to trace regulatory events as close as possible to the early steps of this process, we have analyzed, by differential display, changes in epidermal mrna populations during the first day after pupal ecdysis in normal development as well as after j ... | 2002 | 11755054 |
| functional diversification of lepidopteran opsins following gene duplication. | a comparative approach was taken for identifying amino acid substitutions that may be under positive darwinian selection and are correlated with spectral shifts among orthologous and paralogous lepidopteran long wavelength-sensitive (lw) opsins. four novel lw opsin fragments were isolated, cloned, and sequenced from eye-specific cdnas from two butterflies, vanessa cardui (nymphalidae) and precis coenia (nymphalidae), and two moths, spodoptera exigua (noctuidae) and galleria mellonella (pyralidae ... | 2001 | 11719576 |
| response of cd-1 mice to the chemical defence of a common arthropod (ommatoiulus sabulosus). | in order to set up a novel and ethologically relevant methodology that could be applied to the study of olfactory capabilities in transgenic mice, we analysed the behavioural responses of sexually mature male and female cd-1 mice individually exposed to a striped millipede, ommatoiulus sabulosus (l.), a very common myriapod species that secretes a repulsive and persistent odour in the presence of a predator. as control, we exposed mice to a larva of the lepidopteran greater wax moth, galleria me ... | 2001 | 11714493 |
| apolipophorin-iii in the greater wax moth, galleria mellonella (lepidoptera: pyralidae). | the level of apolipophorin-iii reached a maximum in the haemolymph of galleria mellonella at the end of the feeding phase of the seventh larval instar and declined to a plateau value in the pupal and the adult stages. apolipophorin-iii was detected immunologically in fat body tissue, haemocyte lysates, and plasma. in its native state, apolipophorin-iii may be associated with another protein with an apparent molecular mass of 77 kda, possibly apolipophorin-ii. injections of octopamine did not cau ... | 2001 | 11673843 |
| juvenile hormone binding protein and transferrin from galleria mellonella share a similar structural motif. | it has been previously suggested that juvenile hormone binding protein(s) (jhbp) belongs to a new class of proteins. in the search for other protein(s) that may contain structural motifs similar to those found in jhbp, hemolymph from galleria mellonella (lepidoptera) was chromatographed over a sephadex g-200 column and resulting fractions were subjected to sds-page, transferred onto nitrocellulose membrane and scanned with a monoclonal antibody, mab 104, against hemolymph jhbp. two proteins yiel ... | 2001 | 11530933 |
| characterization and immunological analysis of ferritin from the hemolymph of galleria mellonella. | ferritin, an iron-binding protein, was purified from the larval hemolymph of the wax moth, galleria mellonella by kbr density ultracentrifugation and fplc (superose 6). the iron content of ferritin was determined by atomic emission spectroscopy and ferene s stain. native molecular mass of ferritin was estimated as 630 kda. sds-page revealed that the ferritin consists of two major polypeptides of 26 and 32 kda and one minor polypeptide of 30 kda. an isoelectric point of ferritin was measured to b ... | 2001 | 11423320 |
| expression of larval hemolymph proteins (lhp) genes and protein synthesis in the fat body of greater wax moth (galleria mellonella) larvae during diapause. | when one-day-old, last instar galleria mellonella larvae are exposed to 18 degrees c they enter diapause and cease further development for several months. during diapause a group of proteins (72-84 kda) synthesized in the fat body and secreted into the hemolymph is markedly elevated. partial sequencing of the n-terminus of two proteins from this group confirmed their identity with larval hemolymph proteins (lhp) belonging to the family of hexameric storage proteins. the expression of two lhp gen ... | 2001 | 11356423 |
| a self-fertile species of steinernema from indonesia: further evidence of convergent evolution amongst entomopathogenic nematodes? | more than 20 species of the entomopathogenic nematode steinernema have been described; to date, all reproduce exclusively by cross-fertilization of male and female individuals. steinernema sp. strain t87 from indonesia was found to consist largely of self-fertile hermaphrodites. progeny were produced by morphological females both in insects (galleria mellonella) and in hanging drops of insect haemolymph inoculated with a single infective juvenile. sperm were present in the oviduct of unmated mor ... | 2001 | 11272649 |
| an epizootic of patent iridescent virus disease in multiple species of blackflies in chiapas, mexico. | simulium blackfly larvae (diptera: simuliidae) were collected from rivers and streams at 500-1500 m a.s.l. in chiapas state of southern mexico. among 45 sites surveyed over an area of 2300 km2 (around 15 degrees 15'n 92 degrees 20'w), some simulium larvae from three sites were opalescent violet-blue, interpreted as patent infection with invertebrate iridescent virus (iiv). dissection confirmed the presence of putative iridovirus particles, 130nm diameter, but no iiv isolates were obtained from h ... | 2000 | 11129714 |