| is the in situ inflammatory reaction an important tool to understand the cellular immune response in american tegumentary leishmaniasis? | the study of american tegumentary leishmaniasis (atl) lesions might contribute to the understanding of the dynamics of the infection. | 2008 | 17944980 |
| epidemiological monitoring of american tegumentary leishmaniasis: molecular characterization of a peridomestic transmission cycle in the amazonian lowlands of bolivia. | human-made and environmental changes constitute a major risk factor for the (re-)emergence and spread of leishmaniasis; surveillance of the transmission cycle is essential in this context. this study integrated entomological and molecular parasitological techniques to document the transmission pattern of a peridomestic focus of leishmania in the isiboro secure area of bolivia. first the spatial distribution and relative density of phlebotomine sand flies, genus lutzomyia, were established. lutzo ... | 2007 | 17945322 |
| evaluation of an in vitro and in vivo model for experimental infection with leishmania (viannia) braziliensis and l. (v.) peruviana. | leishmania (viannia) braziliensis and l. (v.) peruviana are two parasite species characterized by a very different pathogenicity in humans despite a high genetic similarity. we hypothesized previously that l. (v.) peruviana would descend from l. (v.) braziliensis and would have acquired its 'peruviana' character during the southward colonization and adaptation of the transmission cycle in the peruvian andes. in order to have a first appreciation of the differences in virulence between both speci ... | 2008 | 17961284 |
| trypanosomatid and fungal glycolipids and sphingolipids as infectivity factors and potential targets for development of new therapeutic strategies. | several (glyco)(sphingo)lipids from different human pathogens have been characterized, and frequently many of these molecules are participating in host-pathogen interaction. in leishmania (leishmania) amazonensis, for example, amastigotes present on their surface glycosphingolipids (gsls) with the structure galbeta1-3galalpha, which is recognized by 30 kda receptor of macrophages. furthermore, other leishmania species, such as leishmania (leishmania) major and leishmania (viannia) braziliensis p ... | 2008 | 17976917 |
| a randomized clinical trial comparing oral azithromycin and meglumine antimoniate for the treatment of american cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by leishmania (viannia) braziliensis. | azithromycin was compared with meglumine antimoniate for treatment of patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis. patients were randomized to receive oral azithromycin, 500 mg/day (22 patients) or intramuscular meglumine antimoniate, 10 mg sb/kg/day (23 patients), both for 28 days, with a second cycle of 15 days if necessary, and followed-up for one year after completion of treatment. efficacy, defined as complete re-epithelization without relapse for 12 months after completing therapy, was 82.6% (95 ... | 2007 | 17978064 |
| monoquaternary ammonium derivatives inhibit growth of protozoan parasites. | the phospholipid metabolism of plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes has been shown to be an effective pharmacological target for novel chemotherapy. thirty-seven monoquaternary ammonium derivatives analogous to choline were screened for their potential antiprotozoal activity against p. falciparum and leishmania braziliensis. twenty-three compounds inhibited chloroquine resistant and sensitive p. falciparum strains with inhibitory concentrations ranging from 0.001 microm to 47 microm. amon ... | 2008 | 17980650 |
| [cutaneous leishmaniasis--an import from belize]. | cutaneous leishmaniasis of the new world, in particular when caused by leishmania (l.) braziliensis, harbours the risk of lymphogenic as well as hematogenic dissemination. this may result in mucocutaneous leishmaniasis causing severe destruction of orofacial structures. dissemination may occur years after the disappearance of the skin lesions. in contrast, cutaneous leishmaniasis of the old world, is typically restricted to the site of inoculation. therefore, a conservative diagnostic and therap ... | 2007 | 17987367 |
| ulcerative infiltrated plaques in a bolivian boy. | | 2007 | 18035992 |
| isolation, purification, characterization and antigenic evaluation of gpi-anchored membrane proteins from leishmania (viannia) braziliensis. | gpi-anchored proteins from the plasma membrane of leishmania (viannia) braziliensis promastigotes were isolated, characterized and their migration pattern compared with those from other leishmania species. in all cases the sds-page migration patterns were obtained under reducing and non-reducing conditions, using dl-dithiothreitol (dtt) as a reducer agent. our results reveal that under reducing conditions the sds-page migration pattern is modified as a consequence of the disruption of disulphur- ... | 2008 | 18054342 |
| a new antifungal and antiprotozoal depside from the andean lichen protousnea poeppigii. | extracts from the andean lichens protousnea poeppigii and usnea florida displayed antimicrobial activity against the pathogenic fungi microsporum gypseum, trichophyton mentagrophytes and t. rubrum with mic values between 50 and 100 microg/ml. from the active extracts, four main metabolites were isolated and identified as the new depside, isodivaricatic acid, and the known metabolites 5-propylresorcinol, divaricatinic acid and usnic acid. isodivaricatic acid and divaricatinic acid presented antif ... | 2008 | 18058986 |
| enhanced leishmania braziliensis infection following pre-exposure to sandfly saliva. | sand fly saliva has an array of pharmacological and immunomodulatory components, and immunity to saliva protects against leishmania infection. in the present study, we have studied the immune response against lutzomyia intermedia saliva, the main vector of leishmania braziliensis in brazil, and the effects of saliva pre-exposure on l. braziliensis infection employing an intradermal experimental model. | 2007 | 18060088 |
| infectious granulomatous laryngitis: a retrospective study of 24 cases. | the diagnostic and treatment of verrucous lesions of the larynx involves a high level of suspicion by the physician attending the patient. the causes may go from unspecific laryngitis to neoplasia and granulomatous diseases. this kind of lesion is uncommon and the presentation aspects may vary broadly. the lesions in larynx are significant source of morbidity. the onset of symptoms is insidious and the diagnosis is usually delayed. symptoms include dysphonia, dyspnea, dysphagia and odynophagia. ... | 2008 | 18060554 |
| clinical and parasite species risk factors for pentavalent antimonial treatment failure in cutaneous leishmaniasis in peru. | treatment for cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl) with standard pentavalent antimonial therapy is hampered by cumbersome administration, toxicity, and potential failure. knowledge of factors influencing treatment outcome is essential for successful management. | 2008 | 18171254 |
| a killed leishmania vaccine with sand fly saliva extract and saponin adjuvant displays immunogenicity in dogs. | a vaccine against canine visceral leishmaniasis (cvl), comprising leishmania braziliensis promastigote protein, sand fly gland extract (sge) and saponin adjuvant, was evaluated in dog model, in order to analyse the immunogenicity of the candidate vaccine. the vaccine candidate elicited strong antigenicity in dogs in respect of specific sge and leishmania humoral immune response. the major saliva proteins recognized by serum from immunized dogs exhibited molecular weights of 35 and 45 kda, and we ... | 2008 | 18180079 |
