| excessive sulfur supply reduces cadmium accumulation in brown rice (oryza sativa l.). | human activities have resulted in cadmium (cd) and sulfur (s) accumulation in paddy soils in parts of southern china. a combined soil-sand pot experiment was conducted to investigate the influence of excessive s supply on iron plaque formation and cd accumulation in rice plants, using two cd levels (0, 1.5 mg kg(-1)) combined with three s concentrations (0, 60, 120 mg kg(-1)). the results showed that excessive s supply significantly decreased cd accumulation in brown rice due to the decrease of ... | 2010 | 19781829 |
| selective modification of rice (oryza sativa) gene expression by rice stripe virus infection. | rice stripe disease, caused by rice stripe virus (rsv), is one of the major virus diseases in east asia. rice plants infected with rsv usually show symptoms such as chlorosis, weakness, necrosis in newly emerged leaves and stunting. to reveal rice cellular systems influenced by rsv infection, temporal changes in the transcriptome of rsv-infected plants were monitored by a customized rice oligoarray system. the transcriptome changes in rsv-infected plants indicated that protein-synthesis machiner ... | 2010 | 19793907 |
| proteome analysis of probenazole-effect in rice-bacterial blight interactions. | to study the effect of probenazole on the induced systemic resistance mechanism of rice-bacterial interaction, a proteomic approach was applied. oryza sativa cv. java 14 seedlings were treated with probenazole, followed by inoculation with compatible (xo7435) and incompatible (t7174) races of xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. cytosolic proteins were fractionated from leaf blades, separated by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. pathogenesis-related protein 5 (pr5) was significantly ... | 2009 | 19799551 |
| replication protein a (rpa1a) is required for meiotic and somatic dna repair but is dispensable for dna replication and homologous recombination in rice. | replication protein a (rpa), a highly conserved single-stranded dna-binding protein in eukaryotes, is a stable complex comprising three subunits termed rpa1, rpa2, and rpa3. rpa is required for multiple processes in dna metabolism such as replication, repair, and homologous recombination in yeast (saccharomyces cerevisiae) and human. most eukaryotic organisms, including fungi, insects, and vertebrates, have only a single rpa gene that encodes each rpa subunit. arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana) ... | 2009 | 19812186 |
| physiological and molecular changes in oryza meridionalis ng., a heat-tolerant species of wild rice. | oryza meridionalis ng. is a wild relative of oryza sativa l. found throughout northern australia where temperatures regularly exceed 35 degrees c in the monsoon growing season. heat tolerance in o. meridionalis was established by comparing leaf elongation and photosynthetic rates at 45 degrees c with plants maintained at 27 degrees c. by comparison with o. sativa ssp. japonica cv. amaroo, o. meridionalis was heat tolerant. elongation rates of the third leaf of o. meridionalis declined by 47% ove ... | 2010 | 19819927 |
| analysis of cmp-sialic acid transporter-like proteins in plants. | it is commonly accepted that sialic acids do not exist in plants. however, putative gene homologs of animal sialyltransferases and cmp-sialic acid transporters have been detected in the genomes of some plants. to elucidate the physiological functions of these genes, we cloned 2 cdnas from oryza sativa (japanese rice), each of which encodes a cmp-sialic acid transporter-like protein designated as oscstlp1 and oscstlp2. to examine the cmp-sialic acid transporter activity of oscstlp1 and oscstlp2, ... | 2009 | 19822337 |
| searching for new clues about the molecular cause of endomyocardial fibrosis by way of in silico proteomics and analytical chemistry. | endomyocardial fibrosis (emf) -is a chronic inflammatory disease of the heart with related pathology to that of late stage chaga's disease. indeed, both diseases are thought to result from auto-immune responses against myocardial tissue. as is the case that molecular mimicry between the acidic termini of trypanosoma cruzi ribosomal p0, p1 and p2beta (or simply tcp0, tcp1, and tcp2beta) proteins and myocardial tissue causes chaga's disease, excessive exposure to certain infections, toxins includi ... | 2009 | 19823676 |
| spl28 encodes a clathrin-associated adaptor protein complex 1, medium subunit micro 1 (ap1m1) and is responsible for spotted leaf and early senescence in rice (oryza sativa). | to expand our understanding of cell death in plant defense responses, we isolated a novel rice (oryza sativa) spotted leaf mutant (spl28) that displays a lesion mimic phenotype in the absence of pathogen attack through treatment of hwacheongbyeo (an elite korean japonica cultivar) with n-methyl-n-nitrosourea (mnu). early stage development of the spl28 mutant was normal. however, after flowering, spl28 mutants exhibited a significant decrease in chlorophyll content, soluble protein content, and p ... | 2010 | 19825016 |
| comparative genomic study of the thioredoxin family in photosynthetic organisms with emphasis on populus trichocarpa. | the recent genome sequencing of populus trichocarpa and vitis vinifera, two models of woody plants, of sorghum bicolor, a model of monocot using c4 metabolism, and of the moss physcomitrella patens, together with the availability of photosynthetic organism genomes allows performance of a comparative genomic study with organisms having different ways of life, reproduction modes, biological traits, and physiologies. thioredoxins (trxs) are small ubiquitous proteins involved in the reduction of dis ... | 2009 | 19825616 |
| analysis of peroxidase activity of rice (oryza sativa) recombinant hemoglobin 1: implications for in vivo function of hexacoordinate non-symbiotic hemoglobins in plants. | in plants, it has been proposed that hexacoordinate (class 1) non-symbiotic hbs (nshb-1) function in vivo as peroxidases. however, little is known about peroxidase activity of nshb-1. we evaluated the peroxidase activity of rice recombinant hb1 (a nshb-1) by using the guaiacol/h2o2 system at ph 6.0 and compared it to that from horseradish peroxidase (hrp). results showed that the affinity of rice hb1 for h2o2 was 86-times lower than that of hrp (k(m)=23.3 and 0.27 mm, respectively) and that the ... | 2010 | 19833360 |
| fon2 spare1 redundantly regulates floral meristem maintenance with floral organ number2 in rice. | clavata signaling restricts stem cell identity in the shoot apical meristem (sam) in arabidopsis thaliana. in rice (oryza sativa), floral organ number2 (fon2), closely related to clv3, is involved as a signaling molecule in a similar pathway to negatively regulate stem cell proliferation in the floral meristem (fm). here we show that the fon2 spare1 (fos1) gene encoding a cle protein functions along with fon2 in maintenance of the fm. in addition, fos1 appears to be involved in maintenance of th ... | 2009 | 19834537 |
| molecular characterization of ospap2: transgenic expression of a purple acid phosphatase up-regulated in phosphate-deprived rice suspension cells. | a phosphate starvation-induced, purple, acid phosphatase cdna was cloned from rice, oryza sativa. the cdna encoding the phosphatase (ospap2) has 1,893 bp with an open reading frame of 630 amino acid residues. the deduced amino acid sequence of ospap2 shows identities of 60-63% with other plant purple acid phosphatases and appears to have five conserved motifs containing the residues involved in metal binding. ospap2 expression is up-regulated in the rice plant and in cell cultures in the absence ... | 2010 | 19838636 |
