| [indications and results of diet treatment of hyperphenylalaninemia detected at birth. apropos of 25 cases]. | | 2016 | 4848937 |
| [hpl serum levels in intrauterine retardation of fetal growth during late pregnancy (author's transl)]. | | 2016 | 4848903 |
| the allied health professions. | | 2016 | 4847330 |
| survey of academic divisions of nuclear medicine in u.s. medical schools, april 1973. | | 2016 | 4808672 |
| [cytologic and cytochemical examinations of joint effusions in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis]. | | 2016 | 4939913 |
| [contact of normal fibroblast-like cells with substrates during oriented movement]. | | 2016 | 4781838 |
| [hemodynamic disorders after operation on the lungs]. | | 2016 | 4787260 |
| plasma and urinary aminoacids in indian childhood cirrhosis. | | 2016 | 4760072 |
| an evaluation of lung uptake of colloid during liver imaging. | | 2016 | 4724338 |
| [a new case of left ventricle diverticulum treated by surgery]. | | 2016 | 4731918 |
| [increased risk of cardiovascular complications with oral hypoglycemic agents?]. | | 2016 | 4949515 |
| an indexing coverage study of toxicological literature. | | 2016 | 4715287 |
| mucosa-associated bacteria in two middle-aged women diagnosed with collagenous colitis. | to characterize the colon microbiota in two women histologically diagnosed with collagenous colitis using a culture-independent method. | 2012 | 22529692 |
| intestinal microbiota of broiler chickens as affected by litter management regimens. | poultry litter is a mixture of bedding materials and enteric bacteria excreted by chickens, and it is typically reused for multiple growth cycles in commercial broiler production. thus, bacteria can be transmitted from one growth cycle to the next via litter. however, it remains poorly understood how litter reuse affects development and composition of chicken gut microbiota. in this study, the effect of litter reuse on the microbiota in litter and in chicken gut was investigated using 2 litter m ... | 2016 | 27242676 |
| nasopharyngeal microbiota composition of children is related to the frequency of upper respiratory infection and acute sinusitis. | upper respiratory infections (uri) and their complications are a major healthcare burden for pediatric populations. although the microbiology of the nasopharynx is an important determinant of the complications of uri, little is known of the nasopharyngeal (np) microbiota of children, the factors that affect its composition, and its precise relationship with uri. | 2016 | 27364497 |
| functional metabolic map of faecalibacterium prausnitzii, a beneficial human gut microbe. | the human gut microbiota plays a central role in human well-being and disease. in this study, we present an integrated, iterative approach of computational modeling, in vitro experiments, metabolomics, and genomic analysis to accelerate the identification of metabolic capabilities for poorly characterized (anaerobic) microorganisms. we demonstrate this approach for the beneficial human gut microbe faecalibacterium prausnitzii strain a2-165. we generated an automated draft reconstruction, which w ... | 2014 | 25002542 |
| structural modulation of gut microbiota during alleviation of type 2 diabetes with a chinese herbal formula. | the gut microbiota is hypothesized to have a critical role in metabolic diseases, including type 2 diabetes (t2d). a traditional chinese herbal formula, gegen qinlian decoction (gqd), can alleviate t2d. to find out whether gqd modulates the composition of the gut microbiota during t2d treatment, 187 t2d patients were randomly allocated to receive high (hd, n=44), moderate (md, n=52), low dose gqd (ld, n=50) or the placebo (n=41) for 12 weeks in a double-blinded trial. patients who received the h ... | 2014 | 25279787 |
| intestinal microbiota and microbial metabolites are changed in a pig model fed a high-fat/low-fiber or a low-fat/high-fiber diet. | the intestinal microbiota and its metabolites appear to be an important factor for gastrointestinal function and health. however, research is still needed to further elaborate potential relationships between nutrition, gut microbiota and host's health by means of a suitable animal model. the present study examined the effect of two different diets on microbial composition and activity by using the pig as a model for humans. eight pigs were equally allotted to two treatments, either fed a low-fat ... | 2016 | 27100182 |
| bacillus coagulans gbi-30, 6086 modulates faecalibacterium prausnitzii in older men and women. | advancing age is linked to a decrease in beneficial bacteria such as bifidobacterium spp. and reduced aspects of innate immune function. | 2015 | 25948780 |
| effect of prebiotics on the fecal microbiota of elderly volunteers after dietary supplementation of bacillus coagulans gbi-30, 6086. | in advancing age, gut populations of beneficial microbes, notably bifidobacterium spp., show a marked decline. this contributes to an environment less capable of maintaining homoeostasis. this in vitro investigation studied the possible synergistic effects of probiotic supplementation in modulating the gut microbiota enabling prebiotic therapy to in elderly persons. single stage batch culture anaerobic fermenters were used and inoculated with fecal microbiota obtained from volunteers after takin ... | 2014 | 25219857 |
| intestinal microbiota distinguish gout patients from healthy humans. | current blood-based approach for gout diagnosis can be of low sensitivity and hysteretic. here via a 68-member cohort of 33 healthy and 35 diseased individuals, we reported that the intestinal microbiota of gout patients are highly distinct from healthy individuals in both organismal and functional structures. in gout, bacteroides caccae and bacteroides xylanisolvens are enriched yet faecalibacterium prausnitzii and bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum depleted. the established reference microbial ... | 2016 | 26852926 |
| we are not alone: a case for the human microbiome in extra intestinal diseases. | "dysbiosis" in the gut microbiome has been implicated in auto-immune diseases, in inflammatory diseases, in some cancers and mental disorders. the challenge is to unravel the cellular and molecular basis of dysbiosis so as to understand the disease manifestation. | 2017 | 28286571 |
