| detection of anaplasma marginale and a. phagocytophilum in bovine peripheral blood samples by duplex real-time reverse transcriptase pcr assay. | insufficient diagnostic sensitivity and specificity coupled with the potential for cross-reactivity among closely related anaplasma species has made the accurate determination of infection status problematic. a method for the development of simplex and duplex real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase pcr (qrt-pcr) assays for the detection of a. marginale and a. phagocytophilum 16s rrna in plasma-free bovine peripheral blood samples is described. the duplex assay was able to detect as few as 1 ... | 2010 | 20463162 |
| a comparison of six primer sets for detection of trypanosoma evansi by polymerase chain reaction in rodents and thai livestock. | to face the worldwide threat of surra caused by trypanosoma evansi, international organizations have stressed the need to evaluate and standardize diagnostic tools. pcr detection of t. evansi has known a great expansion during the last 20 years, but primer sets are often insufficiently assessed and compared. in this work, we compared the performances of six primer pairs-tbr1/2 (masiga et al., 1992), esag6/7 (holland et al., 2001a, b), tepan1/2 (panyim et al., 1993), pmutec f/r (wuyts et al., 199 ... | 2010 | 20466489 |
| a novel ehrlichia genotype detected in naturally infected cattle in north america. | during a research investigation to determine if cattle from british columbia (bc), canada were infected with anaplasma marginale or other related rickettsial blood parasites, a novel ehrlichia genotype was revealed. blood from seven bc source cattle was bioassayed by intravenous inoculation into naïve splenectomised calves. additional splenectomised calves were used as uninoculated negative control or a. marginale-inoculated positive control. newly designed sets of primers specific for the msp5 ... | 2010 | 20663613 |
| development and laboratory evaluation of a lateral flow device (lfd) for the serodiagnosis of theileria annulata infection. | several dna-based and serological tests have been established for the detection of theileria annulata infection, including polymerase chain reaction, reverse line blot and loop-mediated isothermal amplification, indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), and competitive elisa. in this study, we have applied knowledge from the development and application of a recombinant protein-based indirect elisa and competitive elisa to establish a rapid test for point-of-care diagnosis of t. annulat ... | 2010 | 20680339 |
| detecting and differentiating theileria sergenti and theileria sinensis in cattle and yaks by pcr based on major piroplasm surface protein (mpsp). | theileria sergenti and theileria sinensis are closely related members of benign theileria species found in cattle and yaks in china. they are morphologically indistinguishable. a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) targeting major piroplasm surface protein of t. sergenti and t. sinensis was developed in this study. the newly developed oligonucleotide primer set was able to specifically amplify the dna of t. sinensis and in conjunction with primers for t. sergenti and these two species could be detec ... | 2010 | 20685208 |
| pyrosequencing and characterization of immune response genes from the american dog tick, dermacentor variabilis (l.). | ticks continue to be a threat to animal and human health, and new and novel control strategies are needed for ticks and tick-borne pathogens. the characterization of the tick-pathogen interface and the tick immune response to microbial infections is fundamental toward the formulation of new control strategies for ticks and the pathogens they transmit. our overall hypothesis for this research is that the tick immune system manages the maintenance of pathogens. therefore, discovery of tick immune ... | 2010 | 20698900 |
| theileria parva genetic diversity and haemoparasite prevalence in cattle and wildlife in and around lake mburo national park in uganda. | wildlife, especially cape buffalo (syncerus caffer), are thought to act as a reservoir for many of the important tick-borne pathogens of cattle. in this study, we have determined the prevalence of the most significant tick-borne haemoparasites in wildlife (buffalo, impala, eland and bushbuck) as well as in cattle grazing inside and neighbouring lake mburo national park (lmnp) in uganda. a high percentage of buffalo were carriers of theileria parva, theileria mutans, theileria velifera, theileria ... | 2011 | 20827491 |
| comparison of iatrogenic transmission of anaplasma marginale in holstein steers via needle and needle-free injection techniques. | to compare iatrogenic transmission of anaplasma marginale during sham vaccination between needle and needle-free injection techniques. | 2010 | 20919904 |
| real time polymerase chain reaction to diagnose anaplasma marginale in cattle and deer (ozotoceros bezoarticus leucogaster) of the brazilian pantanal. | epizootiological study of anaplasma marginale in regions that contain various reservoir hosts, co-existence of rickettsia pathogens, and common vectors is a complicated task. to achieve diagnosis of this rickettsia in cattle and campeiro deer of brazilian pantanal, a comparison was made between a real time polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) with intercalating sybr green fluorochrome and primers based on msp5 gene of a. marginale; a conventional pcr (c-pcr); and parasitological examination using ... | 2010 | 20943025 |
| survey on blood-sucking lice (phthiraptera: anoplura) of ruminants and pigs with molecular detection of anaplasma and rickettsia spp. | lice may serve as biological or mechanical vectors for various infectious agents. to investigate louse infestation of ruminants and pigs, and pathogens potentially transmitted by them, anopluran lice (n=1182) were collected in hungary, and evaluated for the presence of anaplasma, rickettsia and haemotropic mycoplasma dna. on cattle the following species were found: linognathus vituli (57%), haematopinus eurysternus (38%) and solenopotes capillatus (5%). l. vituli had a lower mean individual coun ... | 2010 | 20943320 |