| a universal core genetic map for rice. | to facilitate the creation of easily comparable, low-resolution genetic maps with evenly distributed markers in rice (oryza sativa l.), we conceived of and developed a universal core genetic map (ucgm). with this aim, we derived a set of 165 anchors, representing clusters of three microsatellite or simple sequence repeat (ssr) markers arranged into non-recombining groups. each anchor consists of at least three, closely linked ssrs, located within a distance below the genetic resolution provided ... | 2010 | 19847389 |
| transcript-based cloning of rrp46, a regulator of rrna processing and r gene-independent cell death in barley-powdery mildew interactions. | programmed cell death (pcd) plays a pivotal role in plant development and defense. to investigate the interaction between pcd and r gene-mediated defense, we used the 22k barley1 genechip to compare and contrast time-course expression profiles of blumeria graminis f. sp hordei (bgh) challenged barley (hordeum vulgare) cultivar c.i. 16151 (harboring the mla6 powdery mildew resistance allele) and its fast neutron-derived bgh-induced tip cell death1 mutant, bcd1. mixed linear model analysis identif ... | 2009 | 19861556 |
| grain unloading of arsenic species in rice. | rice (oryza sativa) is the staple food for over half the world's population yet may represent a significant dietary source of inorganic arsenic (as), a nonthreshold, class 1 human carcinogen. rice grain as is dominated by the inorganic species, and the organic species dimethylarsinic acid (dma). to investigate how as species are unloaded into grain rice, panicles were excised during grain filling and hydroponically pulsed with arsenite, arsenate, glutathione-complexed as, or dma. total as concen ... | 2010 | 19880610 |
| a zinc finger transcription factor art1 regulates multiple genes implicated in aluminum tolerance in rice. | aluminum (al) toxicity is the major limiting factor of crop production on acid soils, but some plant species have evolved ways of detoxifying al. here, we report a c2h2-type zinc finger transcription factor art1 (for al resistance transcription factor 1), which specifically regulates the expression of genes related to al tolerance in rice (oryza sativa). art1 is constitutively expressed in the root, and the expression level is not affected by al treatment. art1 is localized in the nucleus of all ... | 2009 | 19880795 |
| impacts of seeding rate on interactions between rice and rice water weevils. | the rice water weevil, lissorhoptrus oryzophilus kuschel, is the most widely distributed and destructive early season insect pest of rice, oryza sativa l., in the united states. economic losses result primarily from feeding by the larval stage of this insect on the roots of flooded rice plants. prior studies suggest that infestations of rice water weevil larvae are more severe at low plant densities. moreover, because feeding by the rice water weevil reduces rice plant tillering, a process parti ... | 2009 | 19886448 |
| differential sodium and potassium transport selectivities of the rice oshkt2;1 and oshkt2;2 transporters in plant cells. | na(+) and k(+) homeostasis are crucial for plant growth and development. two hkt transporter/channel classes have been characterized that mediate either na(+) transport or na(+) and k(+) transport when expressed in xenopus laevis oocytes and yeast. however, the na(+)/k(+) selectivities of the k(+)-permeable hkt transporters have not yet been studied in plant cells. one study expressing 5' untranslated region-modified hkt constructs in yeast has questioned the relevance of cation selectivities fo ... | 2010 | 19889878 |
| role of hydroperoxide lyase in white-backed planthopper (sogatella furcifera horváth)-induced resistance to bacterial blight in rice, oryza sativa l. | a pre-infestation of the white-backed planthopper (wbph), sogatella furcifera horváth, conferred resistance to bacterial blight caused by xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (xoo) in rice (oryza sativa l.) under both laboratory and field conditions. the infestation of another planthopper species, the brown planthopper (bph) nilaparvata lugens stål, did not significantly reduce the incidence of bacterial blight symptoms. a large-scale screening using a rice dna microarray and quantitative rt-pcr reveal ... | 2010 | 19891707 |
| characterization of the arabidopsis thaliana exocyst complex gene families by phylogenetic, expression profiling, and subcellular localization studies. | *the exocyst is a complex of eight proteins (sec3p, sec5p, sec6p, sec8p, sec10p, sec15p, exo70p and exo84p) involved in tethering vesicles to the plasma membrane during regulated or polarized secretion. here, the plant exocyst complex was explored in phylogenetic, expression, and subcellular localization studies. *evolutionary relationships of predicted exocyst subunits were examined in the complete genomes of arabidopsis thaliana, oryza sativa, populus trichocarpa and physcomitrella patens. fur ... | 2010 | 19895414 |
| the arabidopsis tandem zinc finger protein attzf1 traffics between the nucleus and cytoplasmic foci and binds both dna and rna. | processing bodies (pbs) are specialized cytoplasmic foci where mrna turnover and translational repression can take place. stress granules are related cytoplasmic foci. the ccch tandem zinc finger proteins (tzfs) play pivotal roles in gene expression, cell fate specification, and various developmental processes. human tzf binds au-rich elements at the 3' untranslated region and recruits decapping, deadenylation, and exonucleolytic enzymes to pbs for rna turnover. recent genetic studies indicate t ... | 2010 | 19897605 |
| the classification and nomenclature of endogenous viruses of the family caulimoviridae. | endogenous members of the family caulimoviridae have now been found in the genomes of many plant species. although these sequences are usually fragmented and rearranged and show varying degrees of decay, the genomes of the ancestral viruses can often be reassembled in silico, allowing classification within the existing viral taxonomic framework. in this paper, we describe analyses of endogenous members of the family caulimoviridae in the genomes of oryza sativa, nicotiana tabacum and solanum spp ... | 2010 | 19898772 |
| rice osacdr1 (oryza sativa accelerated cell death and resistance 1) is a potential positive regulator of fungal disease resistance. | rice oryza sativa accelerated cell death and resistance 1 (osacdr1) encodes a putative raf-like mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase (mapkkk). we had previously reported upregulation of the osacdr1 transcript by a range of environmental stimuli involved in eliciting defense-related pathways. here we apply biochemical, gain and loss-of-function approaches to characterize osacdr1 function in rice. the osacdr1 protein showed autophosphorylation and possessed kinase activity. rice plants o ... | 2009 | 19904499 |
| isolation, identification and characterization of soil microbes which degrade phenolic allelochemicals. | to isolate and characterize microbes in the soils containing high contents of phenolics and to dissolve the allelopathic inhibition of plants through microbial degradation. | 2010 | 19912433 |
| osku70 is associated with developmental growth and genome stability in rice. | the cellular functions of ku70 in repair of dna double-stranded breaks and telomere regulation have been described in a wide range of organisms. in this study, we identified the rice (oryza sativa) ku70 homolog (osku70) from the rice genome database. osku70 transcript was detected constitutively in every tissue and developmental stage examined and also in undifferentiated callus cells in rice. yeast two-hybrid and in vitro pull-down experiments revealed that osku70 physically interacts with osku ... | 2010 | 19923234 |
