| prevalence of bartonella species causing bacteraemia in domesticated and companion animals in the united kingdom. | between october 1999 and february 2000, 691 blood samples examined routinely for either haematological or virological assessment were screened by culture for the presence of bartonella species. they came from 615 animals: 360 cats, 211 dogs, 27 horses, 16 cattle and a gorilla. the samples were incubated for long periods on 10 per cent horse blood agar at 37 degrees c in an atmosphere containing 5 per cent carbon dioxide. isolates were obtained from 35 samples from 34 (9.4 per cent) of the cats, ... | 2002 | 12219899 |
| epidemiology of endemic bartonella bacilliformis: a prospective cohort study in a peruvian mountain valley community. | bartonella bacilliformis has caused debilitating illness since pre-incan times, but relatively little is known about its epidemiology. a population-based, prospective cohort investigation was conducted in a peruvian community with endemic bartonellosis. by use of house-to-house and hospital surveillance methods, cohort participants were monitored for evidence of bartonellosis. of 690 participants, 0.5% had asymptomatic bacteremia at study initiation. after 2 years of follow-up, the incidence of ... | 2002 | 12232839 |
| cat scratch disease and acute rejection after pediatric renal transplantation. | cat scratch disease (csd) can lead to unexplained fever, generalized lymphadenopathy and organomegaly in immunocompetent individuals. csd has rarely been reported in immunocompromised transplant recipients, where its clinical features would mimic the more common post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease (ptld). we report three cases of csd seen recently in children who had received prior kidney transplants. the three children were between 7 and 9 yr old, and had received kidney transplants 2-4 ... | 2002 | 12234274 |
| genomic variations among bartonella henselae isolates derived from naturally infected cats. | the purpose of this study was to understand the mechanisms of persistent infection with bartonella henselae in cats. blood samples were collected from three naturally infected cats for 24 months. these cats were confirmed to be persistently infected with b. henselae by serological and bacteriological examination. relapsing bacteremia was found in all three cats with intervals of 3-19 months. following the peaks of bacteremia, increases of specific antibody titer were observed in these cats. to e ... | 2002 | 12243898 |
| identification of bartonella bacilliformis genotypes and their relevance to epidemiological investigations of human bartonellosis. | genotypic diversity among 26 isolates of bartonella bacilliformis obtained from different areas of peru, and at different times, was assessed by comparison of dna sequences derived from 16s-23s ribosomal dna intergenic spacer regions (isr) and a citrate synthase gene (glta) fragment and by amplified fragment length polymorphism (aflp) analysis. glta comparison divided the isolates into two groups, whereas isr comparison revealed six sequences. aflp analysis using a selective primer delineated fi ... | 2002 | 12354853 |
| improved culture from lymph nodes of patients with cat scratch disease and genotypic characterization of bartonella henselae isolates in australia. | over a 4-year period we detected bartonella henselae isolates in 104 of 297 specimens (35.1%) from australian patients clinically suspected of having cat scratch disease by amplification of a fragment of the htra gene. we isolated 17 b. henselae strains (20.5%) from the 83 pcr-positive human specimens available for culture. our culture method was based on prolonged incubation in a moist atmosphere of blood agar to which hemin was added. we obtained more b. henselae isolates than the number of al ... | 2002 | 12354855 |
| genetic classification and differentiation of bartonella species based on comparison of partial ftsz gene sequences. | currently, 19 species are recognized in the genus bartonella, 7 of which are involved in an increasing variety of human diseases. development of molecular tools for detection, identification, and subtyping of strains and isolates has promoted research on bartonella spp. we amplified and sequenced the portion of the ftsz gene encoding the n-terminal region of the cell division protein for 13 bartonella species: bartonella alsatica, b. birtlesii, b. doshiae, b. elizabethae, b. grahami, b. koehlera ... | 2002 | 12354859 |
| cases from the osler medical service at johns hopkins university. bartonella henselae infection of the liver and spleen. | | 2002 | 12361825 |
| [endocarditis due to bartonella henselae on a native valve. a new case with some notable aspects]. | | 2002 | 12372243 |
| comparative genomics of microbial pathogens and symbionts. | we are interested in quantifying the contribution of gene acquisition, loss, expansion and rearrangements to the evolution of microbial genomes. here, we discuss factors influencing microbial genome divergence based on pair-wise genome comparisons of closely related strains and species with different lifestyles. a particular focus is on intracellular pathogens and symbionts of the genera rickettsia, bartonella and buchnera: extensive gene loss and restricted access to phage and plasmid pools may ... | 2002 | 12385978 |
| co-infection with esptein-barr virus and bartonella henselae resulting in systemic bartonellosis. | | 2002 | 12387781 |
| first molecular evidence of new bartonella spp. in fleas and a tick from peru. | fleas, lice, and ticks collected in peru in a suburban area of cusco in november 1998 were tested by polymerase chain reaction for the presence of bartonella dna using primers amplifying a fragment of the intergenic spacer region (its) gene. three new bartonella genotypes were detected in pulex fleas self-collected from the beds and clothes of schoolchildren and adults. a fourth new genotype was also detected from a tick found on a sheep in the same area. one of the genotypes is closely related ... | 2002 | 12389935 |