| altered gut microbiota composition associated with eczema in infants. | eczema is frequently the first manifestation of an atopic diathesis and alteration in the diversity of gut microbiota has been reported in infants with eczema. to identify specific bacterial communities associated with eczema, we conducted a case-control study of 50 infants with eczema (cases) and 51 healthy infants (controls). we performed high-throughput sequencing for v3-v4 hypervariable regions of the 16s rrna genes from the gut fecal material. a total of 12,386 otus (operational taxonomic u ... | 2016 | 27812181 |
| sialoglycoprotein isolated from the eggs of carassius auratus prevents bone loss: an effect associated with the regulation of gut microbiota in ovariectomized rats. | the anti-osteoporotic effect of sialoglycoprotein isolated from the eggs of carassius auratus (ca-sgp) has previously been demonstrated in vivo. however, the mechanism by which this macromolecular substance regulates bone metabolism remains unclear. given the correlation between gut microbiota and the homeostasis of bone metabolism, the current study applied real-time pcr and 16s rrna high-throughput sequencing to investigate the influence of ca-sgp on gut microbiota in ovariectomized rats. real ... | 2016 | 27808338 |
| association of brain amyloidosis with pro-inflammatory gut bacterial taxa and peripheral inflammation markers in cognitively impaired elderly. | the pathway leading from amyloid-β deposition to cognitive impairment is believed to be a cornerstone of the pathogenesis of alzheimer's disease (ad). however, what drives amyloid buildup in sporadic nongenetic cases of ad is still unknown. ad brains feature an inflammatory reaction around amyloid plaques, and a specific subset of the gut microbiota (gmb) may promote brain inflammation. we investigated the possible role of the gmb in ad pathogenesis by studying the association of brain amyloidos ... | 2017 | 27776263 |
| could gut microbiota serve as prognostic biomarker associated with colorectal cancer patients' survival? a pilot study on relevant mechanism. | evidences have shown that dysbiosis could promote the progression of colorectal cancer (crc). however, the association of dysbiosis and prognosis of crc is barely investigated. therefore, we used 16s rrna gene sequencing approach to determine differences in microbiota among tumor tissues of different prognosis and found that fusobacterium nucleatum and bacteroides fragilis were more abundant in worse prognosis groups, while faecalibacterium prausnitzii displayed higher abundance in survival grou ... | 2016 | 27323816 |
| effect of oligosaccharides on the adhesion of gut bacteria to human ht-29 cells. | the influence of five oligosaccharides (cellobiose, stachyose, raffinose, lactulose and chito-oligosaccharides) on the adhesion of eight gut bacteria (bifidobacterium bifidum atcc 29521, bacteroides thetaiotaomicron atcc 29148d-5, clostridium leptum atcc 29065, blautia coccoides atcc 29236, faecalibacterium prausnitzii atcc 27766, bacteroides fragilis atcc 23745, clostridium difficile atcc 43255 and lactobacillus casei atcc 393) to mucous secreting and non-mucous secreting ht-29 human epithelial ... | 2016 | 27018325 |
| alterations in the mucosa-associated bacterial composition in crohn's disease: a pilot study. | changes in the intestinal bacterial composition seem to play a major role in the pathogenesis and in the clinical course of inflammatory bowel diseases (ibd), which consist of crohn's disease (cd), and ulcerative colitis (uc). mutations in the nod2 gene are the most important genetic risk factors for the development of cd. in this study, the association between mucosal biopsies and the mucosa-associated bacterial composition from cd and uc patients regarding their genetic risk factors (mutations ... | 2016 | 26951181 |
| the gut microbial community in metabolic syndrome patients is modified by diet. | intestinal microbiota changes may be involved in the development of metabolic syndrome (mets), which is a multicomponent disorder frequently associated with obesity. the aim of this study was to test the effect of consuming two healthy diets: a mediterranean diet and a low-fat high-carbohydrate diet, for 2years in the gut microbiota of mets patients and those in the control group. we analyzed the differences in the bacterial community structure between the groups after 2years of dietary interven ... | 2016 | 26376027 |
| intestinal microbiota and allergic diseases: a systematic review. | evidence suggests that possible imbalances in intestinal microbiota composition may be implicated in the occurrence of allergic diseases. although several studies published until 2006 indicated a correlation between microbiota composition and allergic symptoms, it has not been possible to distinguish protective microorganisms from those associated with increased risk of allergic diseases. therefore, the objective of this study was to review the studies published since 2007 that address the intes ... | 2016 | 25985709 |
| understanding how commensal obligate anaerobic bacteria regulate immune functions in the large intestine. | the human gastrointestinal tract is colonised by trillions of commensal bacteria, most of which are obligate anaerobes residing in the large intestine. appropriate bacterial colonisation is generally known to be critical for human health. in particular, the development and function of the immune system depends on microbial colonisation, and a regulated cross-talk between commensal bacteria, intestinal epithelial cells and immune cells is required to maintain mucosal immune homeostasis. this home ... | 2014 | 25545102 |
| xylo-oligosaccharides and inulin affect genotoxicity and bacterial populations differently in a human colonic simulator challenged with soy protein. | high dietary intakes of some protein sources, including soy protein, can increase colonic dna damage in animals, whereas some carbohydrates attenuate this. we investigated whether inulin and xylo-oligosaccharides (xos) could be protective against dna strand breaks by adding them to a human colonic simulator consisting of a proximal vessel (pv) (ph 5.5) and a distal vessel (dv) (ph 6.8) inoculated with human faeces and media containing soy protein. genotoxicity of the liquid phase and microbial p ... | 2013 | 24064573 |
