| antimicrobial activity of dv-7751a, a new fluoroquinolone. | we compared the in vitro antibacterial activity of dv-7751a against gram-positive and -negative bacteria with those of quinolones currently available. mics for 90% of the strains tested (mic90s) against clinical isolates of methicillin-susceptible and -resistant staphylococcus aureus and staphylococcus epidermidis were 0.20, 0.39, 0.20, and 0.78 micrograms/ml, respectively. moreover, mic50s for dv-7751a against ofloxacin-resistant methicillin-resistant s. aureus were 4-, 8-, 16-, 32-, and 64-fol ... | 1993 | 8257132 |
| significance, isolation, identification and sensitivity of branhaemella (moraxella) catarrhalis. | in a study lasting over two years the frequency and sensitivity of moraxella catarrhalis causing respiratory tract infections were studied. sputum samples from patients with lower respiratory tract infections were screened for moraxella catarrhalis. the organisms isolated identified and their sensitivity determined by simple methods which are practicable. the study shows that 22.4% of the infections were due to moraxella catarrhalis and 98% of the isolates were sensitive to amoxicillin-culvanali ... | 1993 | 8264093 |
| branhamella catarrhalis pathogenesis in scid and scid/beige mice. brief report. | scid and scid/beige mice were used to study the pathogenesis of b. catarrhalis administered by intranasal, intraperitoneal or intravenous routes. challenged adult animals did not appear overtly clinically ill. similar symptoms were observed regardless of the challenge route, and pretreatment of mice with human transferrin did not enhance clinical virulence. susceptibility to b. catarrhalis appeared to be age-dependent as some mice under one week of age died following challenge. postmortem findin ... | 1993 | 8267959 |
| double-blind, comparative study of rufloxacin once daily versus amoxicillin three times a day in treatment of outpatients with exacerbations of chronic bronchitis. | in a double-blind, randomized, multicenter study, the efficacy and safety of two dosage schedules of rufloxacin once daily were compared with those of amoxicillin three times a day in the treatment of 192 outpatients with exacerbations of chronic bronchitis. rufloxacin was given as a single oral dose of 400 mg on day 1 and single daily doses of 200 mg on the subsequent 9 days (n = 64) or as 300 mg on day 1 and then 150 mg daily for 9 days (n = 63); amoxicillin was given as 500 mg orally three ti ... | 1993 | 8285609 |
| in vitro activity of bay y 3118, a new quinolone. | mics of bay y 3118, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, clarithromycin, azithromycin, cefuroxime, amoxicillin-clavulanate, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for 878 recent clinical isolates were determined by broth microdilution methods. among the three quinolones, bay y 3118 was the most active against haemophilus influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis, acinetobacter baumannii, xanthomonas maltophilia, gram-positive cocci, and anaerobes; mics for 50% of the strains (mic50s) and mic90s were < or = 0.015 and < ... | 1993 | 8285618 |
| the role of ph in modified elisa procedures used for the estimation of functional antibody affinity. | solid phase assays for the measurement of functional antibody affinity are increasingly being used in both clinical and research settings. the majority of such assays employ a chemical reagent to disturb antibody binding but relatively little is known about the properties of such reagents and the basis of their effect on antigen-antibody binding. we have evaluated the diethylamine (dea) elisa procedure for the measurement of functional antibody affinity in two independent assays, one for functio ... | 1993 | 8288881 |
| clarithromycin: where do we go from here? | clarithromycin is a new macrolide with a broad spectrum of activity against gram-positive cocci, haemophilus influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis, mycoplasma, chlamydia and selected mycobacteria, legionella and protozoa. the drug has a half-life of more than 4 hours and thus can be administered in a twice daily schedule. clarithromycin is well-tolerated in children and adults and produces fewer gastrointestinal side effects than erythromycin. high concentrations of the drug are achieved in plasma a ... | 1993 | 8295817 |
| differences in complement activation between complement-resistant and complement-sensitive moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis strains occur at the level of membrane attack complex formation. | the mechanism of resistance to human complement-mediated killing in moraxella catarrhalis was studied by comparing different complement-sensitive and complement-resistant m. catarrhalis strains in a functional bystander hemolysis assay and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for soluble terminal complement complexes. complement-resistant stains appeared to activate complement to the same extent as, or even slightly better than, complement-sensitive strains. this indicates that complemen ... | 1994 | 8300216 |
| not branhamella catarrhalis: misidentification of oxidase-positive, gram-negative cocci isolated from the genital tract. | | 1993 | 8308330 |
| penicillin failure and copathogenicity in streptococcal pharyngotonsillitis. | recurrent group a beta-hemolytic streptococcus (gabhs) pharyngotonsillitis related to penicillin failure presents a serious clinical problem. failure to eradicate streptococci from patients can occasionally lead to rheumatic fever and rarely to glomerulonephritis. beta-lactamase-producing strains of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria in inflamed tonsils have been associated with increased failure rates of penicillins in the eradication of these infections. these organisms include staphylococcus aure ... | 1994 | 8308510 |
| [pharmacokinetic, bacteriological and clinical studies on s-1108 in children]. | pharmacokinetic, bacteriological and clinical studies on s-1108 were performed in children. the results were as follows: 1. a total of 11 patients were treated with s-1108. each dose was 3 mg/kg, orally administered 3 times daily for 4-14 days. the clinical efficacies of s-1108 in 10 patients with bacterial infections (1 with bacteremia, 4 with pneumonia, 1 with acute maxillary sinusitis, 1 with scarlet fever and 2 with streptococcal pharyngitis) were evaluated as excellent in 8 patients and as ... | 1993 | 8309071 |
| [laboratory and clinical studies on s-1108 in the pediatric field]. | laboratory and clinical studies on s-1108, a new oral cephem antibiotic, were carried out to evaluate its usefulness at a dose between 2 and 4 mg/kg a day for 7 to 14 days in the pediatric field. 1) pharmacokinetic studies s-1108 at a dose of 2 mg/kg was administered to evaluate the pharmacokinetic parameters in 1 subject. cmax, t1/2 and auc were 0.69 hour, 1.42 hours and 2.15 micrograms.hr/ml, respectively. 2) antimicrobial activities mics against various clinically isolated organisms (staphylo ... | 1993 | 8309073 |