| a real-time polymerase chain reaction assay for the identification and quantification of american leishmania species on the basis of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. | a real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) test was developed on the basis of the leishmania glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase locus that enables identification and quantification of parasites. using two independent pairs of primers in sybr-green assays, the test identified etiologic agents of cutaneous leishmaniasis belonging to both subgenera, leishmania (viannia) and leishmania (leishmania) in the americas. furthermore, use of taqman probes enables distinction between l. (v.) braziliensis or ... | 2008 | 18187795 |
| the activity of azithromycin against leishmania (viannia) braziliensis and leishmania (leishmania) amazonensis in the golden hamster model. | new therapeutic alternatives against leishmaniasis remain a priority. the activity of azithromycin against leishmania (leishmania) major has been previously demonstrated. different responses among species of leishmania make species-specific drug screening necessary. the activity of azithromycin against leishmania (viannia) braziliensis and leishmania (leishmania) amazonensis was evaluated in golden hamsters infected through footpad injections of metacyclic promastigotes, and compared with untrea ... | 2007 | 18200413 |
| first encounter of subclinical human leishmania (viannia) infection in state of rio grande do sul, brazil. | the objective of the present study was to evaluate the specificity of the montenegro skin test (mst) in an area in brazil, state of grande do sul state (rs), which was considered to be non-endemic for leishmaniasis. sixty subjects presented a positive mst and were reevaluated by clinical examination, serology and polymerase chain reaction (pcr) of peripheral blood for the detection of subclinical leishmania infection. none of the subjects presented clinical signs or symptoms of current leishmani ... | 2007 | 18209942 |
| cutaneous leishmaniasis in texas: a northern spread of endemic areas. | leishmaniasis, an infection caused by various species of leishmania protozoa, is usually transmitted by the bite of phlebotomine sandflies. the clinical presentations are extremely diverse and dependent on a variety of host and parasitic factors. although rare in the united states, cutaneous leishmaniasis is endemic in south-central texas. at this time, no autochthonous cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis are known to have been reported in north texas. we report 9 autochthonous cases of cutaneous l ... | 2008 | 18249464 |
| efficacy of miltefosine for bolivian cutaneous leishmaniasis. | oral miltefosine (2.5 mg/kg/d for 28 days) was compared with intramuscular antimony (20 mg/kg/d for 20 days) in the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by leishmania braziliensis in palos blancos, bolivia. the cure rates with 6 months of follow-up were statistically similar: 36 of 41 evaluable miltefosine patients (88%) versus 15 of 16 (94%) evaluable antimony patients. however, antimony cured more rapidly, because, by 1 month after therapy, 31 of 44 miltefosine patients (70%) compared w ... | 2008 | 18256415 |
| etiologic agent of an epidemic of cutaneous leishmaniasis in tolima, colombia. | american cutaneous leishmaniasis (acl) has been characterized as a zoonotic disease. however, peridomestic and domestic transmission have been recorded in at least nine countries in central and south america. the present study was undertaken to identify the etiologic agent of a peridomestic epidemic of acl in the department of tolima, colombia. leishmania isolates were obtained during the diagnosis of 56 patients with acl who consulted the local leishmaniasis control program in three municipalit ... | 2008 | 18256429 |
| american cutaneous leishmaniasis in horses from endemic areas in the north-central mesoregion of paraná state, brazil. | american cutaneous leishmaniasis (acl) is an endemic disease in the north-west of paraná state, brazil, where it occurs in humans and dogs. few studies have been undertaken on the occurrence of the disease in other domestic animals and horses. in this study we investigated the infection of horses by leishmania in acl-endemic rural areas. direct agglutination test (dat) and polymerase chain reaction (pcr) were employed. fifty-five horses from rural areas in the municipalities of doutor camargo, o ... | 2008 | 18331518 |
| pregnancy enhances the innate immune response in experimental cutaneous leishmaniasis through hormone-modulated nitric oxide production. | the maintenance of host defense during pregnancy may depend on heightened innate immunity. we evaluated the immune response of pregnant hamsters during early infection with leishmania (viannia) panamensis, a cause of american cutaneous leishmaniasis. at 7 days post-infection, pregnant animals showed a lower parasite burden compared with nonpregnant controls at the cutaneous infection site (p=0.0098) and draining lymph node (p=0.02). resident peritoneal macrophages and neutrophils from pregnant a ... | 2008 | 18347075 |
| an integrated pipeline for the development of novel panels of mapped microsatellite markers for leishmania donovani complex, leishmania braziliensis and leishmania major. | a panel of microsatellites mapped to the leishmania genome might make it possible to find associations between specific loci and phenotypic traits. to identify such loci, a perl programme was written that scans the sequence of a genome and writes all loci containing microsatellites to a mysql database. the programme was applied to the sequences of the l. braziliensis, l. infantum and l. major genomes. the database is publicly available over the internet: http://www.genomics.liv.ac.uk/tryps/resou ... | 2008 | 18371241 |
| immunomodulation of human monocytes following exposure to lutzomyia intermedia saliva. | sand fly saliva contains potent and complex pharmacologic molecules that are able to modulate the host's hemostatic, inflammatory, and immune systems. in this study, we evaluated the effects of salivary gland sonicate (sgs) of lutzomyia intermedia, the natural vector of leishmania braziliensis, on monocytes obtained from the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) of healthy volunteers. we investigated the effects of sand fly saliva on cytokine production and surface molecule expression of lps ... | 2008 | 18402685 |
| cellular localization and expression of gp63 homologous metalloproteases in leishmania (viannia) braziliensis strains. | leishmania (viannia) braziliensis is the major causative agent of american tegumentary leishmaniasis, a disease that encompasses a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations. in a previous study, we showed that brazilian and colombian l. braziliensis strains, isolated from patients with distinct clinical manifestations, display different pattern of metalloprotease activities. following these results, we investigated the cellular localization of these molecules and their relation to the major surf ... | 2008 | 18423419 |
| immunological and genetic evidence for a crucial role of il-10 in cutaneous lesions in humans infected with leishmania braziliensis. | in populations exposed to leishmania braziliensis, certain subjects develop skin ulcers, whereas others are naturally protected against cutaneous leishmaniasis. we have evaluated which cytokines are most crucial in the development of skin lesions. we found that active lesions occur in subjects with polarized th2 or mixed th1/th2 responses, both associated with elevated il-10 production. il-10 was strongly associated (p = 0.004, odd ratio (or) = 6.8, confidence interval = 1.9-25) with lesions, ex ... | 2008 | 18424735 |