| physicochemical and genetic analysis of an endemic rice variety, njavara (oryza sativa l.), in comparison to two popular south indian cultivars, jyothi (ptb 39) and ir 64. | njavara is a medicinal rice strain, endemic to kerala, south india, bestowed with medicinal qualities. genetic variations and some of the physicochemical properties were studied using standard molecular protocols and compared with those of nonmedicinal rice varieties: jyothi and ir 64. njavara showed 11 unique positive and 36 unique negative markers to differentiate it from jyothi and ir 64. genetic similarity coefficient studies showed two well-defined clusters separating njavara from jyothi an ... | 2009 | 19924858 |
| in plants, expression breadth and expression level distinctly and non-linearly correlate with gene structure. | compactness of highly/broadly expressed genes in human has been explained as selection for efficiency, regional mutation biases or genomic design. however, highly expressed genes in flowering plants were shown to be less compact than lowly expressed ones. on the other hand, opposite facts have also been documented that pollen-expressed arabidopsis genes tend to contain shorter introns and highly expressed moss genes are compact. this issue is important because it provides a chance to compare the ... | 2009 | 19930585 |
| knock-down of osdcl2 in rice negatively affects maintenance of the endogenous dsrna virus, oryza sativa endornavirus. | an endogenous double-stranded rna (dsrna), which has recently been recognized as the dsrna virus oryza sativa endornavirus (osev), is found in many strains of cultivated rice (oryza sativa). small rnas derived from osev dsrna were detected, indicating that the rna silencing machinery recognizes osev dsrna. the existence of osev in knock-down (kd) lines of five genes of rna-dependent rna polymerase (osrdr1-osrdr5) or two genes of dicer-like protein (osdcl2 or osdcl3a) was examined to characterize ... | 2010 | 19933266 |
| the syncytium-specific expression of the orysa;krp3 cdk inhibitor: implication of its involvement in the cell cycle control in the rice (oryza sativa l.) syncytial endosperm. | during rice (oryza sativa l.) seed development, the primary endosperm nucleus undergoes a series of divisions without cytokinesis, producing a multinucleate cell, known as a syncytium. after several rounds of rapid nuclear proliferation, the syncytium ceases to undergo mitosis; thereafter, the syncytium is partitioned into individual cells by a specific type of cytokinesis called cellularization. the transition between syncytium and cellularization is important in determining the final seed size ... | 2010 | 19933315 |
| pericarp color and haplotype diversity in weedy rice (o. sativa f. spontanea) from thailand. | weedy rice (oryza sativa f. spontanea) is an important resource for breeding and evolutionary studies. the present study was carried out to identify the genotype of weedy rice strains responsible for variation of pericarp color by sequencing exon 6 of the rc gene. haplotype analysis revealed that rice strains with light red- and red-pericarp lacked the 14 bp deletion in the rc gene, while rice strains with white-, brown and light green-pericarp contained the 14 bp deletion. a single nucleotide p ... | 2009 | 19943464 |
| assessing the arsenic-contaminated rice (oryza sativa) associated children skin lesions. | the purpose of this study was to assess the potential risk of children skin lesions from arsenic-contaminated rice (oryza sativa) consumption in west bengal (india). published age- and gender-specific skin lesions data in west bengal were reanalyzed and incorporated into a weibull dose-response model to predict children skin lesion prevalence. monomethylarsonous acid (mma(iii)) levels in urine was used as a biomarker that could be predicted from a human physiologically based pharmacokinetic (pbp ... | 2010 | 19945215 |
| fine mapping of a gene causing hybrid pollen sterility between yunnan weedy rice and cultivated rice (oryza sativa l.) and phylogenetic analysis of yunnan weedy rice. | weedy rice represents an important resource for rice improvement. the f(1) hybrid between the japonica wide compatibility rice cultivar 02428 and a weedy rice accession from yunnan province (sw china) suffered from pollen sterility. pollen abortion in the hybrid occurred at the early bicellular pollen stage, as a result of mitotic failure in the microspore, although the tapetum developed normally. genetic mapping in a bc(1)f(1) population (02428//yunnan weedy rice (ywr)/02428) showed that a majo ... | 2010 | 19946705 |
| single nucleotide polymorphisms in a gene for translation initiation factor (eif4g) of rice (oryza sativa) associated with resistance to rice tungro spherical virus. | rice tungro disease (rtd) is a serious constraint to rice production in south and southeast asia. rtd is caused by rice tungro spherical virus (rtsv) and rice tungro bacilliform virus. rice cv. utri merah is resistant to rtsv. to identify the gene or genes involved in rtsv resistance, the association of genotypic and phenotypic variations for rtsv resistance was examined in backcross populations derived from utri merah and rice germplasm with known rtsv resistance. genetic analysis revealed that ... | 2010 | 19958136 |
| reactive oxygen species are involved in plant defense against a gall midge. | reactive oxygen species (ros) play a major role in plant defense against pathogens, but evidence for their role in defense against insects is still preliminary and inconsistent. in this study, we examined the potential role of ros in defense of wheat (triticum aestivum) and rice (oryza sativa) against hessian fly (mayetiola destructor) larvae. rapid and prolonged accumulation of hydrogen peroxide (h(2)o(2)) was detected in wheat plants at the attack site during incompatible interactions. increas ... | 2010 | 19965963 |
| effects of colonization of a bacterial endophyte, azospirillum sp. b510, on disease resistance in rice. | agriculturally important grasses contain numerous diazotrophic bacteria, the interactions of which are speculated to have some other benefits to the host plants. in this study, we analyzed the effects of a bacterial endophyte, azospirillum sp. b510, on disease resistance in host rice plants. rice plants (oryza sativa cv. nipponbare) were inoculated with b510 exhibited enhanced resistance against diseases caused by the virulent rice blast fungus magnaporthe oryzae and by the virulent bacterial pa ... | 2009 | 19966496 |
| a rare sugar, d-allose, confers resistance to rice bacterial blight with upregulation of defense-related genes in oryza sativa. | we investigated responses of rice plant to three rare sugars, d-altrose, d-sorbose, and d-allose, due to establishment of mass production methods for these rare sugars. root growth and shoot growth were significantly inhibited by d-allose but not by the other rare sugars. a large-scale gene expression analysis using a rice microarray revealed that d-allose treatment causes a high upregulation of many defense-related, pathogenesis-related (pr) protein genes in rice. the pr protein genes were not ... | 2010 | 19968553 |
| structural differences among alkali-soluble arabinoxylans from maize (zea mays), rice (oryza sativa), and wheat (triticum aestivum) brans influence human fecal fermentation profiles. | human fecal fermentation profiles of maize, rice, and wheat bran and their dietary fiber fractions released by alkaline-hydrogen peroxide treatment (principally arabinoxylan) were obtained with the aim of identifying and characterizing fractions associated with high production of short chain fatty acids and a linear fermentation profile for possible application as a slowly fermentable dietary fiber. the alkali-soluble fraction from maize bran resulted in the highest short chain fatty acid produc ... | 2010 | 20000566 |