| senior thai fecal microbiota comparison between vegetarians and non-vegetarians using pcr-dgge and real-time pcr. | the fecal microbiotas were investigated in 13 healthy thai subjects using polymerase chain reaction denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (pcr-dgge). among the 186 dna bands detected on the polyacrylamide gel, 37 bands were identified as representing 11 species: bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, bacteroides ovatus, bacteroides uniformis, bacteroides vulgatus, clostridium colicanis, eubacterium eligenes, e. rectale, faecalibacterium prausnitzii, megamonas funiformis, prevotella copri, and roseburia ... | 2014 | 24743571 |
| temporal bacterial community dynamics vary among ulcerative colitis patients after fecal microbiota transplantation. | fecal microbiota transplantation (fmt) from healthy donors, which is an effective alternative for treatment of clostridium difficile-associated disease, is being considered for several disorders such as inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome, and metabolic syndrome. disease remission upon fmt is thought to be facilitated by an efficient colonization of healthy donor microbiota, but knowledge of the composition and temporal stability of patient microbiota after fmt is lacking. | 2013 | 24060759 |
| correlation between diet and gut bacteria in a population of young adults. | dietary habits strongly influence gut microbiota. the aim of this study was to compare and correlated the abundance of firmicutes and bacteroidetes phyla, some representative bacteria of these phyla such as bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, prevotella, faecalibacterium prausnitzii, clostridium leptum and bifidobacterium longum as a member of actinobacteria phylum in young adults with their food intake. faecal samples used came from lean subjects (bmi = 19.83 ± 0.94 kg/m(2)), overweight (bmi = 27.17 ... | 2016 | 27018166 |
| the microbiota shifts the iron sensing of intestinal cells. | the amount of iron in the diet directly influences the composition of the microbiota. inversely, the effects of the microbiota on iron homeostasis have been little studied. so, we investigate whether the microbiota itself may alter host iron sensing. duodenal cytochrome b and divalent metal transporter 1, involved in apical iron uptake, are 8- and 10-fold, respectively, more abundant in the duodenum of germ-free (gf) mice than in mice colonized with a microbiota. in contrast, the luminal exporte ... | 2016 | 26370847 |
| association of dietary type with fecal microbiota in vegetarians and omnivores in slovenia. | the purpose of this study was to discover differences in the human fecal microbiota composition driven by long-term omnivore versus vegan/lacto-vegetarian dietary pattern. in addition, the possible association of demographic characteristics and dietary habits such as consumption of particular foods with the fecal microbiota was examined. | 2014 | 24173964 |
| bacteroides thetaiotaomicron and faecalibacterium prausnitzii influence the production of mucus glycans and the development of goblet cells in the colonic epithelium of a gnotobiotic model rodent. | the intestinal mucus layer plays a key role in the maintenance of host-microbiota homeostasis. to document the crosstalk between the host and microbiota, we used gnotobiotic models to study the influence of two major commensal bacteria, bacteroides thetaiotaomicron and faecalibacterium prausnitzii, on this intestinal mucus layer. b. thetaiotaomicron is known to use polysaccharides from mucus, but its effect on goblet cells has not been addressed so far. f. prausnitzii is of particular physiologi ... | 2013 | 23692866 |
| microbial community of healthy thai vegetarians and non-vegetarians, their core gut microbiota, and pathogen risk. | pyrosequencing analysis of intestinal microflora from healthy thai vegetarians and non-vegetarians exhibited 893 otus covering 189 species. the strong species indicators of vegetarians and non-vegetarians were prevotella copri and bacteroides vulgatus as well as bacteria close to escherichia hermanii with % relative abundance of 16.9 and 4.5-4.7, respectively. core gut microbiota of the vegetarian and non-vegetarian groups consisted of 11 and 20 different bacterial species, respectively, belongi ... | 2016 | 27381339 |
| reduced abundance of butyrate-producing bacteria species in the fecal microbial community in crohn's disease. | the global alteration of the gut microbial community (dysbiosis) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases (ibds). however, bacterial species that characterize dysbiosis in ibd remain unclear. in this study, we assessed the alteration of the fecal microbiota profile in patients with crohn's disease (cd) using 16s rrna sequencing. | 2016 | 26789999 |
| disrupted intestinal microbiota and intestinal inflammation in children with cystic fibrosis and its restoration with lactobacillus gg: a randomised clinical trial. | intestinal inflammation is a hallmark of cystic fibrosis (cf). administration of probiotics can reduce intestinal inflammation and the incidence of pulmonary exacerbations. we investigated the composition of intestinal microbiota in children with cf and analyzed its relationship with intestinal inflammation. we also investigated the microflora structure before and after lactobacillus gg (lgg) administration in children with cf with and without antibiotic treatment. | 2014 | 24586292 |
| future for probiotic science in functional food and dietary supplement development. | the purpose of this study is to provide an update of probiotic science evolving from classical approaches to the development of next-generation probiotics, parallel to advances in the understanding of the complexity of the gut microbiome and its role in human health. | 2013 | 24071779 |
| crohn associated microbial communities associated to colonic mucosal biopsies in patients of the western mediterranean. | next generation sequencing approaches allow the retrieval of several orders of magnitude larger numbers of amplified single sequences in 16s rrna diversity surveys than classical methods. however, the sequences are only partial and thus lack sufficient resolution for a reliable identification. the opu approach used here, based on a tandem combination of high quality 454 sequences (mean >500 nuc) applying strict otu thresholds, and phylogenetic inference based on parsimony additions to preexistin ... | 2015 | 26275394 |
| insight into the prebiotic concept: lessons from an exploratory, double blind intervention study with inulin-type fructans in obese women. | to highlight the contribution of the gut microbiota to the modulation of host metabolism by dietary inulin-type fructans (itf prebiotics) in obese women. | 2013 | 23135760 |