| activation of rac, cdc42 and other downstream signalling molecules by bartonella bacilliformis during entry into human endothelial cells. | bartonella bacilliformis is an intracellular bacterial pathogen of human endothelial cells. in vitro incubation of b. bacilliformis with human endothelial cells leads to the formation of filamentous actin extensions (filopodia) within 30 min, followed by formation of membrane rufflings or lamellipodia within 1 h of incubation. by immunofluorescence, f-actin phalloidin staining and anti-rac antibodies were shown to co-localize in the membrane rufflings, indicating the recruitment of activated rac ... | 2002 | 12390349 |
| joint and bone infections due to anaerobic bacteria in children. | the current review describes the microbiology, diagnosis and management of septic arthritis and osteomyelitis due to anaerobic bacteria in children. staphylococcus aureus, haemophilus influenzae type-b, and group a streptococcus, streptococcus pneumoniae, kingela kingae, neisseria meningiditis and salmonella spp are the predominant aerobic bacteria that cause arthritis in children. gonococcal arthritis can occur in sexually active adolescents. the predominant aerobes causing osteomyelitis in chi ... | 2002 | 12396847 |
| cat scratch disease. transmission and treatment. answers still unfolding. | | 2002 | 12400315 |
| antigenic and genotypic relationships between bartonella henselae strains. | | 2002 | 12409443 |
| regulation of brucella virulence by the two-component system bvrr/bvrs. | the brucella bvrr/bvrs two-component regulatory system is highly similar to the regulatory and sensory proteins of sinorhizobium and agrobacterium necessary for endosymbiosis and pathogenicity in plants, and very similar to a putative system present in the animal pathogen bartonella. mutations in the bvrr or bvrs genes hamper the penetration of b. abortus in non-phagocytic cells and impairs intracellular trafficking and virulence. in contrast to virulent brucella, bvrr/bvrs mutants do not recrui ... | 2002 | 12414153 |
| the virb/vird4 type iv secretion system of bartonella is essential for establishing intraerythrocytic infection. | bartonellae are pathogenic bacteria uniquely adapted to cause intraerythrocytic infection in their human or animal reservoir host(s). experimental infection of rats by bartonella tribocorum revealed the initial colonization of a yet unidentified niche outside of circulating blood. this primary niche periodically seeds bacteria into the bloodstream, resulting in the invasion and persistent intracellular colonisation of erythrocytes. here, this animal model was used for a genetic analysis of the v ... | 2002 | 12421311 |
| [prevalence of bartonella spp. seropositivity in human immunodeficiency virus-infected and non infected intravenous drug abusers]. | serology is an useful tool in the diagnosis of bartonella spp. infections in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) seronegative patients. the value of this technique in hiv co-infected individuals is unknown. the aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of bartonella spp. seropositivity among intravenous drugs abusers (ida), both hiv-infected and non-infected. | 2002 | 12421507 |
| [vertebral osteomyelitis associated with cat scratch disease]. | | 2002 | 12433360 |
| activation and apoptosis of macrophages in cat scratch disease. | cat scratch disease is an infectious disease usually caused by bartonella henselae. within 1-3 weeks after inoculation, patients typically develop regional self-limited lymphadenopathy. lymph nodes reveal granulomas consisting of central necrosis, an inner rim of palisading macrophages, and an outer rim of lymphocytes and non-palisading macrophages. in animals, cat-scratch disease leads to an interferon-gamma (ifngamma)-mediated t-helper 1 immune response, resulting in macrophage recruitment, st ... | 2002 | 12434424 |
| molecular and microscopical evidence of ehrlichia spp. and borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in patients, animals and ticks in the czech republic. | we report moderately severe cases of human ehrlichiosis and a lethal one caused by human granulocytic ehrlichia, the hge agent, closely related to ehrlichia phagocytophila and ehrlichia equi. their vector is the ixodes ricinus tick, which also transmits borrelia burgorferi sensu lato in central, west and east regions of the czech republic. the diagnosis was established by pcr with sequence analysis of the genes encoding 16s rrna of ehrlichia and with reverse hybridization by using enzyme linked ... | 2002 | 12437223 |
| prevalence study of antibody to ratborne pathogens and other agents among patients using a free clinic in downtown los angeles. | norway rats (rattus norvegicus) are hosts for various microbes. homeless people who have contact with rats may be at risk of infection by them. the los angeles county department of health services initiated a seroepidemiologic study among patients who used a free clinic in downtown los angeles; 200 serum specimens obtained for other routine assays were tested for antibodies to ratborne pathogens and other agents. the seroprevalence of antibody to hepatitis e virus in this population was 13.6%; t ... | 2002 | 12447746 |
| molecular epidemiology of bartonella henselae infection in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients and their cat contacts, using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and genotyping. | bartonella henselae causes severe disease in immunocompromised individuals. b. henselae was isolated from 12 human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected individuals with bacillary angiomatosis and/or peliosis hepatis and from their 15 cat contacts. specific associations between the 2 b. henselae genotypes, individual pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) patterns, and different clinical syndromes and pathogenicity were investigated. the role of cat contacts as the source of human infection was ... | 2002 | 12447758 |
| bartonella: new explanations for old diseases. | | 2002 | 12448674 |
| [achievement by hideyo noguchi]. | | 2002 | 12451642 |
