| [changes in specific reaction of erythrocytes to the antigen after administration of methylene blue and sodium azide]. | | 1992 | 1398187 |
| unipolar reorganization of f-actin layer at bacterial division and bundling of actin filaments by plastin correlate with movement of shigella flexneri within hela cells. | shigella flexneri causes bacillary dysentery, an invasive disease of colonic epithelial cells in humans. the capacity of bacteria, once they have entered into a cell and escaped the phagocytic vacuole, to spread intracellularly and directly to adjacent cells without further extracellular passage is a key factor in invasion of the epithelial layer. movement of intracellular bacteria is dependent upon the polymerization of actin; concentration of the formed filaments to one end of the bacterium is ... | 1992 | 1398922 |
| specific lung mucosal and systemic immune responses after oral immunization of mice with salmonella typhimurium aroa, salmonella typhi ty21a, and invasive escherichia coli expressing recombinant pertussis toxin s1 subunit. | pertussis toxin (pt) is considered an essential protective component for incorporation into new generation vaccines against bordetella pertussis, the causative agent of whooping cough. traditionally, antipertussis vaccination has employed an intramuscular route. an alternative to this approach is to stimulate mucosal and systemic immune responses by oral immunization with live vaccine carrier strains of salmonella spp. or escherichia coli. recombinant s1 subunit of pertussis toxin was expressed ... | 1992 | 1398937 |
| vacb, a novel chromosomal gene required for expression of virulence genes on the large plasmid of shigella flexneri. | shigellae, the causative agents of bacillary dysentery, are capable of adhering to and invading epithelial cells and spreading into adjacent cells. a chromosomal mutant of shigella flexneri 2a ysh6000 with reduced invasive capacity was isolated by tn5 insertion mutagenesis. the linkage of the mutant phenotype to the tn5 insertion was determined by p1 phage transduction. the site of the tn5 insertion was assigned to a noti chromosomal restriction map, confirming that the virulence-associated locu ... | 1992 | 1400189 |
| molecular analysis of the glpfkx regions of escherichia coli and shigella flexneri. | we have identified a new gene, glpx, belonging to the glp regulon of escherichia coli, located directly downstream of the glpk gene. the transcription of glpx is inducible with glycerol and sn-glycerol-3-phosphate and is constitutive in a glpr mutant. glpx is the third gene in the glpfkx operon. the function of glpx remains unknown. glpx has an apparent molecular weight of 40,000 on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels. in addition to determining the e. coli glpx sequence, we also sequence ... | 1992 | 1400248 |
| functional roles assigned to the periplasmic, linker, and receiver domains of the agrobacterium tumefaciens vira protein. | vira and virg activate the agrobacterium tumefaciens vir regulon in response to phenolic compounds, monosaccharides, and acidity released from plant wound sites. vira contains an amino-terminal periplasmic domain and three cytoplasmic domains: a linker, a protein kinase, and a phosphoryl receiver. we constructed internal deletions of vira that truncate one or more domains and tested the ability of the resulting proteins to mediate environmentally responsive vir gene activation in vivo. the perip ... | 1992 | 1400253 |
| altered-function mutations of the transcriptional regulatory gene virg of agrobacterium tumefaciens. | three point mutations were isolated in the agrobacterium tumefaciens virg gene by screening for vir gene expression in the absence of added phenolic inducing compounds. all three mutations were localized in the predicted amino-terminal phosphoryl receiver domain of the protein. one mutant (n54d) bypasses the requirement for vira and phenolic inducers both for transcriptional activation of all tested vir promoters and for plant tumorigenesis. this mutant also activates vir gene expression efficie ... | 1992 | 1400254 |
| block of voltage-gated potassium currents by anticonvulsant u-54494a in mouse neuroblastoma cells. | u-54494a [(+-)-cis-3,4-dichloro-n-methyl-n-[2-(1- pyrrolidinyl)-cyclohexyl]-benzamide], an anticonvulsant and na channel blocker, was examined for its interaction with delayed rectifier k channels in mouse neuroblastoma cells (nie-115) using whole-cell and inside-out configurations of the patch clamp techniques. u-54494a at anticonvulsant doses reversibly blocked the tetraethylammonium-sensitive outward k current in a time-dependent manner without affecting the current-voltage relationship. anal ... | 1992 | 1403785 |
| temperature regulation of shigella virulence: identification of the repressor gene virr, an analogue of hns, and partial complementation by tyrosyl transfer rna (trna1(tyr)). | virr is the central regulatory locus required for coordinate temperature-regulated virulence gene expression in the human enteric pathogens of shigella species. detailed characterization of virr+ clones revealed that virr consisted of a 411 bp open reading frame (orf) that mapped to a chromosomally located 1.8kb ecori-acci dna fragment from shigella flexneri. insertional inactivation of the virr orf at a unique hpai restriction site resulted in a loss of virr+ activity. the virr orf nucleotide s ... | 1992 | 1406252 |
| identification and characterization of virk, a virulence-associated large plasmid gene essential for intercellular spreading of shigella flexneri. | seven virulence loci have been identified by tn5 insertion mutagenesis on the large 230 kb plasmid (pmysh6000) of shigella flexneri 2a. in this study, we used tn10 insertion mutagenesis and identified a novel virulence locus on pmysh6000 responsible for bacterial spread. characterization of the invading bacteria of the tn10 insertion mutants in the epithelial cells revealed that the bacteria were capable of at least some intracellular spreading but not intercellular spreading. immunoblot analysi ... | 1992 | 1406277 |
| c-receptor ligand blocks pulmonary clearance of atrial natriuretic peptide in isolated rat lungs. | pulmonary clearance of atrial natriuretic peptide (anp) was measured by indicator dilution technique in isolated perfused rat lungs with and without anp clearance receptor (c-receptor) blockade. approximately 50% of a bolus injection of 125i-anp was removed during a single pass through the lungs compared with the intravascular marker 14c-dextran. pulmonary clearance of 125i-anp was suppressed in a dose-dependent fashion by unlabeled anp. c-receptor blockade suppressed pulmonary clearance of 125i ... | 1992 | 1409730 |