| anaplasma marginale infection with persistent high-load bacteremia induces a dysfunctional memory cd4+ t lymphocyte response but sustained high igg titers. | control of blood-borne infections is dependent on antigen-specific effector and memory t cells and high-affinity igg responses. in chronic infections characterized by a high antigen load, it has been shown that antigen-specific t and b cells are vulnerable to downregulation and apoptosis. anaplasma marginale is a persistent infection of cattle characterized by acute and chronic high-load bacteremia. we previously showed that cd4(+) t cells primed by immunization with an a. marginale outer membra ... | 2010 | 20943884 |
| characterization of pathogen-specific expression of host immune response genes in anaplasma and mycobacterium species infected ruminants. | anaplasma and mycobacterium species are among the most prevalent bacterial pathogens in european red deer (cervus elaphus) in south-central spain and are known to modify gene expression in ruminants. in this study, we used microarray hybridization and real-time rt-pcr analyses to characterize global gene expression profiles in red deer in response to anaplasma ovis and a. ovis/mycobacterium bovis/mycobacterium avium sub. paratuberculosis (map) infections, compare the expression of immune respons ... | 2010 | 20952064 |
| an update on bovine anaplasmosis (anaplasma marginale) in canada. | | 2010 | 21037882 |
| seroprevalence of anaplasma marginale in 2 iowa feedlots and its association with morbidity, mortality, production parameters, and carcass traits. | a prospective cohort observational study was conducted to investigate the seroprevalence of anaplasma marginale in iowa feedlots and its association with morbidity, mortality, and treatment costs. blood samples were taken from 659 calves from 31 consigners at processing and classified as seropositive to a. marginale using a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (celisa) with a 30% cutoff. health and production parameters were modeled by a. marginale serostatus with mixed model regression ... | 2010 | 21037886 |
| a review of bovine anaplasmosis. | bovine anaplasmosis, caused by anaplasma marginale, is an infectious but non-contagious disease. it is spread through tick bites or by the mechanical transfer of fresh blood from infected to susceptible cattle from biting flies or by blood-contaminated fomites including needles, ear tagging, dehorning and castration equipment. transplacental transmission of a. marginale may contribute to the epidemiology of bovine anaplasmosis in some regions. bovine anaplasmosis occurs in tropical and subtropic ... | 2010 | 21040509 |
| stability and tick transmission phenotype of gfp-transformed anaplasma marginale through a complete in vivo infection cycle. | we tested the stability and tick transmission phenotype of transformed anaplasma marginale through a complete in vivo infection cycle. similar to the wild type, the gfp-transformed a. marginale strain established infection in cattle, a natural reservoir host, and persisted in immune competent animals. the tick infection rates for the transformed a. marginale and the wild type were the same. however, there were significantly lower levels of the transformed a. marginale than of the wild type in th ... | 2010 | 21057014 |
| haemoparasite prevalence and theileria parva strain diversity in cape buffalo (syncerus caffer) in uganda. | cape buffalo (syncerus caffer) are considered to be an important reservoir for various tick-borne haemoparasites of veterinary importance. in this study we have compared the haemoparasite carrier prevalence in buffalo from four geographically isolated national parks in uganda [lake mburo national park (lmnp), queen elizabeth national park (qenp), murchison falls national park (mfnp) and kidepo valley national park (kvnp)]. differences were seen in haemoparasite prevalence in buffalo from the fou ... | 2010 | 21074945 |
| fatal bovine anaplasmosis in a herd with new genotypes of anaplasma marginale, anaplasma ovis and concurrent haemoplasmosis. | haematological and molecular analysis of blood samples was carried out during an outbreak of bovine anaplasmosis in hungary. acute disease was observed in five animals, two of which died. anaplasma-carrier state was diagnosed in 69 (92%) of cattle. further evaluation of 24 blood samples revealed concurrent infections with mycoplasma wenyonii and 'candidatusm. haemobos' in 22 and 21 animals, respectively. in addition, two cows were identified with rickettsaemia. regarding molecular investigation ... | 2010 | 21094505 |
| epidemiological analysis of tick-borne diseases in zambia. | tick-borne diseases are a constraint to livestock production in many developing countries as they cause high morbidity and mortality, which results in decreased production of meat, milk and other livestock by-products. the most important tick-borne diseases of livestock in sub-saharan africa are east coast fever (caused by theileria parva), babesiosis (caused by babesia bigemina and b. bovis), anaplasmosis (caused by anaplasma marginale) and heartwater (caused by ehrlichia ruminantium). despite ... | 2010 | 21106294 |
| analysis of membrane protein genes in a brazilian isolate of anaplasma marginale. | the sequencing of the complete genome of anaplasma marginale has enabled the identification of several genes that encode membrane proteins, thereby increasing the chances of identifying candidate immunogens. little is known regarding the genetic variability of genes that encode membrane proteins in a. marginale isolates. the aim of the present study was to determine the degree of conservation of the predicted amino acid sequences of omp1, omp4, omp5, omp7, omp8, omp10, omp14, omp15, sodb, opag1, ... | 2010 | 21120351 |