| [pharmacokinetic and clinical studies of s-1108 in the pediatric field]. | pharmacokinetic and clinical studies on s-1108, a new oral cephem antibiotic, were performed in the field pediatrics. the following results were obtained. 1) antibacterial activities antibacterial activities of s-1006, the active form of s-1108, were studied against clinically isolated strains of (staphylococcus aureus (n = 5), streptococcus pneumoniae (n = 6), streptococcus pyogenes (n = 3), haemophilus influenzae (n = 8), branhamella catarrhalis (n = 5) and haemophilus parainfluenzae (n = 2). ... | 1993 | 8309075 |
| efficacy of clarithromycin vs. amoxicillin/clavulanate in the treatment of acute maxillary sinusitis. | a new macrolide drug, clarithromycin (biaxin) was compared with amoxicillin/clavulanate (augmentin) in a single-blind (investigator-blind), randomized, multicenter study of 497 outpatients with acute maxillary sinusitis; treatment was 500 mg clarithromycin bid (n = 246) or 500 mg amoxicillin/clavulanate tid (n = 251). pathogens included streptococcus pneumoniae in 22% of patients, staphylococcus aureus in 16%, haemophilus influenzae in 10%, and moraxella catarrhalis in 7%. for evaluable patients ... | 1993 | 8313865 |
| [parenteral cephalosporins for the treatment of lower respiratory tract infections]. | in most cases of respiratory tract infection, antibiotic therapy has to be initiated before the results of microbiological examination are available. the four most common pathogens of acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis are pneumococci, haemophilus influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis and staphylococcus aureus. pneumococci are the predominant pathogens of community-acquired pneumonia, followed by h. influenzae and staphylococci. legionella, mycoplasma and chlamydia vary in frequency according ... | 1993 | 8314290 |
| [moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis. a common pathogenic agent]. | moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis, a commensal organism of the oropharyngeal flora, has been considered a potential pathogen since the early 1970s, mainly causing otitis in infants and exacerbations of chronic bronchitis in the elderly or in immunosuppressed adults. this view was initially based on the isolation of m. catarrhalis during infections: a density of at least 10(7)/ml of sputum, particularly when it exceeds that of other organisms by at least 100-fold, is considered to indicate the ... | 1993 | 8316533 |
| fever and neutropenia: bacterial etiology revealed by serological methods. | in a prospective study, 91 episodes of fever in neutropenic children with cancer were evaluated. fifteen episodes were septicemias, verified by a positive blood culture, 62 were fevers of unknown origin, 6 were focal infections and 8 were of other etiologies (i.e. drug fevers and viral infections). serum antibody responses to bacteria were measured in paired sera by an enzyme immunoassay method. bacterial infection was demonstrated serologically in 20% of documented septicemias, in 35% of fevers ... | 1993 | 8318802 |
| effect of immunization of pulmonary clearance of moraxella catarrhalis in an animal model. | a murine model for pulmonary clearance of moraxella catarrhalis was used to determine whether immunization could enhance clearance of this organism from the lungs. animals actively immunized with outer membrane vesicles of m. catarrhalis cleared an endobronchial challenge with the homologous strain more quickly than did sham-immunized control animals. western blot analysis of both this immune mouse serum and rabbit antiserum raised against outer membrane vesicles of m. catarrhalis indicated that ... | 1993 | 8335988 |
| [efficacy of fibronectin on opsonic activity by alveolar macrophage and experimental rat pneumonia]. | the opsonic activity of plasma fibronectin (fn) by rat alveolar macrophage (am) was examined, and the in vivo effect of fn in staphylococcus aureus (s. aureus) experimental rat pneumonia was evaluated. the chemiluminescence response of am was enhanced by the presence of fn (300 micrograms/ml) in s. aureus and streptococcus pneumoniae, but was not enhanced in gram-negative rods (haemophilus influenzae, branhamella catarrhalis, pseudomonas aeruginosa). fn (300 micrograms/ml) promoted the phagocyto ... | 1993 | 8336012 |
| polyphasic taxonomy leading to the proposal of moraxella canis sp. nov. for moraxella catarrhalis-like strains. | the taxonomic position of a group of 16 moraxella catarrhalis-like strains, isolated mainly from dogs, was examined by using morphological tests, biochemical tests, serology, ribotyping with oligonucleotide probes, polymerase chain reaction typing of the 16s rrna gene and the 16s-23s rrna gene spacer region, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of total proteins, fatty acid profiles, moles percent g+c, dot spot and in-solution dna-dna hybridizations, and dna-rrna hybridizations. it was found that ... | 1993 | 8347504 |
| evaluation of amoxicillin clavulanate twice daily versus thrice daily in the treatment of otitis media in children. danish-swedish study group. | a total of 311 children who had recurrent otitis media or who had experienced failure of initial treatment of acute otitis media with phenoxymethylpenicillin, amoxicillin, ampicillin esters or cefaclor were entered into a single-blind study in two parallel groups in order to compare the clinical efficacy and safety of amoxicillin/clavulanate suspension given b.i.d. or t.i.d. for seven days. the patients were examined prior to the start of treatment, at an early follow-up visit 9 to 12 days after ... | 1993 | 8354296 |
| in vitro antimicrobial activity of tioconazole and its concentrations in vaginal fluids following topical (vagistat-1 6.5%) application. | in vitro assays demonstrated that clinical yeasts were significantly more inhibited by tioconazole (mic50, < or = 0.5 microgram/ml) than by fluconazole (mic50, 8 micrograms/ml). tioconazole also exhibited high potency against most molds (alterneria spp. and acremonium spp.). all candida tropicalis isolates had mics of 8 micrograms/ml, four-fold greater than any other candida spp. generally gram-negative bacteria were less susceptible to tioconazole. moraxella catarrhalis (mic90, 2 micrograms/ml) ... | 1993 | 8359005 |
| in vitro susceptibility test practices with haemophilus influenzae among college of american pathologists survey participants in the united states. | questionnaire results from 5233 clinical microbiology laboratories participating in the college of american pathologists (cap) survey program in the united states were used to establish current standards of practice with respect to in vitro susceptibility testing of haemophilus influenzae. the results of this cap survey indicated that the recently developed national committee for clinical laboratory standards (nccls) guidelines for h. influenzae susceptibility tests have been widely adopted, par ... | 1993 | 8359008 |
| [antimicrobial activity of clarithromycin and its effect on bacterial adherence to medical material]. | antimicrobial activity of clarithromycin (cam) in comparison with other 6 macrolides was determined against 419 recent clinical isolates including streptococci, enterococci, staphylococci, moraxella, haemophilus and bacteroides strains. mics80's of cam against streptococcus pneumoniae, streptococcus pyogenes and streptococcus agalactiae were 0.78, 0.10 and 0.10 microgram/ml, respectively. mics80's against moraxella catarrhalis and haemophilus influenzae were 0.05 and 1.56 micrograms/ml, respecti ... | 1993 | 8360978 |