| the role of casein kinase ii in flowering time regulation has diversified during evolution. | casein kinase ii (ck2) is a protein kinase with an evolutionarily conserved function as a circadian clock component in several organisms, including the long-day plant arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana). the circadian clock component circadian clock associated1 (cca1) is a ck2 target in arabidopsis, where it influences photoperiodic flowering. in rice (oryza sativa), a short-day plant, heading date6 (hd6) encodes a ck2alpha subunit that delays flowering time under long-day conditions. here, we de ... | 2010 | 20007447 |
| antagonistic hlh/bhlh transcription factors mediate brassinosteroid regulation of cell elongation and plant development in rice and arabidopsis. | in rice (oryza sativa), brassinosteroids (brs) induce cell elongation at the adaxial side of the lamina joint to promote leaf bending. we identified a rice mutant (ili1-d) showing an increased lamina inclination phenotype similar to that caused by br treatment. the ili1-d mutant overexpresses an hlh protein homologous to arabidopsis thaliana paclobutrazol resistance1 (pre1) and the human inhibitor of dna binding proteins. overexpression and rna interference suppression of ili1 increase and reduc ... | 2009 | 20009022 |
| characterization of interspecific hybrids and backcross progenies from a cross between oryza minuta and oryza sativa. | oryza minuta, a tetraploid wild relative of cultivated rice, is an important source for the genetic improvement. interspecific hybrids were obtained from the cross of o. sativa l. (ir24) and o. minuta (acc. no. 101133) with 5.58% crossability, which ranged from 0.11% to 1.62% in the backcross generations. the chromosome numbers of the backcross progenies were 24 to 48. seven yield-related traits of the parents, hybrid f(1), and backcross progenies were evaluated. simple sequence repeat markers a ... | 2009 | 20016972 |
| orthologs of the class a4 heat shock transcription factor hsfa4a confer cadmium tolerance in wheat and rice. | cadmium (cd) is a widespread soil pollutant; thus, the underlying molecular controls of plant cd tolerance are of substantial interest. a screen for wheat (triticum aestivum) genes that confer cd tolerance to a cd hypersensitive yeast strain identified heat shock transcription factor a4a (hsfa4a). ta hsfa4a is most similar to the class a4 hsfs from monocots. the most closely related rice (oryza sativa) homolog, os hsfa4a, conferred cd tolerance in yeast, as did ta hsfa4a, but the second most clo ... | 2009 | 20028842 |
| development and application of gene-based markers for the major rice qtl phosphorus uptake 1. | marker-assisted breeding is a very useful tool for breeders but still lags behind its potential because information on the effect of quantitative trait loci (qtls) in different genetic backgrounds and ideal molecular markers are unavailable. here, we report on some first steps toward the validation and application of the major rice qtl phosphate uptake 1 (pup1) that confers tolerance of phosphorus (p) deficiency in rice (oryza sativa l.). based on the pup1 genomic sequence of the tolerant donor ... | 2010 | 20035315 |
| apc-targeted raa1 degradation mediates the cell cycle and root development in plants. | protein degradation by the ubiquitin-proteasome system is necessary for a normal cell cycle. as compared with knowledge of the mechanism in animals and yeast, that in plants is less known. here we summarize research into the regulatory mechanism of protein degradation in the cell cycle in plants. anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (apc), in the e3 family of enzymes, plays an important role in maintaining normal mitosis. apc activation and substrate specificity is determined by its activators, ... | 2010 | 20037474 |
| identity, diversity, and molecular phylogeny of the endophytic mycobiota in the roots of rare wild rice (oryza granulate) from a nature reserve in yunnan, china. | rice (oryza sativa l.) is, on a global scale, one of the most important food crops. although endophytic fungi and bacteria associated with rice have been investigated, little is known about the endophytic fungi of wild rice (oryza granulate) in china. here we studied the root endophytic mycobiota residing in roots of o. granulate by the use of an integrated approach consisting of microscopy, cultivation, ecological indices, and direct pcr. microscopy confirmed the ubiquitousness of dark septate ... | 2010 | 20038691 |
| cadmium content of commercial and contaminated rice, oryza sativa, in thailand and potential health implications. | thailand is the number one global exporter and among the top five producers of rice in the world. a significant increase in anthropogenic contamination in agricultural soils over the past few decades has lead to concerns with cadmium and its uptake in rice. the cadmium levels in thai rice from different sources/areas were determined and used to estimate the potential health risks to consumers. the cadmium concentration in the commercial rice samples ranged from below the detection limit to 0.016 ... | 2010 | 20039016 |
| the bzip transcription factor osabf1 is an aba responsive element binding factor that enhances abiotic stress signaling in rice. | a number of basic leucine zipper (bzip) transcription factors are known to function in stress signaling in plants but few have thus far been functionally characterized in rice. in our current study in rice, we have newly isolated and characterized the osabf1 (oryza sativa aba responsive element binding factor 1) gene that encodes a bzip transcription factor. its expression in seedling shoots and roots was found to be induced by various abiotic stress treatments such as anoxia, salinity, drought, ... | 2010 | 20039193 |
| arsenic accumulation and phosphorus status in two rice (oryza sativa l.) cultivars surveyed from fields in south china. | the consumption of paddy rice (oryza sativa l.) is a major inorganic arsenic exposure pathway in s.e. asia. a multi-location survey was undertaken in guangdong province, south china to assess arsenic accumulation and speciation in 2 rice cultivars, one an indica and the other a hybrid indica. the results showed that arsenic concentrations in rice tissue increased in the order grain < husk < straw < root. rice grain arsenic content of 2 rice cultivars was significant different and correlated with ... | 2010 | 20045585 |
| complete genomic structure of the cultivated rice endophyte azospirillum sp. b510. | we determined the nucleotide sequence of the entire genome of a diazotrophic endophyte, azospirillum sp. b510. strain b510 is an endophytic bacterium isolated from stems of rice plants (oryza sativa cv. nipponbare). the genome of b510 consisted of a single chromosome (3,311,395 bp) and six plasmids, designated as pab510a (1,455,109 bp), pab510b (723,779 bp), pab510c (681,723 bp), pab510d (628,837 bp), pab510e (537,299 bp), and pab510f (261,596 bp). the chromosome bears 2893 potential protein-enc ... | 2010 | 20047946 |
| presence of three mycorrhizal genes in the common ancestor of land plants suggests a key role of mycorrhizas in the colonization of land by plants. | *the colonization of land by plants fundamentally altered environmental conditions on earth. plant-mycorrhizal fungus symbiosis likely played a key role in this process by assisting plants to absorb water and nutrients from soil. *here, in a diverse set of land plants, we investigated the evolutionary histories and functional conservation of three genes required for mycorrhiza formation in legumes and rice (oryza sativa), dmi1, dmi3 and ipd3. *the genes were isolated from nearly all major plant ... | 2010 | 20059702 |
| identification of a rice stripe necrosis virus resistance locus and yield component qtls using oryza sativa x o. glaberrima introgression lines. | developing new population types based on interspecific introgressions has been suggested by several authors to facilitate the discovery of novel allelic sources for traits of agronomic importance. chromosome segment substitution lines from interspecific crosses represent a powerful and useful genetic resource for qtl detection and breeding programs. | 2010 | 20064202 |
