| clinical characteristics and risk factors of pyogenic spondylitis caused by gram-negative bacteria. | there are limited data describing the clinical characteristics of pyogenic spondylitis caused by gram-negative bacteria (gnb). the aim of this study was to investigate the predisposing factors and clinical characteristics of pyogenic spondylitis caused by gnb compared to gram-positive cocci (gpc). | 2015 | 25978839 |
| ceftazidime-avibactam activity tested against enterobacteriaceae isolates from u.s. hospitals (2011 to 2013) and characterization of β-lactamase-producing strains. | ceftazidime-avibactam (mic50/90, 0.12/0.25 μg/ml) inhibited 99.9% (20,698/20,709) of enterobacteriaceae isolates at ≤8 μg/ml. this compound was active against resistant subsets, including ceftazidime-nonsusceptible enterobacter cloacae (mic50/90, 0.25/0.5 μg/ml) and extended-spectrum β-lactamase (esbl) phenotype isolates. an esbl phenotype was noted among 12.4% (1,696/13,692 isolates from targeted species) of the isolates, including 776 escherichia coli (12.0% for this species; mic50/90, 0.12/0. ... | 2015 | 25845862 |
| the antimicrobial activity of heterotrophic bacteria isolated from the marine sponge erylus deficiens (astrophorida, geodiidae). | interest in the study of marine sponges and their associated microbiome has increased both for ecological reasons and for their great biotechnological potential. in this work, heterotrophic bacteria associated with three specimens of the marine sponge erylus deficiens, were isolated in pure culture, phylogenetically identified and screened for antimicrobial activity. the isolation of bacteria after an enrichment treatment in heterotrophic medium revealed diversity in bacterial composition with o ... | 2015 | 25999928 |
| procalcitonin and pyuria-based algorithm reduces antibiotic use in urinary tract infections: a randomized controlled trial. | urinary tract infections (utis) are common drivers of antibiotic use. the minimal effective duration of antibiotic therapy for utis is unknown, but any reduction is important to diminish selection pressure for antibiotic resistance, costs, and drug-related side-effects. the aim of this study was to investigate whether an algorithm based on procalcitonin (pct) and quantitative pyuria reduces antibiotic exposure. | 2015 | 25934044 |
| efficient detection of carbapenemase activity in enterobacteriaceae by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry in less than 30 minutes. | the recognition of carbapenemase-producing enterobacteriaceae (cpe) isolates is a major laboratory challenge, and their inappropriate or delayed detection may have negative impacts on patient management and on the implementation of infection control measures. we describe here a matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight (maldi-tof)-based method to detect carbapenemase activity in enterobacteriaceae. after a 20-min incubation of the isolate with 0.5 mg/ml imipenem at 37°c, superna ... | 2015 | 25926485 |
| a comparison of the clinical characteristics of elderly and non-elderly women with community-onset, non-obstructive acute pyelonephritis. | acute pyelonephritis (apn) is the most common cause of community-onset bacteremia in hospitalized elderly patients. the objectives of this study were to investigate the differences in the clinical and microbiological data of hospitalized elderly and non-elderly women with community-onset apn. | 2015 | 25995668 |
| propensity-matched analysis to compare the therapeutic efficacies of cefuroxime versus cefotaxime as initial antimicrobial therapy for community-onset complicated nonobstructive acute pyelonephritis due to enterobacteriaceae infection in women. | this study was performed to compare the therapeutic efficacy of cefuroxime with that of cefotaxime as initial antimicrobial therapies in women with complicated nonobstructive acute pyelonephritis (apn) caused by enterobacteriaceae infections. the clinical characteristics and outcomes of a cefuroxime-treated group (n = 156) were compared with those of a cefotaxime-treated group (n = 166). of these 322 women, 90 from each group were matched by propensity scores. the defervescence rates were not si ... | 2015 | 25645837 |
| brain abscess caused by citrobacter koseri infection in an adult. | citrobacter koseri is a gram-negative bacillus that causes mostly meningitis and brain abscesses in neonates and infants. however, brain abscess caused by citrobacter koseri infection in an adult is extremely rare, and only 2 cases have been described. here, we reported a 73-year-old male presenting with a 3-week headache. a history of diabetes mellitus was noted. the images revealed a brain abscess in the left frontal lobe and pus culture confirmed the growth of citrobacter koseri. the clinical ... | 2015 | 25864072 |
| carbapenem-nonsusceptible enterobacteriaceae in taiwan. | a total of 1135 carbapenem-resistant (nonsusceptible) enterobacteriaceae (cre) isolates were recovered between november 2010 and july 2012 (517 from 2010-2011 and 618 from 2012) from 4 hospitals in taiwan. carbapenemase-producing enterobacteriaceae (cpe) comprised 5.0% (57 isolates), including 17 kpc-2 (16 klebsiella pneumoniae and 1 escherichia coli), 1 ndm-1 (k. oxytoca), 37 imp-8 (26 enterobacter cloacae, 4 citrobacter freundii, 4 raoultella planticola, 1 k. pneumoniae, 1 e. coli and 1 k. oxy ... | 2015 | 25794144 |
| abscess formation within a cerebellar metastasis: case report and literature review. | the managements of brain abscesses and brain tumors including brain metastases differ greatly, especially in terms of surgical procedures. therefore, differentiating between the two is essential for assuring optimal treatment. however, on rare occasion, these two lesions coexist. only five cases with both a brain tumor and an abscess have thus, far been reported. we experienced a patient with a brain abscess within a cerebellar metastasis. | 2015 | 25799962 |
| the ongoing revolution of maldi-tof mass spectrometry for microbiology reaches tropical africa. | matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight (maldi-tof) mass spectrometry (ms) represents a revolution in routine pathogen identification in clinical microbiology laboratories. a maldi-tof ms was introduced to tropical africa in the clinical microbiology laboratory of the hôpital principal de dakar (senegal) and used for routine pathogen identification. using ms, 2,429 bacteria and fungi isolated from patients were directly assayed, leading to the identification of 2,082 bacteria ... | 2015 | 25601995 |
| enterobacteriaceae isolates from the oral cavity of workers in a brazilian oncology hospital. | the evaluation of workers as potential reservoirs and disseminators of pathogenic bacteria has been described as a strategy for the prevention and control of healthcare-associated infections (hais). the aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of enterobacteriaceae in the oral cavity of workers at an oncology hospital in the midwest region of brazil, as well as to characterize the phenotypic profile of the isolates. saliva samples of 294 workers from the hospital's healthcare and support t ... | 2015 | 25923890 |