| erythromycin treatment is beneficial for longstanding moraxella catarrhalis associated cough in children. | the benefits of antibiotic treatment and a nasopharyngeal culture in children with longstanding cough were analysed in a prospective randomized open study. clinically suspected pertussis was excluded. of 40 children given erythromycin for 7 days, 35 (88%) recovered in one week, compared with 17/47 (36%) untreated (p < 0.0001). erythromycin eliminated moraxella catarrhalis from the nasopharynx in 21/31 children (68%), compared with spontaneous disappearance in 7/35 (20%) untreated controls (p < 0 ... | 1993 | 8362228 |
| susceptibility of respiratory tract pathogens in finland to cefixime and nine other antimicrobial agents. | the in vitro activity of cefixime and 9 other orally used antimicrobial agents against 545 selected clinical respiratory tract pathogens was tested using the plate-dilution method. of the strains tested, 144 were haemophilus influenzae strains, 151 group a streptococci, 105 pneumococci and 145 moraxella catarrhalis isolates. ciprofloxacin was the most active drug, with a minimal inhibitory concentration (mic) of < 0.06 mg/l for more than 87% of the isolates. with cefixime, a mic of 0.06 mg/l inh ... | 1993 | 8362234 |
| branhamella (moraxella) catarrhalis endophthalmitis. | | 1993 | 8363458 |
| the interaction of primate transferrins with receptors on bacteria pathogenic to humans. | the binding of primate transferrins by receptors in the human pathogens neisseria meningitidis, moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis, and haemophilus influenzae was assessed and compared with the binding of anti-human transferrin monoclonal antibodies by primate transferrins. in competitive binding assays the three pathogens showed identical specificity for primate transferrins. only human, gorilla, chimpanzee and orangutan sera were capable of blocking binding of labelled human transferrin. dire ... | 1993 | 8366816 |
| [bacteriological, pharmacokinetic and clinical studies of cefditoren pivoxil in the pediatric field]. | bacteriological, pharmacokinetic and clinical studies on cefditoren pivoxil (cdtr-pi, me 1207) in granules, a new oral cephalosporin, were performed in the field of pediatrics. the results are summarized below. 1. antibacterial activities: antibacterial activities of cdtr were studied against staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus pneumoniae, streptococcus pyogenes, haemophilus influenzae, haemophilus parainfluenzae and branhamella catarrhalis in comparison with those of cefteram (cftm), cefixime ... | 1993 | 8371496 |
| susceptibility survey of piperacillin alone and in the presence of tazobactam. | among 325 fresh isolates of bacteria from 153 hospital patients with serious infections, 142 were susceptible to piperacillin, 129 were resistant and a further 54 exhibited a marked inoculum effect. tazobactam restored the susceptibility of resistant isolates of staphylococcus aureus and staphylococcus epidermidis (except methicillin-resistant isolates), haemophilus influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis, acinetobacter spp. and bacteroides fragilis. among 87 enterobacteriaceae that were resistant to ... | 1993 | 8383653 |
| antimicrobial activity and spectrum of rifaximin, a new topical rifamycin derivative. | rifaximin, a rifamycin derivative, was evaluated in vitro to assess its spectrum and potency against a wide variety of bacteria, yeasts, viruses, and parasites. high concentrations of rifaximin were often used to reflect topically achieved levels since this compound is poorly absorbed by oral route. like rifampin, rifaximin possessed best activity against staphylococcus spp. (mic50 < or = 0.015 microgram/ml), streptococcus spp. (mic50s, < or = 0.03-0.12 microgram/ml), enterococcus spp. (mic50s, ... | 1993 | 8385592 |
| importance of beta-lactamase stability in treating today's respiratory tract infections. | in respiratory tract infections streptococcus pneumoniae, moraxella catarrhalis, haemophilus influenzae and klebsiella spp. are the most frequently encountered bacterial pathogens. resistance of clinical s. pneumoniae isolates is known to be independent of beta-lactamase production, whereas resistance of the other species mentioned is due to beta-lactamase production. with respect to m. catarrhalis the first beta-lactamase-producing (bla+) isolate was detected in clinical specimens in 1976 and n ... | 1993 | 8386847 |
| changes in adherence of respiratory pathogens to hep-2 cells induced by subinhibitory concentrations of sparfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, and trimethoprim. | preincubation with subinhibitory concentrations of sparfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, and trimethoprim decreased the adherence of the respiratory pathogens klebsiella pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, and moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis to human larynx carcinoma hep-2 cells. subinhibitory concentrations of sparfloxacin did not change the adherence of pseudomonas aeruginosa or streptococcus pneumoniae 15.62, but adhesion of s. pneumoniae 15.42 was significantly enhanced by subinhibitory antimicro ... | 1993 | 8388203 |
| in vitro activity of e-4868, a new trifluoroquinolone, compared to six similar compounds. | the compound e-4868 (laboratorios dr. esteve) is a trifluoro, 7-azetidinyl quinolone with properties resembling those of other fluoroquinolones. its activity in vitro was compared to that of six other similar drugs against more than 700 nosocomial isolates using standard methods. the mic50s of e-4868 for enteric bacilli ranged from 0.015 to 0.25 micrograms/ml, being highest for providencia spp. pseudomonas aeruginosa strains were two-fold more susceptible to e-4868 than to ofloxacin. mics of e-4 ... | 1993 | 8388792 |
| the in-vitro activity of opc-17116, a new 5-methyl substituted quinolone. | the in-vitro activity of the new 5-methylated fluoroquinolone opc-17116 was compared with that of other fluoroquinolines and beta-lactams against a total of 690 bacterial strains. with the exception of klebsiella and serratia spp., 90% of the enterobacteriaceae were inhibited by 0.25 mg/l. opc-17116 inhibited 90% of serratia spp. at 8 mg/l and klebsiella spp. at 4 mg/l. moraxella catarrhalis and haemophilus influenzae were highly susceptible (mic90 < or = 0.03 mg/l). pseudomonas aeruginosa were ... | 1993 | 8390433 |
| a single-blind comparison of three-day azithromycin and ten-day co-amoxiclav treatment of acute lower respiratory tract infections. | the efficacy and safety of a three-day regimen of azithromycin (500 mg od) and a ten-day regimen of co-amoxiclav (625 mg tid) were compared in a single-blind study in 99 patients with acute lower respiratory tract infections. of these, 70 (71%) suffered an infective exacerbation of their chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. nine patients had pneumonia and 19 purulent bronchitis. treatment success, defined as cure or improvement, occurred in 43 of 48 (90%) patients in the azithromycin group, co ... | 1993 | 8396086 |