| bartonella henselae and bartonella elizabethae as potential canine pathogens. | bartonella henselae or bartonella elizabethae dna from edta-anticoagulated blood samples obtained from four dogs was amplified and sequenced. the results showed that b. elizabethae should be added to the list of bartonella species (i.e., b. vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii, b. henselae, and b. clarridgeiae) that are currently recognized as infectious agents in dogs. furthermore, these results may have potential zoonotic implications, particularly if dogs can serve as a previously unrecognized reservoi ... | 2002 | 12454170 |
| limited diversity among human isolates of bartonella henselae. | a study of 59 isolates of bartonella henselae reveals relatively limited diversity among those of human origin (n = 28). either of two distinct alleles of both glta and 16s ribosomal dna (rdna) was found in all isolates, with a high level of congruity between 16s and glta inheritance among proven human pathogens. human isolates from all over eastern australia were most commonly 16s rdna (bergmans) type i, with the same glta allele as the type strain (houston-1). comparable feline isolates were m ... | 2002 | 12454174 |
| rickettsial, ehrlichial and bartonella infections of the myocardium and pericardium. | myocarditis and pericarditis are uncommon complications of human rickettsial, ehrlichial and bartonella infections. myocardial inflammation usually occurs in the setting of acute disseminated infection. organisms associated with myocarditis include: rickettsia rickettsii, r. conorii, orientia tsutsugamushi, coxiella burnetii, anaplasma phagocytophila (the causative agent of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis) and bartonella henselae. pericarditis has been described in the setting of r. conorii and ... | 2003 | 12456377 |
| application of broad-range 16s rrna pcr amplification and dgge fingerprinting for detection of tick-infecting bacteria. | ticks play an important role in the transmission of arthropod-borne diseases of viral, protozoal and bacterial origin. the present article describes a molecular-biological based method, which facilitated the broad-range analyses of bacterial communities in ixodid ticks (ixodes ricinus). dna was extracted both from single ticks and pooled adult ticks. eubacterial 16s rrna gene fragments (16s rdna) were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) with broad-range ribosomal primers. sequences span ... | 2003 | 12459246 |
| vertebral osteomyelitis in 2 children. | | 2002 | 12462322 |
| urban trench fever in a healthy man from the southeastern united states. | | 2002 | 12471587 |
| vertebral osteomyelitis due to bartonella henselae in adults: a report of 2 cases. | we describe 2 adult patients (1 of whom was infected with human immunodeficiency virus) with osteomyelitis due to bartonella henselae. diagnosis was established on the basis of direct identification of the microorganism in one case and seroconversion in the other. both patients recovered completely within 3 months. | 2002 | 12471592 |
| high rate of bartonella henselae infection in hiv-positive outpatients in johannesburg, south africa. | the emerging opportunistic pathogen bartonella henselae has a wide range of clinical presentation, which includes, particularly, bacillary angiomatosis. this non-random pilot survey of outpatients attending hiv clinics in johannesburg, south africa, sampled 188 patients, in whom there was a 10% prevalence of bartonella bacteraemia, as determined by nested polymerase chain reaction. | 2002 | 12474487 |
| infection and re-infection of domestic cats with various bartonella species or types: b. henselae type i is protective against heterologous challenge with b. henselae type ii. | four bartonella species have been isolated from domestic cats, of which two serotypes/genotypes of bartonella henselae and possibly b. clarridgeiae are human pathogens, causing cat scratch disease (csd).our objectives were to evaluate infection and potential cross-protection during re-infection in domestic cats with various bartonella species or types.thirty-six cats were primarily inoculated with b. henselae type i (n=16), b. henselae type ii (n=10), b. clarridgeiae (n=6) or b. koehlerae (n=4). ... | 2003 | 12488072 |
| laboratory diagnosis of bartonella infections. | bartonella species are pathogens of emerging and reemerging significance, causing a wide array of clinical syndromes. in north america and europe, they are increasingly recognized as a cause of culture negative endocarditis, neuroretinitis, and disease among homeless, hiv-infected, and other immunosuppressed individuals. in south america, bartonellosis continues to plague those in endemic regions and poses a significant threat to travelers in these areas. as the clinician is increasingly faced w ... | 2002 | 12489289 |
| isolated splenic cat scratch disease in an immunocompetent adult woman. | we report a case of isolated splenic cat scratch disease in an immunocompetent woman. the clinical presentation of prolonged fever, night sweats, weakness, and intrasplenic lesions was highly suggestive of lymphoma. this is the second reported case of isolated splenic cat scratch disease in an adult and the first in a healthy adult. | 2003 | 12491224 |
| studies on the growth of bartonella henselae in the cat flea (siphonaptera: pulicidae). | two out of three pools of cat fleas, ctenocephalides felis (bouche), that were fed bartonella henselae-positive cat blood for 3 d and then bovine blood for 3 d, were polymerase chain reaction (pcr) positive for b. henselae. in a second experiment, three cats were inoculated with a streptomycin-resistant strain of b. henselae. after the cats were inoculated, caged cat fleas were fed on the cats during three different periods, and then pooled and transferred to noninfected recipient cats. in the f ... | 2002 | 12495192 |