| bacteriology of pressure ulcers in individuals with spinal cord injury: what we know and what we should know. | individuals with spinal cord injury (sci) are at increased risk for the development of pressure ulcers. these chronic wounds are debilitating and contribute to prolonged hospitalization and worse medical outcome. however, the species of bacteria and the role that specific species may play in delaying the healing of chronic pressure ulcers in the sci population has not been well characterized. this study will review the literature regarding what is known currently about the bacteriology of pressu ... | 2015 | 25130374 |
| rapid detection of esbl-producing enterobacteriaceae in blood cultures. | we rapidly identified extended-spectrum β-lactamase (esbl) producers prospectively among 245 gram-negative bacilli-positive cultured blood specimens using the rapid esbl nordmann/dortet/poirel test and direct bacterial identification using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. this combination identified esbl-producing enterobacteriaceae within 30 min and had high predictive values. | 2015 | 25695535 |
| novel approaches to improve the intrinsic microbiological safety of powdered infant milk formula. | human milk is recognised as the best form of nutrition for infants. however; in instances where breast-feeding is not possible, unsuitable or inadequate, infant milk formulae are used as breast milk substitutes. these formulae are designed to provide infants with optimum nutrition for normal growth and development and are available in either powdered or liquid forms. powdered infant formula is widely used for convenience and economic reasons. however; current manufacturing processes are not capa ... | 2015 | 25685987 |
| in vitro spectrum of pexiganan activity when tested against pathogens from diabetic foot infections and with selected resistance mechanisms. | pexiganan, a 22-amino-acid synthetic cationic peptide, is currently in phase 3 clinical trials as a topical antimicrobial agent for the treatment of mild infections associated with diabetic foot ulcers. bacterial isolates from the 2013 sentry antimicrobial surveillance program designated as pathogens from diabetic foot infections (dfi) and gram-negative and -positive pathogens from various infection types that harbored selected resistance mechanisms/phenotypes were tested against pexiganan in re ... | 2015 | 25583717 |
| gut symbionts from distinct hosts exhibit genotoxic activity via divergent colibactin biosynthesis pathways. | secondary metabolites produced by nonribosomal peptide synthetase (nrps) or polyketide synthase (pks) pathways are chemical mediators of microbial interactions in diverse environments. however, little is known about their distribution, evolution, and functional roles in bacterial symbionts associated with animals. a prominent example is colibactin, a largely unknown family of secondary metabolites produced by escherichia coli via a hybrid nrps-pks biosynthetic pathway that inflicts dna damage up ... | 2015 | 25527542 |
| corneal laceration caused by river crab. | a 5-year-old boy presented with right eye pain associated with tearing and photophobia of 1-day duration. he gave a history of playing with a river crab when suddenly the crab clamped his fingers. he attempted to fling the crab off, but the crab flew and hit his right eye. ocular examination revealed a right eye corneal ulcer with clumps of fibrin located beneath the corneal ulcer and 1.6 mm level of hypopyon. at presentation, the seidel test was negative, with a deep anterior chamber. culture f ... | 2015 | 25678769 |
| association of tellurite resistance with hypervirulent clonal groups of klebsiella pneumoniae. | tellurite-based selective growth media are used for several bacterial pathogens. we found that, in klebsiella pneumoniae, tellurite resistance is strongly associated with hypervirulent clonal group 23 (cg23), cg65, and cg86, providing a novel approach for screening environmental or carriage samples. the terw gene was also associated with these groups. | 2015 | 25631812 |
| prophylaxis with teicoplanin and cefuroxime reduces the rate of prosthetic joint infection after primary arthroplasty. | the aim of this study was to compare the prosthetic joint infection (pji) rate after total joint arthroplasty in two consecutive periods of treatment with different antibiotic prophylaxes: cefuroxime versus cefuroxime plus teicoplanin. we retrospectively reviewed 1,896 patients who underwent total hip arthroplasty or total knee arthroplasty between march 2010 and february 2013. from march 2010 to august 2011, patients received 1.5 g of cefuroxime during induction of anesthesia and another 1.5 g ... | 2015 | 25403662 |
| blocking yersiniabactin import attenuates extraintestinal pathogenic escherichia coli in cystitis and pyelonephritis and represents a novel target to prevent urinary tract infection. | the emergence and spread of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases and carbapenemases among common bacterial pathogens are threatening our ability to treat routine hospital- and community-acquired infections. with the pipeline for new antibiotics virtually empty, there is an urgent need to develop novel therapeutics. bacteria require iron to establish infection, and specialized pathogen-associated iron acquisition systems like yersiniabactin, common among pathogenic species in the family enterobacter ... | 2015 | 25624354 |
| the bacterial curli system possesses a potent and selective inhibitor of amyloid formation. | curli are extracellular functional amyloids that are assembled by enteric bacteria during biofilm formation and host colonization. an efficient secretion system and chaperone network ensures that the major curli fiber subunit, csga, does not form intracellular amyloid aggregates. we discovered that the periplasmic protein csgc was a highly effective inhibitor of csga amyloid formation. in the absence of csgc, csga formed toxic intracellular aggregates. in vitro, csgc inhibited csga amyloid forma ... | 2015 | 25620560 |
| genome rearrangements can make and break small rna genes. | small rnas (srnas) are short, transcribed regulatory elements that are typically encoded in the intergenic regions (igrs) of bacterial genomes. several srnas, first recognized in escherichia coli, are conserved among enteric bacteria, but because of the regulatory roles of srnas, differences in srna repertoires might be responsible for features that differentiate closely related species. we scanned the e. coli mg1655 and salmonella enterica typhimurium genomes for nonsyntenic igrs as a potential ... | 2015 | 25601101 |
| multicenter evaluation of the biofire filmarray gastrointestinal panel for etiologic diagnosis of infectious gastroenteritis. | the appropriate treatment and control of infectious gastroenteritis depend on the ability to rapidly detect the wide range of etiologic agents associated with the disease. clinical laboratories currently utilize an array of different methodologies to test for bacterial, parasitic, and viral causes of gastroenteritis, a strategy that suffers from poor sensitivity, potentially long turnaround times, and complicated ordering practices and workflows. additionally, there are limited or no testing met ... | 2015 | 25588652 |
