| strong and persistent microbial and inflammatory stimuli overcome the genetic predisposition to higher matrix metalloproteinase-1 (mmp-1) expression: a mechanistic explanation for the lack of association of mmp1-1607 single-nucleotide polymorphism genotypes with mmp-1 expression in chronic periodontitis lesions. | our objective was to evaluate the association between the mmp1-1607 single-nucleotide polymorphism (snp), periodontopathogens and inflammatory cytokines with matrix metalloproteinase-1 (mmp-1) mrna levels in vitro and in vivo. | 2009 | 19659894 |
| global proteome analysis of leptospira interrogans. | comparative global proteome analyses were performed on leptospira interrogans serovar copenhageni grown under conventional in vitro conditions and those mimicking in vivo conditions (iron limitation and serum presence). proteomic analyses were conducted using itraq and lc-esi-tandem mass spectrometry complemented with two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and maldi-tof mass spectrometry. a total of 563 proteins were identified in this study. altered expression of 65 proteins, including upregulatio ... | 2009 | 19663501 |
| efflux-mediated drug resistance in bacteria: an update. | drug efflux pumps play a key role in drug resistance and also serve other functions in bacteria. there has been a growing list of multidrug and drug-specific efflux pumps characterized from bacteria of human, animal, plant and environmental origins. these pumps are mostly encoded on the chromosome, although they can also be plasmid-encoded. a previous article in this journal provided a comprehensive review regarding efflux-mediated drug resistance in bacteria. in the past 5 years, significant pr ... | 2009 | 19678712 |
| association between periodontitis and anti-cardiolipin antibodies in buerger disease. | anti-cardiolipin (cl) antibodies can be induced in buerger disease (bd), an inflammatory occlusive disorder affecting peripheral blood vessels, in response to bacteria bearing homology to the tlrvyk peptide of a phospholipid-binding plasma protein beta-2-glycoprotein i. tlrvyk homologies are present in porphyromonas gingivalis (tlriyt) and treponema denticola (tlalyk). this study investigated the association between periodontal infection and anti-cl antibodies in bd patients. | 2009 | 19678860 |
| quantification of periodontal pathogens by paper point sampling from the coronal and apical aspect of periodontal lesions by real-time pcr. | the present study compared the recovery of six periodontal pathogens by paper point samples from two different aspects of periodontal lesions by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr). twenty patients with untreated chronic periodontitis were randomized into two groups. before subgingival instrumentation and after 10 weeks samples in group a were taken first with a paper point half length (hp) of the probing depth, then with a paper point full length (fp) at the same site. in gro ... | 2010 | 19693550 |
| oral bacteria induce a differential activation of human immunodeficiency virus-1 promoter in t cells, macrophages and dendritic cells. | the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) can integrate into t cells, macrophages and dendritic cells resulting in a latent infection. reports have also demonstrated that various microbial and host cell factors can trigger hiv reactivation leading to hiv recrudescence, potentially undermining highly active antiretroviral therapies. | 2009 | 19702954 |
| crystallization and preliminary x-ray analysis of betac-s lyases from two oral streptococci. | hydrogen sulfide, which causes oral malodour, is generally produced from l-cysteine by the action of betac-s lyase from oral bacteria. the betac-s lyases from two oral bacteria, streptococcus anginosus and s. gordonii, have been cloned, overproduced, purified and crystallized. x-ray diffraction data were collected from the two types of crystals using synchrotron radiation. the crystal of s. anginosus betac-s lyase belonged to the orthorhombic space group p2(1)2(1)2(1), with unit-cell parameters ... | 2009 | 19724121 |
| elafin is specifically inactivated by rgpb from porphyromonas gingivalis by distinct proteolytic cleavage. | abstract porphyromonas gingivalis, the major causative bacterium of periodontitis, contributes significantly to elevated proteolytic activity at periodontal pockets owing to the presence of both bacteria and host, predominantly neutrophil-derived, serine proteases. normally the activity of the latter enzymes is tightly regulated by endogenous proteins, including elafin, a potent neutrophil elastase and proteinase 3 inhibitor released from epithelial cells at sites of inflammation. here, we repor ... | 2009 | 19747076 |
| an unusual autopsy case of pyogenic liver abscess caused by periodontal bacteria. | pyogenic liver abscess (pla) formation is thought to originate from the transmission of infection via three major routes including the biliary tract, portal vein and hepatic artery. however, about 50% of pla cases are considered to be cryptogenic. here we report an unusual autopsy case of pla associated with periodontopathic bacterial infection. a 59-year-old female suddenly developed cardiopulmonary arrest and died. despite macroscopic and microscopic examinations, the infectious routes and sou ... | 2009 | 19762989 |