| the antimicrobial action of chitosan, low molar mass chitosan, and chitooligosaccharides on human colonic bacteria. | antibacterial effect of chitooligosaccharides (cos) and low molar mass chitosans (lmwc) is considered as one of the most important characteristics of chitosan (cs) hydrolysates. here, we show the in vitro effect of different cos, lmwc, and cs on representative anaerobic bacteria isolated from human colon as a possibility of targeting modification of colonic microflora composition by supplementation of dietary cs products by humans. specific growth rate of seven selected nonpathogenic anaerobic b ... | 2012 | 22528310 |
| bifidobacterial inulin-type fructan degradation capacity determines cross-feeding interactions between bifidobacteria and faecalibacterium prausnitzii. | prebiotic inulin-type fructans (itf) display a bifidogenic and butyrogenic effect. four bifidobacterial strains (bifidobacterium breve yakult, bifidobacterium adolescentis lmg 10734, bifidobacterium angulatum lmg 11039(t), and bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum lmg 11047), displaying different itf degradation capacities, were each grown in cocultivation with faecalibacterium prausnitzii dsm 17677(t), an itf-degrading butyrate-producing colon bacterium, as to unravel their cross-feeding interac ... | 2016 | 27233082 |
| enhanced butyrate formation by cross-feeding between faecalibacterium prausnitzii and bifidobacterium adolescentis. | cross-feeding is an important metabolic interaction mechanism of bacterial groups inhabiting the human colon and includes features such as the utilization of acetate by butyrate-producing bacteria as may occur between bifidobacterium and faecalibacterium genera. in this study, we assessed the utilization of different carbon sources (glucose, starch, inulin and fructooligosaccharides) by strains of both genera and selected the best suited combinations for evidencing this cross-feeding phenomenon. ... | 2015 | 26420851 |
| genome-scale metabolic reconstructions of bifidobacterium adolescentis l2-32 and faecalibacterium prausnitzii a2-165 and their interaction. | the gut microbiota plays an important role in human health and disease by acting as a metabolic organ. metagenomic sequencing has shown how dysbiosis in the gut microbiota is associated with human metabolic diseases such as obesity and diabetes. modeling may assist to gain insight into the metabolic implication of an altered microbiota. fast and accurate reconstruction of metabolic models for members of the gut microbiota, as well as methods to simulate a community of microorganisms, are therefo ... | 2014 | 24708835 |
| specific gut microbiota features and metabolic markers in postmenopausal women with obesity. | gut microbial gene richness and specific bacterial species are associated with metabolic risk markers in humans, but the impact of host physiology and dietary habits on the link between the gut microbiota and metabolic markers remain unclear. the objective of this study was to identify gut metagenomic markers associated with estimates of insulin resistance, lipid metabolism and inflammation in obesity, and to explore whether the associations between metagenomic and metabolic markers persisted af ... | 2015 | 26075636 |
| faecalibacterium prausnitzii upregulates regulatory t cells and anti-inflammatory cytokines in treating tnbs-induced colitis. | faecalibacterium prausnitzii (f. prausnitzii) is a common anaerobic bacteria colonized in the human gut and inflammatory bowel disease (ibd) patients are usually lack of f. prausnitzii. the aims of this study were to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory capacity of f. prausnitzii by comparing it with bifidobacterium longum (b. longum) in both cellular and animal experiments. | 2013 | 23643066 |
| decreased abundance of faecalibacterium prausnitzii in the gut microbiota of crohn's disease. | dysbiosis is thought to be relevant to the etiology and pathogenesis of crohn's disease (cd). in this study, we investigated the abundance of faecalibacterium prausnitzii, as well as bilophila wadsworthia, in the gut microbiota of japanese cd patients. | 2013 | 23216550 |
| gut microbiota related to giardia duodenalis, entamoeba spp. and blastocystis hominis infections in humans from côte d'ivoire. | literature data provide little information about protozoa infections and gut microbiota compositional shifts in humans. this preliminary study aimed to describe the fecal bacterial community composition of people from côte d'ivoire harboring giardia duodenalis, entamoeba spp., and blastocystis hominis, in trying to discover possible alterations in their fecal microbiota structure related to the presence of such parasites. | 2016 | 27694739 |
| hydrodynamic chronoamperometry for probing kinetics of anaerobic microbial metabolism--case study of faecalibacterium prausnitzii. | monitoring in vitro the metabolic activity of microorganisms aids bioprocesses and enables better understanding of microbial metabolism. redox mediators can be used for this purpose via different electrochemical techniques that are either complex or only provide non-continuous data. hydrodynamic chronoamperometry using a rotating disc electrode (rde) can alleviate these issues but was seldom used and is poorly characterized. the kinetics of faecalibacterium prausnitzii a2-165, a beneficial gut m ... | 2015 | 26127013 |
| relative abundance in bacterial and fungal gut microbes in obese children: a case control study. | differences in relative proportions of gut microbial communities in adults have been correlated with intestinal diseases and obesity. in this study we evaluated the gut microbiota biodiversity, both bacterial and fungal, in obese and normal-weight school-aged children. | 2017 | 27007700 |
| profiling living bacteria informs preparation of fecal microbiota transplantations. | fecal microbiota transplantation is a compelling treatment for recurrent clostridium difficile infections, with potential applications against other diseases associated with changes in gut microbiota. but variability in fecal bacterial communities-believed to be the therapeutic agent-can complicate or undermine treatment efficacy. to understand the effects of transplant preparation methods on living fecal microbial communities, we applied a dna-sequencing method (pma-seq) that uses propidium mon ... | 2017 | 28125667 |