| leishmania (v.) braziliensis: detection by pcr in biopsies from patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis. | cutaneous leishmaniases present similar clinical appearances, but differing prognosis in the course of infection. ulcers caused by parasites of the subgenus viannia are more aggressive than ulcers caused by parasites of the subgenus leishmania. another problem is distinguishing between true leishmania infection and other skin diseases in endemic areas, where cutaneous lesions and a single positive montenegro intradermal test are enough to submit patients to specific treatment for cutaneous leish ... | 2008 | 18442815 |
| antileishmanial activity of azithromycin against leishmania (leishmania) amazonensis, leishmania (viannia) braziliensis, and leishmania (leishmania) chagasi. | azithromycin, an azalide antibiotic, is highly concentrated within different phagocytic cells, especially macrophages. the potential antileishmanial activity of azithromycin against three species of leishmania from the new world was assessed using in vitro models. azithromycin decreased viability of promastigote cultures of leishmania (leishmania) amazonensis, leishmania (viannia) braziliensis, and leishmania (leishmania) chagasi as determined by the colorimetric alamar blue assay. in amastigote ... | 2008 | 18458308 |
| differentiation between canine cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis by the detection of immunoglobulin g specific for leishmania (viannia) braziliensis and leishmania (leishmania) chagasi antigens using flow cytometry. | flow cytometry employing leishmania (l.) chagasi (lc) and l. (viannia) braziliensis (lb) antigen was used to establish the differential diagnosis between visceral (vl) and cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl) in dogs. flow cytometry permitted the detection of leishmania-specific immunoglobulin g in sera from 19 dogs: nine with cl and 10 with vl. a significant difference in the percentage of positive staining was observed in sera from dogs with cl between the homologous antigen (69% for lb) and the heter ... | 2008 | 18462885 |
| leishmania braziliensis infection induces dendritic cell activation, isg15 transcription, and the generation of protective immune responses. | leishmania (viannia) braziliensis is the causative agent of cutaneous and mucosal leishmaniasis in south america, and the latter is a severe and disfiguring form of the disease. our understanding of how l. braziliensis parasites interact with dendritic cells (dcs) is limited, partially due to the difficulty in generating axenic amastigotes. in this study, we successfully generated axenic amastigotes of l. braziliensis and used them to test the hypothesis that l. braziliensis infection efficientl ... | 2008 | 18490754 |
| in vitro and in vivo antileishmanial activities of a brazilian green propolis extract. | the in vitro antileishmanial activity of brazilian green propolis hydroalcoholic extract (bpe) were carried out on leishmania (viannia) braziliensis against both promastigote (doses ranging from 1 to 750 microg ml(-1)) and amastigote (10, 100, and 250 microg ml(-1)) assays in comparison with the positive (amphotericin b) and negative (dimethyl sulfoxide at 1% in physiologic solution) control groups. bpe displayed in vitro antileishmanial activities against promastigote forms of the parasite (p < ... | 2008 | 18491139 |
| the sider2 elements, interspersed repeated sequences that populate the leishmania genomes, constitute subfamilies showing chromosomal proximity relationship. | protozoan parasites of the genus leishmania are causative agents of a diverse spectrum of human diseases collectively known as leishmaniasis. these eukaryotic pathogens that diverged early from the main eukaryotic lineage possess a number of unusual genomic, molecular and biochemical features. the completion of the genome projects for three leishmania species has generated invaluable information enabling a direct analysis of genome structure and organization. | 2008 | 18518959 |
| in vitro infectivity of species of leishmania (viannia) responsible for american cutaneous leishmaniasis. | there is little available information regarding the infectivity of new world leishmania species, particularly those from the amazonian brazil, where there are six species of the subgenus viannia causing american cutaneous leishmaniasis (acl). the aim of this study was to compare, in vitro, the potential infectivity of the following leishmania (viannia) spp.: l. (v.) braziliensis from localized cutaneous leishmaniasis (lcl) and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis (mcl) patients, l. (v.) guyanensis, l. (v ... | 2008 | 18528708 |
| serological reactivity of different antigenic preparations of leishmania (leishmania) amazonensis and the leishmania braziliensis complex. | total antigen from leishmania (leishmania) amazonensis and isolates from the leishmania braziliensis complex, along with their respective antigenic fractions obtained by affinity chromatography on concanavalin-a-sepharose and jacalin-agarose columns evaluated using immunoenzymatic elisa assay. for this, serum samples from 229 patients were used, grouped as american tegmental leishmaniasis (n masculine=58), visceral leishmaniasis (n masculine=28), chagas disease (n masculine=49), malaria (n mascu ... | 2008 | 18545832 |
| [serological investigation of subclinical cutaneous leishmaniasis cases following an outbreak in an endemic area]. | subclinical cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis were investigated in a district of maringá, state of paraná, by means of the indirect immunofluorescence reaction and enzyme immunoassay. among the 130 samples analyzed, one presented titer 40 and three presented titer 20 in the indirect immunofluorescence reaction, while 11 samples were positive in the enzyme immunoassay reaction. these data suggest that subclinical cases exist at this locality. | 2008 | 18545847 |
| synthesis, biological evaluation and sar of sulfonamide 4-methoxychalcone derivatives with potential antileishmanial activity. | despite clinical importance of leishmaniasis, an infectious disease that affects 12 thousand million people in 88 countries, the treatment is still unsatisfactory due to its limited efficacy, cost expensive and undesirable side effects. aiming to develop new antileishmanial lead compounds, we used a rational approach to synthesize a new set of sulfonamide 4-methoxychalcone derivatives (3a-3i) and evaluate the sulfonamide and methoxy moieties as promising adding-groups to chalcones. for that purp ... | 2009 | 18554753 |
| kinetics of cell migration to the dermis and hypodermis in dogs vaccinated with antigenic compounds of leishmania braziliensis plus saponin. | the search for new immunobiologicals against canine visceral leishmaniasis (cvl) has intensified in the last decade. however, it still remains to be elucidated that mechanisms of the innate immune response in situ after immunization (a.i.). the aim of this study was to investigate the kinetics of cell migration in the skin dogs with distinct antigenic compounds of the lbsap vaccine. our major findings indicated that saponin adjuvant alone or combined with leishmania braziliensis antigen induced ... | 2008 | 18555567 |
| enzyme immunoassay using leishmania (viannia) braziliensis antigens for laboratorial diagnosis of american cutaneous leishmaniasis. | american cutaneous leishmaniasis (acl) has a wide geographical distribution, including all the states of brazil. parasitological and immunological tests are the most commonly used methods for the laboratorial diagnosis of acl. the objective of this study was to find a specific and sensitive antigen to the diagnosis of acl. to this end, promastigotes of leishmania (viannia) braziliensis were submitted to gel-filtration chromatography (sephadex g100) and to ionic-change chromatography (deae-sephar ... | 2008 | 18561892 |