| tick-borne blood parasites in nyala (tragelaphus angasii, gray 1849) from kwazulu-natal, south africa. | a total of 97 blood samples of nyala (tragelaphus angasii, gray 1849) from south africa were tested for the presence of tick-borne haemoparasites by means of polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and reverse line blot (rlb) hybridization. the majority of blood samples contained several different haemoparasites, often in combination. prevalent haemoparasites were theileria sp. (kudu), t. buffeli, theileria sp. (sable), t. bicornis, ehrlichia sp. omatjenne, anaplasma marginale and a. bovis. this serves ... | 2010 | 21145660 |
| identification of anaplasma marginale outer membrane protein antigens conserved between a. marginale sensu stricto strains and the live a. marginale subsp. centrale vaccine. | live vaccination with anaplasma marginale subsp. centrale (synonym for anaplasma centrale) induces protection against severe disease upon challenge with a. marginale sensu stricto strains. despite over a century of field use, the targets of protective immunity remained unknown. using a broad proteomic approach, we identified the proteins in a challenge sensu stricto strain that were bound by the relevant antibody isotype induced by live vaccination with anaplasma marginale subsp. centrale. a cor ... | 2010 | 21189322 |
| epidemiology of bovine anaplasmosis in dairy herds from costa rica. | bovine anaplasmosis is endemic and occurs in almost all areas of livestock production of costa rica. the aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence and risk factors of anaplasmosis in dairy farms of costa rica by the recombinant truncated msp-5 (rmsp-5) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). serum samples were obtained from 733 cattle from 20 commercial dairy herds of costa rica. the overall seroprevalence was 37.2% and herd seroprevalence ranged from 20.0 to 72.0%. the age-specif ... | 2010 | 21236580 |
| novel genotypes of anaplasma bovis, "candidatus midichloria" sp. and ignatzschineria sp. in the rocky mountain wood tick, dermacentor andersoni. | bovine anaplasmosis, caused by anaplasma marginale, is a vector-borne disease that is enzootic in many parts of the usa. although dermacentor andersoni, a major vector of a. marginale, occurs in canada, the canadian cattle herds are currently considered free of bovine anaplasmosis. there have been two outbreaks of the disease in the province of saskatchewan, but these have been linked to the importation of infected animals. however, the distribution of bovine anaplasmosis may alter with range ex ... | 2011 | 21334146 |
| response of nkedi zebu and ankole cattle to tick infestation and natural tick-borne, helminth and trypanosome infections in uganda. | a cross-sectional study was conducted in soroti district of uganda to establish important traits of nkedi zebu and ankole cattle regarding their production performance responses to natural infections of trypanosomes, gastrointestinal nematodes, theileria parva, babesia bigemina, anaplasma marginale and tick infestations. over four visits between october 2006 to august 2007, tick counts were performed and blood, faecal samples and sera were collected from the nkedi zebu (295) and ankole (165) cat ... | 2011 | 21350849 |
| pcr detection of anaplasma phagocytophilum in goat flocks in an area endemic for tick-borne fever in switzerland. | central switzerland is a highly endemic region for tick-borne fever (tbf) in cattle, however, little is known about a. phagocytophilum in goats. in the present study, 72 animals from six goat flocks (373 edta blood-samples) in central switzerland were analysed for a. phagocytophilum dna. a real-time pcr targeting the msp2 gene of a. phagocytophilum was performed and in positive samples the partial 165 rrna, groel and msp4 gene were amplified for sequence analysis. four dna extracts were positive ... | 2011 | 21395206 |
| cloning of the major outer membrane protein expression locus in anaplasma platys and seroreactivity of a species-specific antigen. | anaplasma platys infects peripheral blood platelets and causes infectious cyclic thrombocytopenia in canines. the genes, proteins, and antigens of a. platys are largely unknown, and an antigen for serodiagnosis of a. platys has not yet been identified. in this study, we cloned the a. platys major outer membrane protein cluster, including the p44/msp2 expression locus (p44es/msp2es) and outer membrane protein (omp), using dna isolated from the blood of four naturally infected dogs from venezuela ... | 2011 | 21498646 |
| spatial variation of tick abundance and seroconversion rates of indigenous cattle to anaplasma marginale, babesia bigemina and theileria parva infections in uganda. | tick abundance and seroconversion rates of 640 indigenous cattle in a mixed crop-livestock system in uganda were investigated in a 14 months longitudinal study. up to 100% of the cattle in buyimini, kubo, nanjeho, ojilai and sitengo villages (high tick challenge zone) were consistently infested with rhipicephalus appendiculatus, whereas on average 50% of the cattle in bunghaji, hitunga and magoje villages (low tick challenge zone) were inconsistently infested. likewise, up to 50% of the cattle i ... | 2011 | 21499913 |
| temporal characterisation of the organ-specific rhipicephalusmicroplus transcriptional response to anaplasma marginale infection. | arthropods transmit important infectious diseases of humans and animals. importantly, replication and the development of pathogen infectivity are tightly linked to vector feeding on the mammalian host; thus analysis of the transcriptomes of both vector and pathogen during feeding is fundamental to understanding transmission. using anaplasma marginale infection of rhipicephalusmicroplus as the experimental model, we tested three hypotheses exploring the temporal and organ-specific nature of the t ... | 2011 | 21514300 |
| expression of anaplasma marginale ankyrin repeat-containing proteins during infection of the mammalian host and tick vector. | transmission of tick-borne pathogens requires transition between distinct host environments with infection and replication in host-specific cell types. anaplasma marginale illustrates this transition: in the mammalian host the bacteria infects and replicates in mature (non-nucleated) erythrocytes while in the tick vector replication occurs in nucleated epithelial cells. we hypothesized that proteins containing ankyrin motifs would be expressed by a. marginale only in tick cells and would traffic ... | 2011 | 21576345 |