| distribution of periodontopathic bacterial species in japanese children with developmental disabilities. | recent developments in molecular biological techniques have enabled rapid detection of periodontopathic bacterial species in clinical specimens. accumulated evidence suggests that detection of specific bacterial species enables identification of subjects at high risk for the onset of periodontitis. we investigated the distribution of 10 selected periodontopathic bacterial species in dental plaque specimens obtained from children with disabilities who were attending daycare centers. | 2009 | 19772671 |
| characterization and structure of the manganese-responsive transcriptional regulator scar. | the streptococcal coaggregation regulator (scar) of streptococcus gordonii is a manganese-dependent transcriptional regulator. when intracellular manganese concentrations become elevated, scar represses transcription of the scacba operon, which encodes a manganese uptake transporter. a member of the dtxr/mntr family of metalloregulators, scar shares sequence similarity with other family members, and many metal-binding residues are conserved. here, we show that scar is an active dimer, with two d ... | 2009 | 19795834 |
| salivary interleukin-1beta concentration and the presence of multiple pathogens in periodontitis. | this study aimed to find salivary enzymes and/or cytokines that would reflect periodontitis, alone or in combination with salivary microbial markers. | 2009 | 19799718 |
| saliva enables the antimicrobial activity of ll-37 in the presence of proteases of porphyromonas gingivalis. | proteolysis is a common microbial virulence mechanism that enables the destruction of host tissue and evasion from host defense mechanisms. antimicrobial peptides, also known as host defense peptides, are effector molecules of the innate immunity that demonstrate a broad range of antimicrobial and immunoregulatory activities. deficiency of the human ll-37 antimicrobial peptide was previously correlated with severe periodontal disease. porphyromonas gingivalis, the major pathogen associated with ... | 2009 | 19805540 |
| global challenge of antibiotic-resistant treponema pallidum. | syphilis is a multistage infectious disease that is usually transmitted through contact with active lesions of a sexual partner or from an infected pregnant woman to her fetus. despite elimination efforts, syphilis remains endemic in many developing countries and has reemerged in several developed countries, including china, where a widespread epidemic recently occurred. in the absence of a vaccine, syphilis control is largely dependent upon identification of infected individuals and treatment o ... | 2010 | 19805553 |
| global challenge of antibiotic-resistant treponema pallidum. | syphilis is a multistage infectious disease that is usually transmitted through contact with active lesions of a sexual partner or from an infected pregnant woman to her fetus. despite elimination efforts, syphilis remains endemic in many developing countries and has reemerged in several developed countries, including china, where a widespread epidemic recently occurred. in the absence of a vaccine, syphilis control is largely dependent upon identification of infected individuals and treatment o ... | 2010 | 19805553 |
| role of the cysteine protease interpain a of prevotella intermedia in breakdown and release of haem from haemoglobin. | the gram-negative oral anaerobe prevotella intermedia forms an iron(iii) protoporphyrin ix pigment from haemoglobin. the bacterium expresses a 90 kda cysteine protease, inpa (interpain a), a homologue of streptococcus pyogenes streptopain (speb). the role of inpa in haemoglobin breakdown and haem release was investigated. at ph 7.5, inpa mediated oxidation of oxyhaemoglobin to hydroxymethaemoglobin [in which the haem iron is oxidized to the fe(iii) state and which carries oh- as the sixth co-ord ... | 2009 | 19814715 |
| cryo-electron tomography elucidates the molecular architecture of treponema pallidum, the syphilis spirochete. | cryo-electron tomography (cet) was used to examine the native cellular organization of treponema pallidum, the syphilis spirochete. t. pallidum cells appeared to form flat waves, did not contain an outer coat and, except for bulges over the basal bodies and widening in the vicinity of flagellar filaments, displayed a uniform periplasmic space. although the outer membrane (om) generally was smooth in contour, om extrusions and blebs frequently were observed, highlighting the structure's fluidity ... | 2009 | 19820083 |
| progression of chronic periodontitis can be predicted by the levels of porphyromonas gingivalis and treponema denticola in subgingival plaque. | chronic periodontitis is an inflammatory disease of the supporting tissues of the teeth associated with bacteria. diagnosis is achieved retrospectively by clinical observation of attachment loss. predicting disease progression would allow for targeted preventive therapy. the aim of this study was to monitor disease progression in patients on a maintenance program and determine the levels of specific bacteria in subgingival plaque samples and then examine the ability of the clinical parameters of ... | 2009 | 19832799 |