| local immunological factors associated with recurrence of mucosal leishmaniasis. | recurrence of mucosal leishmaniasis (ml) is frequent, but the causative mechanisms are unknown. our aim was to compare cellular and cytokine patterns of lesions from ml that evolved to recurrence or cure in order to determine the risk factor associated with recurrence. lesions were evaluated by immunohistochemistry before and after therapy, and patients were followed-up for five years. higher levels of cd4(+) t and ifn-gamma-producing cells were detected in active lesions and decreased after the ... | 2008 | 18585959 |
| mapping of the conserved antigenic domains shared between potato apyrase and parasite atp diphosphohydrolases: potential application in human parasitic diseases. | evolutionary and closer structural relationships are demonstrated by phylogenetic analysis, peptide prediction and molecular modelling between solanum tuberosum apyrase, schistosoma mansoni smatpase 2 and leishmania braziliensis ndpase. specific protein domains are suggested to be potentially involved in the immune response, and also seem to be conserved during host and parasite co-evolution. significant igg antibody reactivity was observed in sera from patients with american cutaneous leishmani ... | 2008 | 18598576 |
| reviewing the role of the dendritic langerhans cells in the immunopathogenesis of american cutaneous leishmaniasis. | the role of dendritic langerhans cells (lcs) in the immunopathogenesis of american cutaneous leishmaniasis (acl) was reviewed in the light of more recent clinical and immunological features of acl, caused by the principal human pathogenic leishmanial parasites found in brazil: leishmania (viannia) braziliensis and l. (l.) amazonensis. the report shows a species-specific correlation between the lc density and the cd4+ and cd8+ t-cell profiles in the cellular infiltrate of skin lesions of acl pati ... | 2008 | 18602127 |
| molecular diagnosis of leishmaniosis in the paraná state of southern brazil. | the objective of the present study was to establish a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) technique for the diagnosis of cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniosis from autochthonous cases in the state of paraná in southern brazil as well as imported cases. we sought to determine its utility and accuracy compared with smears and present culture methods. to standardize pcr samples, skin and mucosal punch biopsies from human lesions were performed on patients living in different regions of the paraná s ... | 2008 | 18637136 |
| expression and substrate specificity of a recombinant cysteine proteinase b of leishmania braziliensis. | the cysteine proteinase b of leishmania parasites is an important virulence factor. in this study we have expressed, isolated and characterized for the first time a recombinant cpb from leishmania braziliensis, the causative agent of mucocutaneous leishmaniosis. the mature region of the recombinant cpb shares a high percentage identity with its leishmania mexicana cpb2.8 (rcpb2.8deltacte) counterpart (76.36%) and has identical amino acid residues at the s(1), catalytic triad and s'(1) subsites. ... | 2008 | 18639590 |
| extracellular nucleotide metabolism in leishmania: influence of adenosine in the establishment of infection. | leishmaniasis is a parasitic disease with a variety of clinical forms, which are related to the leishmania species involved. in the murine model, leishmania amazonensis causes chronic non-healing lesions in leishmania braziliensis- or leishmania major-resistant mouse strains. in this study, we investigated the involvement of the pathway of extracellular nucleotide hydrolysis, with special focus on the role of extracellular adenosine, in the establishment of leishmania infection. our results show ... | 2008 | 18656412 |
| in vitro and in vivo activity of meglumine antimoniate produced at farmanguinhos-fiocruz, brazil, against leishmania (leishmania) amazonensis, l (l.) chagasi and l (viannia) braziliensis. | the leishmanicidal activity of four batches of meglumine antimoniate, produced in farmanguinhos-fiocruz, brazil (tams), was assessed and compared to glucantime-aventis pharma ltda. using the amastigote-like in vitro model, the active concentrations of sb v varied from 10microg/ml to 300microg/ml for l. (l.) chagasi and from 50microg/ml to 300microg/ml for l. (l.) amazonensis, with no statistically significant differences among the four batches of tams and glucantime. the inhibitory concentration ... | 2008 | 18660990 |
| nodular lymphangitis: a distinctive clinical entity with finite etiologies. | nodular lymphangitis, characterized by inflammatory nodules along the lymphatics draining a primary skin infection, most commonly follows superficial inoculation with sporothrix schenckii, nocardia brasiliensis, mycobacterium marinum, leishmania (viannia) panamensis/guyanensis, and francisella tularensis. epidemiologic context, clinical presentation, and presumed incubation period help to predict the specific etiologic microorganism. sporotrichosis, often occurring in gardeners, remains the most ... | 2008 | 18687205 |
| epidemiology of cutaneous leishmaniasis in suriname: a study performed in 2006. | cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl) is a widespread disease in suriname caused by leishmania viannia guyanensis. it is argued that other leishmania species are also responsible for cl and that the incidence is increasing. this study aimed to identify the species causing the disease and to estimate the annual detection rate of cl in suriname in 2006. in paramaribo, 152 patients were registered, of whom 33 were tested in two polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) ... | 2008 | 18689623 |
| dynamics of immune granuloma formation in a leishmania braziliensis-induced self-limiting cutaneous infection in the primate macaca mulatta. | in order to unravel the physiopathology of leishmaniasis in humans, it is necessary to better understand how leishmania are able to survive for years within immunologically active granulomas. in the present study, we used a macaque (macaca mulatta) model of infection with leishmania braziliensis as a means of assessing the usefulness of this primate system. this model more closely mirrors human protective immunity to leishmania than the murine model; therefore, we used it to study the host infla ... | 2008 | 18702174 |
| in vitro and in vivo antitrypanosomatid activity of 5-nitroindazoles. | previously, we have identified a series of 5-nitroindazoles with good antiprotozoal activities, against trypanosoma cruzi epimastigotes and trichomonas vaginalis. most of them have shown very low unspecific toxicity on macrophage cell lines. in the present work, we assayed these compounds on t. cruzi bloodstream trypomastigotes and leishmania promastigotes (leishmania amazonensis, leishmania braziliensis and leishmania infantum). derivatives 1, 2, 7 and 8 displayed remarkable trypanocidal activi ... | 2009 | 18706738 |
| dna sequencing confirms the involvement of leishmania (l.) amazonensis in american tegumentary leishmaniasis in the state of são paulo, brazil. | american tegumentary leishmaniasis (atl) represents one of the most important public health issues in the world. an increased number of autochthonous cases of atl in the northeastern region of são paulo state has been documented in the last few years, leading to a desire to determine the leishmania species implicated. | 2008 | 18719754 |