| multistrain genome analysis identifies candidate vaccine antigens of anaplasma marginale. | anaplasmosis in domestic livestock is an impediment to animal health and production worldwide, especially in developing countries in africa, asia, and south america. vaccines have been developed and marketed against the causative organism, anaplasma marginale; however, these have not been widely used because of breakthrough infections caused by heterologous strains and because of the risk of disease induced by live vaccine strains themselves. recently, molecular studies have enabled progress to ... | 2011 | 21596083 |
| prevalence and genetic diversity of babesia and anaplasma species in cattle in sudan. | disease prevalence studies are one of the most valuable tools to demonstrate the risk or impact of certain infections in local and global economies. the data obtained in these studies contribute to develop strategies for disease control. the present study aims to provide information about the prevalence of babesiosis and anaplasmosis in the northern regions of sudan. blood samples from four different states of sudan were collected from apparently healthy cattle (n=692), dna was extracted and the ... | 2011 | 21612870 |
| correlations among anaplasma marginale parasitemia and markers of oxidative stress in crossbred calves. | the present study was designed to determine the correlations among anaplasma marginale parasitemia and markers of oxidative stress in crossbred calves. blood was collected from 11 crossbred calves infected with a. marginale along with 11 healthy crossbred calves as controls for determination of hematology and oxidative stress indicators. percentage of parasitemia in infected calves varied from 0.8% to 6.0%. the values of hematological indicators and antioxidant enzymes were decreased, whereas er ... | 2011 | 21842137 |
| emerging perspectives in the research of bovine babesiosis and anaplasmosis. | the babesia bovis and b. bigemina apicomplexan protozoa in conjunction with the rickettsia anaplasma marginale are intraerythrocytic pathogens that are responsible for the most prevalent and costly tick borne diseases (tbd's) of cattle worldwide. these organisms are historically associated as they can cause clinically related hemolytic diseases in cattle, are all transmitted by rhiphicephallus (boophilus) ticks, and share an uncanny ability to evade the immune systems of the vertebrate hosts, ca ... | 2011 | 21684084 |
| investigation of endothelial cells as an in vivo nidus of anaplasma marginale infection in cattle. | continuous culture of anaplasma marginale in endothelial cells and the potential implications for vaccine development heightened interest in determining the importance of endothelial cells in the a. marginale life cycle. a. marginale-infection trials were performed to determine if endothelial cells are an in vivo host cell in cattle and if a. marginale from in vitro endothelial cells were infective to cattle. adult, immunocompetent steers were infected by tick-feeding transmission and were eutha ... | 2011 | 21680112 |
| Seroprevalence of IgG antibodies against Anaplasma marginale in cattle from south Mozambique. | The current study aimed to investigate the seroprevalence of IgG antibodies to Anaplasma marginale in cattle from Maputo, Gaza and Inhambane provinces, south Mozambique. A total of 809 serum samples from cattle were obtained and tested by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (i-ELISA). The chi-square test at 5% significance was used to assess the association between seroprevalence and the variables gender, age and geographic origin of animals. The overall seropositivity was 76.5% (n = 619) ... | 2011 | 22166387 |
| Genome-wide screening and identification of antigens for rickettsial vaccine development. | The capacity to identify immunogens for vaccine development by genome-wide screening has been markedly enhanced by the availability of microbial genome sequences coupled to proteomic and bioinformatic analysis. Critical to this approach is in vivo testing in the context of a natural host-pathogen relationship, one that includes genetic diversity in the host as well as among pathogen strains. We aggregate the results of three independent genome-wide screens using in vivo immunization and protecti ... | 2011 | 22066488 |
| Association and Evidence for Linked Recognition of Type IV Secretion System Proteins VirB9-1, VirB9-2, and VirB10 in Anaplasma marginale. | Like several other bacterial pathogens, Anaplasma marginale has an outer membrane that induces complete protection from infection and disease. However, the proteins that confer protective immunity and whether protection requires interacting proteins and/or linked T-cell and immunoglobulin G epitopes are not known. Our goal is to target the conserved type IV secretion system (T4SS) to identify conserved, immunogenic membrane proteins that are interacting and linked recognition candidates. Linked ... | 2012 | 22038917 |
| Control of tick infestations in cattle vaccinated with bacterial membranes containing surface-exposed tick protective antigens. | Vaccines containing the Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus BM86 and BM95 antigens protect cattle against tick infestations. Tick subolesin (SUB), elongation factor 1a (EF1a) and ubiquitin (UBQ) are new candidate protective antigens for the control of cattle tick infestations. Previous studies showed that R. microplus BM95 immunogenic peptides fused to the Anaplasma marginale major surface protein (MSP) 1a N-terminal region (BM95-MSP1a) for presentation on the Escherichia coli membrane were prot ... | 2012 | 22085549 |
| detection of anaplasma phagocytophilum in brazilian dogs by real-time polymerase chain reaction. | anaplasma phagocytophilum was detected in dogs from brazil in the municipalities of seropédica and itaguaí, rio de janeiro state, by real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) using sybr green to detect the amplification. of 253 samples, 18 (7.11%) were positive, with a threshold cycle (ct) ranging from 31 to 35 cycles. the pcr product from a positive sample was cloned and sequenced. the sequence obtained demonstrated 100% identity with other a. phagocytophilum sequences published in the genbank ... | 2011 | 21908321 |