| experimental infection of specific pathogen free (spf) cats with two different strains of bartonella henselae type i: a comparative study. | domestic cats are the reservoir of bartonella henselae, the main causative agent of cat scratch disease. we compared b. henselae type i infection characteristics in 6 spf cats infected with a feline strain (4.8 x 10(7) colony-forming units (cfu)/ml) and in 6 spf cats infected with the reference houston i strain (6.6 x 10(6) cfu/ml to 9.6 x 10(7) /ml). all the cats inoculated with the feline strain, but none of the cats inoculated with b. henselae houston i, developed a fever within 2-12 days (me ... | 2002 | 12498568 |
| human pathogens in body and head lice. | using polymerase chain reaction and sequencing, we investigated the prevalence of rickettsia prowazekii, bartonella quintana, and borrelia recurrentis in 841 body lice collected from various countries. we detected r. prowazekii in body lice from burundi in 1997 and in lice from burundi and rwanda in 2001; b. quintana infections of body lice were widespread. we did not detect b. recurrentis in any lice. | 2002 | 12498677 |
| gyra mutations in ciprofloxacin-resistant bartonella bacilliformis strains obtained in vitro. | we isolated and characterized mutants of bartonella bacilliformis that are resistant to the fluoroquinolone antibiotic ciprofloxacin, which targets the a subunit of dna gyrase. mutants had single point mutations in the gyra gene that changed either asp-90 to gly or asp-95 to asn and had 3- or 16-fold higher resistance, respectively, to ciprofloxacin than did wild-type b. bacilliformis. asp-95 is homologous to asp-87 of escherichia coli gyra and is a common residue mutated in fluoroquinolone-resi ... | 2003 | 12499219 |
| cutaneous bacillary angiomatosis. | bacillary angiomatosis is characterized by unique vascular lesions caused by infection with a small gram staining bacillus of the genus bartonella. it usually occurs in immunocompromised persons but can also occur in immunocompetent persons. we report a case of cutaneous bacillary angiomatosis in a 5-year-old immunocompetent child. he had infected lesions on the lips, after an injury, which was followed by lesions over the knees, buttocks, near the ankles and the elbows. diagnosis was proved on ... | 2002 | 12503674 |
| [bartonella quintana infective endocarditis in an immunocompetent senegalese man]. | | 2002 | 12504245 |
| spatial analysis of yersinia pestis and bartonella vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii seroprevalence in california coyotes (canis latrans). | zoonotic transmission of sylvatic plague caused by yersinia pestis occurs in california, usa. human infections with various bartonella species have been reported recently. coyotes (canis latrans) are ubiquitous throughout california and can become infected with both bacterial agents, making the species useful for surveillance purposes. this study examined the geographic distribution of 863 coyotes tested for y. pestis and bartonella vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii serologic status to gain insight int ... | 2003 | 12507856 |
| investigation of the phylogenetic relationships within the genus bartonella based on comparative sequence analysis of the rnpb gene, 16s rdna and 23s rdna. | a variety of genes and analytical methods have been applied to the study of phylogenetic relationships within the genus bartonella, but so far the results have been inconsistent. while previous studies analysed single protein-encoding genes, we have analysed an alignment containing the sequences of three important phylogenetic markers, rnase p rna, 16s rrna and 23s rrna, merged by catenation, to determine the phylogenetic relationships within the genus bartonella. the dataset described here comp ... | 2002 | 12508871 |
| clinical microbiological case: severe relapsing septal panniculitis in a healthy man from the south-eastern usa. | | 2002 | 12519353 |
| western immunoblotting for bartonella endocarditis. | to differentiate infectious endocarditis (ie) from other bartonella infections and to identify infecting bartonella bacteria at the species level on a serological basis, we used western immunoblotting to test sera from 51 patients with bartonella ie (of which 27 had previously benefited from species identification by molecular techniques), 11 patients with chronic bartonella quintana bacteremia, and 10 patients with cat scratch disease. patients with ie were western blot positive in 49 of 51 cas ... | 2003 | 12522046 |
| detection of bartonella henselae and bartonella clarridgeiae dna in hepatic specimens from two dogs with hepatic disease. | a 4-year-old basset hound and a 6-year-old doberman pinscher were referred for diagnostic evaluation following documentation of persistently increased hepatic enzyme activities and hepatic dysfunction. histologic evaluation of hepatic biopsy specimens from the 2 dogs revealed granulomatous hepatitis in the basset hound and lymphocytic hepatitis with fibrosis and copper accumulation in the doberman pinscher. no etiologic agents were identified histologically. bartonella henselae dna was subsequen ... | 2003 | 12523479 |
| cat scratch disease in japan. | | 2002 | 12525891 |
| cat scratch disease: analysis of 130 seropositive cases. | to clarify the clinical manifestations of cat scratch disease (csd), we evaluated a total of 130 seropositive patients with csd. the patients' ages ranged from 1 to 68 years; 103 (79.2%) were under 18 years of age. csd occurred predominantly in the fall and winter months. regional lymphadenopathy was noted in 110 (84.6%) of the cases, and the most common sites were the neck (33%), axillary (27%), and inguinal (18%) regions. one hundred of the patients (77%) had general symptoms, such as fever, h ... | 2002 | 12525897 |
| a prospective study of cat-scratch disease in lima-peru. | cat-scratch disease (csd) is a benign lymphadenitis that may progress to severe or recurrent forms, and it is occasionally associated with morbidity. between january of 1998 and march of 1999, forty-three suspected csd patients were assessed in the hospital cayetano heredia and the instituto de salud del niño, in lima, peru. twelve patients had a confirmed diagnosis, 8 of whom were women, and the mean age was 10 years old. the majority (53%) of the cases were encountered in the summer. all patie ... | 2002 | 12532216 |