| agricultural wetlands as potential hotspots for mercury bioaccumulation: experimental evidence using caged fish. | wetlands provide numerous ecosystem services, but also can be sources of methylmercury (mehg) production and export. rice agricultural wetlands in particular may be important sites for mehg bioaccumulation due to their worldwide ubiquity, periodic flooding schedules, and high use by wildlife. we assessed mehg bioaccumulation within agricultural and perennial wetlands common to california's central valley during summer, when the majority of wetland habitats are shallowly flooded rice fields. we i ... | 2010 | 20067279 |
| cytochrome p450 family member cyp704b2 catalyzes the {omega}-hydroxylation of fatty acids and is required for anther cutin biosynthesis and pollen exine formation in rice. | the anther cuticle and microspore exine act as protective barriers for the male gametophyte and pollen grain, but relatively little is known about the mechanisms underlying the biosynthesis of the monomers of which they are composed. we report here the isolation and characterization of a rice (oryza sativa) male sterile mutant, cyp704b2, which exhibits a swollen sporophytic tapetal layer, aborted pollen grains without detectable exine, and undeveloped anther cuticle. in addition, chemical compos ... | 2010 | 20086189 |
| zinc finger-containing glycine-rich rna-binding protein in oryza sativa has an rna chaperone activity under cold stress conditions. | the rice (oryza sativa) genome harbours three genes encoding cyscyshiscys (cchc)-type zinc finger-containing glycine-rich rna-binding proteins, designated osrz proteins, but their importance and physiological functions remain largely unknown. here, the stress-responsive expression patterns of osrzs were assessed, and the biological and cellular functions of osrzs were evaluated under low temperature conditions. the expression levels of the three osrzs were up-regulated by cold stress, whereas dr ... | 2010 | 20088860 |
| a candidate gene osapc6 of anaphase-promoting complex of rice identified through t-dna insertion. | a dwarf mutant (oryza sativa anaphase-promoting complex 6 (osapc6)) of rice cultivar basmati 370 with 50% reduced plant height as compared to the wild type was isolated by agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation using hm(r) ds cassette. this mutant was found to be insensitive to exogenous gibberellic acid (ga(3)) application. homozygous mutant plants showed incomplete penetrance and variable expressivity for plant height and pleiotropic effects including gibberellic acid insensitivity, ... | 2010 | 20091079 |
| abscisic acid-induced resistance against the brown spot pathogen cochliobolus miyabeanus in rice involves map kinase-mediated repression of ethylene signaling. | the plant hormone abscisic acid (aba) is involved in an array of plant processes, including the regulation of gene expression during adaptive responses to various environmental cues. apart from its well-established role in abiotic stress adaptation, emerging evidence indicates that aba is also prominently involved in the regulation and integration of pathogen defense responses. here, we demonstrate that exogenously administered aba enhances basal resistance of rice (oryza sativa) against the bro ... | 2010 | 20130100 |
| virulence analysis and gene expression profiling of the pigment-deficient mutant of xanthomonas oryzae pathovar oryzae. | xanthomonas oryzae pathovar oryzae (xoo) causes bacterial blight disease in rice (oryza sativa l.). for a study of function, we constructed a random insertion mutant library of xoo using a tn5 transposon and isolated the mutant strain (m11; arok::tn5) that had extremely low pigment production. in addition, m11 had decreased virulence against the susceptible rice cultivar ir24. thermal asymmetric interlaced-pcr and sequence analysis of m11 revealed that the transposon was inserted into the arok g ... | 2009 | 20132309 |
| gene cloning, bacterial expression, and purification of a novel rice (oryza sativa l.) ubiquitin-related protein, rurm1. | a rice ubiquitin-related modifier-1 (rurm1) gene was cloned and transformed in escherichia coli. we successfully expressed the rurm1 protein as a glutathione s-transferase (gst)-fusion protein by cultivating the e. coli cells at 16 degrees c for 16 h. after cleavage of gst, we obtained a single protein of 12 kda. this protein was identified as the rurm1 protein by western blot analysis. | 2010 | 20139593 |
| effect of anthocyanin-rich extract from black rice (oryza sativa l. japonica) on chronically alcohol-induced liver damage in rats. | the study evaluated the protective effect of anthocyanin-rich extract from black rice (aebr) on chronic ethanol-induced biochemical changes in male wistar rats. administration of ethanol (3.7 g/kg/day) to wistar rats for 45 days induced liver damage with a significant increase (p < 0.05) of aspartate transaminase (ast), alanine transaminase (alt), gamma glutamyl transferase (ggt) in the serum and the hepatic malondialdehyde (mda) level. in contrast, administration of aebr (500 mg/kg) along with ... | 2010 | 20143824 |
| the role of the rice aquaporin lsi1 in arsenite efflux from roots. | *when supplied with arsenate (as(v)), plant roots extrude a substantial amount of arsenite (as(iii)) to the external medium through as yet unidentified pathways. the rice (oryza sativa) silicon transporter lsi1 (osnip2;1, an aquaporin channel) is the major entry route of arsenite into rice roots. whether lsi1 also mediates arsenite efflux was investigated. *expression of lsi1 in xenopus laevis oocytes enhanced arsenite efflux, indicating that lsi1 facilitates arsenite transport bidirectionally. ... | 2010 | 20163552 |
| variations in heavy metal accumulation, growth and yield of rice plants grown at different sewage sludge amendment rates. | use of sewage sludge in agriculture is an alternative disposal technique for this waste. the present field study was conducted to assess the suitability of sewage sludge amendment in soil for rice (oryza sativa l. cv. pusa sugandha 3) by evaluating the heavy metal accumulation, growth, biomass and yield responses of plants grown at 0, 3, 4.5, 6, 9, 12 kgm(-2) sewage sludge amendment (ssa) rate. sewage sludge amendment modified the physico-chemical properties of soil, thus increasing the availabi ... | 2010 | 20163857 |
| massive gene losses in asian cultivated rice unveiled by comparative genome analysis. | rice is one of the most important food crops in the world. with increasing world demand for food crops, there is an urgent need to develop new cultivars that have enhanced performance with regard to yield, disease resistance, and so on. wild rice is expected to provide useful genetic resources that could improve the present cultivated species. however, the quantity and quality of these unexplored resources remain unclear. recent accumulation of the genomic information of both cultivated and wild ... | 2010 | 20167122 |
| functional role of rice germin-like protein1 in regulation of plant height and disease resistance. | the functional role of rice (oryza sativa) germin-like protein1 (osglp1) was elucidated through development of transgenic plants involving endogenous gene silencing in rice and heterologous gene expression in tobacco. usually, the single copy osglp1 gene in rice plant was found to be expressed predominantly in green vegetative tissues. the transgenic rice lines showed significant reduction in endogenous osglp1 expression due to 26nt sirna-mediated gene silencing, displayed semi-dwarfism and were ... | 2010 | 20188068 |