| molecular detection of tick-borne pathogens of the family anaplasmataceae in brazilian brown brocket deer (mazama gouazoubira, fischer, 1814) and marsh deer (blastocerus dichotomus, illiger, 1815). | deer are important natural reservoir hosts of anaplasmataceae. the present study used nested pcr and nucleotide sequencing to evaluate the occurrence of anaplasmataceae species in 23 free-living and six captive specimens of the cervids mazama gouazoubira and blastocerus dichotomus in minas gerais state, brazil. blood samples were tested for the presence of ehrlichia and anaplasma spp. using npcr assays and sequencing of the msp4, msp1 and 16s rrna genes. the identity of each sequence was confirm ... | 2011 | 22136597 |
| Acute phase response in cattle infected with Anaplasma marginale. | This study was undertaken to evaluate the acute phase responses via the assessment of the concentration of serum sialic acids (total, lipid bound and protein bound), inflammatory mediators (IFN-? and TNF-a) and acute phase proteins (Hp and SAA) in 20 adult crossbred cattle naturally infected by Anaplasma marginale. The infected animals were divided into 2 subgroups on the basis of parasitemia rate (<20% and >20%). Also, as a control group, 10 clinically healthy cattle from the same farms were sa ... | 2011 | 21940118 |
| Molecular Study of Free-ranging Mule Deer and White-tailed Deer from British Columbia, Canada, for Evidence of Anaplasma spp. and Ehrlichia spp. | Twenty-three free-ranging white-tailed deer (WTD; Odocoileus virginianus) and six mule deer (MD; Odocoileus hemionus) from south-central British Columbia, Canada, were tested for Anaplasma marginale by msp5 gene-specific PCR and Ehrlichia spp. by 16S rRNA or citrate synthase (gltA) gene-specific PCR, as well as by PCR with universal 16S rRNA primers detecting a wide range of bacteria. No deer tested positive for A. marginale. Amplification with universal 16S rRNA primers followed by sequencing o ... | 2011 | 21933360 |
| Identification of Anaplasma marginale Type IV Secretion System Effector Proteins. | Anaplasma marginale, an obligate intracellular alphaproteobacterium in the order Rickettsiales, is a tick-borne pathogen and the leading cause of anaplasmosis in cattle worldwide. Complete genome sequencing of A. marginale revealed that it has a type IV secretion system (T4SS). The T4SS is one of seven known types of secretion systems utilized by bacteria, with the type III and IV secretion systems particularly prevalent among pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria. The T4SS is predicted to play an i ... | 2011 | 22140462 |
| Targeting the tick protective antigen subolesin reduces vector infestations and pathogen infection by Anaplasma marginale and Babesia bigemina. | The ultimate goal of vector vaccines is the control of vector infestations while reducing pathogen infection and transmission to protect against the many diseases caused by vector-borne pathogens. Previously (Vaccine 2011;29:2248-2254), we demonstrated that subolesin vaccination and release of tick larvae after subolesin knockdown by RNA interference (RNAi) were effective for the control of cattle tick, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus infestations in cattle. In this study, we used the fact t ... | 2011 | 21951878 |
| adaptive immunity to anaplasma pathogens and immune dysregulation: implications for bacterial persistence. | anaplasma marginale is an obligate intraerythrocytic bacterium that infects ruminants, and notably causes severe economic losses in cattle worldwide. anaplasma phagocytophilum infects neutrophils and causes disease in many mammals, including ruminants, dogs, cats, horses, and humans. both bacteria cause persistent infection - infected cattle never clear a. marginale and a. phagocytophilum can also cause persistent infection in ruminants and other animals for several years. this review describes ... | 2012 | 22226382 |
| serological cross-reactivity between anaplasma marginale and an ehrlichia species in naturally and experimentally infected cattle. | seroconversion and cross-reactivity in cattle infected with anaplasma marginale or a recently described ehrlichia species (bov2010 from british columbia, canada) were investigated. the study used 76 samples from 20 animals, a commercially available competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (celisa) for bovine anaplasmosis, and an indirect fluorescent antibody test (ifat). blood smear examination and/or polymerase chain reaction assay were performed to confirm or rule out the presence of anap ... | 2011 | 22362799 |
| fatal congenital anaplasmosis associated with bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) infection in a crossbred calf. | clinical disease resulting from the vertical transmission of anaplasma marginale has only been reported on 5 occasions despite studies demonstrating successful in utero transmission. during the reported experimental induction of congenital anaplasmosis in calves, the outcome was variable but mostly led to inapparent or mild infection. there are previous case reports of fatal congenital anaplasmosis following natural infection. the clinical findings in a 2-day-old calf presented to the onderstepo ... | 2011 | 22332304 |
| epidemiological perspectives of ticks and tick-borne diseases in south sudan: cross-sectional survey results. | a cross-sectional study was conducted between september and october 2010 in five states of south sudan that were selected on the basis of the perceived risk of tick-borne diseases. the purpose was to investigate epidemiological parameters of tick-borne diseases in south sudan and their uses in future control strategies. a total of 805 calves were assessed by clinical, microscopic and serological examination and tick counts. the indirect enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assay (elisa) was used to dete ... | 2012 | 23327317 |