| [three cases of bartonellosis (cat scratch disease)]. | in the last years the number of bartonella species has conspicuously increased, with better clinical and diagnostic definitions of the different related illnesses. we report, in the present article, 3 cases of cat-scratch disease, a particular bartonellosis mainly caused by bartonella henselae which is transmitted by the cat. after an incubation period, cat-scratch disease clinically manifests as a regional lymphoadenitis, with the appearance of a small cutaneous lesion at the site of inoculatio ... | 2002 | 12532565 |
| bartonella henselae infective endocarditis in north queensland. | | 2003 | 12534881 |
| five-member gene family of bartonella quintana. | bartonella quintana, the agent of trench fever and an etiologic agent of bacillary angiomatosis, has an extraordinarily high hemin requirement for growth compared to other bacterial pathogens. we previously identified the major hemin receptor of the pathogen as a 30-kda surface protein, termed hbpa. this report describes four additional homologues that share approximately 48% amino acid sequence identity with hbpa. three of the genes form a paralagous cluster, termed hbpcab, whereas the other me ... | 2003 | 12540561 |
| interaction of pathogens with the endothelium. | the endothelium lines the inner surface of the vessel wall establishing a multifunctional, semi-permeable cellular barrier at blood-tissue interface. the large total surface of the endothelium is exposed to pathogens, pathogen-derived products as well as to agents of the activated host defense during an inflammatory reaction. the endothelium is not only specifically targeted by important infective agents like rickettsiae (1) or bartonella (2), it is involved in virtually most, if not all, acute ... | 2003 | 12540949 |
| aids presenting with cutaneous kaposi's sarcoma and bacillary angiomatosis in the bone marrow mimicking kaposi's sarcoma. | kaposi's sarcoma (ks) and bacillary angiomatosis (ba) may be histologically similar. a precise diagnosis is required because of the different management of these diseases. ks or ba involving bone marrow is rare in patients with and without acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids). we report the case of a 40-year-old human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-positive homosexual male who presented with small ks lesions in the skin and ba in the bone marrow that histologically were similar. laboratory e ... | 2002 | 12542930 |
| culture and antibiotic susceptibility of bartonella quintana in human erythrocytes. | bartonella quintana, the agent of trench fever, has recently been implicated in various diseases, in particular, bacteremia and endocarditis in homeless people. the host cell of bartonella spp. is believed to be the erythrocyte, and in the present study we demonstrate that b. quintana can be cultured in vitro in human erythrocytes. the bacteria were found to be intraerythrocytic by laser confocal microscopy with bartonella species-specific monoclonal antibodies. infections with b. quintana decre ... | 2003 | 12543668 |
| mass lesions of the posterior segment associated with bartonella henselae. | | 2003 | 12543767 |
| outcome and treatment of bartonella endocarditis. | endocarditis caused by bartonella species is a potentially lethal infection characterized by a subacute evolution and severe valvular lesions. | 2003 | 12546614 |
| cat-scratch disease presenting as a solitary tumour in the breast: report of three cases. | cat-scratch disease (csd) may appear as a solitary mass in the breast and give the impression of a breast carcinoma. in this case, further clinical and laboratory investigation is required to rule out malignancy. we present three cases of csd of the breast in women of 64, 31 and 61 years old. each presented with enlarged lymph-nodes in the breast, which were clinically mistaken for solitary tumours. in the first two patients, the mammography was negative. the third patient had a mammogram which ... | 2003 | 12551788 |
| new world origins for haemoparasites infecting united kingdom grey squirrels (sciurus carolinensis), as revealed by phylogenetic analysis of bartonella infecting squirrel populations in england and the united states. | phylogenetic analyses of bartonella have suggested divergence between bartonellae that infect mammals native to the old and new worlds. we characterized bartonella isolated from eastern grey squirrels (sciurius carolinensis) in the united states and from grey and red squirrels (sciurus vulgaris) in the united kingdom by nucleotide sequence comparison (glta and groel). isolates from grey squirrels in the united states and the united kingdom were identical, and most similar to bartonella vinsonii, ... | 2002 | 12558350 |
| cat scratch disease (csd) in patients with stellate neuroretinitis: 3 cases. | this case series describes three patients with a similar clinical picture: unilateral abrupt visual loss, optic nerve edema, and a macular star exudate. in all cases we found significant antibody titers to bartonella henselae, the causative agent of cat scratch disease. cat scratch disease seems to be the most common cause of stellate neuroretinitis, formerly known as leber's idiopathic stellate retinopathy. a review of the pertinent literature shows that serologic evidence of b. henselae is suf ... | 2002 | 12564316 |
| bartonella strains from ground squirrels are identical to bartonella washoensis isolated from a human patient. | the most likely animal source of a human case of cardiac disease in washoe county, nev., was identified by comparison of dna sequences of three genes (citrate synthase glta, 60-kda heat shock protein gene groel, and 16s rrna gene) of bartonella washoensis cultured from the human patient in question and of bartonella isolates obtained from the following nevada rodents: peromyscus maniculatus (17 isolates), tamias minimus (11 isolates), spermophilus lateralis (3 isolates), and spermophilus beechey ... | 2003 | 12574261 |