| fecal microbiota transplantation to fight clostridium difficile infections and other intestinal diseases. | we have analyzed fecal bacterial and viral communities of a patient with recurrent c. difficile infection (rcdi) who was cured by fecal microbiota transplantation (fmt). the "zürich patient" experienced immediate cure and has remained free of symptoms for now over 5 y. donor-similar bacterial compositions after 4.5 y post-fmt demonstrated sustainable engraftment of donor microbiota predominated by bacteroidetes and firmicutes bacteria. appearance of beneficial species faecalibacterium prausnitzi ... | 2016 | 28090385 |
| manipulating the gut microbiota to maintain health and treat disease. | the intestinal microbiota composition varies between healthy and diseased individuals for numerous diseases. although any cause or effect relationship between the alterations in the gut microbiota and disease is not always clear, targeting the intestinal microbiota might offer new possibilities for prevention and/or treatment of disease. | 2015 | 25651995 |
| essential oils have different effects on human pathogenic and commensal bacteria in mixed faecal fermentations compared with pure cultures. | a static batch culture system inoculated with human faeces was used to determine the influence of essential oil compounds (eocs) on mixed faecal microbiota. bacteria were quantified using quantitative pcr of 16s rrna genes. incubation for 24 h of diluted faeces from six individuals caused enrichment of bifidobacterium spp., but proportions of other major groups were unaffected. thymol and geraniol at 500 p.p.m. suppressed total bacteria, resulting in minimal fermentation. thymol at 100 p.p.m. ha ... | 2015 | 25500493 |
| comparison of bacterial quantities in left and right colon biopsies and faeces. | to compare quantities of predominant and pathogenic bacteria in mucosal and faecal samples. | 2012 | 22969206 |
| sensitivity of pathogenic and commensal bacteria from the human colon to essential oils. | the microbiota of the intestinal tract plays an important role in colonic health, mediating many effects of dietary components on colonic health and during enteric infections. in the context of the increasing incidence of antibiotic resistance in gut bacteria, complementary therapies are required for the prevention and treatment of enteric infections. here we report the potential application of essential oils (eo) and pure eo compounds to improve human gut health. nerolidol, thymol, eugenol and ... | 2012 | 22878397 |
| a gene-targeted approach to investigate the intestinal butyrate-producing bacterial community. | butyrate, which is produced by the human microbiome, is essential for a well-functioning colon. bacteria that produce butyrate are phylogenetically diverse, which hinders their accurate detection based on conventional phylogenetic markers. as a result, reliable information on this important bacterial group is often lacking in microbiome research. | 2013 | 24451334 |
| comparative genomics of clostridium bolteae and clostridium clostridioforme reveals species-specific genomic properties and numerous putative antibiotic resistance determinants. | clostridium bolteae and clostridium clostridioforme, previously included in the complex c. clostridioforme in the group clostridium xiva, remain difficult to distinguish by phenotypic methods. these bacteria, prevailing in the human intestinal microbiota, are opportunistic pathogens with various drug susceptibility patterns. in order to better characterize the two species and to obtain information on their antibiotic resistance genes, we analyzed the genomes of six strains of c. bolteae and six ... | 2016 | 27769168 |
| short-term impact of a classical ketogenic diet on gut microbiota in glut1 deficiency syndrome: a 3-month prospective observational study. | the classical ketogenic diet (kd) is a high-fat, very low-carbohydrate normocaloric diet used for drug-resistant epilepsy and glucose transporter 1 deficiency syndrome (glut1 ds). in animal models, high fat diet induces large alterations in microbiota producing deleterious effects on gut health. we carried out a pilot study on patients treated with kd comparing their microbiota composition before and after three months on the diet. | 2017 | 28361745 |
| fecal microbiota in pouchitis and ulcerative colitis. | to investigate the changes in microbiota in feces of patients with ulcerative colitis (uc) and pouchitis using genomic technology. | 2016 | 27833384 |
| in vitro fermentation of lactulose by human gut bacteria. | lactulose has been known as a prebiotic that can selectively stimulate the growth of beneficial bifidobacteria and lactobacilli. recent studies have indicated that streptococcus mutans, clostridium perfringens, and faecalibacterium prausnitzii are also able to utilize lactulose. however, the previous studies mainly focused on the utilization of lactulose by individual strains, and few studies were designed to identify the species that could utilize lactulose among gut microbiota. this study aime ... | 2014 | 25340538 |
| arabinogalactan and fructo-oligosaccharides have a different fermentation profile in the simulator of the human intestinal microbial ecosystem (shime ®). | current prebiotics, such as fructo-oligosaccharides (fos), are limited in their persistence in the distal colon and are predominantly fermented in the proximal colon. in order to identify a potential alternative, the differences in the fermentation profile of arabinogalactan (ag) and fos have been assessed in the simulator of the human intestinal microbial ecosystem. the effect of each product on the composition and activity of the microbial community was analysed during a 3-week treatment perio ... | 2013 | 23864575 |
| oral versus intravenous iron replacement therapy distinctly alters the gut microbiota and metabolome in patients with ibd. | iron deficiency is a common complication in patients with ibd and oral iron therapy is suggested to exacerbate ibd symptoms. we performed an open-labelled clinical trial to compare the effects of per oral (po) versus intravenous (iv) iron replacement therapy (irt). | 2017 | 26848182 |
| blastocystis is associated with decrease of fecal microbiota protective bacteria: comparative analysis between patients with irritable bowel syndrome and control subjects. | blastocystis is a protistan parasite living in the digestive tract of many animals, including humans. this highly prevalent intestinal parasite is suspected to be linked to irritable bowel syndrome (ibs), a chronic functional bowel disorder. here, we first compared the prevalence of blastocystis among 56 ibs patients (40 ibs with constipation (ibs-c), 9 ibs with diarrhea (ibs-d), 4 mixed ibs (ibs-m) and 3 unsubtyped ibs (ibs-u) according to the rome iii criteria) and 56 control (i.e. without any ... | 2014 | 25365580 |