| [primary transport of acute patients. optimal use of rescue resources exemplified by the canton of graubünden]. | | 2011 | 3927607 |
| primary dental care: an educational methodology for dental hygiene students. | | 2005 | 1069646 |
| acute myocardial infarction after blunt chest trauma in young people: need for prompt intervention. | we describe four cases of acute myocardial infarction in young patients, secondary to blunt chest trauma. one case was treated with intracoronary thrombolysis and angioplasty, two cases received systemic thrombolysis, and the last one did not have any reperfusion therapy. the coronary angiograms of the left anterior descending artery showed thrombosis in two cases, coronary dissection in one case, and no morphological lesions in the other. we encourage the early performance of angiographic studi ... | 2006 | 1764738 |
| network of signal transduction pathways involving lipids: protein kinase c-dependent and -independent pathways. | | 2006 | 1636498 |
| "raynaud's disease" in migraineurs: one entity or two? | two cases are reported of patients who were diagnosed as having both migraine and raynaud's disease. because they were able to achieve effective control of both headaches and extremity temperature after undergoing a comprehensive approach--utilizing medication, biofeedback, and psychotherapy--it is suggested that both conditions are manifestations of the same disorder. it is recommended that a first step in approaching concurrent diagnoses of this type involve combined treatment as is often used ... | 2006 | 1446993 |
| regulation of alcohol consumption by the renin-angiotensin system: a review of recent findings and a possible mechanism of action. | the renin-angiotensin system has traditionally been associated with the regulation of fluid and electrolyte balance. in this review we summarize the data which ascribes a completely new function to this system, i.e., the regulation of alcohol consumption. in addition, we suggest a possible mechanism for this effect based on the concept of a satiety or stop process. the approach taken was to examine the effect on alcohol intake of a wide variety of drug, genetic, dietary, surgical and neurosurgic ... | 2007 | 1852316 |
| meta-analysis: appropriate tool for the integration of nursing research? | | 2009 | 2798158 |
| sce induction by ccnu and pregnancy. | | 2009 | 2704378 |
| tripelennamine enhances buprenorphine-, but not pentazocine-induced hyperactivity in mice. | the opioid agonist-antagonist pentazocine (1-30 mg/kg) and the partial agonist buprenorphine (0.05-0.25 mg/kg) were tested, alone or in combination with the histamine h1-receptor antagonist tripelennamine (1, 2.5, 5 or 10 mg/kg), on locomotor activity in mice of the cd-1 strain. when given alone, pentazocine produced slight and non-dose-related activity increments, while buprenorphine induced strong and dose-related locomotor stimulation. tripelennamine slightly increased activity by itself and ... | 2011 | 3137594 |
| [microsurgery in gynecology--indications, results and limitations]. | | 2013 | 3616963 |
| [occupational medicine problems of an aviation physician]. | | 2015 | 4701759 |
| [occupational medicine problems of an aviation physician]. | | 2015 | 4701759 |
| [active geriatrics. a visit to rotterdam]. | | 2016 | 4706650 |
| the lateral ankle sprain: an experimental study. | an experimental study in 39 ankles of the mechanisms of lateral ankle sprains was carried out using a simple qualitative apparatus. the mechanisms studied were: 1) supination-inversion, which was divided into ankle in plantar flexion and ankle in neutral position, since the orientation and tension of the ankle capsule and ligaments are related to the ankle position; 2) supination-internal rotation; and 3) supination-plantar flexion. fresh amputation specimens were used. it was concluded that com ... | 1998 | 108406 |
| effect of oral hypoglycaemic drugs on glucose tolerance and insulin secretion in borderline diabetic patients. | | 1998 | 104897 |
| bilateral bundle branch block producing high-grade a-v block. | | 1998 | 108060 |
| hla b27 and the genetics of ankylosing spondylitis. | one hundred and twenty-eight of 145 patients with ankylosing spondylitis (as) were found to be hla b27 positive. five patients had evidence of a sero-negative peripheral arthritis resembling peripheral psoriatic arthritis and 3 of these were b27 negative. one further b27 negative patients had a sister with ankylosing spondylitis and ulcerative colitis and a mother with ulcerative colitis. there was evidence of a somewhat later age of onset of symptoms in b27 negative patients. these findings are ... | 1998 | 107868 |
| language of the patient with a raging headache. | | 1999 | 85687 |
| axonal transport of lipid in goldfish optic axons. | after injection of labeled glycerol, choline, or serine into the eye of goldfish, labeled lipids were axonally transported along the optic nerve to the optic tectum. although the different precursors were presumably incorporated into somewhat different lipid populations, all three were approximately equally effective in labeling the lipids transported to the tectum, but the amount of transported material remaining in the nerve was different, being highest with choline and lowest with serine. the ... | 1999 | 85271 |
| serum alkaline phosphatase activity in acrodermatitis enteropathica: an index of the serum zinc level. | a significant positive correlation between serum zinc and serum alkaline phosphatase levels was demonstrated in four patients suffering from acrodermatitis enterophathica for which they received oral zinc sulphate therapy. in one of the male patients a significant inverse relation between serum zinc and serum copper was found. | 1999 | 84482 |
| [diagnosis and therapy of the autonomous adenoma of the thyroid gland]. | | 2000 | 97488 |
| combined management of malignant teratoma of the testis. | intensive chemotherapy with bleomycin and vinblastine was used as initial treatment in patients with advanced testicular teratoma and after relapse following lymph-node irradiation in patients with early-stage disease. between january, 1976, and march, 1978, 84 patients, 28 with early disease and 56 with advanced disease, were treated. all 28 men with early-stage disease are alive and disease-free. patients with advanced disease were divided into two groups. patients with bulky multiple lung met ... | 2000 | 88606 |