| regions located in both the n-lobe and c-lobe of human lactoferrin participate in the binding interaction with bacterial lactoferrin receptors. | as a first step in localizing the regions of human lactoferrin involved in binding to bacterial lactoferrin receptors, n-lobe and c-lobe fragments were assessed for binding to receptors on neisseria meningitidis, neisseria gonorrhoeae and moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis. preparations of n-lobe and c-lobe were obtained by tryptic digestion of iron-loaded human lactoferrin followed by separation of the two lobes by gel exclusion chromatography in 10% acetic acid. solid phase binding studies de ... | 1993 | 8396192 |
| haemophilus test medium versus mueller-hinton broth with lysed horse blood for antimicrobial susceptibility testing of four bacterial species. | studies were undertaken to determine whether broth microdilution susceptibility tests could be standardized by using a single medium for testing fastidious respiratory pathogens. mueller-hinton broth with lysed horse blood and the broth version of haemophilus test medium (htm) were directly compared. ten orally administered agents were found to give essentially identical results in both media but minor differences were noted. because the test are easier to read when htm broth is used, that mediu ... | 1993 | 8404918 |
| pneumonia in the elderly. special considerations in a special population. | bacterial infections of the lower respiratory tract in the elderly may not be as atypical in presentation as traditional wisdom once held. recent studies indicate that more than one in three elderly patients have fever, cough, and leukocytosis; nevertheless, some elderly patients present with none of the features typically associated with pneumonia. an important and consistent clinical difference between younger and older patients is the broader range of bacterial respiratory pathogens found in ... | 1993 | 8415335 |
| microbiologic and clinical aspects of a trial of once daily cefixime compared with twice daily cefaclor for treatment of acute otitis media in infants and children. | in this randomized, investigator-blinded multicenter study, tympanocentesis for acute otitis media with effusion in 137 ears from 108 children, 6 months to 12 years of age, revealed 84 definite pathogens and 32 potential pathogens. twenty-nine aspirates from 23 subjects were sterile. of the 116 isolates 42 (36%) were streptococcus pneumoniae, 24 (21%) were haemophilus influenzae, 9 (8%) were moraxella catarrhalis, 9 (8%) were streptococcus pyogenes and 1 (1%) was staphylococcus aureus. twenty-tw ... | 1993 | 8417428 |
| review of cefixime in the treatment of otitis media in infants and children. | during the past decade there has been an increase in the percentage of resistant bacteria isolated from middle-ear effusions aspirated from infants and children who have had acute otitis media. at least nine oral antibiotics or combination agents are available for this indication. cefixime, a third generation cephalosporin, has excellent in vitro activity against both beta-lactamase-negative and beta-lactamase-positive haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis, good activity against strep ... | 1993 | 8417430 |
| acute conjunctivitis in childhood. | we obtained specimens for culture from the lids and conjunctivae of 95 patients with acute conjunctivitis and 91 control children of similar age and, in addition, stained the conjunctival scrapings with giemsa and gram stains. the conjunctivitis was attributed to bacterial infection in 76 patients, viral infection in 12 children, and allergy in 2 patients; no cause was identified in the remaining 5 patients. in most cases the etiologic diagnosis was based on the results of laboratory studies. by ... | 1993 | 8419593 |
| subperiosteal orbital abscess in children: diagnosis, microbiology, and management. | a chart review was undertaken of 30 patients who were presented to children's hospital of pittsburgh from 1983 to 1990 and underwent surgical management for suspected subperiosteal abscess of the orbit (spa). all patients had preoperative computerized tomography (ct) scans. twenty-seven of 30 ct scans were reevaluated, of which 20 (74%) demonstrated findings consistent with or suggestive of spa. opacified sinuses were seen in 100% of this study group. abscess collections were found in 21 patient ... | 1993 | 8421416 |
| outbreak of moraxella catarrhalis in a respiratory unit. | the clinical and epidemiological features of an outbreak of nosocomial moraxella catarrhalis infection in a respiratory unit are described. six isolates from five patients were shown to be indistinguishable by immunoblotting and restriction endonuclease analysis and different from 11 other, unrelated clinical strains. | 1993 | 8434362 |
| ro 23-9424, a new cephalosporin 3'-quinolone: in-vitro antimicrobial activity and tentative disc diffusion interpretive criteria. | the susceptibility of 410 clinical bacterial isolates to ro 23-9424, a novel cephalosporin 3'-quinolone, was determined. overall, 97% of enterobacteriaceae and 100% of staphylococci were inhibited by < or = 8.0 mg/l of ro 23-9424. only 60% of pseudomonas aeruginosa and 80-90% of pseudomonas spp. and xanthomonas maltophilia were inhibited by this concentration. enterococci and listeria monocytogenes were resistant to ro 23-9424. clinical isolates of moraxella catarrhalis, streptococcus spp., and ... | 1993 | 8444677 |
| efficacy of fleroxacin versus amoxicillin in acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis. | in a multicenter study the efficacy and safety of oral fleroxacin at 400 mg once a day and amoxicillin at 500 mg three times daily for 7 days were compared for the treatment of patients with acute bacterial exacerbations of chronic bronchitis due to drug-susceptible bacteria. a total of 194 patients were enrolled, 102 in the fleroxacin group and 92 in the amoxicillin group. of those enrolled, 22 in the fleroxacin group and 30 (29 for clinical efficacy) in the amoxicillin group were included in t ... | 1993 | 8452169 |
| treatment recommendations for respiratory tract infections associated with aging. | age-related changes, for example reduced elasticity and earlier airways collapse, predispose the elderly to respiratory infection. other factors such as a lifetime of smoking, the use of hypnotics, or the development of stroke also predispose. pneumonia becomes increasingly common with advancing age, and both morbidity and mortality increase with associated disease burden. diagnosis of pneumonia may be more difficult in the aged because of physiological changes. however, careful physical examina ... | 1993 | 8453184 |
| acute myeloid leukaemia presenting with acute branhamella catarrhalis epiglottitis. | acute supraglottic laryngitis and epiglottitis is increasingly recognised in adults. we present a case in which the condition was the presenting feature of acute myeloid leukaemia and in which branhamella catarrhalis was the causative organism. | 1993 | 8454895 |
| erythromycin in acute laryngitis in adults. | moraxella catarrhalis and hemophilus influenzae are isolated from the nasopharynx in 50% to 55% and 8% to 15%, respectively, of cases of acute laryngitis in adults. this finding indicates that these organisms, m catarrhalis in particular, are in some way involved in the pathogenesis of the disorder. in the present double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, the effect of erythromycin ethylsuccinate (0.5 g twice a day for 5 days) on the elimination of nasopharyngeal pathogens and reduction of clinica ... | 1993 | 8457123 |