| structural robustness of the gut mucosal microbiota is associated with crohn's disease remission after surgery. | preventing postoperative recurrence after ileocolonic resection (icr) for crohn's disease (cd) is challenging. defining the disturbances of the microbial composition and community structure after icr and their link with early disease recurrence is crucial. | 2016 | 26628508 |
| signatures of early frailty in the gut microbiota. | frailty is arguably the biggest problem associated with population ageing, and associates with gut microbiome composition in elderly and care-dependent individuals. here we characterize frailty associations with the gut microbiota in a younger community dwelling population, to identify targets for intervention to encourage healthy ageing. | 2016 | 26822992 |
| metagenomic sequencing of the human gut microbiome before and after bariatric surgery in obese patients with type 2 diabetes: correlation with inflammatory and metabolic parameters. | roux-en-y gastric bypass (rygb) has become a prominent therapeutic option for long-term treatment of morbid obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (t2d). cross talk and pathogenetic consequences of rygb-induced profound effects on metabolism and gut microbiome are poorly understood. the aim of the present study therefore was to characterize intra-individual changes of gut microbial composition before and 3 months after rygb by metagenomic sequencing in morbidly obese patients (body mass index (bmi ... | 2013 | 23032991 |
| red wine polyphenols modulate fecal microbiota and reduce markers of the metabolic syndrome in obese patients. | this study evaluated the possible prebiotic effect of a moderate intake of red wine polyphenols on the modulation of the gut microbiota composition and the improvement in the risk factors for the metabolic syndrome in obese patients. ten metabolic syndrome patients and ten healthy subjects were included in a randomized, crossover, controlled intervention study. after a washout period, the subjects consumed red wine and de-alcoholized red wine over a 30 day period for each. the dominant bacterial ... | 2016 | 26599039 |
| enterococcus durans ep1 a promising anti-inflammatory probiotic able to stimulate siga and to increase faecalibacterium prausnitzii abundance. | enterococcus species, principally enterococcus faecium are used as probiotics since a long time with preference in animal applications but safety considerations were updated and also new uses as probiotics can be envisaged. fifteen enterococcus strains isolated from different foods were identified and analyzed for virulence factors and antibiotic resistance. three enterococcus durans strains were selected to study their immunomodulatory properties on pbmc and caco2 cells. two strains presented a ... | 2017 | 28239378 |
| anaerobic bacteria in the intestinal microbiota of brazilian children. | changes in the neonatal gut environment allow for the colonization of the mucin layer and lumen by anaerobic bacteria. the aim of the present study was to evaluate bifidobacterium, lactobacillus and lactococcus colonization through the first year of life in a group of 12 brazilian infants and to correlate these data with the levels of escherichia coli. the presence of anaerobic members of the adult intestinal microbiota, including eubacterium limosum and faecalibacterium prausnitzii, was also ev ... | 2017 | 28355361 |
| altered molecular signature of intestinal microbiota in irritable bowel syndrome patients compared with healthy controls: a systematic review and meta-analysis. | many studies have reported significant changes in intestinal microbiota in irritable bowel syndrome (ibs) patients based on quantitative real-time pcr analysis. | 2017 | 28179092 |
| effects of supernatants from escherichia coli nissle 1917 and faecalibacterium prausnitzii on intestinal epithelial cells and a rat model of 5-fluorouracil-induced mucositis. | faecalibacterium prausnitzii (fp) and escherichia coli nissle 1917 (ecn) are probiotics, which have been reported to ameliorate certain gastrointestinal disorders. we evaluated the effects of supernatants (sn) derived from fp and ecn on 5-fluorouracil (5-fu)-treated intestinal cells and in a rat model of mucositis. in vitro: iec-6, caco-2, and t-84 cells were analyzed for viability and monolayer permeability. in vivo: female dark agouti rats were gavaged with fp or ecn sn and injected intraperit ... | 2017 | 28094590 |
| gut microbiota differs between children with inflammatory bowel disease and healthy siblings in taxonomic and functional composition: a metagenomic analysis. | current treatment for pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (ibd) patients is often ineffective, with serious side effects. manipulating the gut microbiota via fecal microbiota transplantation (fmt) is an emerging treatment approach but remains controversial. we aimed to assess the composition of the fecal microbiome through a comparison of pediatric ibd patients to their healthy siblings, evaluating risks and prospects for fmt in this setting. a case-control (sibling) study was conducted analyzi ... | 2017 | 28039159 |
| roux-en-y gastric bypass surgery of morbidly obese patients induces swift and persistent changes of the individual gut microbiota. | roux-en-y gastric bypass (rygb) is an effective means to achieve sustained weight loss for morbidly obese individuals. besides rapid weight reduction, patients achieve major improvements of insulin sensitivity and glucose homeostasis. dysbiosis of gut microbiota has been associated with obesity and some of its co-morbidities, like type 2 diabetes, and major changes of gut microbial communities have been hypothesized to mediate part of the beneficial metabolic effects observed after rygb. here we ... | 2016 | 27306058 |
| similar depletion of protective faecalibacterium prausnitzii in psoriasis and inflammatory bowel disease, but not in hidradenitis suppurativa. | psoriasis and hidradenitis suppurativa [hs] co-occur more often with inflammatory bowel disease [ibd] than expected, due to shared pathogenic and genetic features. it is known that ibd patients harbour an altered intestinal microbiome characterised by a depletion of faecalibacterium prausnitzii and increase of escherichia coli. at present, it is unclear whether a similar intestinal microbiome trend can be identified in ibd-associated skin disorders. we therefore investigated the f. prausnitzii a ... | 2016 | 26971052 |