| comparison of pcr assays for detection of the agent of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis, anaplasma phagocytophilum. | human granulocytic ehrlichiosis is an emerging infectious disease in the united states and europe, and pcr methods have been shown to be effective for the diagnosis of acute infections. numerous pcr assays and primer sets have been reported in the literature. the analytical sensitivities (limits of detection) of 13 published pcr primer sets were compared using dna extracted from serial dilutions of anaplasma phagocytophilum-infected hl-60 cells. the specificity of the assays that were able to de ... | 2003 | 12574272 |
| molecular diagnosis of infective endocarditis by pcr amplification and direct sequencing of dna from valve tissue. | we used broad-range eubacterial pcr amplification followed by direct sequencing to identify microbial pathogens in heart valve material from 29 patients with histologically confirmed infective endocarditis and 23 patients free of infective endocarditis. microorganisms cultured by conventional techniques matched those identified by pcr in 21 cases. pcr alone identified the causative agent in three cases (streptococcus bovis, staphylococcus cohnii, and coxiella burnetii), allowing better patient m ... | 2003 | 12574279 |
| [cat scratch disease--diagnostic problems]. | etiology, epidemiology and clinical symptoms of mollaret's disease, also known as cat-scratch disease, were described. four cases of treated patients were presented. one patient with a history of type i diabetes mellitus presented clinical symptoms of mollaret's disease, however, after investigation he was finally diagnosed with malignant lymphoma and was given chemotherapy. in other cases some symptoms were also doubtful, but the final diagnoses were made upon positive results of serological re ... | 2002 | 12577490 |
| characterization of the cryptic plasmid pbgr1 from bartonella grahamii and construction of a versatile escherichia coli-bartonella spp. shuttle cloning vector. | we report herein the isolation and molecular characterization of pbgr1, the first native plasmid isolated from the genus bartonella. cloning and sequencing revealed a 2725-base pair (bp) cryptic plasmid comprising two open reading frames of considerable length, which were designated rep and mob. the regions containing rep and mob are separated by 140-bp inverted repeat sequences and display a difference in g + c content from one another. a 1435-bp saci-bcli fragment containing the rep gene is su ... | 2003 | 12584000 |
| blood culture negative endocarditis: analysis of 63 cases presenting over 25 years. | to analyse cases of blood culture negative endocarditis (bcne) seen at st thomas' hospital, london, between 1975 and 2000. | 2003 | 12591823 |
| hemin binding, functional expression, and complementation analysis of pap 31 from bartonella henselae. | growth of bartonella henselae is strongly heme dependent, and b. henselae is unable to synthesize heme itself. at least five outer membrane-associated proteins from b. henselae bind hemin, including the 31-kda protein designated pap31. the gene of this protein was heterologously expressed in escherichia coli m15(prep4) and detected with monoclonal antibodies in the outer membrane fraction. complementation of the hema-deficient mutant e. coli k-12 eb53 (arob tsx malt hema) with pap31 demonstrated ... | 2003 | 12591895 |
| diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging abnormalities in bartonella encephalopathy. | the authors describe 2 patients with new-onset, refractory status epilepticus and serological evidence for bartonella infection. brain magnetic resonance imaging (mri) in patient 1 showed transient diffusion abnormalities in the posterior (pulvinar) thalami. in patient 2, brain mri showed several enhancing cortical lesions, of which one lesion was bright on diffusion-weighted imaging (dwi). in patients with unexplained, refractory seizures, the presence of dwi abnormalities warrants a search for ... | 2003 | 12593136 |
| clinical quiz: cat scratch disease. | | 2003 | 12593397 |
| unusual presentation of cat scratch disease in hiv+ patient. | | 2003 | 12598467 |
| bartonella quintana bacteremia and overproduction of interleukin-10: model of bacterial persistence in homeless people. | chronic asymptomatic bacteremia caused by bartonella quintana occurs in homeless people, but its pathophysiology is unknown. we investigated homeless people with bacteremia to determine whether the persistence of b. quintana is associated with a specific immune profile. homeless people without b. quintana infection exhibited an inflammatory profile--levels of circulating markers of leukocyte activation (soluble interleukin [il]-2 receptor and neopterin) and cytokines released by mononuclear cell ... | 2003 | 12599058 |
| [seroprevalence of bartonella henselae and bartonella quintana infections in poland in 1998-2001]. | bartonella henselae and bartonella quintana infections result in illnesses with symptoms of severity ranging from mild lymphadenopathy (csd) to systemic disease. the aim of the study was to estimate a prevalence of b. henselae and b. quintana infections in human in poland. serum samples collected from 265 patients in 1998-2001 were tested for the presence of antibodies specific to b. henselae and b. quintana. levels of serum igm and igg antibodies to bartonella henselae and bartonella quintana w ... | 2002 | 12608089 |
| bartonella infection in sylvatic small mammals of central sweden. | sylvatic small mammals were captured in rural habitats near uppsala, sweden, to measure the prevalence of bartonella infections, characterize bacterial isolates and identify their host range, and increase our understanding of host-pathogen ecology. during 7 nights of trapping at 3 localities, 236 small mammals were captured (trap success 30%). bartonella were isolated from bloods of apodemus flavicollis (19 of 110 tested), apodemus sylvaticus (6/25), clethrionomys glareolus (9/60), microtus agre ... | 2003 | 12613756 |