| global surveillance of bacterial susceptibility to cefaclor: 1988-1990. | in vitro data on bacterial susceptibility to cefaclor were collected from clinical trials conducted in 15 european countries, south africa, canada, and the united states. among the respiratory pathogens, 94% of haemophilus influenzae, 98.6% of streptococcus pneumoniae, 98.8% of streptococcus pyogenes, and 98.1% of moraxella catarrhalis were susceptible to cefaclor. over 90% of the tested isolates of the most common urinary tract pathogen, escherichia coli, were susceptible to cefaclor. virtually ... | 1993 | 8458058 |
| characterization of bro enzymes and beta-lactamase transfer of moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis isolated in japan. | of the 68 strains of beta-lactamase-producing moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis isolated in japan that were studied, 62 (91%) produced the bro-1-type beta-lactamase and 6 (9%) produced the bro-2 type. there were no strains containing the bro-3-type beta-lactamase. we compared the susceptibility of bro-1- and bro-2-producing strains to various oral beta-lactam antibiotics. we found that the bro-1-producing strains were less susceptible than the bro-2-producing strains. although the bro-1 and br ... | 1993 | 8458251 |
| antibacterial activity of cefcanel. | the minimum inhibitory concentration of cefcanel, a new oral cephalosporin, has been determined for 182 clinical isolates, of which 84 were from the family enterobacteriaceae, 45 were from the genus streptococcus, 18 were nonfermentative rods, 25 were haemophilus influenzae and 10 were branhamella catarrhalis. in general, cefcanel was more active than the other cephalosporins against the species escherichia coli, klebsiella aerogenes and proteus mirabilis. among the genus streptococcus only the ... | 1993 | 8458252 |
| a membrane-bound precursor beta-lactamase in strains of moraxella catarrhalis and moraxella nonliquefaciens that produce periplasmic bro-1 and bro-2 beta-lactamases. | by employing the non-ionic detergent triton x-100, a membrane-bound beta-lactamase was extracted from strains of moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis and moraxella nonliquefaciens that produce bro-1 and bro-2 beta-lactamases. unlike bro-1 and bro-2, which exhibit multiple major bands on isoelectric focusing (ief), the membrane-bound enzyme focused as a single ief band at a pi of 6.20, which was not present with either of the other two enzymes. the membrane-bound beta-lactamase could be extracted ... | 1993 | 8463169 |
| the human i alpha 1 and i alpha 2 germline promoter elements: proximal positive and distal negative elements may regulate the tissue specific expression of c alpha 1 and c alpha 2 germline transcripts. | treatment of human splenic b lymphocytes with the mitogen branhamella catarrhalis (bc) and transforming growth factor-beta 1 (tgf-beta 1) induces expression of germline ig c alpha transcripts and class switching to this isotype. to further characterize the molecular mechanism by which tgf-beta 1 and mitogenic signals regulate the expression of unrearranged c alpha 1 and c alpha 2 genes, we have characterized the promoter elements that are responsible for the transcriptional activation of their c ... | 1993 | 8466864 |
| [branhamella catarrhalis. rediscovery of a pathogenic bacterium]. | | 1993 | 8469903 |
| secretory iga-, igg- and c3b-coated bacteria in the nasopharynx of otitis-prone and non-otitis-prone children. | the proportions of secretory iga (siga)-, igg- and c3b-coated bacteria obtained from a well-defined area on the posterior wall of the nasopharynx (nph) close to the eustachian tube were determined. samples taken from 25 otitis-prone (op) and 25 non-otitis-prone (nop) children with normal serum levels of iga and igg were evaluated using an immunofluorescence assay. both groups harboured significantly more nasopharyngeal bacteria coated with igg than with siga (p < 0.001). the op children had sign ... | 1993 | 8475735 |
| the microbiology of acute and chronic sinusitis and otitis media:a review. | there exists no real controversy about the role of aerobic bacteria in acute sinusitis and in acute otitis media. the "infernal trio" streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis are by far the most common pathogens in these acute infections. on the contrary, there is still much debate about the normal flora of the paranasal sinuses and the middle ear, although there are some reports of the presence of anaerobes and aerobes in the majority of the normal paranasal si ... | 1993 | 8476583 |
| in-vitro activity of dirithromycin in comparison with other new and established macrolides. | improvements with regard to the in-vitro activity of new macrolides are marginal and apply mainly to haemophilus spp., moraxella catarrhalis and neisseria gonorrhoeae (e.g. azithromycin is two to eight times more active than erythromycin) and to non-enterococcal streptococci (e.g. clarithromycin is two to four times more active than erythromycin). the increase in activity against staphylococci is even less striking, being restricted to a few species and limited to clarithromycin (twice as active ... | 1993 | 8478311 |
| relevance of antibiotic tissue penetration in treating respiratory tract infections. | the majority of bacterial respiratory tract infections are caused by streptococci, haemophilus spp. and moraxella catarrhalis. these pathogens are located extracellularly. in logical consequence, the bactericidal action of the antimicrobial is required in these loci. to define the reasonable dosing regimen for effective eradication without creating unnecessary toxic potential we need to know (1) the distribution principles and kinetics, and (2) the correct correlation between concentration profi ... | 1993 | 8480088 |
| [the tween-80 test in the identification of moraxella catarrhalis]. | | 1993 | 8481437 |
| peritonitis due to moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis in a diabetic patient receiving peritoneal dialysis. | | 1993 | 8488414 |
| antimicrobial activity and disk diffusion susceptibility testing of ro 40-6890, the active metabolite of the new cephalosporin ester, ro 41-3399. | ro 40-6890, the active metabolite of ro 41-3399, was tested against 391 gram-negative and gram-positive clinical isolates. ro 40-6890 was active against members of the family enterobacteriaceae, moraxella catarrhalis, pneumococci, other streptococcus spp., and methicillin-susceptible staphylococci. preliminary disk diffusion interpretive zone criteria were calculated for 5-, 10-, and 30-micrograms ro 40-6890 disks and several possible mic susceptibility breakpoints. we recommend the use of the 5 ... | 1993 | 8494387 |