| induction of pancreatic acinar pathology via inhalation of nicotine. | this study was conducted to determine the effects of nicotine inhalation on the onset, progression, and sequential development of pancreatic lesions. male sprague-dawley rats in groups of five were exposed to saline or nicotine aerosol twice daily for 15, 30, 45, and 60 min for 21 days. after sacrifice, blood samples were analyzed for plasma levels of nicotine, glucose, gastrin, and cholecystokinin. pancreatic tissues were examined for pathological lesions. while there were no significant differ ... | 1992 | 1409731 |
| elimination kinetics of volatile organics in humans using breath measurements. | during the past decade significant strides have been made toward understanding the sources and factors which lead to volatile organic chemical (voc) exposure in the general population. less is known, however, about the impact of low-level environmental exposure on human health. investigations are underway in a number of laboratories in an effort to determine the uptake, distribution, metabolism, and elimination kinetics for vocs in humans. we examined the elimination kinetics for the third phase ... | 1992 | 1422163 |
| a study of the 14 kda phospholipase a2 from rat liver using a continuous fluorescent displacement assay for the enzyme. | | 1992 | 1426571 |
| [intravascular autorosette-formation in hemolytic anemia]. | it has been established that monocyte and neutrophil autorosette-formation resultant in exocytic lysis of erythrocytes--constituents of autorosettes--takes a low-intensive course in the blood of children with chronic non-hematologic diseases. this process is significantly activated in hereditary microspherocytic and elliptocytic anemias. it has been suggested that autorosette-formation culminating in exocytic lysis of erythrocytes is a mechanism of eliminating pathological, damaged and old eryth ... | 1992 | 1426915 |
| purification, partial characterization, and heterologous radioimmunoassay of growth hormone (cgh) in red deer. | red deer growth hormone (cgh; 3.3 mg) was purified from an aqueous extract of seven pituitary glands (4.01 g wet weight) by preparative gel filtration on sephadex g-100, gel filtration on sephadex g-100 sf, and anion exchange chromatography on deae-sepharose cl-6b. purified cgh gave a single band on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with a molecular weight under reducing conditions of 20,000 da and gave a single peak on reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography ... | 1992 | 1426952 |
| candida albicans--saprophyte or pathogen? | skin scrapings taken from toe spaces of 200 healthy volunteers and from toe webs and groins of 150 pediatric patients were cultured for candida albicans using the serum germ-tube test. the results showed that candida albicans can be isolated in about 15% of normal toe spaces and 14% of children with normal groins. although candida albicans can be found in various grades of athlete's foot and also in some abnormal groins, we believe that it is not necessarily responsible for these conditions and ... | 1992 | 1428429 |
| [bacteriological examination of paper money]. | bacteriological survey of one hundred twenty currency notes was done. aerobic spore-forming bacilli (91%), staphylococcus epidermidis (63.3%), staphylococcus aureus (4.2%), enterococcus (24.1%), alpha-hem. streptococcus (4.1%), streptococcus pneumoniae (1.7%), corynebacterium (7.5%), lactobacilli (10.8%), klebsiella pneumoniae (31.7%), enterobacter (19.2%), e. coli (17.5%), proteus (1.7%), pseudomonas aeruginosa (0.8%), shigella flexneri (0.8%) were isolated from paper money samples. currency no ... | 1992 | 1435365 |
| genotypic and phenotypic characterization of an arod deletion-attenuated escherichia coli k12-shigella flexneri hybrid vaccine expressing s. flexneri 2a somatic antigen. | the construction and characterization of ecsf2a-2, an arod-deleted escherichia coli-shigella hybrid vaccine carrying chromosomal and plasmid genes from shigella flexneri and expressing s. flexneri 2a somatic antigen in association with e. coli k12 core are described. expression of hybrid lipopolysaccharide and deletion of arod resulted in the attenuation of phenotypic characteristics associated with pathogenicity. the addition of an arod deletion results in a requirement for an aromatic precurso ... | 1992 | 1441732 |
| [lipopolysaccharide changes in smooth-type avirulent shigella in comparison with initial virulent strains]. | the comparative study of the lipopolysaccharides (lps) of virulent and avirulent strains of s. sonnei, phase i (smooth colonies), has been made. electrophoresis of lps and subsequent densitometry of electrophoregrams have revealed the increase of the fraction of long 0-chains with a considerable number of recurring elements in 2 out of 3 lps preparations obtained from avirulent shigellae. in mice immunized with these lps preparations a considerably greater number of antibody-producing cells can ... | 1992 | 1441805 |
| concentration of milk secretory immunoglobulin a against shigella virulence plasmid-associated antigens as a predictor of symptom status in shigella-infected breast-fed infants. | we conducted a prospective, community-based study of healthy breast-fed mexican infants to determine the protective effects of anti-shigella secretory iga antibodies in milk. milk samples were collected monthly, and stool culture specimens were obtained weekly and at the time of episodes of diarrhea. nineteen breast-fed infants were found to have shigella flexneri, shigella boydii, or shigella sonnei in stool samples. ages of the 10 infants with symptomatic infection and the nine with asymptomat ... | 1992 | 1447644 |
| [characteristics of the dynamics of hematopoietic precursor cells cloned in diffusion chambers and recorded in experiments on mice and dogs irradiated in median lethal doses]. | in experiments with mice and dogs irradiated with ld50, it was shown the postirradiation depopulation of haemopoietic polypotent (cfus) cell-precursors in mouse bone marrow was more pronounced than that of granulocytic and macrophagal cells (cfudc). the rate of repopulation of cfus during the first week was higher than that of cfudc (t1/2 was 2.5 and 8.8 days respectively). in dogs, one could notice a partial change in the colony formation, a prolonged plateau period in the postirradiation cfudc ... | 1992 | 1448562 |
| [bacteremia caused by shigella flexneri]. | | 1992 | 1450269 |
| shigellosis in children: a prospective hospital based study. | from 1985 to 1988, fecal samples of 950 hospitalized children suffering from diarrhea or dysentery were screened for shigella species using standard methods. shigella species were isolated as sole pathogen from 192 (20.2%) cases and s. flexneri type 2 was the predominant serotype. shigella infection was prevalent throughout the year with high isolation rate during the summer and early monsoon months. shigella strains isolated during the period were resistant to most of the commonly used drugs fo ... | 1992 | 1452309 |