| in vitro bartonella quintana infection modulates the programmed cell death and inflammatory reaction of endothelial cells. | bartonella quintana is an epicellular bacterium, which in vivo as well as in vitro, invades endothelial cells and develops within them inducing proliferative effects that play a pivotal role in neovascular manifestation of this disease. we investigated the effect of live bartonella quintana and its lps on apoptosis and inflammatory response in huvec-c, an endothelial cell line. the kinetics of the programmed cell death of bartonella quintana-infected huvec-c showed a peculiar course. even if ear ... | 2003 | 12614981 |
| type iv transporters of pathogenic bacteria. | type iv transporters are produced by several bacterial pathogens such as agrobacterium tumefaciens, bordetella pertussis, brucella spp., bartonella henselae, helicobacter pylori and legionella pneumophila. these transporters are critical for the pathogenic process in that they export important virulence factors across the membranes of the bacteria. although the virulence factors that are exported by these transporters can be either nucleic acid or protein, the general mechanism of transport appe ... | 2003 | 12615216 |
| recent progress in understanding bartonella-induced vascular proliferation. | the ability to induce endothelial cell proliferation is a common feature of human pathogenic bartonella species. recent data have indicated that bartonellae can provoke angioproliferation by at least two independent mechanisms: directly, by triggering proliferation and inhibiting apoptosis of endothelial cells; and indirectly, by stimulating a paracrine angiogenic loop of vascular endothelial growth factor production by infected macrophages. a nf-kappab-mediated acute inflammatory reaction of th ... | 2003 | 12615221 |
| guidelines for preventing opportunistic infections among hiv-infected persons--2002. recommendations of the u.s. public health service and the infectious diseases society of america. | in 1995, the u.s. public health service (usphs) and the infectious diseases society of america (idsa) developed guidelines for preventing opportunistic infections (ois) among persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv); these guidelines were updated in 1997 and 1999. this fourth edition of the guidelines, made available on the internet in 2001, is intended for clinicians and other health-care providers who care for hiv-infected persons. the goal of these guidelines is to provide evi ... | 2002 | 12617574 |
| a rhizobium leguminosarum acpxl mutant produces lipopolysaccharide lacking 27-hydroxyoctacosanoic acid. | the structure of the lipid a from rhizobium etli and rhizobium leguminosarum lipopolysaccharides (lpss) lacks phosphate and contains a galacturonosyl residue at its 4' position, an acylated 2-aminogluconate in place of the proximal glucosamine, and a very long chain omega-1 hydroxy fatty acid, 27-hydroxyoctacosanoic acid (27ohc28:0). the 27ohc28:0 moiety is common in lipid a's among members of the rhizobiaceae and also among a number of the facultative intracellular pathogens that form chronic i ... | 2003 | 12618448 |
| [three toddlers with a swelling in the neck]. | three children, a girl aged 2.5 years and two boys aged 2 and 3 years respectively, presented with unilateral cervical lymphadenitis. the first patient had acute bacterial lymphadenitis due to group a streptococcus, characterised by a painful cervical swelling of acute onset. the second patient had painless cervical lymphadenitis caused by mycobacterium avium-intracellulare, which drained spontaneously. the third patient developed a non-tender, cervical swelling within a day. he too was systemic ... | 2003 | 12621974 |
| diagnosis of bartonella endocarditis by a real-time nested pcr assay using serum. | bartonella endocarditis is a severe disease for which blood cultures frequently remain negative. we tested three pcr assays by using specimens of serum sampled early during the disease from 43 patients diagnosed in our laboratory as having bartonella endocarditis on the basis of serological, culture, and/or valvular molecular detection. we tested a two-step nested pcr (tsn-pcr), a one-step nested pcr (osn-pcr) with a regular thermal cycler, and a one-step nested pcr with the lightcycler (lcn-pcr ... | 2003 | 12624010 |
| detection and identification of bartonella species pathogenic for humans by pcr amplification targeting the riboflavin synthase gene (ribc). | several bartonella species have now been implicated as human pathogens. the recovery of these fastidious organisms in the clinical microbiology laboratory remains difficult, and current methods are still relatively insensitive. thus, the bartonellae are good candidates for detection by pcr. we have developed a pcr assay which uses a single primer pair targeting the riboflavin synthase gene (ribc) and detected six bartonella species that have been implicated in human disease, b. henselae, b. quin ... | 2003 | 12624031 |
| in search of encephalitis etiologies: diagnostic challenges in the california encephalitis project, 1998-2000. | the california encephalitis project was initiated in june 1998 to identify the causes and characterize the clinical and epidemiologic features of encephalitis in california. testing for >or=13 agents, including herpesviruses, enteroviruses, arboviruses, bartonella species, chlamydia species, and mycoplasma pneumoniae, was performed at the viral and rickettsial disease laboratory (richmond, california). epidemiologic and clinical information collected for each case guided further testing. from ju ... | 2003 | 12627357 |
| phase variation in bartonella henselae. | bartonella henselae is a fastidious, gram-negative bacterial pathogen of cats and humans. previous workers have shown that serial passage in vitro leads to attenuation of virulence-associated attributes such as expression of pili, invasion of human epithelial cell lines and the stimulation of endothelial cell proliferation. in contrast to the published data, it was found that pilin expression is frequently preserved in organisms which have undergone phase variation in vitro. transition from a sl ... | 2003 | 12634331 |
| oral corticosteroids in cat-scratch disease. | | 2003 | 12635985 |
| detection of bartonella henselae dna using polymerase chain reaction assay in patient with cat scratch disease. | | 2003 | 12636034 |