| differential virulence and innate immune interactions of type i and ii fimbrial genotypes of porphyromonas gingivalis. | the fima-encoded fimbriae of the periodontal pathogen porphyromonas gingivalis display genetic diversity. type i fimbriated p. gingivalis (pg-i) has been most widely studied at the molecular level, whereas pg-ii is the most frequent isolate from severe periodontitis. | 2009 | 19832800 |
| subgingival bacterial colonization profiles correlate with gingival tissue gene expression. | periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease caused by the microbiota of the periodontal pocket. we investigated the association between subgingival bacterial profiles and gene expression patterns in gingival tissues of patients with periodontitis. a total of 120 patients undergoing periodontal surgery contributed with a minimum of two interproximal gingival papillae (range 2-4) from a maxillary posterior region. prior to tissue harvesting, subgingival plaque samples were collected from the m ... | 2009 | 19835625 |
| autoaggregation response of fusobacterium nucleatum. | fusobacterium nucleatum is a gram-negative oral bacterial species associated with periodontal disease progression. this species is perhaps best known for its ability to adhere to a vast array of other bacteria and eukaryotic cells. numerous studies of f. nucleatum have examined various coaggregation partners and inhibitors, but it is largely unknown whether these interactions induce a particular genetic response. we tested coaggregation between f. nucleatum atcc strain 25586 and various species ... | 2009 | 19837836 |
| negative correlation of distributions of streptococcus cristatus and porphyromonas gingivalis in subgingival plaque. | porphyromonas gingivalis is one of the major causative agents of adult periodontitis. one of the features of this periodontal pathogen is its ability to attach to a variety of oral bacterial surfaces and to colonize subgingival dental plaque. we have shown that streptococcus cristatus cc5a inhibits expression of fima, a gene encoding the major protein subunit of long fimbriae in p. gingivalis; as a result, s. cristatus interrupts formation of p. gingivalis biofilms. here we further demonstrate t ... | 2009 | 19846640 |
| confounding and interaction effect of treponema denticola salivary carriage in chronic periodontitis. | to evaluate the salivary carriage of treponema denticola and its association with demographic variables in the etiopathogenesis of chronic periodontitis. | 2010 | 19849805 |
| microbiologic changes in subgingival plaque after removal of fixed orthodontic appliances. | to evaluate changes that occur in the subgingival microbiota after removal of fixed orthodontic appliances using polymerase chain reaction (pcr). | 2009 | 19852608 |
| cultural studies on mouth spirochaetae (treponema microdentium and macrodentium). | i have described the successful cultivation of two distinct species of treponema from the oral cavity of man. the species differ from one another morphologically and in respect to their cultural properties. as the two species have now been clearly separated and cultivated for the first time, i propose for them the names treponema microdentium and macrodentium, respectively. division along the longitudinal axis has been demonstrated for both treponema macrodentium and microdentium. when the micro ... | 1912 | 19867507 |
| morphological and pathogenic variations in treponema pallidum. | when many cultures of treponema pallidum, whether obtained from the testicular lesions produced in rabbits or directly from human cases of syphilis, are compared, certain definite differences in morphological character become apparent. the different specimens can be divided into thicker and thinner forms or types, and an average or normal form or type. the last is the common or most frequent variety, but the other two occur with sufficient frequency and retain their characters with such constanc ... | 1912 | 19867516 |
| pure cultivation of spirochaeta refringens. | a strain of spirochoeta refringens has been obtained in pure culture, and its morphological and cultural characteristics have been studied. the strain possessed no pathogenicity for rabbits or monkeys. it probably belongs to the genus treponema, but it is easily differentiated from treponema pallidum, treponema microdentium, and treponema macrodentium. its relation to spirochoeta balanitidis and spirochoeta buccalis is still undetermined. | 1912 | 19867539 |
| cultivation of treponema calligyrum (new species) from condylomata of man. | 1. on the surface of genital or anal lesions, either syphilitic or non-syphilitic, there may be found occasionally a spirochaeta resembling treponema pallidum, but somewhat thicker than the latter. in general characteristics, this organism occupies an intermediary position between treponema pallidum and spirochaeta refringens. 2. the treponema was obtained in pure culture from two cases. for the organism the name of treponema calligyrum is proposed. 3. treponema calligyrum is non-pathogenic for ... | 1913 | 19867628 |