| heterotaxy syndrome infants are at risk for early shunt failure after ladd procedure. | cardiac-specific risks and complications after a ladd procedure in patients with heterotaxy syndrome (hs) and intestinal rotational anomalies (ira) are unknown. we sought to (1) describe rates of hospital mortality and early systemic-to-pulmonary (s-p) artery shunt failure after the ladd procedure in patients with hs and (2) explore risk factors associated with early shunt failure in patients with hs with single ventricle (sv). | 2015 | 25595831 |
| outcomes, cost comparison, and patient satisfaction during long-term central venous access in cancer patients: experience from a tertiary care cancer institute in south india. | prolonged treatment, frequent administration of chemotherapy, antibiotics and blood products in cancer patients requires long term venous access. central venous catheters (cvc) inserted into the subclavian vein or internal jugular vein, peripherally inserted central venous catheters (picc) and chemoport (cp) are the commonly used central venous access devices (cvad). | 2016 | 28144088 |
| intestinal bacterial colonization in the first 2 weeks of life of nigerian neonates using standard culture methods. | the pattern and timing of development of intestinal microflora in nigerian infants have been scarcely researched. this study was carried out to investigate the bacteria flora in the rectum of healthy neonates in ibadan, nigeria. | 2016 | 28083526 |
| outcomes of infectious versus sterile perforated corneal ulcers after therapeutic penetrating keratoplasty in the united states. | purpose. to compare the long-term outcomes of infectious versus sterile perforated corneal ulcers after therapeutic penetrating keratoplasty in the united states. methods. the charts of 45 consecutive eyes that underwent primary therapeutic penetrating keratoplasty for a perforated corneal ulcer at a single center were retrospectively reviewed. the perforated ulcers were classified as infectious or sterile and the underlying demographics, clinical features, and 36-month outcomes were compared am ... | 2016 | 28070416 |
| mechanisms of evolution in high-consequence drug resistance plasmids. | the dissemination of resistance among bacteria has been facilitated by the fact that resistance genes are usually located on a diverse and evolving set of transmissible plasmids. however, the mechanisms generating diversity and enabling adaptation within highly successful resistance plasmids have remained obscure, despite their profound clinical significance. to understand these mechanisms, we have performed a detailed analysis of the mobilome (the entire mobile genetic element content) of a set ... | 2016 | 27923922 |
| risk factors for bacteremia in patients with urinary catheter-associated bacteriuria. | catheter-associated bacteriuria is complicated by secondary bacteremia in 0.4% to 4.0% of cases. the directly attributable mortality rate is 12.7%. | 2016 | 27965229 |
| positive and strongly relaxed purifying selection drive the evolution of repeats in proteins. | protein repeats are considered hotspots of protein evolution, associated with acquisition of new functions and novel phenotypic traits, including disease. paradoxically, however, repeats are often strongly conserved through long spans of evolution. to resolve this conundrum, it is necessary to directly compare paralogous (horizontal) evolution of repeats within proteins with their orthologous (vertical) evolution through speciation. here we develop a rigorous methodology to identify highly perio ... | 2016 | 27857066 |
| microbiome analysis reveals the abundance of bacterial pathogens in rousettus leschenaultii guano. | bats are crucial for proper functioning of an ecosystem. they provide various important services to ecosystem and environment. while, bats are well-known carrier of pathogenic viruses, their possible role as a potential carrier of pathogenic bacteria is under-explored. here, using culture-based approach, employing multiple bacteriological media, over thousand bacteria were cultivated and identified from rousettus leschenaultii (a frugivorous bat species), the majority of which were from the fami ... | 2016 | 27845426 |
| detection of ampc β-lactamase producing bacteria isolated in neonatal sepsis. | the objective of this study was to determine the occurrence and antimicrobial profile of ampc β-lactamase producing bacteria. | 2016 | 28083055 |
| intestinal enterobacteriaceae that protect nematodes from the effects of benzimidazoles. | the objective of this study was to investigate an interaction between nematodes and gut enterobacteriaceae that use benzimidazoles as a carbon source. by addressing this objective, we identified an anthelmintic resistance-like mechanism for gastrointestinal nematodes. we isolated 30 gut bacteria (family enterobacteriaceae) that subsist on and putatively catabolize benzimidazole-class anthelmintics. c. elegans was protected from the effects of benzimidazoles when co-incubated with these enterobac ... | 2016 | 28066686 |
| citrobacter koseri pneumonia as initial presentation of underlying pulmonary adenocarcinoma. | citrobacter koseri is a motile, gram-negative rod traditionally known to cause infection in individuals with significant comorbidities and immunocompromised status. while most cases represent nosocomial infections, rarely community-acquired infections have been reported. we present a previously healthy man in his 60s with c. koseri pneumonia who was subsequently found to have underlying pulmonary adenocarcinoma, illustrating the need for further investigation for immunodeficiency and/or intrapul ... | 2016 | 27746678 |
| genome sequences of nine gram-negative vaginal bacterial isolates. | the vagina is home to a wide variety of bacteria that have great potential to impact human health. here, we announce reference strains (now available through bei resources) and draft genome sequences for 9 gram-negative vaginal isolates from the taxa citrobacter, klebsiella, fusobacterium, proteus, and prevotella. | 2016 | 27688330 |
| genome sequences of 12 bacterial isolates obtained from the urine of pregnant women. | the presence of bacteria in urine can pose significant risks during pregnancy. however, there are few reference genome strains for many common urinary bacteria. we isolated 12 urinary strains of streptococcus, staphylococcus, citrobacter, gardnerella, and lactobacillus these strains and their genomes are now available to the research community. | 2016 | 27688327 |
| correction: clinical impact of maldi-tof ms identification and rapid susceptibility testing on adequate antimicrobial treatment in sepsis with positive blood cultures. | [this corrects the article doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156299.]. | 2016 | 27658295 |
| bacteriophages in clinical samples can interfere with microbiological diagnostic tools. | bacteriophages are viruses that infect bacteria, and they are found everywhere their bacterial hosts are present, including the human body. to explore the presence of phages in clinical samples, we assessed 65 clinical samples (blood, ascitic fluid, urine, cerebrospinal fluid, and serum). infectious tailed phages were detected in >45% of ascitic fluid and urine samples. three examples of phage interference with bacterial isolation were observed. phages prevented the confluent bacterial growth re ... | 2016 | 27609086 |
| carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae: prevalence and risk factors in a single community-based hospital in korea. | carbapenemase-producing enterobacteriaceae (cpe) are gram-negative bacteria with increasing prevalence of infection worldwide. in korea, 25 cases of cpe isolates were reported by the korea centers for disease control and prevention in 2011. most cpe cases were detected mainly at tertiary referral hospitals. we analyzed the prevalence and risk factors for carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae (cre) in a mid-sized community-based hospital in korea. | 2016 | 27659436 |
| bacterial etiology and antibiotic resistance profile of community-acquired urinary tract infections in a cameroonian city. | introduction. community-acquired urinary tract infections (cautis) are usually treated empirically. geographical variations in etiologic agents and their antibiotic sensitivity patterns are common. knowledge of antibiotic resistance trends is important for improving evidence-based recommendations for empirical treatment of utis. our aim was to determine the major bacterial etiologies of cautis and their antibiotic resistance patterns in a cosmopolitan area of cameroon for comparison with prescri ... | 2016 | 27667998 |
| assessment of genetically engineered trabulsiella odontotermitis as a 'trojan horse' for paratransgenesis in termites. | the formosan subterranean termite, coptotermes formosanus is an invasive urban pest in the southeastern usa. paratransgenesis using a microbe expressed lytic peptide that targets the termite gut protozoa is currently being developed for the control of formosan subterranean termites. in this study, we evaluated trabulsiella odontotermitis, a termite-specific bacterium, for its potential to serve as a 'trojan horse' for expression of gene products in termite colonies. | 2016 | 27595984 |
| a review of shv extended-spectrum β-lactamases: neglected yet ubiquitous. | β-lactamases are the primary cause of resistance to β-lactams among members of the family enterobacteriaceae. shv enzymes have emerged in enterobacteriaceae causing infections in health care in the last decades of the twentieth century, and they are now observed in isolates in different epidemiological settings both in human, animal and the environment. likely originated from a chromosomal penicillinase of klebsiella pneumoniae, shv β-lactamases currently encompass a large number of allelic vari ... | 2016 | 27656166 |
| prevalence and risk factors of gram-negative bacilli causing blood stream infection in patients with malignancy. | to evaluate the epidemiology, risk factors, and antibiotic resistance of gram negative bacteria (gnb) in patients with hematologic or solid organ malignancies. | 2016 | 27570854 |
| fluoroquinolone-resistant and extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing escherichia coli infections in patients with pyelonephritis, united states(1). | for 2013-2014, we prospectively identified us adults with flank pain, temperature >38.0°c, and a diagnosis of acute pyelonephritis, confirmed by culture. cultures from 453 (86.9%) of 521 patients grew escherichia coli. among e. coli isolates from 272 patients with uncomplicated pyelonephritis and 181 with complicated pyelonephritis, prevalence of fluoroquinolone resistance across study sites was 6.3% (range by site 0.0%-23.1%) and 19.9% (0.0%-50.0%), respectively; prevalence of extended-spectrum ... | 2016 | 27532362 |
| colistin- and carbapenem-resistant escherichia coli harboring mcr-1 and blandm-5, causing a complicated urinary tract infection in a patient from the united states. | colistin is increasingly used as an antibiotic of last resort for the treatment of carbapenem-resistant gram-negative infections. the plasmid-borne colistin resistance gene mcr-1 was initially identified in animal and clinical samples from china and subsequently reported worldwide, including in the united states. of particular concern is the spread of mcr-1 into carbapenem-resistant bacteria, thereby creating strains that approach pan-resistance. while several reports of mcr-1 have involved carb ... | 2016 | 27578755 |
| structures of the activator of k. pneumonia biofilm formation, mrkh, indicates pilz domains involved in c-di-gmp and dna binding. | the pathogenesis of klebsiella pneumonia is linked to the bacteria's ability to form biofilms. mannose-resistant klebsiella-like (mrk) hemagglutinins are critical for k pneumonia biofilm development, and the expression of the genes encoding these proteins is activated by a 3',5'-cyclic diguanylic acid (c-di-gmp)-regulated transcription factor, mrkh. to gain insight into mrkh function, we performed structural and biochemical analyses. data revealed mrkh to be a monomer with a two-domain architect ... | 2016 | 27551088 |
| detection of a yersinia pestis gene homologue in rodent samples. | a homologue to a widely used genetic marker, pla, for yersinia pestis has been identified in tissue samples of two species of rat (rattus rattus and rattus norvegicus) and of mice (mus musculus and apodemus sylvaticus) using a microarray based platform to screen for zoonotic pathogens of interest. samples were from urban locations in the uk (liverpool) and canada (vancouver). the results indicate the presence of an unknown bacterium that shares a homologue for the pla gene of yersinia pestis, so ... | 2016 | 27602258 |
| systematic review: adverse events of fecal microbiota transplantation. | fecal microbiota transplantation (fmt) is a microbiota-based therapy that shows therapeutic potential in recurrent or refractory clostridium difficile infections and other intestinal or extra-intestinal disorders. nonetheless, adverse events (aes) remain a major challenge in the application of fmt. | 2016 | 27529553 |
| assessment of the effectiveness of three different cephalosporins/clavulanate combinations for the phenotypic confirmation of extended spectrum beta lactamases producer bacterial isolates from urine samples at national public health laboratory, kathmandu, nepal. | the extended-spectrum β-lactamase (esbl) producing bacteria are present as the serious public health problems due to their resistance to large number of antibiotics. the main aims of this study were to determine the prevalence and antibiotic resistance patterns of bacteria producing extended-spectrum β-lactamases (esbls) and to find the suitable cephalosporin/clavulanate combination for phenotypic confirmation of esbl production. | 2016 | 27488224 |
| effect of 4 % chlorhexidine on cord colonization among hospital and community births in india: a randomized controlled study. | infections are the single most important cause of neonatal mortality in developing countries. results from trials in asia evaluating the effect of chlorhexidine on neonatal mortality have been encouraging but limited data are available on the impact of cord cleansing on bacterial colonization. further, no data from facility deliveries and impact with time is available. this pilot study was aimed to evaluate the impact of 4 % commercially prepared chlorhexidine on cord colonization and density of ... | 2016 | 27484013 |