| pathogenesis of providencia alcalifaciens-induced diarrhea. | providencia alcalifaciens is a member of the family enterobacteriaceae. there are reports that p. alcalifaciens can cause diarrhea, but the mechanism(s) by which it causes diarrhea is known. we studied p. alcalifaciens isolated from a child and two adults with diarrhea for enteropathogenicity. the three isolates did not exhibit any characteristic adherence to cultured hep-2 cell monolayers, and they did not produce enterotoxins, cytotoxins, or keratoconjunctivitis in the sereny test. two isolate ... | 1992 | 1452332 |
| detection of shigella dysenteriae type 1 and shigella flexneri in feces by immunomagnetic isolation and polymerase chain reaction. | a combination of immunomagnetic separation (ims) and a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) procedure was used for direct isolation and identification of shigella dysenteriae type 1 and shigella flexneri from feces. immunomagnetic particles were coated with monoclonal antibody masfb, which is specific for a common epitope of the o polysaccharides of s. dysenteriae type 1 and s. flexneri. bacteria bound to the beads were boiled in water, and target dna was amplified with a primer pair specific for a g ... | 1992 | 1452650 |
| [active tuberculosis in children who received inh chemoprophylaxis]. | twelve children who developed active tuberculosis even after receiving isoniazid (inh) chemoprophylaxis were seen at tokyo metropolitan children's hospital from 1982 through 1991. all cases received inh more than 9 mg/kg/day, except for one case in which the amount of inh administered at the referring hospital was unknown and streptomycin was administered together with inh. the age of starting inh prophylaxis ranged from 2 months to 13 years, and the age at which clinical symptoms and/or laborat ... | 1992 | 1453566 |
| [the regulation of dna repair processes in mammalian cells. iii. the effect of epidermal growth factor on the postradiation recovery of the cell cycle in human a 431 cells and embryonic fibroblasts]. | recovery of the cell cycle in cells a 431 and in human embryo fibroblasts (efh) differs much. unlike efh, a 431 cells have: 1) synchronized exit of cells from g1 into s phase after 5 gr irradiation; 2) g2-block; 3) much less manifestation of these two phenomena in the presence of egf; 4) a lesser effectiveness of the repair of dna single-strand breaks. egf stimulation of the repair of radiation-induced dna lesions, ssb in particular, may be of great importance for the postirradiation cell cycle ... | 1992 | 1455555 |
| retinal and cortical activity in human subjects during color flicker fusion. | pattern electroretinograms (perg) and cortical visually evoked potentials (vep) were simultaneously recorded from 7 visually normal and 1 protanopic subjects. stimuli were color checkerboards (0.5 degrees check size), phase-reversing at 17 hz (i.e. 34 reversals/sec). using a stepwise sweep procedure, the luminance of the red (lambda peak = 550 nm) and green (lambda peak = 630 nm) checks varied in 11 steps in opposite directions from 0 to 30 cd/m2, embracing the subjective equiluminance point. fo ... | 1992 | 1455696 |
| [the immunocorrective therapy of patients with acute dysentery]. | | 1992 | 1455821 |
| [the excretion of shigella antigens in persons recovering from dysentery]. | shigella antigens can be detected in the excreta of convalescents after dysentery for a long time. most frequently these antigens occur in feces, less frequently in urine and rarely in saliva. according to indirect data, s. flexneri 1-6 antigens can be detected in excreta for a longer period after convalescence than s. sonnei antigens. when antigen indication is used for the diagnosis of dysentery and epidemiological analysis is carried out, one should bear in mind the length of the agent persis ... | 1992 | 1455962 |
| [the etiological structure of shigellosis in the former ussr--an indicator of the activity of the main routes of infection transmission]. | the data on the etiological structure of shigella infections in the ussr in 1988-1989 are presented. the study showed the dominating role of s. flexneri with s. sonnei also retaining great importance in shigella infections. the process of the liquidation of s. dysenteriae and s. boydii infections began in some large cities. the domination of dysentery caused by s. flexneri and a high typhoid rate, particularly in central asia, were due to poor water supply of the population. the spread of dysent ... | 1992 | 1455964 |
| [an increase in the immunogenicity of bacterial antigens under the influence of one of the derivatives of muramyl dipeptide]. | as revealed in animal experiments, glucosaminylmuramyl dipeptide (gmdp), the synthetic analog of muramyl dipeptide, when introduced intraperitoneally in a single injection or orally, exhibits adjuvant activity with respect to citrobacter 0-antigens, shigella flexneri and enhances the protective properties of dysentery and pertussis vaccines. the stimulating properties of gmdp depend on its dose, the route of its administration, the time elapsed after its administration, its ratio to the concomit ... | 1992 | 1455969 |
| [the clinical assessment of the immune status of patients with acute flexner shigellosis]. | a total of 192 patients with flexner's dysentery 1 have been examined. as a result, sharply pronounced unbalance of cell-mediated and humoral immunity factors has developed in the acute period of dysentery, reaching its maximal manifestations in severe course of the disease. in case of a tendency to a prolonged course of dysentery at the period of convalescence, essential shifts in immunological characteristics persist and the infective agent is repeatedly isolated. | 1992 | 1455972 |
| red blood cells as an antigen-delivery system. | the use of adjuvants is usually required to induce strong immunological responses to protein antigens. however, in many cases these adjuvants cannot be extensively applied in human and veterinary vaccinations because of associated inflammatory reactions or granuloma formation. we show here that protein antigens (bovine serum albumin, hog liver uricase, and yeast hexokinase), coupled to autologous red blood cells by way of a biotin-avidin-biotin bridge, elicit an immunological response in mice si ... | 1992 | 1457052 |
| loose stools in the early neonatal period. | during a two-year period, the various factors associated with loose stools in the early neonatal period were studied among hospital born babies. low birth weight babies had a lower incidence of non-infective loose stools when compared to neonates with a birth weight of more than 2500 g (p < 0.001). newborns delivered by cesarean section (p < 0.001) and those born to women with more than two children (p < 0.02) had a greater frequency of loose stools. initiation of supplementary feeding and admin ... | 1992 | 1459697 |