| rerep: computational detection of repetitive sequences in genome survey sequences (gss). | genome survey sequences (gss) offer a preliminary global view of a genome since, unlike ests, they cover coding as well as non-coding dna and include repetitive regions of the genome. a more precise estimation of the nature, quantity and variability of repetitive sequences very early in a genome sequencing project is of considerable importance, as such data strongly influence the estimation of genome coverage, library quality and progress in scaffold construction. also, the elimination of repeti ... | 2008 | 18782453 |
| natural infection of lutzomyia tortura with leishmania (viannia) naiffi in an amazonian area of ecuador. | natural infection of sand flies with leishmania parasites was surveyed in an amazonian area in ecuador where leishmaniasis is endemic. seventy-one female sand flies were dissected and one was positive for leishmania protozoa. the species of this sand fly was identified as lutzomyia (lu.) tortura on the basis of morphologic characteristics. analysis of the cytochrome b gene sequence identified the parasite as l. (viannia) naiffi. we report the distribution of l. (v.) naiffi in ecuador and detecti ... | 2008 | 18784239 |
| leishmania (viannia) braziliensis: new primers for identification using polymerase chain reaction. | the objective of this study was to develop specific primers for leishmania (viannia) braziliensis species identification using pcr. the designed primers (lbf1 and lbr1) were evaluated for sensitivity and specificity using various l. (v.) braziliensis serodemes and various leishmania species and also using trypanosoma cruzi. a specific fragment of 536bp was detected from 50ng of dna in a crude extract derived from l. (v.) braziliensis. the dna fragment was not detected when dna from other leishma ... | 2008 | 18786532 |
| retraction. blepharo-conjunctivitis due to leishmania (viannia) braziliensis cutaneous infection: report of two cases in rio de janeiro, brazil. | | 2011 | 18812386 |
| typing of four genetic loci discriminates among closely related species of new world leishmania. | all new world leishmania species can cause cutaneous lesions, while only leishmania (viannia) braziliensis has been associated with mucosal metastases. multilocus enzyme electrophoresis (mlee) is the optimal standard for species identification but is slow and costly. new methods for species identification are needed to ensure proper identification and therapy. the coding regions of four metabolic enzyme markers in the mlee typing method: mannose phosphate isomerase (mpi), malate dehydrogenase (m ... | 2009 | 18817779 |
| clinical features of cutaneous and disseminated cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by leishmania (viannia) braziliensis in paraty, rio de janeiro. | american tegumentary leishmaniasis (atl) caused by leishmania (viannia) braziliensis is endemic in rio de janeiro state (rj), where the disease shows epidemiologic and clinical characteristics distinct from those of atl in other brazilian regions. paraty is the second most important endemic area in rj; however, reports on leishmaniasis in this region refer to the occurrence of the disease without describing its characteristics. | 2008 | 18937655 |
| functional dichotomy of dendritic cells following interaction with leishmania braziliensis: infected cells produce high levels of tnf-alpha, whereas bystander dendritic cells are activated to promote t cell responses. | leishmania braziliensis infections are often associated with exaggerated immune responses that can sometimes lead to severe disease associated with high levels of ifn-gamma and tnf-alpha. to explore the role played by dendritic cells (dcs) in these responses, we characterized dcs that were exposed to l. braziliensis. we found that dcs cultured with l. braziliensis parasites up-regulated dc activation markers and produced il-12 and tnf-alpha. however, not all dcs in the culture became infected, a ... | 2008 | 18941238 |
| epidemiological aspects of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the iguazú falls area of argentina. | over the last three decades the incidence of american cutaneous leishmaniasis (acl) has increased sharply in argentina and throughout the world. in the iguazú falls area, on the border between brazil and paraguay, the incidence of human acl has risen since 2004. most of the 36 cases of human acl reported until 2005 have involved males over 15 years old (75%) infected during deforestation to establish individual farms. captures carried out in primary forest, periurban areas, and deforested land s ... | 2009 | 18983809 |
| leishmania (viannia) braziliensis transfectants overexpressing the miniexon gene lose virulence in vivo. | the miniexon gene has a central role in the processing of polycistronic pre-mrna of kinetoplastids. it is added to the 5' extremity of each mrna, supplying the 5'-capped structure to the molecule. previous studies in leishmania (leishmania) major showed that the overexpression of the miniexon array attenuates the virulence of the parasite in in vivo assays. the results presented here extend those findings to viannia subgenus. leishmania (viannia) braziliensis was transfected with a cosmid harbor ... | 2009 | 18992366 |
| sensitivity and reproducibility of a pcr assay for leishmania detection using skin biopsy imprints on filter paper. | the sensitivity and reproducibility of a pcr targeted to amplify the conserved 120 base-pair region of minicircles from leishmania kdna was defined using dna extracted from skin biopsy imprints on filter paper. seventy-seven patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis from an endemic region of leishmania (viannia) braziliensis in brazil underwent skin biopsy of the ulcer border. tissue samples were imprinted on filter paper and then, they were stored at -20 degrees c. imprints on filter paper were sto ... | 2009 | 18996076 |
| pcr for identification of species causing american cutaneous leishmaniasis. | parasites of the complexes leishmania (leishmania) mexicana, leishmania (viannia) braziliensis, and leishmania (leishmania) chagasi coexist within the same endemic areas of the american continent. they produce similar clinical manifestations, yet not all respond well to treatment with anti-leishmania drugs. thus, high specificity and sensitivity are needed to improve diagnosis and treatment. we developed a highly specific and sensitive polymerase chain reaction based diagnostic method that permi ... | 2009 | 19002715 |
| clinical, epidemiological and laboratory aspects of patients with american cutaneous leishmaniasis in the state of pernambuco. | the diagnosis for american cutaneous leishmaniasis is based on an association of clinical, epidemiological and laboratory characteristics. the present study identified the circulating species of leishmania in the state of pernambuco, described its clinical-epidemiological characteristics and diagnosed the disease. nineteen patients presenting active lesions who had been diagnosed through clinical evaluation and laboratory tests were selected. the tests included direct investigation, in vitro cul ... | 2008 | 19009182 |
| [sandfly fauna (diptera: psychodidae) in a focus of american cutaneous leishmaniasis on the urban periphery of manaus, state of amazonas]. | from august 2001 to july 2002, sand flies were collected from the bases of trees and, using cdc and disney traps, from areas surrounding homes and forested areas in the são joão community, on the urban periphery of manaus, state of amazonas. 4,104 specimens belonging to four subtribes, 13 genera and 49 species of the phlebotominae subfamily were collected. the subtribe psychodopygina predominated, with 3,403 (83%) specimens, especially of nyssomyia umbratilis, nyssomyia anduzei, trichophoromyia ... | 2008 | 19009191 |