| antibiotic treatment and resistance in chronic wounds of vascular origin. | the problem of antibiotic resistance is worldwide and affects many types of pathogens. this phenomenon has been growing for decades and nowadays we are faced with a wide range of worrisome pathogens that are becoming resistant and many pathogens that may soon be untreatable. the aim of this study was to determine the resistance and antibiotic treatment in chronic wounds of vascular origin. | 2016 | 27547055 |
| isolation and characterization of escherichia coli sequence type 131 and other antimicrobial-resistant gram-negative bacilli from clinical stool samples from veterans. | emerging multidrug-resistant (mdr) gram-negative bacilli (gnb), including escherichia coli sequence type 131 (st131) and its resistance-associated h30 subclone, constitute an ever-growing public health threat. their reservoirs and transmission pathways are incompletely defined. to assess diarrheal stools as a potential reservoir for st131-h30 and other mdr gnb, we cultured 100 clinical stool samples from a veterans affairs medical center clinical laboratory (october to december 2011) for fluoroq ... | 2016 | 27185805 |
| global dissemination of blakpc into bacterial species beyond klebsiella pneumoniae and in vitro susceptibility to ceftazidime-avibactam and aztreonam-avibactam. | the klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (kpc), first described in the united states in 1996, is now a widespread global problem in several gram-negative species. a worldwide surveillance study collected gram-negative pathogens from 202 global sites in 40 countries during 2012 to 2014 and determined susceptibility to β-lactams and other class agents by broth microdilution testing. molecular mechanisms of β-lactam resistance among carbapenem-nonsusceptible enterobacteriaceae and pseudomonas aerugi ... | 2016 | 27161636 |
| high-density lipoprotein binds to mycobacterium avium and affects the infection of thp-1 macrophages. | high-density lipoprotein (hdl) is involved in innate immunity toward various infectious diseases. concerning bacteria, hdl is known to bind to lipopolysaccharide (lps) and to neutralize its physiological activity. on the other hand, cholesterol is known to play an important role in mycobacterial entry into host cells and in survival in the intracellular environment. however, the pathogenicity of mycobacterium avium (m. avium) infection, which tends to increase worldwide, remains poorly studied. ... | 2016 | 27516907 |
| determinants of deescalation failure in critically ill patients with sepsis: a prospective cohort study. | introduction. deescalation refers to either discontinuation or a step-down of antimicrobials. despite strong recommendations in the surviving sepsis guidelines (2012) to deescalate, actual practices can vary. our objective was to identify variables that are associated with deescalation failure. methods. in this prospective study of patients with sepsis/septic shock, patients were categorized into 4 groups based on antibiotic administration: no change in antibiotics, deescalation, escalation (whe ... | 2016 | 27493799 |
| the target spectrum of sdsr small rna in salmonella. | model enteric bacteria such as escherichia coli and salmonella enterica express hundreds of small non-coding rnas (srnas), targets for most of which are yet unknown. some srnas are remarkably well conserved, indicating that they serve cellular functions that go beyond the necessities of a single species. one of these 'core srnas' of largely unknown function is the abundant ∼100-nucleotide sdsr srna which is transcribed by the general stress σ-factor, σ(s) and accumulates in stationary phase. in ... | 2016 | 27407104 |
| comparative study of cronobacter identification according to phenotyping methods. | microbiological criteria applied to powdered infant formula (pif) require the absence of all cronobacter spp. consequently, misidentification of isolates from finished products can lead to significant financial losses for manufacturers and could increase the risk of neonatal infection. biochemical identification of suspect isolates using commercially available test panels is recommended for use by pif manufacturers by both the us fda and iso standard methods for cronobacter species; however, phe ... | 2016 | 27401027 |
| high prevalence of extended-spectrum ß-lactamase producing enterobacteriaceae among clinical isolates in burkina faso. | nothing is known about the epidemiology and resistance mechanisms of extended-spectrum ß-lactamase-producing enterobacteriaceae (esbl-pe) in burkina faso. the objective of this study was to determine esbl-pe prevalence and to characterize esbl genes in burkina faso. | 2016 | 27400864 |
| senca: a multilayered codon model to study the origins and dynamics of codon usage. | gene sequences are the target of evolution operating at different levels, including the nucleotide, codon, and amino acid levels. disentangling the impact of those different levels on gene sequences requires developing a probabilistic model with three layers. here we present senca (site evolution of nucleotides, codons, and amino acids), a codon substitution model that separately describes 1) nucleotide processes which apply on all sites of a sequence such as the mutational bias, 2) preferences ... | 2016 | 27401173 |
| development of a phage cocktail to control proteus mirabilis catheter-associated urinary tract infections. | proteus mirabilis is an enterobacterium that causes catheter-associated urinary tract infections (cautis) due to its ability to colonize and form crystalline biofilms on the catheters surface. cautis are very difficult to treat, since biofilm structures are highly tolerant to antibiotics. phages have been used widely to control a diversity of bacterial species, however, a limited number of phages for p. mirabilis have been isolated and studied. here we report the isolation of two novel virulent ... | 2016 | 27446059 |
| temporal trends and risks factors for antimicrobial resistant enterobacteriaceae urinary isolates from outpatients in guadeloupe. | urinary tract infections are bacterial infections most commonly encountered in the community. the resistance rate of uropathogens to commonly prescribed antibiotics has increased worldwide but there are no published data concerning the resistance of strains isolated from community-acquired uti in guadeloupe. to assess the susceptibility patterns of enterobacteriaceae strains isolated from outpatients in guadeloupe we conducted a prospective study from december 2012 to may 2014 among outpatients ... | 2016 | 27342199 |
| antimicrobial activities of ceftazidime-avibactam and comparator agents against gram-negative organisms isolated from patients with urinary tract infections in u.s. medical centers, 2012 to 2014. | a total of 7,272 unique patient clinical isolates were collected from 71 u.s. medical centers from patients with urinary tract infections in 2012 to 2014 and tested for susceptibility to ceftazidime-avibactam and comparators by broth microdilution methods. ceftazidime-avibactam inhibited >99.9% of all enterobacteriaceae at the susceptible breakpoint of ≤8 μg/ml (there were only three nonsusceptible strains). ceftazidime-avibactam was also active against pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates (mic50, 2 ... | 2016 | 27114273 |