| relatedness of three species of "false neisseriae," neisseria caviae, neisseria cuniculi, and neisseria ovis, by dna-dna hybridizations and fatty acid analysis. | dna-dna hybridization was used to determine the levels of genomic relatedness of the three species of "false neisseriae," neisseria caviae, neisseria cuniculi, and neisseria ovis. the reference strains of these species exhibited high levels of intraspecies relatedness (93 to 100% for n. caviae, 79 to 100% for n. cuniculi, and 68 to 100% for n. ovis) but low levels of interspecific relatedness (less than 34%) to each other and to various species belonging to the beta subclass of the proteobacteri ... | 1993 | 8494736 |
| [pseudogonococcal ophthalmia neonatorum induced by beta-lactamase positive branhamella catarrhalis. report of a case]. | | 1993 | 8503596 |
| serological cross-reactions between moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis and other oropharyngeal bacteria. | oropharyngeal bacteria belonging to different species were tested for serological cross-reactions with moraxella catarrhalis using sera from immunized rabbits. sera were tested using immunofluorescence, an enzyme immunoassay (eia) and immunoblotting. on immunofluorescence, significant cross-reactions were demonstrated with beta-hemolytic streptococci group a and group g, as well as with streptococci of the viridans group. some cross-reactions were also noted with neisseria meningitidis. in the e ... | 1993 | 8513818 |
| a multicenter comparative study of the in vitro activity of fleroxacin and other antimicrobial agents. | the in vitro activity of fleroxacin was determined by broth microdilution against 2,079 recent bacterial isolates and compared to the activities of ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, lomefloxacin, cefaclor, cefuroxime, cefixime, ceftriaxone, amoxicillin/clavulanate, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (tmp-smx), and, as appropriate, erythromycin and oxacillin. most enterobacteriaceae were inhibited by the quinolones at a concentration of < or = 1 microgram/ml; mic90s of fleroxacin, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, an ... | 1995 | 8529440 |
| lower respiratory tract infection therapy--the role of ciprofloxacin. | lower respiratory tract infections account for a large proportion of prescribed antibiotics and, with emerging resistance to standard agents, the introduction of the fluoroquinolones, in particular ciprofloxacin, has provided a further component in the armamentarium. this review encompasses 37 published clinical trials which featured ciprofloxacin; 3274 patients with lower respiratory tract infections were treated with this agent; in 94.1% of patients treatment was clinically successful and 90.9 ... | 1995 | 8529774 |
| rational use of oral antibiotics for pediatric infections. | we carried out a survey in japan to investigate compliance among children given oral antibiotics in an outpatient setting. the results of our survey revealed that, in japan, approximately one-quarter of patients did not take their full course of antibiotics. reasons for unsupervised self-discontinuation included: (1) the parent or guardian judged the infection to be cured; (2) the child refused to take the drug; and (3) the appearance of side effects. causative organisms often involved in respir ... | 1995 | 8537136 |
| acute otitis media in children: a study of nasopharyngeal carriage of potential pathogens and therapeutic efficacy of cefixime and amoxicillin-clavulanate. | we conducted a large, multicenter, randomized, open-label study throughout france comparing the efficacy and safety of cefixime suspension (8 mg/kg/day, b.i.d., for 10 days) versus amoxicillin-clavulanate suspension (80 mg/kg/day, t.i.d., for 10 days) in 510 children (ages 6 to 36 months) with acute otitis media. the most frequent microorganisms colonizing the nasopharynx at the start of treatment were streptococcus pneumoniae (51.5%), haemophilus influenzae (45%) and moraxella catarrhalis (30.2 ... | 1995 | 8537137 |
| lower respiratory tract infection due to ciprofloxacin resistant moraxella catarrhalis. | | 1995 | 8537282 |
| [azithromycin: critical points]. | the determination of the french breakpoints (< or = c, > c) were selected by the use of different criteria including bacteriological, pharmacokinetic and obviously clinical criteria. concerning the bacteriological results, azithromycin, being an acid stable orally administered antimicrobial drug, is in vitro marginally less active than erythromycin against gram-positive organisms including beta-haemolytic streptococci and staphylococcus aureus. but in contrast, this azalide is more active than e ... | 1995 | 8539070 |
| [azithromycin, pharmacodynamic evaluation in animal models]. | several experimental models have been used in order to evaluate the in vivo efficacy of azithromycin against numerous human pathogenic bacteria and parasites, including comparison between azithromycin and other antibiotics belonging or not to the macrolide family. using the experimental models, three major objectives can be distinguished: the comparative studies of the efficacy dose 50 (ed50) of azithromycin compared to other orally given antibiotics, the azithromycin efficacy in animal infected ... | 1995 | 8539074 |
| acute bronchial infection in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. | bacterial bronchial infection is a frequent cause of copd exacerbation but not its only aetiology. increased purulent expectorant appears to be its best indicator rather than fever, non-productive cough or dyspnoea. the clinician must try to recognize this condition rather than systematically prescribe empirical antibiotics. haemophilus influenzae, streptococcus pneumoniae and moraxella catarrhalis are the major pathogens. although atypical bacteria are not frequent, chlamydia pneumoniae could p ... | 1995 | 8541820 |
| treatment of acute bacterial exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in hospitalised patients--a comparison of meropenem and imipenem/cilastatin. copd study group. | meropenem and imipenem/cilastatin were compared in an open, randomised prospective multicentre study in the treatment of acute exacerbations of severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in hospitalised patients. one-hundred-and-seventy-three patients were enrolled; 164 were evaluable for clinical efficacy and 98 for bacteriological efficacy, with 144 pathogens isolated. the predominant pathogens were haemophilus influenzae (n = 30), streptococcus pneumoniae (18), staphylococcus aureus (12), p ... | 1995 | 8543488 |
| haemophilus influenzae release histamine and enhance histamine release from human bronchoalveolar cells. examination of patients with chronic bronchitis and controls. | haemophilus influenzae (h. influenzae), streptococcus pneumoniae (s. pneumoniae) and branhamella catarrhalis (b. catarrhalis) are often found in the lower respiratory tract of patients with chronic bronchitis. earlier studies have shown that bacteria induce mediator release from human basophils and parenchymal lung mast cells. in this study the capability of bacteria to trigger or potentiate histamine release from superficially located mast cells in the airway epithelium was studied in cell susp ... | 1995 | 8546845 |
| [role of macrolides in the treatment of respiratory tract infections in children]. | macrolides are antibiotics with high intracellular concentrations. they have a bacteriostatic activity but are also bactericides for concentrations five times greater than the minimal inhibitory concentration, concentrations in which they reach in the respiratory tract. they are usually active on streptococcus, neisseria, moraxella catarrhalis, listeria monocytogenes, bordetella pertussis, pasteurella multocida, chlamydia, mycoplasma pneumoniae, legionella pneumophila and helicobacter pylori. th ... | 1995 | 8548000 |