| [molecular and immunological analyses suggest the absence of hydrophilic surface proteins in leishmania (viannia) panamensis]. | the genus leishmania is divided into two subgenera: leishmania and viannia. the two subgenera present several important differences such as the pathology they cause in susceptible hosts, their in vitro growth behavior, their genetic characteristics, and the expression pattern of several proteins, including those of the hydrophilic surface protein family. | 2008 | 19034366 |
| advances in flow cytometric serology for canine visceral leishmaniasis: diagnostic applications when distinct clinical forms, vaccination and other canine pathogens become a challenge. | we have previously reported the applicability of flow cytometry anti-fixed leishmania infantum chagasi promastigotes igg (fc-afpa-igg) as a novel serological device for laboratorial diagnosis of cvl. herein, we validate throughout a blind study applied into a broader range of coded sera samples that fc-afpa-igg at serum dilution 1:8192 have an outstanding performance to discriminate the serological reactivity of canine visceral leishmaniasis (cvl, n=64) and leishmune vaccines (vac, n=62) and non ... | 2009 | 19046772 |
| the finding of lutzomyia almerioi and lutzomyia longipalpis naturally infected by leishmania spp. in a cutaneous and canine visceral leishmaniases focus in serra da bodoquena, brazil. | to identify natural infections by leishmania spp. in insect vectors of cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis, we performed field studies in natural and anthropic environments in the guaicurus settlement (bodoquena range) of the bonito municipality, mato grosso do sul state, brazil. from october 2002 to october 2003, a total of 1395 sandfly females were captured with shannon and light traps and dissected in search of flagellates. the sample is composed of a total of 13 species, with lutzomyia alme ... | 2009 | 19062193 |
| tamoxifen as a potential antileishmanial agent: efficacy in the treatment of leishmania braziliensis and leishmania chagasi infections. | the aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of tamoxifen in vivo in experimental models of cutaneous (cl) and visceral leishmaniasis (vl) caused by leishmania braziliensis and leishmania chagasi, respectively. | 2009 | 19095684 |
| evaluation of treatment with pentamidine for cutaneous leishmaniasis in suriname. | in suriname, pentamidine isethionate (pi) is the only drug available for the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl). recently, local dermatologists have observed an increase in cl patients not responding adequately to the standard doses. | 2009 | 19126051 |
| leishmania (viannia) braziliensis genotypes identified in lesions of patients with atypical or typical manifestations of tegumentary leishmaniasis: evaluation by two molecular markers. | analyses of mlee, rapd and lssp-pcr were used to compare the panel of american tegumentary leishmaniasis (atl) isolates obtained from lesions of patients with rare clinical manifestations of the disease and typical lesions. all of the 34 samples analyzed by mlee demonstrated similar electromorphic profiles with leishmania (viannia) braziliensis reference strain. through the rapd analysis, nine genetic profiles (genotypes) were identified. lssp-pcr corroborates the initial screening and phenetic ... | 2009 | 19135053 |
| cellular immune response profile in patients with american tegumentary leishmaniasis prior and post chemotherapy treatment. | in this study, we have the objective of evaluating the lymphoproliferative response and determining interferon (ifn)-gamma and interleukin (il)-10 cytokine production in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) of patients with american tegumentary leishmaniasis prior and post 12 months of chemotherapy treatment with meglumine antimoniate compared with the pbmc of noninfected donors. lymphoproliferation, such as cytokine production, was evaluated through in vitro stimulus with the soluble a ... | 2009 | 19140214 |
| enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for superoxide dismutase-excreted antigen in diagnosis of sylvatic and andean cutaneous leishmaniasis of peru. | a superoxide dismutase excreted by promastigote forms of l. (viannia) peruviana (sode-lp), l. (viannia) brazilensis (sode-lb), and l. (l.) amazonensis (sode-la) is tested to evaluate its potential value as a diagnostic tool of mucocutaneous and andean cutaneous leishmaniasis. we used 45 sera with mucocutaneous leishmaniasis (sl) and 68 with andean cutaneous leishmaniasis (acl). sode-lp antigen was recognized by 94% of the serum from acl patients, and the sode-lb antigen was recognized by 93% of ... | 2009 | 19141840 |
| histological study of cell migration in the dermis of hamsters after immunisation with two different vaccines against visceral leishmaniasis. | vaccine candidates, including live and/or killed parasites, leishmania-purified fractions, defined recombinant antigens and antigen-encoding dna-plasmids have been proposed to use as vaccine anti-leishmania. more recently, the hamsters have been used to pre-selection of antigens candidate to apply in further experiments using canine model. in this report we evaluated the kinetics of cell migration in dermal inflammatory infiltrate, circulating leukocytes and the presence of nitric oxide (no)/ind ... | 2009 | 19147234 |
| synthesis of limonene beta-amino alcohol derivatives in support of new antileishmanial therapies. | a series of seven limonene beta-amino alcohol derivatives has been regioselectively synthesised in moderate to good yields. two of these compounds were found to be significantly effective against in vitro cultures of the leishmania (viannia) braziliensis promastigote form in the micromolar range. the activities found for 3b and 3f were about 100-fold more potent than the standard drug, pentamidine, in the same test, while limonene did not display any activity. this is the first report of antilei ... | 2008 | 19148415 |
| natural infection of nyssomyia neivai (pinto, 1926) (diptera: psychodidae, phlebotominae) by leishmania (viannia) spp. in brazil. | a study of the natural infection of phlebotomine sand flies by leishmania (viannia) was conducted in a focus of cutaneous leishmaniasis in piçarras, on the northeastern coast of the brazilian state of santa catarina. in total, 562 female nyssomyia neivai were collected by miniature light traps near houses, separated in 61 pools and examined by pcr and southern blot hybridization. eight pools, four of them from the same light trap/night, were positive. this is the first finding of natural infecti ... | 2009 | 19178921 |
| a serological and molecular investigation of american cutaneous leishmaniasis in dogs, three years after an outbreak in the northwest of paraná state, brazil. | classic and molecular (polymerase chain reaction--pcr) techniques were used to diagnose american cutaneous leishmaniasis in 149 dogs from an area in the northwest of paraná state, brazil, where an american cutaneous leishmaniasis outbreak occurred in 2002. the results were compared to a set of previously obtained results. twenty-five dogs had positive indirect immunofluorescence (iif) (titers > or = 40), including two animals with suggestive lesions. the percentage of dogs with positive iif was ... | 2009 | 19180291 |