| [diagnosis of acute diarrheal infections]. | | 1992 | 1460834 |
| characteristics of polymorphism at a vntr locus 3' to the apolipoprotein b gene in five human populations. | we have analyzed the allele frequency distribution at the hypervariable locus 3' to the apolipoprotein b gene (apob 3' vntr) in five well-defined human populations (kacharis of northeast india, new guinea highlanders of papua new guinea, dogrib indians of canada, pehuenche indians of chile, and a relatively homogeneous caucasian population of northern german extraction) by using the pcr technique. a total of 12 segregating alleles were detected in the pooled sample of 319 individuals. a fairly c ... | 1992 | 1463014 |
| the gene for familial mediterranean fever in both armenians and non-ashkenazi jews is linked to the alpha-globin complex on 16p: evidence for locus homogeneity. | familial mediterranean fever (fmf) is a recurrent inflammatory disorder characterized by short episodes of fever, peritonitis, pleuritis, and arthritis. while fmf has been shown to be inherited in an autosomal recessive fashion in both non-ashkenazi jews and armenian families, clinical differences have raised the possibility of genetic heterogeneity. as its pathogenesis is unknown, mapping of the gene for fmf may provide the first objective method for early and accurate diagnosis of this disease ... | 1992 | 1463015 |
| comparative effects of thyroxine and/or retinoic acid treatment in vivo on growth hormone synthesis and release by pituitaries from thyroidectomized rats. | thyroid hormones and retinoic acid (ra) coregulate growth hormone (gh) synthesis and release from cultured pituitary tumor cells by interacting with nuclear receptors that activate gh gene transcription. whether these two compounds share overlapping gh regulatory activities in vivo is unclear. therefore we compared the effects of in vivo replacement therapy with thyroxine (t4) and/or retinoic acid (ra) on gh synthesis and release in pituitaries from hypothyroid rats. three weeks after thyroidect ... | 1992 | 1464411 |
| effects of 5-fluorouracil on hematopoietic stem cells in normal and irradiated mice. | the effects of 5-fluorouracil (5-fu) on hematopoietic stem cells (cfu-s) and nucleated cells in mouse femur and spleen were studied in normal and x-irradiated mice (ddy-slc male, 8-10 weeks old). changes in the number of circulating blood cells also were investigated in mice treated with 5-fu. a single dose of 5-fu (150 mg/kg) was injected i.p. the femoral cfu-s decreased after 5-fu treatment up to day 3 when it reached 2% of the control value. the cells then increased, reaching a maximum about ... | 1992 | 1464854 |
| [the theoretical and practical interpretations of the basic manifestations of the epidemic process in shigellosis]. | | 1992 | 1466177 |
| expression of active octameric chicken cardiac mitochondrial creatine kinase in escherichia coli. | sarcomeric mitochondrial creatine kinase (mib-ck) of chicken was expressed in escherichia coli as a soluble enzyme by using an inducible phage-t7 promoter. up to one third of the protein in e. coli extracts consisted of soluble recombinant mib-ck in an enzymically active form. approx. 20 mg of nearly-homogenous mib-ck was isolated in a two-step isolation procedure starting with 1 litre of isopropyl beta-d-thiogalactopyranoside-induced e. coli culture, whereas previous attempts to express other c ... | 1992 | 1471992 |
| determinants of pathogenicity in xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria are related to proteins involved in secretion in bacterial pathogens of animals. | one of the model systems investigated for studying plant bacterial pathogenesis is xanthomonas campestris pv vesicatoria, the causal agent of bacterial spot disease of pepper and tomato. genes necessary for both basic pathogenicity and the induction of the hypersensitive response in resistant plants (hrp genes) were previously isolated from x. c. pv. vesicatoria and characterized genetically. as a first step toward functional analysis, part of the hrp gene cluster, making up several loci, was se ... | 1992 | 1472717 |
| antibody response to oral streptococci in behçet's disease. | the serum antibody titers against oral streptococci were studied by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) both in patients with behçet's disease (bd) and control groups. the patients with bd showed significantly higher antibody titers to s. sanguis strains 113-20, 114-23, and 118-1 which were isolated from patients with bd, in comparison with control groups. also, the reactions of high-titered sera to the crude cell wall and soluble (or membrane) fractions of the 113-20 strain were observed ... | 1992 | 1474932 |
| [bacillary dysentery--1990]. | | 1992 | 1475396 |
| [chemical and serological study of lipopolysaccharide isolated from shigella flexneri 88-893 possessing a new type-antigen]. | the o-specific polysaccharide chain which represents a new type-antigen in lipopolysaccharide (lps) of shigella flexneri 88-893 was investigated. the o-polysaccharide chain was found to be composed of repeating units comprising rhamnose, n-acetylglucosamine and glucose (3:1:2). in the passive hemolysis test, group-6 antiserum of s. flexneri exhibited a high hemolytic titer (50% hemolysis titer: 7,900) against sheep red blood cells (srbc) sensitized with intact 893 lps, but virtually no hemolytic ... | 1992 | 1484404 |
| the mode of action of cfad of escherichia coli and virf of shigella flexneri and other members of the arac family of positive regulators. | | 1992 | 1484494 |
| [rectal temperature-time of death nomogram: dependence of corrective factors of body weight in significant thermal insulating conditions]. | 98 test coolings were made under various cooling conditions (moving air, two types of both clothing and covering) on dummies of real masses of 1, 3.3, 9.9, 24.5 and 33.4 kg resp. which cool under standard conditions (unclothed, uncovered, still air) like human bodies of 14, 33, 41, 83 and 104 kg resp. the results provide evidence on a nonlinear dependence of corrective factors of body weight upon the body weight. the dynamics of the dependence increases with the thickness of thermic isolation. t ... | 1992 | 1489321 |
| avoidance of endotoxin-induced inflammation during studies of albumin clearance from caprine joints. | intra-articular injection of radiolabelled, commercial goat serum albumin (gsa) produces acute arthritis in caprine joints. this inflammation distorts clearance values and vitiates studies of normal lymphatic function. endotoxin, routinely found in commercial albumin preparations, appears to cause this local reaction. we describe a simple method for the preparation of low-endotoxin, radioiodinated serum albumin from aseptically collected serum. we have used this technique to prepare gsa for use ... | 1992 | 1489542 |