| maternal antibodies and acquired serological response to moraxella catarrhalis in children determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. | an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for determination of serum immunoglobulin g (igg) antibodies to moraxella catarrhalis was developed, with an ultrasonic extract of m. catarrhalis immobilized on polystyrene microtiter plates serving as the antigen. the specificity was determined by adsorption tests. all of the 541 women tested showed a high level of maternal igg antibodies to m. catarrhalis in umbilical cord blood specimens. one hundred eighty-nine children aged 0 to 15 years were exa ... | 1994 | 8556485 |
| binding specificity for four monoclonal antibodies recognizing terminal gal alpha 1-->4gal residues in haemophilus influenzae lipopolysaccharide. | four murine monoclonal antibodies (mabs) reactive with the outer-core region of the lipopolysaccharide (lps) from haemophilus influenzae were generated after immunization with azide-killed h. influenzae rm.7004 ah1-2 and their epitope specificities studied. the monoclonal antibodies: mahi 6 (igm), mahi 5 (igg2a), mahi 8 (igg3), and mahi 11 (igg2b) bound to synthetic glycoconjugates or glycolipids with terminal galabiosyl (gal alpha 1-->4gal beta 1-) or globotriaosyl (gal alpha 1-->4gal beta 1 1- ... | 1995 | 8559043 |
| spectrum and significance of bacteremia due to moraxella catarrhalis. | fifty-eight cases of bacteremia due to moraxella catarrhalis, including seven that occurred in patients treated at our facilities, are analyzed. the host's medical history plays a major role in the presentation and outcome of m. catarrhalis bacteremia. bacteremia is typically accompanied by pneumonia in adults with underlying respiratory disease. many neutropenic patients do not manifest a focus of infection; in contrast, the source identified in healthy, immunocompetent patients is usually the ... | 1995 | 8562749 |
| pathogenicity of moraxella catarrhalis in cystic fibrosis. | | 1995 | 8563244 |
| human b cells express il-5 receptor messenger ribonucleic acid and respond to il-5 with enhanced igm production after mitogenic stimulation with moraxella catarrhalis. | the potential for il-5 to regulate human b cells is controversial despite its well established role as a regulatory factor for murine b cells. we hypothesized that the mechanism by which human b cells were stimulated would, as with murine b cells, determine their potential to respond to il-5. since staphylococcus aureus cowan strain i (sac) and moraxella catarrhalis (mcat) stimulate human b cells by distinct interactions with cell-surface ig, we compared their potential to induce an il-5-respons ... | 1996 | 8568239 |
| construction of a combined noti/smai physical and genetic map of moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis strain atcc25238. | using pulsed field gel electrophoresis (pfge) and southern hybridization techniques, a physical map of moraxella catarrhalis strain atcc25238 was constructed to provide basic genetic knowledge of this bacterium that has attracted attention in recent years as a human pathogen. restriction endonuclease noti cut the genome into 10 fragments and smai into 9, and the molecular size of the genome was estimated to be 1,940 kilobases. location of the 12 genes participating in the biosynthesis of purine, ... | 1995 | 8577264 |
| moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis: restriction enzyme analysis typing with hinfi, haeiii and psti. | restriction enzyme analysis typing with hinfi, haeiii and psti was performed on moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis strains consecutively collected from children suspected of respiratory tract infection and the type strain. use of hinfi gave the most distinct patterns. great polymorphism was seen among strains. | 1995 | 8580900 |
| [beta-lactamases of branhamella catarrhalis and their phenotypic implications]. | of the 50 strains of beta-lactamase-producing branhamella catarrhalis isolated at saint joseph's hospital (paris) that were studied, 94% produced bro-1 type beta-lactamase and 6% produced the bro-2 type. we examined the transfer of bro-1 and bro-2 genes and found that, among 7 donor strains producing bro-1, all were able to transfer the gene for bro-1 production by conjugation. of the 4 donor strains producing bro-2, 2 were able to transfer the gene for bro-2 production by conjugation. three bro ... | 1995 | 8584798 |
| trends in antimicrobial susceptibility of bacterial pathogens of the respiratory tract. | rates of antimicrobial resistance have been increasing in bacteria responsible for community-acquired lower respiratory tract infections in the united states. nearly 100% of clinical isolates of moraxella catarrhalis now produce beta-lactamase, an enzyme that renders this pathogen resistant to such agents as penicillin, ampicillin, and amoxicillin. however, this organism remains nearly uniformly susceptible to alternative oral antimicrobials, such as cephalosporins, macrolides, tetracyclines, be ... | 1995 | 8585554 |
| effectiveness of short-course therapy (5 days) with cefuroxime axetil in treatment of secondary bacterial infections of acute bronchitis. | five hundred thirty-seven patients were enrolled in two independent, investigator-blinded, multicenter, randomized clinical trials comparing the clinical and bacteriologic efficacies and the safety of 5- or 10-day treatment with cefuroxime axetil with those of 10-day treatment with amoxicillin-clavulanate in the treatment of secondary bacterial infections of acute bronchitis. patients received either 5 or 10 days of treatment (n = 177 in each group) with cefuroxime axetil at 250 mg twice daily o ... | 1995 | 8585739 |
| [antimicrobial activities of cefepime against clinically isolated strains]. | in order to evaluate antimicrobial activity of cefepime (cfpm), minimum inhibitory concentrations (mics) of cfpm and other drugs were determined against clinical isolates that were obtained in 1994. 1. cfpm showed a wide antibacterial spectrum against staphylococcus spp. and glucose non-fermentative gram-negative rods ((g)nf-gnr). antimicrobial activities of cfpm against staphylococcus spp. were stronger than those of ceftazidime (caz) and somewhat stronger than those of cefotaxime (ctx), and an ... | 1995 | 8587165 |
| [antimicrobial activities of clavulanic acid/amoxicillin against freshly isolated clinical strains from outpatients]. | in order to investigate antimicrobial activities of clavulanic acid/amoxicillin (cva/ampc) against freshly isolated clinical strains obtained in 1995, beta-lactamase activities and minimum inhibitory concentration (mics) were determined including those of the control drugs. the results are summarized as follows; 1. detection frequencies of beta-lactamase producing strains were as follows: methicillin-susceptible staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus (mssa, 90.0%), haemophilus influenzae (22.0%), m ... | 1995 | 8587166 |