| early-onset pneumonia in non-traumatic out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients with special focus on prehospital airway management. | background more than half of all non-traumatic out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (ohca) patients die in the hospital. early-onset pneumonia (eop) has been described as one of the most common complications after successful cardiopulmonary resuscitation. however, the expanded use of alternative airway devices (aad) might influence the incidence of eop following ohca. material and methods we analyzed data from all ohca patients admitted to our hospital between 1 january 2008 and 31 december 2014. eop ... | 2016 | 27295123 |
| clinical impact of maldi-tof ms identification and rapid susceptibility testing on adequate antimicrobial treatment in sepsis with positive blood cultures. | shortening the turn-around time (tat) of positive blood culture (bc) identification (id) and susceptibility results is essential to optimize antimicrobial treatment in patients with sepsis. we aimed to evaluate the impact on antimicrobial prescription of a modified workflow of positive bcs providing id and partial susceptibility results for enterobacteriaceae (eb), pseudomonas aeruginosa and staphylococcus aureus on the day of bc positivity detection. this study was divided into a pre-interventi ... | 2016 | 27228001 |
| occurrence of potential bacterial pathogens and their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns isolated from herbal medicinal products sold in different markets of gondar town, northwest ethiopia. | background. the world health organization estimates that about 80% of the world's population uses herbal medicine to treat various illnesses as means of primary healthcare. however, during preparation, herbal plants may be exposed to contamination by potential pathogens, and this may lead to infections. the aim of this study was to determine bacterial contamination of herbal medicinal products and to assess the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of the isolated bacteria. methods. a cross-sectiona ... | 2016 | 27299154 |
| vector potential of blattella germanica (l.) (dictyoptera: blattidae) for medically important bacteria at food handling establishments in jimma town, southwest ethiopia. | cockroaches have been regarded as possible vectors of human enteropathogens. their presence and crawl particularly in food handling establishments could be risky for human health. therefore, this study was done to determine the vector potential of cockroach for medically important bacterial pathogens in restaurants and cafeterias. a cross-sectional study was conducted on cockroaches from restaurants and cafeterias in jimma town from may to september 2014. standard taxonomic keys and microbiologi ... | 2016 | 27294115 |
| evaluation of the check-points check mdr ct103 and ct103 xl microarray kits by use of preparatory rapid cell lysis. | using a rapid bacterial lysis method, the check mdr ct103 and ct103 xl microarrays demonstrated accuracies of 98.1% and 94.2%, respectively, for detection of known resistance genes in 108 multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacilli. in 45 isolates, 49 previously unrecognized extended-spectrum β-lactamase or plasmid ampc targets were detected and confirmed by conventional pcr. | 2016 | 26888905 |
| matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry accelerates pathogen identification and may confer benefit in the outcome of peritoneal dialysis-related peritonitis. | matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms) and conventional standard methods were compared for time to pathogen identification and impact on clinical outcomes in peritoneal dialysis-related peritonitis patients. the maldi-tof ms method identified the causative microorganisms earlier (average time saved, 64 h for all pathogens), and patients had a shorter hospital stay (mean ± standard deviation, 5.2 ± 4.8 days versus 8.2 ± 4.5 days, p = 0.001). | 2016 | 26912750 |
| in vitro susceptibility to ceftazidime-avibactam of carbapenem-nonsusceptible enterobacteriaceae isolates collected during the inform global surveillance study (2012 to 2014). | the activity of ceftazidime-avibactam was assessed against 961 isolates of meropenem-nonsusceptible enterobacteriaceae most meropenem-nonsusceptible metallo-β-lactamase (mbl)-negative isolates (97.7%) were susceptible to ceftazidime-avibactam. isolates that carried kpc or oxa-48-like β-lactamases, both alone and in combination with extended-spectrum β-lactamases (esbls) and/or ampc β-lactamases, were 98.7% and 98.5% susceptible to ceftazidime-avibactam, respectively. meropenem-nonsusceptible, ca ... | 2016 | 26926648 |
| global rna recognition patterns of post-transcriptional regulators hfq and csra revealed by uv crosslinking in vivo. | the molecular roles of many rna-binding proteins in bacterial post-transcriptional gene regulation are not well understood. approaches combining in vivo uv crosslinking with rna deep sequencing (clip-seq) have begun to revolutionize the transcriptome-wide mapping of eukaryotic rna-binding protein target sites. we have applied clip-seq to chart the target landscape of two major bacterial post-transcriptional regulators, hfq and csra, in the model pathogen salmonella typhimurium. by detecting bind ... | 2016 | 27044921 |
| antimicrobial activities of ceftaroline and comparator agents against bacterial organisms causing bacteremia in patients with skin and skin structure infections in u.s. medical centers, 2008 to 2014. | we evaluated the antimicrobial susceptibility of 1,454 organisms consecutively collected from patients with bacteremia associated with skin and skin structure infections. the most common organisms obtained werestaphylococcus aureus(670 organisms [46.1%]),escherichia coli(200 organisms [13.8%]), β-hemolytic streptococci (βhs) (138 organisms [9.5%]), andklebsiella pneumoniae(109 organisms [7.5%]). the susceptibility rates for ceftaroline were 97.9% fors. aureus(95.9% among methicillin-resistants. ... | 2016 | 26856825 |
| insights into newer antimicrobial agents against gram-negative bacteria. | currently, drug resistance, especially against cephalosporins and carbapenems, among gram-negative bacteria is an important challenge, which is further enhanced by the limited availability of drugs against these bugs. there are certain antibiotics (colistin, fosfomycin, temocillin, and rifampicin) that have been revived from the past to tackle the menace of superbugs, including members of enterobacteriaceae, acinetobacter species, and pseudomonas species. very few newer antibiotics have been add ... | 2016 | 27013887 |
| post-stroke bacteriuria among stroke patients attending a physiotherapy clinic in ghana: a cross-sectional study. | infections are known to be a major complication of stroke patients. in this study, we evaluated the risk of community-acquired bacteriuria among stroke patients, the associated factors, and the causative organisms. | 2016 | 27051289 |