| identification of a second major resistance gene to rice yellow mottle virus, rymv2, in the african cultivated rice species, o. glaberrima. | rice yellow mottle virus (rymv) is the most damaging rice-infecting virus in africa. however, few sources of high resistance and only a single major resistance gene, rymv1, are known to date. we screened a large representative collection of african cultivated rice (oryza glaberrima) for rymv resistance. whereas high resistance is known to be very rare in asian cultivated rice (oryza sativa), we identified 29 (8%) highly resistant accessions in o. glaberrima. the mif4g domain of rymv1 was sequenc ... | 2010 | 20198467 |
| northern blotting techniques for small rnas. | in eukaryotes, rna silencing encompasses a range of biochemical processes mediated by approximately 20-25 nt small rnas (smrnas). this chapter describes northern blot hybridization techniques optimized for detection of such smrnas, whether extracted from plant or animal tissues. the basic protocol is described, and control blots illustrate the detection specificity and sensitivity of this method using dna oligonucleotide probes. known endogenous smrnas are analyzed in samples prepared from sever ... | 2010 | 20204871 |
| expression, purification, crystallization and preliminary x-ray analysis of rice (oryza sativa l.) os4bglu12 beta-glucosidase. | rice (oryza sativa l.) os4bglu12, a glycoside hydrolase family 1 beta-glucosidase (ec 3.2.1.21), was expressed as a fusion protein with an n-terminal thioredoxin/his(6) tag in escherichia coli strain origami b (de3) and purified with subsequent removal of the n-terminal tag. native os4bglu12 and its complex with 2,4-dinitrophenyl-2-deoxy-2-fluoro-beta-d-glucopyranoside (dnp2fg) were crystallized using 19% polyethylene glycol (3350 or 2000, respectively) in 0.1 m tris-hcl ph 8.5, 0.16 m nacl at 2 ... | 2010 | 20208171 |
| the arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis enhances the photosynthetic efficiency and the antioxidative response of rice plants subjected to drought stress. | rice (oryza sativa) is the most important crop for human consumption, providing staple food for more than half of the world's population. rice is conventionally grown under flooded conditions for most of its growing cycle. however, about half of the rice area in the world does not have sufficient water to maintain optimal growing conditions and yield is reduced by drought. one possible way to increase rice production in order to meet the rice demand is to improve its drought tolerance by means o ... | 2010 | 20227134 |
| light-induced activation of class ii cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer photolyases. | light-induced activation of class ii cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer (cpd) photolyases of arabidopsis thaliana and oryza sativa has been examined by uv/vis and pulsed davies-type electron-nuclear double resonance (endor) spectroscopy, and the results compared with structure-known class i enzymes, cpd photolyase and (6-4) photolyase. by endor spectroscopy, the local environment of the flavin adenine dinucleotide (fad) cofactor is probed by virtue of proton hyperfine couplings that report on the elec ... | 2010 | 20227927 |
| genetic control of phenotypic plasticity in asian cultivated and wild rice in response to nutrient and density changes. | phenotypic plasticity is an adaptive mechanism adopted by plants in response to environmental heterogeneity. cultivated and wild species adapt in contrasting environments; however, it is not well understood how genetic changes responsible for phenotypic plasticity were involved in crop evolution. we investigated the genetic control of phenotypic plasticity in asian cultivated (oryza sativa) and wild rice (o. rufipogon) under 5 environmental conditions (2 nutrient and 3 density levels). quantitat ... | 2010 | 20237598 |
| diel time-courses of leaf growth in monocot and dicot species: endogenous rhythms and temperature effects. | diel (24 h) leaf growth patterns were differently affected by temperature variations and the circadian clock in several plant species. in the monocotyledon zea mays, leaf elongation rate closely followed changes in temperature. in the dicotyledons nicotiana tabacum, ricinus communis, and flaveria bidentis, the effect of temperature regimes was less obvious and leaf growth exhibited a clear circadian oscillation. these differences were related neither to primary metabolism nor to altered carbohyd ... | 2010 | 20299442 |
| characterization of rice nucleotide sugar transporters capable of transporting udp-galactose and udp-glucose. | using the basic local alignment search tool (blast) algorithm to search the oryza sativa (japanese rice) nucleotide sequence databases with the arabidopsis thaliana udp-galactose transporter sequences as queries, we found a number of sequences encoding putative o. sativa udp-galactose transporters. from these, we cloned four putative udp-galactose transporters, designated osugt1, 2, 3 and 4, which exhibited high sequence similarity with arabidopsis thaliana udp-galactose transporters. osugt1, 2, ... | 2010 | 20305274 |
| heterologous expression and characterization of recombinant oscdr1, a rice aspartic proteinase involved in disease resistance. | the oryza sativa constitutive disease resistance 1 (oscdr1) gene product is an aspartic proteinase that has been implicated in disease resistance signaling. this apoplastic enzyme is a member of the group of 'atypical' plant aspartic proteinases. recombinant oscdr1 expressed in escherichia coli exhibited protease activity against succinylated-casein substrate. inactivating the enzyme through modification of an aspartate residue present in the deduced active site completely abolished its proteina ... | 2010 | 20347986 |
| alkylresorcinol synthases expressed in sorghum bicolor root hairs play an essential role in the biosynthesis of the allelopathic benzoquinone sorgoleone. | sorghum bicolor is considered to be an allelopathic crop species, producing phytotoxins such as the lipid benzoquinone sorgoleone, which likely accounts for many of the allelopathic properties of sorghum spp. current evidence suggests that sorgoleone biosynthesis occurs exclusively in root hair cells and involves the production of an alkylresorcinolic intermediate (5-[(z,z)-8',11',14'-pentadecatrienyl]resorcinol) derived from an unusual 16:3delta(9,12,15) fatty acyl-coa starter unit. this led to ... | 2010 | 20348430 |
| common genetic pathways regulate organ-specific infection-related development in the rice blast fungus. | magnaporthe oryzae is the most important fungal pathogen of rice (oryza sativa). under laboratory conditions, it is able to colonize both aerial and underground plant organs using different mechanisms. here, we characterize an infection-related development in m. oryzae produced on hydrophilic polystyrene (phil-ps) and on roots. we show that fungal spores develop preinvasive hyphae (pre-ih) from hyphopodia (root penetration structures) or germ tubes and that pre-ih also enter root cells. changes ... | 2010 | 20348434 |
| purification and properties of cysteine protease from rhizomes of curcuma longa (linn.). | turmeric rhizome (curcuma domestica linn.) contains proteases and has proteolytic activity. curcumin from turmeric rhizomes has been used for healing many ailments, including cancer. the purpose of this study was to purify turmeric protease and to research their biochemical characteristics [corrected]. | 2010 | 20355018 |