| a measure of education. | | 2001 | 100090 |
| you are what you wear. | uniforms and professional roles are frequently tied in the minds of both staff and patient, so it may be advisable to return to greater use of uniforms by hospital professional staffs. | 2001 | 88404 |
| use of prostaglandin e1 in infants with d-transposition of the great arteries and intact ventricular septum. | prostaglandin e1 was used to treat five infants with d-transposition of the great arteries and intact ventricular septum who had persistent severe hypoxemia after the creation of an interatrial communication. three infants had a dramatic improvement in systemic arterial oxygen saturation associated with dilation of the ductus arteriosus; in two of the three cases urgent surgery was avoided. two infants had no clinical evidence of increased ductal shunting and no improvement in oxygen saturation. ... | 2001 | 88172 |
| a direct approach to the structure of eukaryotic chromosomes. | | 2001 | 98280 |
| computed sagittal tomography of the orbit. | | 2001 | 98025 |
| instability of cerebral blood-flow in insulin-dependent diabetics. | cerebral blood-flow (cbf) was measured in 23 insulin-dependent diabetics before and 2--3 h after insulin/breakfast. in 10 of these patients cbf changed significantly during the day, with a significant fall in 9. in 3 patients who had the greatest falls in cbf there was a concomitant sensation of an impending faint. thus cbf is unstable in insulin-dependent diabetics in contrast to control subjects in who there is little or no variation. sudden falls in cbf in insulin-dependent diabetics may expl ... | 2001 | 92619 |
| [treatment of patients with nonspecific diseases of the respiratory organs at the trade union sanatoria]. | | 2002 | 128138 |
| [dermatologic procedures from the viewpoint of the carrier of mandantory accident insurance]. | | 2002 | 127761 |
| subacute myelo-optic neuropathy and clioquinol. an epidemiological case-history for diagnosis. | between about 1955 and 1970, some 100,000 japanese were diagnosed as having subacute myelooptic neuropathy (smon), a new disease characterized by abdominal and neurological manifestations, the former nearly always preceding the latter. circumstantial evidence obtained in 1969-70 suggested that smon might have been caused by clioquinol (cql), a gastrointestinal disinfectant, and led to the suspension of further sales of cql in japan. however, several inconsistencies for the cql theory of smon hav ... | 2002 | 127638 |
| prescribing procrastination. | in his everyday work the family physician sees many patients whose problems have been diagnosed but for whom postponement of an active treatment plan is indicated. the physician must therefore prescribe procrastination in a carefully planned way. i describe some ideas and practical methods for doing this. | 2004 | 529244 |
| amitriptyline: comparison of three different dosage schedules in neurotic depression. | three groups of neurotic depressed patients were treated with amitriptyline, one group receiving the customary three daily doses, another a single dose in the morning, and the third a single dose at night. all three groups showed significant decrements of total scores on the hamilton scale for depression and the zung self-rating depression scale without significant differences. patients taking the drug at night showed a lower incidence of side effects. | 2004 | 497630 |
| colonic adrenocarcinomas in patients with ureterosigmoidostomies. | two additional cases of adenocarcinoma of the sigmoid colon occurring at the site of ureterosigmoidostomy are reported. the high risk of this complication occurring in patients who have undergone ureterosigmoidostomy is described. the possible shortness of the interval from diversion to development of an adenocarcinoma, especially in those cases involving carcinoma of the bladder, is emphasized. it is strongly recommended that careful follow up of such patients should begin within several years ... | 2004 | 446246 |
| lymphocyte transformation in patients with paraproteinaemia. | the transformation of lymphocytes in cultures with phytohaemagglutinin (pha) or with pokeweed mitogen (pwm) was carried out during treatment on 28 patients with paraproteinaemia and on 20 control subjects. 78.5% of the peripheral blood lymphocyte short-term cultures from the treated patients showed a subnormal pha-induced but high pwm-induced lymphocyte transformation. the other 21.5% of the treated patients had a normal pattern of lymphocyte transformation. eight of 12 untreated patients with m ... | 2005 | 1201200 |
| inhibition of drug metabolism by quinolone antibiotics. | a number of quinolone antibiotics have been found to reduce the hepatic clearance of coadministered drugs such as theophylline. enoxacin appears to be the most potent inhibitor, consistently decreasing theophylline clearance by more than 50%, while a single study suggests a similar degree of inhibition with pipemidic acid. ciprofloxacin and pefloxacin reduce theophylline clearance to a smaller extent (approximately 20 to 30%). however, with ciprofloxacin, larger changes and theophylline toxicity ... | 2005 | 3052987 |
| [lymphocyte populations in hbag-positive acute hepatitis]. | | 2005 | 1087387 |
| [post-cholecystectomy condition: duodeno-gastric reflux and bile acid concentration in the gastric juice]. | in cholecystectomized patients highly significantly more frequently a duodenogastric reflux was found than in a group of patients with a healthy abdomen and a group of patients with cholelithiasis. the average concentration of bile acid in the gastric juice was after the removal of the gall-bladder manifoldly higher than in the control groups. the number of patients with concentrated reflux was also highly significantly larger than in patients with cholelithiasis not operated on and in patients ... | 2005 | 538988 |