| characterization, specificity, and igv gene usage of anti-lymphocyte monoclonal antibodies from perinatal mice. | previous studies have shown that cd5+ b cells predominate during development of the immune system and frequently secrete self-reactive antibodies, some of which appear to influence the development of the adult b cell repertoire. in addition, we now show that a high frequency of perinatally derived antibodies react with lymphocytes. hybridomas derived from perinatal liver and splenic b cells and from spleens of adult balb/c and c57bl/6 mice were screened by immunofluorescence on thymocytes. anti- ... | 1992 | 1489727 |
| dna adduct measurements and tumor incidence during chronic carcinogen exposure in animal models: implications for dna adduct-based human cancer risk assessment. | | 1992 | 1489923 |
| icsb: a shigella flexneri virulence gene necessary for the lysis of protrusions during intercellular spread. | shigella flexneri causes bacillary dysentery by invading epithelial cells of the colonic mucosa. we have characterized the icsb gene which is located on the virulence plasmid pwr100. after inactivation of icsb, the mutant strain remained invasive, but formed abnormally small plaques on hela cell monolayers, colonized only the peripheral cells of caco-2 islets, and was unable to provoke a keratoconjunctivitis in guinea-pigs. examination of infected hela cells showed that the icsb mutant was able ... | 1992 | 1495389 |
| [territorial differences in the nature of the etiological structure of shigellosis--a pattern or chance?]. | | 1992 | 1496882 |
| presence of specific immunoglobulin a-secreting cells in peripheral blood after natural infection with shigella sonnei. | the appearance of antigen-specific immunoglobulin a (iga) antibody-secreting cells (ascs) following natural infection with shigella sonnei during a common-source outbreak caused by this organism was evaluated in a modified enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elispot). a mean iga asc value of 2,131.6/10(6) cells against homologous s. sonnei lipopolysaccharide (lps) was detected in blood samples obtained from patients with bacteriologically proven s. sonnei shigellosis 5 and 10 days after the onset ... | 1992 | 1500527 |
| antigenic homology of endotoxin with a coliform mastitis vaccine strain, escherichia coli o111:b4 (j5). | this study examined recognition of heterologous gram-negative endotoxin by antibodies recognizing common lipopolysaccharide core antigens. gram-negative endotoxins from 11 heterologous bacterial strains were tested for recognition by antibodies against common lipopolysaccharide core antigens. serum was harvested from a calf immunized with the rc mutant, escherichia coli o111:b4 (j5), and affinity purified against endotoxin derived from an ra mutant, salmonella typhimurium, producing an antibody ... | 1992 | 1500577 |
| molecular and cellular biology of shigella flexneri invasiveness: from cell assay systems to shigellosis. | | 1992 | 1505204 |
| [etiological structure of dysentery in the republic of armenia]. | in this work materials on the etiological structure of shigella infections at different territories of armenia are presented. four shigella species have been found to circulate in armenia. the dominating etiological agent is s. flexneri with s. sonnei also playing an important role. the serological picture of s. flexneri is characterized by the prevalence of subserovar 2a. | 1992 | 1509848 |
| [the correspondence theory and etiological structure of shigella infections]. | | 1992 | 1509850 |
| [sensitivity of shigella to antibiotics]. | three hundred and twenty two shigella cultures isolated from dysentery patients within 1986-1989 were tested with the use of standard paper disks for their sensitivity to levomycetin, streptomycin, tetracycline, monomycin, neomycin, kanamycin, erythromycin, gentamicin, carbenicillin, ampicillin, oxacillin, methicillin and doxycycline. the number of the cultures belonging to shigella sonnei amounted to 85.1 per cent of the total number of the strains studied. 91.9, 89.5, 87.3, 87.3, 80.1 and 80.1 ... | 1992 | 1514848 |
| single-dose ciprofloxacin for shigellosis in adults. | | 1992 | 1522320 |
| titres of class-specific antibodies against shigella and salmonella lipopolysaccharide antigens in colostrum and breast milk of costa rican, swedish and vietnamese mothers. | enzyme immunoassays (eia) were used to estimate titres of class-specific antibodies against purified and chemically defined phenol-water-extracted lipopolysaccharide (lps) antigens of salmonella serogroup b (bo), shigella dysenteriae type i, plesiomonas shigelloides (the same o-antigen as shigella sonnei) and shigella flexneri y. titres in colostrum and breast milk of swedish, vietnamese and costa rican mothers from various socioeconomic conditions were compared. the antibodies were mainly of th ... | 1992 | 1522329 |
| efficacy of bovine milk immunoglobulin concentrate in preventing illness after shigella flexneri challenge. | the protective efficacy of oral bovine immunoglobulin concentrates derived from colostrum against challenge with shigella flexneri was studied in healthy adult volunteers in a randomized, double-blind fashion. volunteers were given a product consisting of hyperimmune immunoglobulin concentrate with a high titer of anti-s. flexneri 2a lipopolysaccharide (lps) with sodium bicarbonate or a control preparation with sodium bicarbonate three times a day for seven days. on the third day of treatment, v ... | 1992 | 1524140 |
| influence of inhibitors of lipid biosynthesis on the production of avermectins in streptomyces avermitilis. | streptomyces avermitilis was grown in the presence of four inhibitors of fatty acid biosynthesis (p-chlorophenoxyacetic, dl-2-(p-chlorophenoxy)-propionic, 2-(p-chlorophenoxy)-2-methyl-propionic and p-fluorophenoxyacetic acids). the production of total lipids was inhibited and the cellular content of individual types of fatty acids was altered by these compounds. the anteiso-acid content decreased by up to one-half, whereas the content of iso-odd acids increased 10-fold in the presence of inhibit ... | 1992 | 1526463 |
| low levels of coagulation inhibitors in patients with clostridium difficile infection. | to investigate levels of coagulation inhibitors in sera from patients with clostridium difficile-associated diarrhoea and colitis, commercially available antigen assays were used for immunochemical determination of antithrombin iii, protein c and free protein s. sera from patients with clostridium difficile-associated diarrhoea and colitis showed significantly lowered levels of all measured inhibitors as compared to controls (student's t test). protein c (mean +/- sd): 0.70 +/- 0.30 vs. 1.28 +/- ... | 1992 | 1533851 |