| regulation of microbe-associated molecular pattern-induced hypersensitive cell death, phytoalexin production, and defense gene expression by calcineurin b-like protein-interacting protein kinases, oscipk14/15, in rice cultured cells. | although cytosolic free ca(2+) mobilization induced by microbe/pathogen-associated molecular patterns is postulated to play a pivotal role in innate immunity in plants, the molecular links between ca(2+) and downstream defense responses still remain largely unknown. calcineurin b-like proteins (cbls) act as ca(2+) sensors to activate specific protein kinases, cbl-interacting protein kinases (cipks). we here identified two cipks, oscipk14 and oscipk15, rapidly induced by microbe-associated molecu ... | 2010 | 20357140 |
| genomic organization of plant aminopropyl transferases. | aminopropyl transferases like spermidine synthase (spds; ec 2.5.1.16), spermine synthase and thermospermine synthase (spms, tspms; ec 2.5.1.22) belong to a class of widely distributed enzymes that use decarboxylated s-adenosylmethionine as an aminopropyl donor and putrescine or spermidine as an amino acceptor to form in that order spermidine, spermine or thermospermine. we describe the analysis of plant genomic sequences encoding spds, spms, tspms and pmt (putrescine n-methyltransferase; ec 2.1. ... | 2010 | 20381365 |
| the sepallata-like gene osmads34 is required for rice inflorescence and spikelet development. | grass plants develop distinct inflorescences and spikelets that determine grain yields. however, the mechanisms underlying the specification of inflorescences and spikelets in grasses remain largely unknown. here, we report the biological role of one sepallata (sep)-like gene, osmads34, in controlling the development of inflorescences and spikelets in rice (oryza sativa). osmads34 encodes a mads box protein containing a short carboxyl terminus without transcriptional activation activity in yeast ... | 2010 | 20395452 |
| a new species of harpophora (magnaporthaceae) recovered from healthy wild rice (oryza granulata) roots, representing a novel member of a beneficial dark septate endophyte. | a survey of the endophytic fungal community of wild rice (oryza granulata) in china was conducted. two isolates recovered from healthy roots are assumed to be dark septate endophytes (dses). they are morphologically similar to species from the genus harpophora and are identified as a new species, harpophora oryzae, based on the molecular phylogeny and morphological characteristics. a neighbor-joining tree constructed from its-5.8s rrna gene regions reveals that h. oryzae forms a distinctive subc ... | 2010 | 20402786 |
| protocol: a simple gel-free method for snp genotyping using allele-specific primers in rice and other plant species. | abstract: | 2010 | 20409329 |
| actinoallomurus oryzae sp. nov., an endophytic actinomycete isolated from roots of a thai jasmine rice plant. | the novel strain gmku 370(t) was isolated from roots of a thai jasmine rice plant (oryza sativa l. 'kdml 105') collected from pathum thani rice research center, pathum thani province, thailand. a phylogenetic analysis based on 16s rrna gene sequences indicated that strain gmku 370(t) formed a distinct clade within the genus actinoallomurus. strain gmku 370(t) contained meso-diaminopimelic acid and lysine in the cell-wall peptidoglycan and galactose and madurose as whole-cell sugars. no mycolic a ... | 2011 | 20418407 |
| two solanesyl diphosphate synthases with different subcellular localizations and their respective physiological roles in oryza sativa. | long chain prenyl diphosphates are crucial biosynthetic precursors of ubiquinone (uq) in many organisms, ranging from bacteria to humans, as well as precursors of plastoquinone in photosynthetic organisms. the cloning and characterization of two solanesyl diphosphate synthase genes, ossps1 and ossps2, in oryza sativa is reported here. ossps1 was highly expressed in root tissue whereas ossps2 was found to be high in both leaves and roots. enzymatic characterization using recombinant proteins show ... | 2010 | 20421194 |
| new regulator for energy signaling pathway in plants highlights conservation among species. | the "low-energy checkpoint" snf1-related protein kinases, which are conserved in all eukaryotes, play an important role in cellular metabolic adaptation to differences in energy and oxygen availability. although the signaling pathways involved in such metabolic adaptations are well understood in yeast and mammals, they have been poorly understood in plants. a recent study revealed that calcineurin b-like interacting protein kinase 15 (cipk15) acted as a global regulator of such adaptations, link ... | 2010 | 20424261 |
| identification and characterization of nagnag alternative splicing in the moss physcomitrella patens. | alternative splicing (as) involving tandem acceptors that are separated by three nucleotides (nagnag) is an evolutionarily widespread class of as, which is well studied in homo sapiens (human) and mus musculus (mouse). it has also been shown to be common in the model seed plants arabidopsis thaliana and oryza sativa (rice). in one of the first studies involving sequence-based prediction of as in plants, we performed a genome-wide identification and characterization of nagnag as in the model plan ... | 2010 | 20426810 |
| amelioration of experimental autoimmune encephalitis by novel peptides: involvement of t regulatory cells. | the purpose of the present study was to develop a peptide for treatment of multiple sclerosis (ms). we have tested the effect of a novel anti-inflammatory peptide (kghyaervg, termed iiim1) on experimental autoimmune encephalitis (eae), an animal model of ms. our findings demonstrate significant reduction in neurological score following oral administration of iiim1. structural studies revealed that the entire peptide is required for activity. the peptide caused significant reduction in il17, inte ... | 2010 | 20434883 |
| overexpression and purification of pwl2d, a mutant of the effector protein pwl2 from magnaporthe grisea. | the rice blast disease caused by the ascomycete magnaporthe grisea continues to cause a tremendous impact in rice (oryza sativa) cultures around the world. elucidating the molecular basis of the fungus interactions with its host might help increase the general understanding of the pathogen-host relationship. at the moment of invasion, the fungus secretes effectors that modify host defenses and cellular processes as they successively invade living rice cells. pwl2, an effector protein, is a known ... | 2010 | 20438845 |
| expression, purification, and characterization of recombinant human transferrin from rice (oryza sativa l.). | transferrin is an essential ingredient used in cell culture media due to its crucial role in regulating cellular iron uptake, transport, and utilization. it is also a promising drug carrier used to increase a drug's therapeutic index via the unique transferrin receptor-mediated endocytosis pathway. due to the high risk of contamination with blood-borne pathogens from the use of human or animal plasma-derived transferrin, recombinant transferrin is preferred for use as a replacement for native tr ... | 2010 | 20447458 |
| alkylresorcylic acid synthesis by type iii polyketide synthases from rice oryza sativa. | alkylresorcinols, produced by various plants, bacteria, and fungi, are bioactive compounds possessing beneficial activities for human health, such as anti-cancer activity. in rice, they accumulate in seedlings, contributing to protection against fungi. alkylresorcylic acids, which are carboxylated forms of alkylresorcinols, are unstable compounds and decarboxylate readily to yield alkylresorcinols. genome mining of the rice oryza sativa identified two type iii polyketide synthases, named aras1 ( ... | 2010 | 20451227 |
| fine mapping and syntenic integration of the semi-dwarfing gene sdw3 of barley. | the barley mutant allele sdw3 confers a gibberellin-insensitive, semi-dwarf phenotype with potential for breeding of new semi-dwarfed barley cultivars. towards map-based cloning, sdw3 was delimited by high-resolution genetic mapping to a 0.04 cm interval in a "cold spot" of recombination of the proximal region of the short arm of barley chromosome 2h. extensive synteny between the barley sdw3 locus (hvu_sdw3) and the orthologous regions (osa_sdw3, sbi_sdw3, bsy_sdw3) of three other grass species ... | 2010 | 20464438 |