| in situ activation of syngeneic tumour-specific cytotoxic t lymphocytes: intra-pinna immunization followed by restimulation in the peritoneal cavity. | tumour-specific cytotoxic t lymphocytes (ctl) are usually obtained after immunization in vivo and restimulation of immune cells in vitro. we here describe the generation of syngeneic tumour-specific ctl within no more than 9 days by priming and restimulation in vivo. this is achieved only if the correct sites are used both for primary immunization (ear pinna) and for restimulation (peritoneal cavity). the kinetics of immune t cell induction and of the secondary response in vivo will be reported. ... | 2006 | 1868488 |
| in situ activation of syngeneic tumour-specific cytotoxic t lymphocytes: intra-pinna immunization followed by restimulation in the peritoneal cavity. | tumour-specific cytotoxic t lymphocytes (ctl) are usually obtained after immunization in vivo and restimulation of immune cells in vitro. we here describe the generation of syngeneic tumour-specific ctl within no more than 9 days by priming and restimulation in vivo. this is achieved only if the correct sites are used both for primary immunization (ear pinna) and for restimulation (peritoneal cavity). the kinetics of immune t cell induction and of the secondary response in vivo will be reported. ... | 2006 | 1868488 |
| efficacy and tolerability comparison of etodolac and piroxicam in the treatment of patients with osteoarthritis of the knee. | the efficacy and tolerability of etodolac and piroxicam were compared in patients with osteoarthritis of the knee. two hundred and twenty patients entered a double-blind, parallel group trial and were randomly assigned to receive 300 mg etodolac twice daily (n = 112) or 20 mg piroxicam once daily (n = 108) for 8 weeks. the etodolac group showed significant improvement (p less than 0.05) from baseline in all efficacy assessments at all evaluations. the piroxicam group showed improvement from base ... | 2006 | 1828415 |
| efficacy and tolerability comparison of etodolac and piroxicam in the treatment of patients with osteoarthritis of the knee. | the efficacy and tolerability of etodolac and piroxicam were compared in patients with osteoarthritis of the knee. two hundred and twenty patients entered a double-blind, parallel group trial and were randomly assigned to receive 300 mg etodolac twice daily (n = 112) or 20 mg piroxicam once daily (n = 108) for 8 weeks. the etodolac group showed significant improvement (p less than 0.05) from baseline in all efficacy assessments at all evaluations. the piroxicam group showed improvement from base ... | 2006 | 1828415 |
| [why do physicians and patients ever more often resort to practitioners of alternative medicine: the healer and the quack?]. | | 2006 | 1563606 |
| computer-assisted diagnosis and teaching of disorders of electrolyte, acid-base, and water metabolism. | application of the tools of graphics, animation, sound and hypertext integrated with expert knowledge may help overcome the difficulties in teaching electrolyte and acid-base metabolism and its disorders. using the macintosh computer and the application, hypercard we have developed two related programs with the following characteristics. each contains graphic maps, consisting of a nomogram for plasma ph, pco2 and hco3 with zones representing physiological adaptation for each acid-base disorder ( ... | 2006 | 1483003 |
| [long-term outcome of a hospital series of patients with atrio-ventricular accessory pathway]. | ninety five patients with a mean age of 39 +/- 19 years, 82 of whom were symptomatic, having an accessory atrioventricular bidirectional conduction pathway (wpw syndrome: 77; "concealed": 18) were followed up for an average of 7.3 +/- 2.6 years. the objectives were to analyse: the incidence and causes of death and the possible predictive factors of death due to the wpw syndrome--the influence of medical treatment and type of medication on survival and symptoms. of the 8 cardiac deaths, 6 seemed ... | 2006 | 1363771 |
| [sudden death syndrome in infants in their first year of life; biological maturity and borderline conditions]. | | 2007 | 2075054 |
| community health nursing and the aids pandemic: case report of one community's response. | the world health organization (who) currently projects that there may be a cumulative total of 30 million cases of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) worldwide by the year 2000 ("who predicts," 1991). community health nurses (chns), particularly those employed by local and state health departments, have a major role to play in the worldwide public health effort being mounted in response to the aids pandemic. chn roles may include: direct caregiver, advocate, case manager, health educator ... | 2007 | 1885961 |
| occupational medicine. organizational behavior. | work flow and the administrative processes by which it is controlled are fundamental in shaping the realities of the organization as a system of relationships. organization is technology in the broadest sense: processes, procedures, policies, controls, formal authority structures, and techniques. among groups or organizations, it is unusual for changes in sentiment to precede action or organizational rearrangements. technology and structure must be changed first. this chapter has outlined organi ... | 2008 | 2644717 |
| [the respiratory tract and air pollution]. | | 2008 | 3053144 |
| transient palsy of hip abductors after a fall on the buttocks. | a fall on the buttocks caused monolateral transient palsy of the hip abductors in two patients. palsy could be ascribed to acute entrapment of the superior gluteal nerve between the piriformis muscle and the incisura ischiadica major. | 2008 | 2346715 |
| simple method for stapled low colorectal or coloanal anastomosis. | a technique of stapled low colorectal or coloanal anastomosis is described, which follows eversion through the anus and stapled closure of the anorectal or anal remnant. the procedure is rapid and safe, and allows a secure distal clearance under direct visual control when dealing with tumors of the lower third of the rectum. | 2008 | 2323288 |