| risk factors for suicide attempts in a human immunodeficiency virus screening program. | | 1992 | 1539099 |
| carcinoid tumor of the pancreas with obstructive pancreatitis. | a case of primary pancreatic enterochromaffin cell (ec cell) carcinoid tumor in a 66-yr-old japanese man is presented. the markedly dilated main pancreatic duct was noticed at the time of an incidental ultrasonogram during hospitalization for diabetes mellitus. endoscopic retrograde pancreatography showed stenosis of the main pancreatic duct at the body of the pancreas and dilated pancreatic ducts distal to the obstruction. a distal pancreatectomy was performed, together with splenectomy. macros ... | 1992 | 1539573 |
| relationship between intracellular ph and tension development in resting ventricular muscle and myocytes. | simultaneous measurements of intracellular ph (phi) and tension development were made in resting cat papillary muscles and resting ventricular myocytes (cat, guinea pig). ph microelectrodes and the fluorescent indicator carboxy-seminaphthorhodafluor-1 (snarf-1) were used to measure phi in muscles and myocytes, respectively. phi-induced changes in isometric muscle tension and myocyte length were elicited by variations in pco2, hco3-, and [nh4cl]. increased phi elevated resting tension and decreas ... | 1992 | 1539624 |
| fluid shear stress modulates cytosolic free calcium in vascular endothelial cells. | cytosolic free ca2+ concentration ([ca2+]i) was monitored in single and groups of fura-2-loaded bovine aortic endothelial cells (baec) during exposure to laminar fluid shear stress. application of a step increase in shear stress from 0.08 to 8 dyn/cm2 to confluent baec monolayers resulted in a transient increase in [ca2+]i, which attained a peak value in 15-40 s, followed by a decline to baseline within 40-80 s. the magnitude of the [ca2+]i responses increased with applied shear stress over the ... | 1992 | 1539628 |
| degradation of 2,4-dinitrotoluene by the lignin-degrading fungus phanerochaete chrysosporium. | under ligninolytic conditions, the white rot basidiomycete phanerochaete chrysosporium mineralizes 2,4-dinitrotoluene (i). the pathway for the degradation of i was elucidated by the characterization of fungal metabolites and oxidation products generated by lignin peroxidase (lip), manganese peroxidase (mnp), and crude intracellular cell extracts. the multistep pathway involves the initial reduction of i to yield 2-amino-4-nitrotoluene (ii). ii is oxidized by mnp to yield 4-nitro-1,2-benzoquinone ... | 1992 | 1539977 |
| salmonella peritonitis and splenic abscess in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus. | | 1992 | 1540025 |
| movement along actin filaments of the perijunctional area and de novo polymerization of cellular actin are required for shigella flexneri colonization of epithelial caco-2 cell monolayers. | shigella flexneri invades eucaryotic cells and grows in the cytoplasm. lysis of the phagosomal membrane is a prerequisite for both intracellular multiplication and movement of the bacteria that gain direct access to the host cell actin. in hela cells, bacteria generate their own movement essentially by inducing actin polymerization. polymerization of actin enables them to move rapidly and randomly in the cytoplasm and to spread from one cell to another through protrusions of the host cell membra ... | 1992 | 1541518 |
| nucleotide sequence and transcriptional regulation of a positive regulatory gene of shigella dysenteriae. | a 1,937 bp psti-hindiii fragment containing the ipar locus was cloned from the large invasion plasmid of shigella dysenteriae cg097, and its nucleotide sequence was completely determined. the ipar protein (35 kda, calculated from the dna sequence) was synthesized in escherichia coli chi 1411 minicells containing the 1,937-bp psti-hindiii fragment. to determine the regulatory role of ipar for ipa genes, we applied genetic complementation experiments using chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (cat) a ... | 1992 | 1541532 |
| shigella-specific iga in saliva of children with bacillary dysentery. | to study the secretory immune response after shigella infection, the anti-lipopolysaccharide and anti-shiga-toxin response in saliva, obtained from children with confirmed shigellosis and healthy children, were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and by western blot. children with infection showed high titers compared to healthy controls. after shigella dysenteriae type 1 infection a significant change in titer could be observed in a large number of cases, in contrast to shigella fle ... | 1992 | 1547024 |
| drug resistance and plasmid profile of shigellae in taiwan. | one hundred and twenty-eight shigella strains isolated from newborn and infant human faecal specimens at kaohsiung medical college hospital in taiwan were serogrouped, serotyped and examined for drug-resistance patterns and for the presence of plasmids. forty-seven per cent of the isolates were found to belong to the shigella sonnei serogroup, 41% to the s. flexneri group, 9% to the s. boydii group and 3% to the s. dysenteriae group. the serotype with the greatest number of strains was s. sonnei ... | 1992 | 1547844 |
| clinical and biological evaluation in von willebrand's disease of a von willebrand factor concentrate with low factor viii activity. | this study was carried out to assess the clinical efficacy in von willebrand's disease (vwd) of a new, very high purity (vhp), solvent/detergent (sd)-treated, vwf concentrate (vhp human von willebrand factor concentrate, biotransfusion) characterized by a high specific ristocetin cofactor (vwf:rco) activity and a low factor viii (fviii) coagulant activity (fviii:c). nine patients (four type i, one type iia, one type iib, one type iic, one type iii and one acquired type ii) were infused on 13 occ ... | 1992 | 1550779 |
| [molecular and cellular bases of the virulence of shigella flexneri]. | shigella flexneri, a gram negative bacillus, causes bacillary dysentery, an ulcerative disease of the human colon, by invading intestinal epithelial cells. entry into epithelial cells occurs via an induced phagocytic process which involves the actino-myosin complex. the host-cell receptor and the transmembrane signal which initiate reorganization of the cytoskeleton are under study. binding to integrins has recently been demonstrated in related models such as the entry of yersinia pseudotubercul ... | 1992 | 1554236 |