| development of beta-lactamase-mediated resistance to penicillin in middle-ear isolates of moraxella catarrhalis in finnish children, 1978-1993. | the frequency of beta-lactamase production was analyzed in a study of 1,452 strains of moraxella catarrhalis and 2,738 strains of haemophilus influenzae isolated from middle-ear fluid of children < 6 years of age at tampere university hospital in tampere, finland, between 1978 and 1993. in addition, 401 isolates of m. catarrhalis from similar samples collected in different parts of finland in 1988-1990 were tested for beta-lactamase production; minimal inhibitory concentrations of ampicillin, ce ... | 1995 | 8589142 |
| synthesis of 2-(4-aminophenyl)ethyl 3-deoxy-5-o-(3,4,6-tri-o-beta-d- glucopyranosyl-alpha-d-glucopyranosyl)-alpha-d-manno-oct-2-ulopyrano sid onic acid, a highly branched pentasaccharide corresponding to structures found in lipopolysaccharides from moraxella catarrhalis. | syntheses of the pentasaccharide 2-(4-aminophenyl)ethyl 3-deoxy-5-o-(3,4,6- tri-o-beta-d-glucopyranosyl-alpha-d-glucopyranosyl)-alpha-d-manno-oct-2- ulopyranosidonic acid and of the tetrasaccharide 3,4,6-tri-o-beta-d-glucopyranosyl-alpha-d-glucopyranoside, both as its methyl and 2-(4-trifluoro-acetamidophenyl)ethyl glycoside, are described. these oligosaccharides correspond to structures found in the lipopolysaccharide of moraxella catarrhalis and were needed for biological experiments aimed at ... | 1995 | 8590446 |
| clinical comparison of cefuroxime axetil suspension and amoxicillin/clavulanate suspension in the treatment of pediatric patients with acute otitis media with effusion. | two independent, investigator-blinded, multicenter, randomized clinical trials, one of which included microbiologic evaluation of middle-ear fluid obtained by use of tympanocentesis, compared the efficacy and safety of two oral antibiotics, cefuroxime axetil suspension and amoxicillin/clavulanate suspension, in the treatment of children 3 months to 12 years old diagnosed with acute otitis media with effusion (aome). four hundred seventy-seven pediatric patients with signs and symptoms of aome we ... | 1995 | 8595636 |
| clinical comparison of cefuroxime axetil and amoxicillin/clavulanate in the treatment of patients with secondary bacterial infections of acute bronchitis. | two independent, investigator-blinded, multicenter, randomized clinical trials compared the clinical and bacteriologic efficacy and safety of two oral antibiotics, cefuroxime axetil and amoxicillin/clavulanate, in the treatment of patients with secondary bacterial infections of acute bronchitis (hereafter denoted acute bronchitis). three hundred sixty patients with signs and symptoms of acute bronchitis were enrolled at 22 centers and were randomly assigned to receive 10 days of treatment with e ... | 1995 | 8595638 |
| attachment of moraxella catarrhalis to pharyngeal epithelial cells is mediated by a glycosphingolipid receptor. | moraxella catarrhalis is one of the major pathogens of respiratory infections and has the ability to attach to the pharyngeal cells iva fimbriae. we characterized the epithelial cell receptor to which fimbriate m. catarrhalis binds. neuraminidase pretreatment of pharyngeal epithelial cells resulted in a significant decrease of m. catarrhalis attachment, suggesting interaction with the sialic acid component. the attachment was not decreased in m. catarrhalis pretreated with 2 and 1 mg/ml of fucos ... | 1996 | 8595872 |
| bacteriology and beta-lactamase activity in acute and chronic maxillary sinusitis. | to assess the bacteriology and beta-lactamase enzyme activity in aspirates of 10 acutely and 13 chronically inflamed maxillary sinuses. | 1996 | 8600928 |
| experimental otitis media with moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis. | two hundred fifty gerbils and 7 chinchillas were utilized in 11 experiments to determine the effect of inoculating viable and heat-killed suspensions of moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis into the middle ear cavity. development of otitis media was observed by otoscopy and histopathology. gerbils were found to be susceptible to 2 x 10(4) viable m catarrhalis cells. depending on the number of cells inoculated, the resulting untreated inflammation was a very mild to moderately severe, self-limitin ... | 1996 | 8615589 |
| antimicrobial activity of cs-940, a new trifluorinated quinolone. | the antimicrobial activity of cs-940, a new trifluorinated quinolone drug, was tested against 761 clinical isolates. cs-940 activity against members of the family enterobacteriaceae was most similar to that of ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin, with a large range of mics inhibiting 90% of isolates tested (mic90s) of 0.015 to 16 micrograms/ml (median mic90, 0.06 micrograms/ml). cs-940 had greater activity than ciprofloxacin or ofloxacin when they were tested against acinetobacter spp. (mic90s, 0.03 mic ... | 1995 | 8619590 |
| antibody response in rabbits to serotype-specific determinants in lipopolysaccharides from moraxella catarrhalis. | antibodies against the serotype determinant epitopes of moraxella catarrhalis lipopolysaccharides (lps) were demonstrated in sera from rabbits immunised with whole bacterial cells. purified lps preparations from eight strains of m. catarrhalis were used as antigens in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisa) and immunoblotting. the serotype specificity of the antibodies was shown by neutralisation with lps and with purified polysaccharide obtained from lps prepared from strains belonging to di ... | 1996 | 8636949 |
| the microbiology of chronic otitis media with effusion in a group of auckland children. | to determine the microbiology of chronic otitis media with effusion in a group of auckland children. to determine the antimicrobial sensitivities of isolated bacterial pathogens to commonly used antibiotics for this condition. | 1996 | 8657383 |
| bactericidal kinetics and postantibiotic effect of sparfloxacin against selected species of respiratory pathogens. | we determined the bactericidal kinetics and postantibiotic effect (pae) of sparfloxacin against haemophilus influenzae, moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis, klebsiella pneumonia, streptococcus pneumoniae, and staphylococcus aureus. time-kill studies were performed by using 1 x and 4 x the minimum inhibitory concentrations (mics) of sparfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, co-trimoxazole, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and erythromycin (inoculum 10(5) and 10(7) cfu/ml). the pae was induced by exposing the strai ... | 1995 | 8667038 |
| evaluation of purified uspa from moraxella catarrhalis as a vaccine in a murine model after active immunization. | moraxella catarrhalis causes otitis media, laryngitis, and respiratory infections in humans. a high-molecular-weight outer membrane protein from this bacterium named ubiquitous surface protein a (uspa) is present on all isolates. a monoclonal antibody (mab) to uspa that recognizes a conserved epitope of this protein has been shown to promote pulmonary clearance of bacteria in passively immunized mice. in the present study, m. catarrhalis heterologous isolates were screened by dot blot with a pan ... | 1996 | 8675285 |