| bartonella henselae in ixodes ricinus ticks (acari: ixodida) removed from humans, belluno province, italy. | the potential role of ticks as vectors of bartonella species has recently been suggested. in this study, we investigated the presence of bartonella species in 271 ticks removed from humans in belluno province, italy. by using primers derived from the 60-kda heat shock protein gene sequences, bartonella dna was amplified and sequenced from four ixodes ricinus ticks (1.48%). to confirm this finding, we performed amplification and partial sequencing of the pap31 protein and the cell division protei ... | 2003 | 12643827 |
| molecular detection of bartonella quintana, b. koehlerae, b. henselae, b. clarridgeiae, rickettsia felis, and wolbachia pipientis in cat fleas, france. | the prevalences of bartonella, rickettsia, and wolbachia were investigated in 309 cat fleas from france by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay and sequencing with primers derived from the glta gene for rickettsia, the its and pap31 genes for bartonella, and the 16s rrna gene for anaplasmataceae. positive pcr results were confirmed by using the lightcycler and specific primers for the rompb of rickettsia and glta of bartonella. r. felis was detected in 25 fleas (8.1%), w. pipientis, an insect s ... | 2003 | 12643829 |
| [cat scratch disease with posterior segment involvement]. | to describe the clinical characteristics of patients with cat scratch disease during the last 2 years. | 2003 | 12647335 |
| urban zoonoses caused by bartonella, coxiella, ehrlichia, and rickettsia species. | the last half of the 20th century witnessed an increase in the occurrence and recognition of urban zoonoses caused by members of the genera bartonella, coxiella, ehrlichia, and rickettsia, all traditionally considered to be members of the family rickettsiaceae. in recent years, new human pathogens (bartonella elizabethae, bartonella henselae, and rickettsia felis) have been recognized in urban environments. other newly recognized pathogens (ehrlichia chaffeensis and ehrlichia phagocytophila in t ... | 2001 | 12653141 |
| [hepatosplenic localization of cat scratch disease in immunocompetent adults. two cases]. | the infective agent responsible for cat scratch disease, bartonella henselae, is a rare cause of hepatic granulomatosis in immunocompetent adults. clinical features include a prolonged fever or more typical symptoms such as lymphadenopathy associated with painful hepatomegaly and a fever following a cat scratch or bite. images of micronodular hepatosplenic lesions on abdominal ultrasonography or computed tomography scan along with epithelioid granulomas in a liver biopsy can suggest this diagnos ... | 2003 | 12658133 |
| chlamydia pneumoniae, but not bartonella quintana, is associated with coronary heart disease: results of a french case-control study. | serologic cross-reactivity has been demonstrated between bartonella quintana and chlamydia pneumoniae. therefore, the association between antibodies to c. pneumoniae and coronary heart disease (chd) as described in the literature may be due to antibodies cross-reacting with b. quintana. to investigate this hypothesis, we evaluated, in a case-control study, the prevalence of c. pneumoniae and b. quintana antibodies among 296 cases with angiographically significant artery lesions and 170 controls ... | 2003 | 12667243 |
| cure of bartonella endocarditis of a prosthetic aortic valve without surgery: value of serologic follow-up. | bartonella species are emerging as an important cause of blood culture-negative endocarditis, but the optimal management of this disease has not been fully defined. we describe a case of subacute bartonella henselae endocarditis of a prosthetic aortic valve in an immunocompetent woman that was cured with long-term antibiotic therapy alone. in addition, we demonstrate that follow-up of serologic titers against b. henselae was helpful in assessing definitive cure of the infection. | 2003 | 12667258 |
| differential expression of the invasion-associated locus b (ialb) gene of bartonella bacilliformis in response to environmental cues. | bartonella bacilliformis is the causative agent of the biphasic human disease, oroya fever. during the primary disease phase, up to 100% of the circulating erythrocytes can be parasitized and 80% lysed. during the secondary phase of this disease, bacterial invasion shifts to endothelial cells lining the vasculature. b. bacilliformis is transferred between human hosts by the sandfly, lutzomyia verrucarum. to investigate the regulation of ialb by environmental cues signaling vector-to-host transmi ... | 2003 | 12668141 |
| primary lesion of cat-scratch disease and inguinal cat-scratch disease. | | 2003 | 12674683 |
| [bartonellosis]. | in the last years the number of bartonella species significantly raised, often with an epidemiological profile of emergent disease. b. bacilliformis is the etiological agent of carrion's disease. b. clarridgeiae has been associated, together with b. henselae, to cat-scratch disease (csd), whereas b. elizabethae to endocarditis and b. grahamii to neuroretinitis. b. henselae has been associated to csd and, in patients with immunodeficiency, together with b. quintana, to bacillary angiomatosis, to ... | 2003 | 12677790 |
| prevalence of bartonella henselae in young, healthy cats in sweden. | | 2003 | 12678262 |
| seroprevalence of bartonella henselae, toxoplasma gondii, fiv and felv infections in domestic cats in japan. | seroprevalence of bartonella henselae, toxoplasma gondii, feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) and feline leukemia virus (felv) infections was investigated in 1,447 domestic cats derived from the north (hokkaido) to the south (okinawa) prefectures in japan. of the cats investigated, 8.8% (128/1,447) were seropositive to b. henselae, 5.4% (78/1,447) to t. gondii, 9.8% (107/1,088) to fiv, and 2.9% (32/1,088) to felv, respectively. for b. henselae infection, the positive rate varied from 11.5% in ca ... | 2003 | 12680718 |
| [transverse myelitis associated with cat-scratch disease]. | | 2003 | 12681227 |