| structures of leishmania major orthologues of macrophage migration inhibitory factor. | leishmania major, an intracellular parasitic protozoon that infects, differentiates and replicates within macrophages, expresses two closely related mif-like proteins. to ascertain the roles and potential differences of these two leishmania proteins, recombinant l. major mif1 and mif2 have been produced and the structures resolved by x-ray crystallography. each has a trimeric ring architecture similar to mammalian mif, but with some structurally distinct features. lmjmif1, but not lmjmif2, has t ... | 2009 | 19187777 |
| low plasma membrane expression of the miltefosine transport complex renders leishmania braziliensis refractory to the drug. | miltefosine (hexadecylphosphocholine, mlf) is the first oral drug with recognized efficacy against both visceral and cutaneous leishmaniasis. however, some clinical studies have suggested that mlf shows significantly less efficiency against the cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by leishmania braziliensis. in this work, we have determined the cellular and molecular basis for the natural mlf resistance observed in l. braziliensis. four independent l. braziliensis clinical isolates showed a marked dec ... | 2009 | 19188379 |
| survival, population size, and gonotrophic cycle duration of nyssomyia neivai (diptera: psychodidae) at an endemic area of american cutaneous leishmaniasis in southeastern brazil. | the survival, absolute population size, gonotrophic cycle duration, and temporal and spatial abundance of nyssomyia neivai (pinto) were studied in a rural area endemic for american cutaneous leishmaniasis (acl) in conchal, são paulo state, southeastern brazil, using mark-release-recapture techniques and by monitoring population fluctuation. the monthly abundance exhibited a unimodal pattern, with forest and domicile habitats having the highest relative abundances. a total of 1,873 males and 3,55 ... | 2009 | 19198516 |
| ifn-beta impairs superoxide-dependent parasite killing in human macrophages: evidence for a deleterious role of sod1 in cutaneous leishmaniasis. | type i ifns (ifn-alpha/beta) have only recently gained considerable attention as immunomodulators in nonviral infectious diseases. ifn-beta has been shown to protect, in a no-dependent manner, against murine old world leishmaniasis caused by leishmania major, but data in new world leishmaniasis are lacking. we found that ifn-beta dose-dependently increases parasite burden in leishmania amazonensis- as well as leishmania braziliensis-infected human macrophages, independent of endogenous or exogen ... | 2009 | 19201909 |
| accuracy of an elisa and indirect immunofluorescence for the laboratory diagnosis of american tegumentary leishmaniasis. | we compared the accuracy of elisa and indirect immunofluorescence (iif) using leishmania braziliensis and l. major-like antigens and antigens from the bio-manguinhos kit for serological diagnosis of american tegumentary leishmaniasis (atl). cut-off values were defined by the area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve. for elisa, statistical analyses revealed better accuracy [95.7% sensitivity, 100% specificity, 100% positive predictive value (ppv), 97.5% negative predictive value (np ... | 2009 | 19211118 |
| trypanosoma caninum n. sp. (protozoa: kinetoplastida) isolated from intact skin of a domestic dog ( canis familiaris) captured in rio de janeiro, brazil. | an unknown trypanosoma species was isolated from an axenic culture of intact skin from a domestic dog captured in rio de janeiro, brazil, which was co-infected with leishmania (viannia) braziliensis. giemsa-stained smears of cultures grown in different media revealed the presence of epimastigotes, trypomastigotes, spheromastigotes, transitional stages, and dividing forms (epimastigotes or spheromastigotes). the highest frequency of trypomastigotes was observed in rpmi (15.2%) and dmem (9.2%) med ... | 2009 | 19216827 |
| a 245kb mini-chromosome impacts on leishmania braziliensis infection and survival. | leishmania (v.) braziliensis, the causative agent of mucocutaneous leishmaniasis in the new world, may present an ld1 type genomic amplification that appears as a small 245 kb linear chromosome, and is not clearly associated to the presence of a selection agent. a bt1 gene, codifying for a biopterin transporter protein, was identified in this small chromosome. leishmania are auxotrophic for pterins and one of the proposed explanations for the appearance of this amplification is the improvement o ... | 2009 | 19254695 |
| leishmania (viannia) guyanensis induces low immunologic responsiveness in leishmaniasis patients from an endemic area of the brazilian amazon highland. | cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by leishmania (viannia) guyanensis (cl-lguy) is endemic in the brazilian amazon, differing from l. braziliensis infection in clinical, diagnostic, and therapeutic aspects. t-cell reactivity to leishmanial antigens possibly involved in the pathogenesis of cl-lguy was studied herein. variable lymphoproliferative responses (lprs) to leishmania antigens were found among the 23 studied patients, and 50% of them showed low or no response to these antigens. active disease ... | 2009 | 19270278 |
| lesion aspirate culture for the diagnosis and isolation of leishmania spp. from patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis. | the detection of leishmania spp. in skin lesion aspirates, using a puncture technique, was evaluated in 76 patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl) who were referred to a leishmaniasis reference centre in brazil. cl was defined based on skin lesions suggestive of the disease and on a positive result of the montenegro skin test or giemsa-stained imprints of biopsy fragments. the aspirates were cultured using a vacuum tube device containing culture medium and evaluated for the presence of leishm ... | 2009 | 19274378 |
| an alkaloid extract of evanta, traditionally used as anti-leishmania agent in bolivia, inhibits cellular proliferation and interferon-gamma production in polyclonally activated cells. | traditional medicine and scientific studies have shown that the raw extract of evanta [galipea longiflora, angostura longiflora (krause) kallunki] exhibits anti-leishmanial activity. we hypothesized that the healing observed when using this plant might not only be due to the direct action on the parasite, but possibly to a parallel effect on the host immune response to the parasite involved in the healing process. we show here that an alkaloid extract of evanta (aee) directly killed the parasite ... | 2009 | 19281537 |
| isolation of leishmania amastigote protein fractions which induced lymphocyte stimulation and remission of psoriasis. | a first generation polyvalent vaccine (as100(1)) was manufactured with protein from several cultured leishmania species, which proved to be effective in the treatment of psoriasis. to determine the effective factor, a single blind trial with four monovalent second generation vaccines (as100(2)) was done in 26 subjects, which also resulted in remission of psoriasis. as100(2) vaccines were further purified, resulting in seven chromatography fractions (as200) per species. in vitro testing of the fr ... | 2009 | 19294395 |
| prodigiosin is not a determinant factor in lysis of leishmania (viannia) braziliensis after interaction with serratia marcescens d-mannose sensitive fimbriae. | in this paper, the lytic activity of two variants of serratia marcescens against promastigotes of leishmania braziliensis was studied. in vitro assays showed that s. marcescens variant sm365 lyses l. braziliensis promastigotes, while the variant db11 did not. scanning electron microscopy (sem) revealed that s. marcescens sm365 adheres to all cellular body and flagellum of the parasite. several filamentous structures were formed and identified as biofilms. after 120min incubation, they connect th ... | 2009 | 19303010 |