| evaluation of the septifast mgrade test on standard care wards--a cohort study. | the immediate need for appropriate antimicrobial therapy in septic patients requires the detection of the causative pathogen in a timely and reliable manner. in this study, the real-time pcr septifast mgrade test was evaluated in adult patients meeting the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (sirs) criteria that were treated at standard care wards. | 2016 | 26986826 |
| genomic insights into a new citrobacter koseri strain revealed gene exchanges with the virulence-associated yersinia pestis ppcp1 plasmid. | the history of infectious diseases raised the plague as one of the most devastating for human beings. far too often considered an ancient disease, the frequent resurgence of the plague has led to consider it as a reemerging disease in madagascar, algeria, libya, and congo. the genetic factors associated with the pathogenicity of yersinia pestis, the causative agent of the plague, involve the acquisition of the ppcp1 plasmid that promotes host invasion through the expression of the virulence fact ... | 2016 | 27014253 |
| β-lactamase characterization of gram-negative pathogens recovered from patients enrolled in the phase 2 trials for ceftazidime-avibactam: clinical efficacies analyzed against subsets of molecularly characterized isolates. | the correlation of the clinical efficacies of ceftazidime-avibactam and comparators (carbapenems) was evaluated against baseline gram-negative isolates having characterized β-lactam resistance mechanisms from complicated urinary tract infection (cuti) and complicated intra-abdominal infection (ciai) phase 2 trials. enterobacteriaceae displaying ceftriaxone and/or ceftazidime mics of ≥ 2 μg/ml (69 isolates) and nonfermentative gram-negative bacilli (nf-gnb [three isolates]) with ceftazidime mics ... | 2016 | 26666936 |
| correlation of β-lactamase production and colistin resistance among enterobacteriaceae isolates from a global surveillance program. | the increasing use of carbapenems for treating multidrug-resistant (mdr) gram-negative bacterial infections has contributed to the global dissemination of carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae (cre). serine and metallo-β-lactamases (mbls) that hydrolyze carbapenems have become prevalent and endemic in some countries, necessitating the use of older classes of agents, such as colistin. a total of 19,719 isolates of enterobacteriaceae (excluding proteeae and serratia spp., which have innate resis ... | 2016 | 26666920 |
| preclinical assessment of a fully automated multiplex pcr panel for detection of central nervous system pathogens. | we evaluated a multiplexed pcr panel for the detection of 16 bacterial, viral, and fungal pathogens in cerebrospinal fluid. panel results were compared to routine testing, and discrepancies were resolved by additional nucleic acid amplification tests or sequencing. overall, the positive and negative agreements across methods were 92.9% and 91.9%, respectively. | 2016 | 26719436 |
| development of a flow cytometry-based method for rapid detection of escherichia coli and shigella spp. using an oligonucleotide probe. | standard methods to detect escherichia coli contamination in food use the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and agar culture plates. these methods require multiple incubation steps and take a long time to results. an improved rapid flow-cytometry based detection method was developed, using a fluorescence-labeled oligonucleotide probe specifically binding a16s rrna sequence. the method positively detected 51 e. coli isolates as well as 4 shigella species. all 27 non-e. coli strains tested gave nega ... | 2016 | 26913737 |
| microbiology of primary acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction: simple epiphora, acute dacryocystitis, and chronic dacryocystitis. | the aim of this study was to determine the microbiology of primary acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction (pando) and its antimicrobial susceptibilities. | 2016 | 26955261 |
| the basics of bacteriuria: strategies of microbes for persistence in urine. | bacteriuria, the presence of bacteria in urine, is associated with asymptomatic, as well as symptomatic, urinary tract infection (uti). bacteriuria underpins some of the dynamics of microbial colonization of the urinary tract, and probably impacts the progression and persistence of infection in some individuals. recent molecular discoveries in vitro have elucidated how some key bacterial traits can enable organisms to survive and grow in human urine as a means of microbial fitness adaptation for ... | 2016 | 26904513 |
| evaluation of an image analysis device (apas) for screening urine cultures. | while advancements have been made in some areas of pathology with diagnostic materials being screened using image analysis technologies, the reporting of cultures from agar plates remains a manual process. we compared the results for 2,163 urine cultures read by a reference panel of microbiologists, by the routine laboratory process, and by an automated plate reading system, apas (lbt innovations ltd., south australia). apas detected colonies with a sensitivity of 99.1% and a specificity of 99.3 ... | 2016 | 26582838 |
| detection of carbapenemase production in a collection of enterobacteriaceae with characterized resistance mechanisms from clinical and environmental origins by use of both carba np and blue-carba tests. | rapid-screening methods to confirm the presence of resistance mechanisms in multidrug-resistant bacteria are currently recommended. carba np and blue-carba tests were evaluated in carbapenemase-producing enterobacteriaceae from hospital (n = 102) and environmental (n = 57) origins for detecting the different molecular classes among them. both methods showed to be fast and cost-effective, with high sensitivity (98% to 100%) and specificity (100%), and may be easily introduced in the routine labor ... | 2016 | 26607979 |
| cutaneous complications of molecular targeted therapy used in oncology. | the new molecular targeted therapy has been developed over the past decades by using the molecular targeted molecular changes discovered in specific types of cancer. unfortunately, most of these agents (epidermal growth factor receptors, multi-targeted small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors, monoclonal antibodies) have severe cutaneous adverse reactions, that not only interfere with the patient's quality of life, but also are dose-limiting and may require treatment interruptions. these cutane ... | 2016 | 27974909 |
| linking biosynthetic gene clusters to their metabolites via pathway- targeted molecular networking. | the connection of microbial biosynthetic gene clusters to the small molecule metabolites they encode is central to the discovery and characterization of new metabolic pathways with ecological and pharmacological potential. with increasing microbial genome sequence information being deposited into publicly available databases, it is clear that microbes have the coding capacity for many more biologically active small molecules than previously realized. of increasing interest are the small molecule ... | 2016 | 26456470 |