| auxotrophic live oral shigella flexneri vaccine protects monkeys against challenge with s. flexneri of different serotypes. | the aromatic-dependent live shigella flexneri y strain sfl114, attenuated by a tn10-inactivated arod gene, was given as an oral vaccine to 14 macaca fascicularis monkeys. a significant clinical attenuation of sfl114 was seen (p = 0.0058) as all vaccinated monkeys tolerated 2 x 10(10)-1 x 10(11) bacteria of sfl114, whereas four out of seven monkeys orally given 1 x 10(11) of the virulent parent strain sfl1 developed shigellosis. the average excretion time for sfl114 and sfl1 were 2 and 18 days, r ... | 1992 | 1557932 |
| endocrine responses in cows milked by hand and machine. | plasma concentrations of oxytocin, prolactin, and cortisol were compared in five swedish red and white cows milked by hand versus machine. cows were divided into two groups. one group was hand-milked; the other group was machine-milked. treatments were switched every other day. the experiment was carried out for 6 d. blood samples were taken prior to, during, and after milking and were assayed for hormones. more oxytocin and prolactin were released in hand-milked cows. there were no significant ... | 1992 | 1560139 |
| pulsatile growth hormone secretion during the breeding season in male reindeer and its association with hypophagia and weight loss. | male deer reduce food intake and lose weight during the breeding season (rut) in autumn. growth hormone (gh) is lipolytic in ruminants; therefore, pulsatile gh secretion was measured in three young reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus) bulls during the natural period of weight loss during rut. blood samples were withdrawn through a jugular cannula every 20 min for 16 hr on 5 occasions from late summer to early winter in unanaesthetised animals. the deer were group fed a pelleted concentrate rati ... | 1992 | 1563616 |
| shigellosis in thai children: epidemiologic, clinical and laboratory features. | two hundred thirty cases of shigellosis in children managed at chulalongkorn hospital from 1984 to 1988 were reviewed. the most common presentation included diarrhea, most frequently with mucus and blood, and fever. there were no deaths. the most common species was shigella flexneri (83.5%) which showed increasing resistance to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. | 1992 | 1565537 |
| childhood shigellosis in saudi arabia. | in this study 234 children with shigellosis were evaluated during a 6-year period. the ages ranged from 2 days to 13 years (mean, 3.4 years). sixty percent of the children were in the 1- to 4-year age group. one hundred four children were hospitalized and 130 were outpatients. most cases of shigellosis presented during the months of april-may and september-november. shigella flexneri accounted for 44% and shigella sonnei for 43% of the isolates. susceptibility testing showed that 54% were resist ... | 1992 | 1565538 |
| lipoprotein lipase and hepatic lipase activities are differentially regulated in isolated hepatocytes from neonatal rats. | lipoprotein lipase and hepatic lipase are members of the lipase gene family sharing a high degree of homology in their amino acid sequences and genomic organization. we have recently shown that isolated hepatocytes from neonatal rats express both enzyme activities. we show here that both enzymes are, however, differentially regulated. our main findings are: (i) fasting induced an increase of the lipoprotein lipase activity but a decrease of the hepatic lipase activity in whole liver, being in bo ... | 1992 | 1567912 |
| bioactive polymers: in vitro and in vivo study of controlled release neomycin. | neomycin is coupled on xanthan-a polysaccharide of microbial biosynthesis produced by xanthomonas campestris-through ionic complexation. the kinetics of neomycin release, in vitro, at ph = 8.2 is studied. a controlled release of neomycin, following a zero order kinetics is observed, regardless of the eluent flow. neomycin complexed on xanthan, administered in a unique daily dose to patients suffering from dysentery in the 100 cases taken in study, has shown a high clinical efficiency as compared ... | 1992 | 1573555 |
| bacterial lipopolysaccharide in synovial fluid cells in shigella triggered reactive arthritis. | | 1992 | 1578474 |
| ipab of shigella flexneri causes entry into epithelial cells and escape from the phagocytic vacuole. | by creating mutations within the shigella flexneri ipab gene, we have demonstrated that the invasion of epithelial cells is a three-step process encompassing adhesion on the cell surface, entry and lysis of the phagocytic vacuole allowing subsequent access to the cytoplasm. sc403, an insertion mutant which lacks expression of ipab but still expresses downstream genes, has been particularly studied. it is non-invasive, does not elicit actin polymerization, but binds to hela cells indicating that ... | 1992 | 1582426 |
| safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy in monkeys and humans of invasive escherichia coli k-12 hybrid vaccine candidates expressing shigella flexneri 2a somatic antigen. | a live, oral shigella vaccine, constructed by transfer of the 140-mda invasiveness plasmid from shigella flexneri 5 and the chromosomal genes encoding the group- and type-specific o antigen of s. flexneri 2a to escherichia coli k-12, was tested in humans. designated ecsf2a-1, this vaccine produced adverse reactions (fever, diarrhea, or dysentery) in 4 (31%) of 13 subjects who ingested a single dose of 1.0 x 10(9) cfu, while at better-tolerated doses (5.0 x 10(6) to 5.0 x 10(7) cfu), it provided ... | 1992 | 1587589 |
| novel invasion determinant of enteropathogenic escherichia coli plasmid plv501 encodes the ability to invade intestinal epithelial cells and hep-2 cells. | an escherichia coli k-12 transformant carrying 96.5-kb plasmid plv501 from enteropathogenic e. coli (epec) strain k798 is able to produce the same characteristic attaching-effacing lesions in a rabbit ileal biopsy explant model as its parent strain. cloned ecori-sali dna restriction fragments from this plasmid failed to reproduce the attaching-effacing lesions, but one recombinant plasmid, plv527, containing 4.5 kb of plv501 dna, conferred on e. coli dh1 transformants the ability to invade enter ... | 1992 | 1587591 |
| hla-b27 expression modulates gram-negative bacterial invasion into transfected l cells. | the mechanism by which hla-b27 confers genetic susceptibility to the seronegative spondyloarthropathies ankylosing spondylitis, reiter's syndrome, and reactive arthritis, is not well understood. the current concept of an extraarticular bacterial infection functioning as the triggering event in a genetically susceptible host suggests the possibility of direct microbial-mhc interaction. we have addressed the role of hla-b27 in microbial-host cell interaction by examining invasion by putatively art ... | 1992 | 1588045 |