| changes in the abundance of faecalibacterium prausnitzii phylogroups i and ii in the intestinal mucosa of inflammatory bowel disease and patients with colorectal cancer. | faecalibacterium prausnitzii comprises 2 phylogroups, whose abundance in healthy and diseased gut and in conjunction with escherichia coli has not yet been studied. this work aims to determine the contribution of f. prausnitzii phylogroups i and ii in intestinal disease and to assess their potential diagnostic usefulness as biomarkers for gut diseases. | 2016 | 26595550 |
| anti-tumour necrosis factor treatment with adalimumab induces changes in the microbiota of crohn's disease. | the composition of the intestinal microbiota is altered in crohn's disease [cd] patients. the objective of this study was to evaluate the qualitative and quantitative changes in the microbiota of cd patients in 3 months of treatment with adalimumab [ada], and determine whether or not these changes are produced towards the recovery of the normal, healthy-like microbiota. | 2015 | 26142465 |
| identification of metabolic signatures linked to anti-inflammatory effects of faecalibacterium prausnitzii. | faecalibacterium prausnitzii is an anti-inflammatory commensal bacterium identified on the basis of human clinical data. the mechanisms underlying its beneficial effects are still unknown. gnotobiotic mice harboring f. prausnitzii (a2-165) and escherichia coli (k-12 jm105) were subjected to 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (tnbs)-induced acute colitis. the inflammatory colitis scores and a gas chromatography-time of flight (gc/tof) mass spectrometry-based metabolomic profile were monitored in ... | 2015 | 25900655 |
| dietary supplementation with soybean oligosaccharides increases short-chain fatty acids but decreases protein-derived catabolites in the intestinal luminal content of weaned huanjiang mini-piglets. | the improvement of gut health and function with prebiotic supplements after weaning is an active area of research in pig nutrition. the present study was conducted to test the working hypothesis that medium-term dietary supplementation with soybean oligosaccharides (sbos) can affect the gut ecosystem in terms of microbiota composition, luminal bacterial short-chain fatty acid and ammonia concentrations, and intestinal expression of genes related to intestinal immunity and barrier function. ten h ... | 2014 | 25236424 |
| intestinal dysbiosis: novel mechanisms by which gut microbes trigger and prevent disease. | new research has identified specific intestinal colonizing microbes that can have significant influence on health and disease. evidence is reviewed supporting an association between fusobacterium nucleatum and colon cancer and for a protective role of faecalibacterium prausnitzii in inflammatory bowel disease, of escherichia coli nissle 1917 in acute intestinal inflammation, of bifidobacterium infantis in neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis, and of akkermansia muciniphila in obesity and diabetes. ... | 2014 | 24857830 |
| mucosa-associated faecalibacterium prausnitzii and escherichia coli co-abundance can distinguish irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease phenotypes. | crohn's disease (cd) and ulcerative colitis (uc) diagnosis requires comprehensive examination of the patient. faecalibacterium prausnitzii and escherichia coli have been reported as representatives of inflammatory bowel disease (ibd) dysbiosis. the aim was to determine whether or not quantification of these species can be used as a complementary tool either for diagnostic or prognostic purposes. | 2014 | 24713205 |
| faecalibacterium prausnitzii supernatant improves intestinal barrier function in mice dss colitis. | objective. the intestinal microbiota plays a substantial role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (ibd). faecalibacterium prausnitzii (fp) is underrepresented in ibd patients and have been suggested to have anti-inflammatory effects in mice. increased intestinal permeability is common in ibd but the relationship between fp and intestinal barrier function has not been investigated. our aim was to study treatment with fp supernatant on intestinal barrier function in a dextran sodium ... | 2013 | 23971882 |
| cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (cftr) allelic variants relate to shifts in faecal microbiota of cystic fibrosis patients. | in this study we investigated the effects of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (cftr) gene variants on the composition of faecal microbiota, in patients affected by cystic fibrosis (cf). cftr mutations (f508del is the most common) lead to a decreased secretion of chloride/water, and to mucus sticky secretions, in pancreas, respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts. intestinal manifestations are underestimated in cf, leading to ileum meconium at birth, or small bowel bacterial ... | 2013 | 23613805 |
| a diet high in resistant starch modulates microbiota composition, scfa concentrations, and gene expression in pig intestine. | resistant starch (rs) is highly fermentable by microbiota in the colon, resulting in the production of scfas. rs is thought to mediate a large proportion of its health benefits, including increased satiety, through the actions of scfas. the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a diet high in rs on luminal microbiota composition, luminal scfa concentrations, and the expression of host genes involved in scfa uptake, scfa signaling, and satiety regulation in mucosal tissue obtained f ... | 2013 | 23325922 |
| molecular-phylogenetic characterization of the microbiota in ulcerated and non-ulcerated regions in the patients with crohn's disease. | the dysbiosis of intestinal microbiota has been established in crohn's disease (cd), but the molecular characterization of this dysbiosis in chinese subjects with cd remains unclear. this study aims to investigate the predominant bacterial composition of the faecal and mucosal-associated microbiota in chinese cd patients using culture-independent techniques. | 2012 | 22529960 |