| leishmania (viannia) panamensis: an in vitro assay using the expression of gfp for screening of antileishmanial drug. | promastigotes of leishmania (viannia) panamensis were successfully transfected with p6.5-egfp to express green fluorescent protein. the transfectants remained infective to macrophages, providing an in vitro model for screening antileishmanial drugs. this was demonstrated by flow cytometry of macrophage-associated gfp after exposure of infected cultures to known antileishmanial drugs, i.e. amphotericin b and glucantime. fluorescence of gfp diminished progressively from infected cells with increas ... | 2009 | 19303871 |
| inhibitory activity of limonene against leishmania parasites in vitro and in vivo. | limonene is a monoterpene that has antitumoral, antibiotic and antiprotozoal activity. in this study we demonstrate the activity of limonene against leishmania species in vitro and in vivo. limonene killed leishmania amazonensis promastigotes and amastigotes with 50% inhibitory concentrations of 252.0+/-49.0 and 147.0+/-46.0 microm, respectively. limonene was also effective against leishmania major, leishmania braziliensis and leishmania chagasi promastigotes. the treatment of l. amazonensis-inf ... | 2009 | 19321295 |
| first report of lutzomyia (nyssomyia) neivai (diptera: psychodidae: phlebotominae) naturally infected by leishmania (viannia) braziliensis in a periurban area of south brazil using a multiplex polymerase chain reaction assay. | to identify lutzomyia (nyssomyia) neivai naturally infected by leishmania a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was used for the analysis of 450 specimens (270 females, 180 males) collected in an endemic periurban area of cutaneous leishmaniasis in porto alegre, brazil. insects were grouped into pools of 10 and positive results were achieved in 3/27 lu. (n.) neivai female pools. infection by l. (viannia) braziliensis was confirmed after hybridizing pcr products with a subgenus-specific bio ... | 2009 | 19346382 |
| copper (ii) complexes of [1,2,4]triazolo [1,5-a]pyrimidine derivatives as potential anti-parasitic agents. | anti-proliferative effects are described for newly synthesised copper (ii) complexes of two triazolo-pyrimidine derivatives (1,2,4-triazolo-[1,5-a]pyrimidine, tp, and 5,7-dimethyl 1,2,4-triazolo-[1,5-a]pyrimidine, dmtp) against to trypanosoma cruzi and leishmania (viannia) peruviana. of the compounds assayed, those that presented the ligand tp and auxiliary ligand 1,10-phenanthroline (c24b, c49) were most highly active against to t. cruzi with ic(50) within the range of the reference drug benzni ... | 2009 | 19356115 |
| distinct roles for myd88 and toll-like receptor 2 during leishmania braziliensis infection in mice. | we have previously reported that leishmania braziliensis infection can activate murine dendritic cells (dcs) and upregulate signaling pathways that are essential for the initiation of innate immunity. however, it remains unclear whether toll-like receptors (tlrs) are involved in l. braziliensis-mediated dc activation. to address this issue, we generated bone marrow-derived dcs from myd88(-/-) and tlr2(-/-) mice and examined their responsiveness to parasite infection. while wild-type dcs were eff ... | 2009 | 19364834 |
| interventions for american cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis. | pentavalent antimonial drugs are the most prescribed treatment for american cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis. other drugs have been used with varying success. | 2009 | 19370612 |
| perpetuation of leishmania: some novel insight into elegant developmental programs. | leishmania spp. are polarized single-celled eukaryotic parasites, the perpetuation of which relies on two other organisms they "use" as hosts. one of the leishmania host organisms is a blood-feeding female sand fly, the second host being a mammal that acts as a blood source for the female sand fly. leishmania-hosting sand flies transmit the metacyclic promastigote developmental stage to the mammal skin. while many mammals are known to act as sand fly blood sources, only some of these mammals are ... | 2009 | 19379663 |
| leishmaniases in bolivia: comprehensive review and current status. | the leishmaniases are protozoan, zoonotic diseases transmitted to human and other mammal hosts by the bite of phlebotomine sandflies. bolivia has the highest incidence of cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl) in latin america (la), with 33 cases per 100,000 population reported in 2006. cl is endemic in seven of the country's nine administrative departments. visceral leishmaniasis (vl) is comparatively rare and is restricted to one single focus. most cl cases are caused by leishmania (viannia) braziliensi ... | 2009 | 19407110 |
| the antitumoral, trypanocidal and antileishmanial activities of extract and alkaloids isolated from duguetia furfuracea. | the alkaloid extract and five alkaloids isolated from subterranean stem bark of duguetia furfuracea (annonaceae) were investigated for the following activities: antitumoral, trypanocidal and leishmanicidal. dicentrinone showed weak cytotoxicity, but it had the strongest leishmanicidal activity (ic(50) 0.01 microm). duguetine and duguetine beta-n-oxide caused considerable antitumoral activity in every cell lines evaluated, although duguetine was more active against trypomastigote forms (ic(50) 9. ... | 2009 | 19423311 |
| canine leishmaniosis in south america. | abstract : canine leishmaniosis is widespread in south america, where a number of leishmania species have been isolated or molecularly characterised from dogs. most cases of canine leishmaniosis are caused by leishmania infantum (syn. leishmania chagasi) and leishmania braziliensis. the only well-established vector of leishmania parasites to dogs in south america is lutzomyia longipalpis, the main vector of l. infantum, but many other phlebotomine sandfly species might be involved. for quite som ... | 2009 | 19426440 |
| [serological evaluation for detection of anti-leishmania antibodies in dogs and cats in the district of santa rita de cássia, municipality of barra mansa, state of rio de janeiro]. | from a canine case of american cutaneous leishmaniasis in the locality of santa rita de cássia, municipality of barra mansa, rio de janeiro, a serological survey was performed on 177 dogs and 43 cats. evaluation of the canine serum samples showed that 10% had a positive reaction in the indirect immunofluorescence test and 10.7% in the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. among the feline serum samples tested, none of the animals had a positive reaction in the indirect immunofluorescence test and o ... | 2009 | 19448930 |
| mucosal leishmaniasis: description of case management approaches and analysis of risk factors for treatment failure in a cohort of 140 patients in brazil. | mucosal leishmaniasis is caused mainly by leishmania braziliensis and it occurs months or years after cutaneous lesions. this progressive disease destroys cartilages and osseous structures from face, pharynx and larynx. | 2009 | 19453817 |
| comparative study of amplification systems in immunoenzyme assays for the diagnosis of american tegumentary leishmaniasis. | we compared the accuracy and reliability of three amplification systems for enzyme immunoassays in the detection of specific igg antibodies for the diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by leishmania (viannia) braziliensis in patients from an endemic area in rio de janeiro, brazil. partially soluble antigens obtained from the promastigote forms of l. (v.) braziliensis were used. for development of the reaction, two chromogens, 1,2-orthophenylenediamine (opd) and 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzid ... | 2009 | 19455633 |