| polymerase chain reaction analysis of renin in rat aortic smooth muscle. | controversy exists whether vascular smooth muscle cells in vivo synthesize renin, thereby providing a critical component of the hypothesized vascular renin-angiotensin system. to examine this question, we enzymatically isolated and pooled the medial layer of thoracic aortas from sprague-dawley rats that were either untreated or enalapril treated for 3 days, isolated messenger rna (mrna), and performed northern blot analysis with rat complementary dna (cdna) probes for renin, cathepsin d, and cat ... | 1992 | 1592470 |
| polymerase chain reaction analysis of renin in rat aortic smooth muscle. | controversy exists whether vascular smooth muscle cells in vivo synthesize renin, thereby providing a critical component of the hypothesized vascular renin-angiotensin system. to examine this question, we enzymatically isolated and pooled the medial layer of thoracic aortas from sprague-dawley rats that were either untreated or enalapril treated for 3 days, isolated messenger rna (mrna), and performed northern blot analysis with rat complementary dna (cdna) probes for renin, cathepsin d, and cat ... | 1992 | 1592470 |
| induction of beta-lactamase from shigella flexneri ucsf-129: purification by affinity chromatography and some properties. | lincomycin, an inhibitor of protein synthesis, was an excellent inductor of beta-lactamase, and its total activity and specific activity were increased 2.5- and 3.6-fold respectively. the beta-lactamase produced by shigella flexneri ucsf-129 was purified by affinity chromatography on phenylboronic acid-agarose with a type b column using an hydrophobic spacer arm (6-aminohexanoic acid activated with succinimide). the yield and specific activity were 96% and 29,283 u/mg, respectively. these were 1 ... | 1992 | 1593966 |
| acamprosate modulates synaptosomal gaba transmission in chronically alcoholised rats. | male sprague-dawley rats were pulmonary alcoholised for 30 days. six were treated with acamprosate (400 mg/kg/day, po) during alcoholisation. the control nonalcoholised group also received acamprosate (400 mg/kg/day, po) during the 30 days. at the end of the experiment, brains areas (cortex, hippocampus, thalamus, striatum, and olfactory bulbs) were dissected for the study of synaptosomal 3h-gaba uptake. in another experiment, gaba levels were determined in the same areas using hplc with electro ... | 1992 | 1594633 |
| copulatory analgesia in male rats ensues from arousal, motor activity, and genital stimulation: blockage by manipulation and restraint. | the effect of copulation on the vocalization threshold to tail shock (vtts) was assessed in freely-moving, sexually experienced, wistar male rats. mean vtts during the first copulation was 40% above the baseline values and slightly decreased during the first postejaculatory interval (pei; 28% above baseline). vtts mean values further increased during the second copulatory series (93% above baseline and 63% during the pei). testing at the same intervals in noncopulating rats did not induce analge ... | 1992 | 1594675 |
| metabolism of the aminoterminal propeptide of type iii procollagen in cultures of human proximal tubular cells. | degradation of the intact form of the aminoterminal propeptide of type iii procollagen (piiinp) has been established in the liver, whereas the col 1 domain of piiinp is extracted by the kidneys. we used native human piiinp and col 1 domain of piiinp to investigate the degradation of piiinp in cultures of human proximal tubular cells. normal renal tissue was obtained from the healthy part of kidneys surgically removed and from biopsies from a total of 10 patients. the degradation was characterize ... | 1992 | 1594884 |
| an isolated perfused rat kidney preparation designed for assessment of glomerular permeability characteristics. | the aim of the present investigation was to modify the widely used isolated perfused rat kidney preparation to make it more suitable for studies of glomerular permeability to macromolecules. both kidneys were perfused in situ using separate pumps in two of each other independent systems with tyrode-solution containing human serum albumin (18.2 g l-1). sodium nitroprusside was administered to induce dilatation and to maintain constant vascular resistance (pru100) during the experiments. the addit ... | 1992 | 1595354 |
| the no-reflow phenomenon is a post-mortem artifact. | post-ischemic reperfusion impairment, ("no-reflow phenomenon"), was studied in rats subjected to 8-30 minutes of global brain ischemia. during ischemia, rapid and complete loss of cerebral blood flow, eeg and 31p-high energy phosphates (atp/pcr) was observed. brain intravascular perfusion defects were examined by injecting carbon black intravenously in a group of rats with stable cardiopulmonary function and in another group subjected to rapid thoracotomy and intraarterial infusion of the carbon ... | 1992 | 1595393 |
| cross-reactive proteins of borrelia burgdorferi. | the specificity of serological tests for lyme borreliosis is impaired by cross-reacting antibodies. in order to select antigens for more specific tests, specific and cross-reactive proteins of borrelia burgdorferi must be identified. therefore, to analyze cross reactions of borrelia burgdorferi with other bacteria, rabbit immune sera against heterologous bacteria (borrelia hermsii, treponema pallidum, treponema phagedenis, leptospira interrogans (serogroup grippotyphosa), neisseria meningitidis, ... | 1992 | 1597198 |
| constitutive mutations of agrobacterium tumefaciens transcriptional activator virg. | the virulence (vir) genes of agrobacterium tumefaciens ti plasmids are positively regulated by virg in conjunction with vira and plant-derived inducing molecules. a procedure that utilizes both genetic selection and a genetic screen was developed to isolate mutations in virg that led to elevated levels of vir gene expression in the absence of vira and plant phenolic inducers. mutants were isolated at a frequency of 1 in 10(7) to 10(8). substitution mutations at two positions in the virg coding r ... | 1992 | 1597431 |
| live oral auxotrophic shigella flexneri sfl124 vaccine with a deleted arod gene: characterization and monkey protection studies. | shigella flexneri sfl124, with a deletion encompassing all, or nearly all, of the coding sequence of gene arod was obtained after selection on a fusaric acid medium supplemented with 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid for tetracycline-sensitive mutants of s. flexneri sfl114 which is an arod::tn10 transductant. two of 20 tetracycline-sensitive mutants tested in colony hybridization with a 32p-labelled dna probe of approximately 1400 base pairs (comprising all except the 75 n-terminal base pairs of the cod ... | 1992 | 1598787 |