| increase in fecal primary bile acids and dysbiosis in patients with diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome. | irritable bowel syndrome (ibs) is a multifactorial disease for which a dysbiosis of the gut microbiota has been described. bile acids (ba) could play a role as they are endogenous laxatives and are metabolized by gut microbiota. we compared fecal ba profiles and microbiota in healthy subjects (hs) and patients with diarrhea-predominant ibs (ibs-d), and we searched for an association with symptoms. | 2012 | 22356587 |
| starch structure modulates metabolic activity and gut microbiota profile. | normal maize starch and high amylose maize starch (has) either in native or thermally treated forms were used to investigate the effect of starch structure on the production of metabolites and gut microbiota profile using an anaerobic in vitro system. the changes in starch structure during fermentation were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (sem), high-performance liquid chromatography (hplc) and fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy (ftir). the native normal starch showed a por ... | 2013 | 24113693 |
| metabolic adaptation to the aqueous leaf extract of moringa oleifera lam.-supplemented diet is related to the modulation of gut microbiota in mice. | the aqueous leaf extract of moringa oleifera lam. (lm-a) is reported to have many health beneficial bioactivities and no obvious toxicity, but have mild adverse effects. little is known about the mechanism of these reported adverse effects. notably, there has been no report about the influence of lm-a on intestinal microecology. in this study, animal experiments were performed to explore the relationships between metabolic adaptation to an lm-a-supplemented diet and gut microbiota changes. after ... | 2017 | 28382453 |
| microbial strain-level population structure and genetic diversity from metagenomes. | among the human health conditions linked to microbial communities, phenotypes are often associated with only a subset of strains within causal microbial groups. although it has been critical for decades in microbial physiology to characterize individual strains, this has been challenging when using culture-independent high-throughput metagenomics. we introduce strainphlan, a novel metagenomic strain identification approach, and apply it to characterize the genetic structure of thousands of strai ... | 2017 | 28167665 |
| assessment of the prebiotic effect of quinoa and amaranth in the human intestinal ecosystem. | quinoa and amaranth belong to the group of the so called "superfoods" and have a nutritional composition that confers multiple benefits. in this work, we explored the possibility of these foods exhibiting a prebiotic effect. these pseudocereals were subjected to an in vitro digestion and used as carbon sources in batch cultures with faecal human inocula. the effects on the microbiota composition and their metabolic products were determined by assessment of variations in ph, short-chain fatty aci ... | 2016 | 27713989 |
| relationship of enhanced butyrate production by colonic butyrate-producing bacteria to immunomodulatory effects in normal mice fed an insoluble fraction of brassica rapa l. | this study was performed to determine the effects of feeding a fiber-rich fraction of brassica vegetables on the immune response through changes in enteric bacteria and short-chain fatty acid (scfa) production in normal mice. the boiled-water-insoluble fraction of brassica rapa l. (nozawana), which consists mainly of dietary fiber, was chosen as a test material. a total of 31 male c57bl/6j mice were divided into two groups and housed in a specific-pathogen-free facility. the animals were fed eit ... | 2016 | 26921420 |
| in vitro fermentation of lupin seeds (lupinus albus) and broad beans (vicia faba): dynamic modulation of the intestinal microbiota and metabolomic output. | broad beans (vicia faba) and lupin seeds (lupinus albus) are legumes rich in a wide range of compounds, which may represent a useful dietary approach for modulating the human gut microbiome. in this work, after in vitro digestion, legume samples were used as carbon sources in anaerobic batch cultures to evaluate their impact on the intestinal microbiota composition and on their metabolic products. the fermentations were monitored by a decrease in ph, generation of short chain fatty acids (scfa) ... | 2015 | 26252418 |
| diets high in resistant starch and arabinoxylan modulate digestion processes and scfa pool size in the large intestine and faecal microbial composition in pigs. | the effects of a high level of dietary fibre (df) either as arabinoxylan (ax) or resistant starch (rs) on digestion processes, scfa concentration and pool size in various intestinal segments and on the microbial composition in the faeces were studied in a model experiment with pigs. a total of thirty female pigs (body weight 63.1 (sem 4.4) kg) were fed a low-df, high-fat western-style control diet (wsd), an ax-rich diet (axd) or a rs-rich diet (rsd) for 3 weeks. diet significantly affected the d ... | 2014 | 25327182 |
| faecalibacterium prausnitzii treatment improves hepatic health and reduces adipose tissue inflammation in high-fat fed mice. | faecalibacterium prausnitzii is considered as one of the most important bacterial indicators of a healthy gut. we studied the effects of oral f. prausnitzii treatment on high-fat fed mice. compared to the high-fat control mice, f. prausnitzii-treated mice had lower hepatic fat content, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase, and increased fatty acid oxidation and adiponectin signaling in liver. hepatic lipidomic analyses revealed decreases in several species of triacylglycerols, ... | 2017 | 28375212 |
| baseline gut microbiota predicts clinical response and colitis in metastatic melanoma patients treated with ipilimumab. | | 2017 | 28368458 |
| fecal bacterial communities in treated hiv infected individuals on two antiretroviral regimens. | intestinal microbiome changes that occur in hiv positive individuals on different antiretroviral therapy (art) regimens are important to understand, as they are potentially linked with chronic inflammation and microbiome-linked comorbidities that occur at increased incidence in this population. we conducted a cross-sectional study comparing the fecal microbiomes of hiv-uninfected (hiv sn) to hiv-infected individuals on long-term art (hiv+ ltart) from mexico using 16s ribosomal rna (16srna) targe ... | 2017 | 28262770 |