| phenotypic detection and molecular characterization of beta-lactamase genes among citrobacter species in a tertiary care hospital. | to examine the distribution, emergence, and spread of genes encoding beta-lactamase resistance in citrobacter species isolated from hospitalized patients in a tertiary care hospital. | 2016 | 26952135 |
| whole genome sequencing reveals high-resolution epidemiological links between clinical and environmental klebsiella pneumoniae. | klebsiella pneumoniae is a gram-negative bacterial species capable of occupying a broad range of environmental and clinical habitats. known as an opportunistic pathogen, it has recently become a major causative agent of clinical infections worldwide. despite growing knowledge about the highly diverse population of k. pneumoniae, the evolution and clinical significance of environmental k. pneumoniae, as well as the relationship between clinical and environmental k. pneumoniae, are poorly defined. | 2017 | 28118859 |
| urinary tract infection caused by citrobacter koseri in a patient with spina bifida, an ileal conduit and renal caluli progressing to peri-nephric abscess and empyema. | urological problems are common in spina bifida and are often treated with urinary diversions. spina bifida and ileal conduits put patients at increased risk for ascending urinary tract infections. here we present a novel case of a citrobacter koseri urinary tract infection complicated by a perinephric abscess with pleural extension. to our knowledge, no case of an ascending c. koseri uti progressing to peri-nephric abscess and empyema by direct extension exists in the literature. | 2017 | 28083480 |
| prevalence and antimicrobial resistance pattern of bacterial strains isolated from patients with urinary tract infection in messalata central hospital, libya. | to investigate the prevalence of urinary tract infection among patients at messalata central hospital, libya, to identify the causative bacteria, and to explore their resistance pattern to antimicrobials. | 2016 | 27569886 |
| domiciliary cockroaches found in restaurants in five zones of kuala lumpur federal territory, peninsular malaysia. | the following domiciliary cockroaches were collected from restaurants in five zones of kuala lumpur federal territory, malaysia using 1l glass beaker traps baited with ground mouse-pellets: periplaneta americana (linnaeus) (n = 820), periplaneta brunnea burmeister (n = 46), blattella germanica (linnaeus) (n = 12504), supella longipalpa (fabricius) (n = 321), symploce pallens stephens (n = 29) and neostylopyga rhombifolia (stoll) (n = 5). the following bacteria were isolated from 10 cockroach spe ... | 2012 | 22543619 |
| [prevalence of sensitization to fungi in patients with respiratory allergy]. | as part of the etiology of respiratory allergy we have genetics, prenatal factors and sensitivity to various airborne allergens, between these fungi are found. relationship has been found between sensitization to fungal in skin tests and allergy pathogenesis and aggravation. there is a few literature in mexico and in the north of the country it is lacking regarding this problem. | 2016 | 27174757 |
| [prevalence of sensitization to allergens in school children with asthma residents from guadalajara metropolitan area]. | allergic sensitization is dependent on the geographical and climatic conditions in each region; therefore, identify agents most commonly sensitized children with asthma is important for planning prevention measures. | 2016 | 27174756 |
| [identification of microorganisms related to chronic rhinosinusitis in adult patients with variable common immunodeficiency]. | the prevalence of chronic rhinosinusitis in adult patients with common variable immunodeficiency (cvid) is 52%. the patients with cvid show higher incidence of chronic rhinosinusitis, which is an inflammatory disease that affects the lining of one or more paranasal sinuses and nasal cavity. | 2016 | 26943827 |
| identification of enterobacteriaceae by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry using the vitek ms system. | this multicenter study evaluated the accuracy of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (maldi-tof) mass spectrometry identifications from the vitek ms system (biomérieux, marcy l'etoile, france) for enterobacteriaceae typically encountered in the clinical laboratory. enterobacteriaceae isolates (n = 965) representing 17 genera and 40 species were analyzed on the vitek ms system (database v2.0), in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. colony growth (≤72 h) was app ... | 2013 | 23818163 |
| multiwavelength resonance raman characterization of the effect of growth phase and culture medium on bacteria. | we examine the use of multiwavelength ultraviolet (uv) resonance-raman signatures to identify the effects of growth phase and growth medium on gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. escherichia coli (e. coli), citrobacter koseri (c. koseri), citrobacter braakii (c. braakii), and bacillus cereus (b. cereus) were grown to logarithmic and stationary phases in nutrient broth and brain heart infusion broth. resonance raman spectra of bacteria were obtained at multiple wavelengths between 220 and 2 ... | 2015 | 26163518 |
| intraoperative vancomycin use in spinal surgery: single institution experience and microbial trends. | retrospective case series. | 2014 | 24480966 |
| interferon-inducible guanylate-binding proteins at the interface of cell-autonomous immunity and inflammasome activation. | guanylate-binding proteins (gbps) are essential components of cell-autonomous immunity. in response to ifn signaling, gbps are expressed in the cytoplasm of immune and nonimmune cells, where they unleash their antimicrobial activity toward intracellular bacteria, viruses, and parasites. recent studies have revealed that gbps are essential for mediating activation of the caspase-1 inflammasome in response to the gram-negative bacteria salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium, francisella novicida, ... | 2017 | 27418355 |
| bacteremia due to citrobacter braakii: a case report and literature review. | among the citrobacter genus, the most commonly isolated bacteria from human specimens are citrobacter freundii and citrobacter koseri, and previous cases of infection due to citrobacter braakii have been rarely reported. we present a case of bacteremia due to c. braakii in a 38-year-old woman with cervical cancer. she was admitted to our hospital with complaints of a fever, chills, and nausea. blood culture results showed gram-negative bacilli identified as c. braakii via matrix-assisted laser d ... | 2016 | 27553069 |
| characterization and genome sequencing of a citrobacter freundii phage cfp1 harboring a lysin active against multidrug-resistant isolates. | citrobacter spp., although frequently ignored, is emerging as an important nosocomial bacterium able to cause various superficial and systemic life-threatening infections. considered to be hard-to-treat bacterium due to its pattern of high antibiotic resistance, it is important to develop effective measures for early and efficient therapy. in this study, the first myovirus (vb_cfrm_cfp1) lytic for citrobacter freundii was microbiologically and genomically characterized. its morphology, activity ... | 2016 | 27683211 |