| ectopic expression of the rice lumazine synthase gene contributes to defense responses in transgenic tobacco. | lumazine synthase (ls) catalyzes the penultimate reaction in the multistep riboflavin biosynthesis pathway, which is involved in plant defenses. plant defenses are often subject to synergistic effects of jasmonic acid and ethylene whereas ls is a regulator of jasmonic acid signal transduction. however, little is known about whether the enzyme contributes to defense responses. to study the role of ls in plant pathogen defenses, we generated transgenic tobacco expressing the rice (oryza sativa) ls ... | 2010 | 20465413 |
| large-scale comparative phosphoproteomics identifies conserved phosphorylation sites in plants. | knowledge of phosphorylation events and their regulation is crucial to understand the functional biology of plants. here, we report a large-scale phosphoproteome analysis in the model monocot rice (oryza sativa japonica 'nipponbare'), an economically important crop. using unfractionated whole-cell lysates of rice cells, we identified 6,919 phosphopeptides from 3,393 proteins. to investigate the conservation of phosphoproteomes between plant species, we developed a novel phosphorylation-site eval ... | 2010 | 20466843 |
| genome-wide classification and evolutionary analysis of the bhlh family of transcription factors in arabidopsis, poplar, rice, moss, and algae. | basic helix-loop-helix proteins (bhlhs) are found throughout the three eukaryotic kingdoms and constitute one of the largest families of transcription factors. a growing number of bhlh proteins have been functionally characterized in plants. however, some of these have not been previously classified. we present here an updated and comprehensive classification of the bhlhs encoded by the whole sequenced genomes of arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana), populus trichocarpa, oryza sativa, physcomitrel ... | 2010 | 20472752 |
| bioaccumulation of methylmercury versus inorganic mercury in rice (oryza sativa l.) grain. | mercury (hg) bioaccumulation in aquatic food webs has been much studied, motivated from high hg levels found in many fish species important for human consumption. hg bioaccumulation in terrestrial food chains have received little attention and assumed to be of minor importance. however, recent studies showed that rice can be an important pathway of methylmercury (mehg) exposure to inhabitants in hg mining areas in china. in this study, 59 sampling sites (including 32 sites from "heavily polluted ... | 2010 | 20476782 |
| uptake, translocation, and remobilization of zinc absorbed at different growth stages by rice genotypes of different zn densities. | zinc (zn) is an essential micronutrient for humans, and increasing zn density in rice ( oryza sativa l.) grains is important for improving human nutrition. the characteristics of zn translocation and remobilization were investigated in high zn density genotype ir68144, in comparison with the low zn density genotype ir64. stable isotope tracer (68)zn was supplied at various growth stages, either to the roots in nutrient solution or to the flag leaves to investigate the contribution of (68)zn abso ... | 2010 | 20481473 |
| divinyl chlorophyll(ide) a can be converted to monovinyl chlorophyll(ide) a by a divinyl reductase in rice. | 3,8-divinyl (proto)chlorophyll(ide) a 8-vinyl reductase (dvr) catalyzes the reduction of 8-vinyl group on the tetrapyrrole to an ethyl group, which is indispensable for monovinyl chlorophyll (chl) synthesis. so far, three 8-vinyl reductase genes (dvr, bcia, and slr1923) have been characterized from arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana), chlorobium tepidum, and synechocystis sp. pcc6803. however, no 8-vinyl reductase gene has yet been identified in monocotyledonous plants. in this study, we isolated ... | 2010 | 20484022 |
| arsenic affects mineral nutrients in grains of various indian rice (oryza sativa l.) genotypes grown on arsenic-contaminated soils of west bengal. | the exposure of paddy fields to arsenic (as) through groundwater irrigation is a serious concern that may not only lead to as accumulation to unacceptable levels but also interfere with mineral nutrients in rice grains. in the present field study, profiling of the mineral nutrients (iron (fe), phosphorous, zinc, and selenium (se)) was done in various rice genotypes with respect to as accumulation. a significant genotypic variation was observed in elemental retention on root fe plaque and their a ... | 2010 | 20490609 |
| involvement of silicon influx transporter osnip2;1 in selenite uptake in rice. | rice (oryza sativa) as a staple food, provides a major source of dietary selenium (se) for humans, which essentially requires se, however, the molecular mechanism for se uptake is still poorly understood. herein, we show evidence that the uptake of selenite, a main bioavailable form of se in paddy soils, is mediated by a silicon (si) influx transporter lsi1 (osnip2;1) in rice. defect of osnip2;1 resulted in a significant decrease in the se concentration of the shoots and xylem sap when selenite ... | 2010 | 20498338 |
| xanthomonas oryzae pathovars: model pathogens of a model crop. | summary xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae and xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola cause bacterial blight and bacterial leaf streak of rice (oryza sativa), which constrain production of this staple crop in much of asia and parts of africa. tremendous progress has been made in characterizing the diseases and breeding for resistance. x. oryzae pv. oryzae causes bacterial blight by invading the vascular tissue, while x. oryzae pv. oryzicola causes bacterial leaf streak by colonizing the parenchyma. in rice ... | 2006 | 20507449 |
| genomic diversity and introgression in o. sativa reveal the impact of domestication and breeding on the rice genome. | the domestication of asian rice (oryza sativa) was a complex process punctuated by episodes of introgressive hybridization among and between subpopulations. deep genetic divergence between the two main varietal groups (indica and japonica) suggests domestication from at least two distinct wild populations. however, genetic uniformity surrounding key domestication genes across divergent subpopulations suggests cultural exchange of genetic material among ancient farmers. | 2010 | 20520727 |
| a comparison of nitrate transport in four different rice (oryza sativa l.) cultivars. | as rice can use both nitrate (no(3)(-)) and ammonium (nh(4)(+)), we have tested the hypothesis that the shift in the pattern of cultivars grown in jiangsu province reflects the ability of the plants to exploit no(3)(-) as a nitrogen (n) source. four rice cultivars were grown in solution culture for comparison of their growth on no(3)(-) and nh(4)(+) nitrogen sources. all four types of rice, xian you 63 (xy63), yang dao 6 (yd), nong keng 57 (nk) and si you 917 (sy917), grew well and produced simi ... | 2005 | 20549444 |
| transcriptome divergence between the hexaploid salt-marsh sister species spartina maritima and spartina alterniflora (poaceae). | invasive species are ideal model systems to investigate the evolutionary processes associated with their ecological success by comparison with closely related species. in this article, we explore transcriptome evolution following divergence between two closely related salt-marsh species, the invasive spartina alterniflora (native to the east-american atlantic coast, introduced in several continents) and the declining spartina maritima (native to the euro-african atlantic coast). we have explored ... | 2010 | 20550634 |