| the drug-fastness of spirochetes to arsenic, mercurial, and iodide compounds in vitro. | in the foregoing experiments we attempted to determine whether or not, by subjecting several varieties of spirochetes to increasing doses of certain chemotherapeutic agents, a gradual increase of resistance to the latter could be shown. for this purpose, pure cultures of treponema pallidum, treponema microdentium, and spirochoeta refringens were used against the action of salvarsan, neosalvarsan, bichloride of mercury, and iodine-iodide potassium solution in vitro. for culture media, the usual a ... | 1917 | 19868093 |
| the influence of carbohydrates on the cultivation of spirochetes. | various carbohydrates have been added to the fluid cultures of different strains of spirochetes in order to determine the behavior of the latter toward the carbohydrates. in the present experiment, amygdalin, arabinose, beerwort, dextrin, galactose, glycogen, glucose, inulin, lactose, levulose, maltose, mannite, raffinose, saccharose, and starch were tested with seven strains of treponema pallidum and one strain each of treponema calligyrum, treponema microdentium, treponema mucosum, and spiroch ... | 1917 | 19868095 |
| immunological studies on pure cultures of various spirochetes. | experiments were carried out for the study of culture spirochetes in their relation to various immunity reactions in vitro. several strains of treponema pallidum and one each of treponema calligyrum, spirochata refringens, treponema microdentium, and treponema mucosum were used. tests were made of immune substances responsible for agglutination, complement fixation, spirocheticidosis, and opsonization. in cases of agglutination and complement fixation, cross titrations were made. 1. in the sera ... | 1917 | 19868122 |
| a novel matrix metalloprotease-like enzyme (karilysin) of the periodontal pathogen tannerella forsythia atcc 43037. | proteases of tannerella forsythia, a pathogen associated with periodontal disease, are implicated as virulence factors. here, we characterized a matrix metalloprotease (mmp)-like enzyme of t. forsythia referred to as karilysin. full-length (without a signal peptide) recombinant karilysin (49.9 kda) processed itself into the mature 18-kda enzyme through sequential autoproteolytic cleavage at both n- and c-terminal profragments. the first cleavage at the asn14-tyr15 peptide bond generated the full ... | 2010 | 19919176 |
| an efficient method for enumerating oral spirochetes using flow cytometry. | spirochetes, such as treponema denticola, are thin walled, helical, motile bacteria. they are notoriously difficult to enumerate due to their thinness and the difficulties associated with culturing them. here we have developed a modified oral bacterial growth medium (obgm) that significantly improves the cultivation of t. denticola compared with a previously published growth medium. three methods for the enumeration of t. denticola, semi-solid growth medium colony-forming unit (cfu) counts, dna ... | 2010 | 19932718 |
| evidence that two atp-dependent (lon) proteases in borrelia burgdorferi serve different functions. | the canonical atp-dependent protease lon participates in an assortment of biological processes in bacteria, including the catalysis of damaged or senescent proteins and short-lived regulatory proteins. borrelia spirochetes are unusual in that they code for two putative atp-dependent lon homologs, lon-1 and lon-2. borrelia burgdorferi, the etiologic agent of lyme disease, is transmitted through the blood feeding of ixodes ticks. previous work in our laboratory reported that b. burgdorferi lon-1 i ... | 2009 | 19956677 |
| treponema denticola suppresses expression of human {beta}-defensin-3 in gingival epithelial cells through inhibition of the toll-like receptor 2 axis. | we reported previously that treponema denticola, one of the periodontal pathogens, suppresses the expression of human beta-defensins (hbds) in human gingival epithelial cells. to identify the mechanisms involved in this suppression, immortalized and normal human gingival epithelial cells were infected with live or heat-killed t. denticola for 24 h, and then the expression of hbds was examined by real-time rt-pcr. live t. denticola suppressed the expression of hbd-3 substantially and also suppres ... | 2010 | 19995893 |
| genetic control of the innate immune response to borrelia hermsii influences the course of relapsing fever in inbred strains of mice. | host susceptibility to infection is controlled in large measure by the genetic makeup of the host. spirochetes of the genus borrelia include nearly 40 species of vector-borne spirochetes that are capable of infecting a wide range of mammalian hosts, causing lyme disease and relapsing fever. relapsing fever is associated with high-level bacteremia, as well as hematologic manifestations, such as thrombocytopenia (i.e., low platelet numbers) and anemia. to facilitate studies of genetic control of s ... | 2010 | 19995898 |
| genetic control of the innate immune response to borrelia hermsii influences the course of relapsing fever in inbred strains of mice. | host susceptibility to infection is controlled in large measure by the genetic makeup of the host. spirochetes of the genus borrelia include nearly 40 species of vector-borne spirochetes that are capable of infecting a wide range of mammalian hosts, causing lyme disease and relapsing fever. relapsing fever is associated with high-level bacteremia, as well as hematologic manifestations, such as thrombocytopenia (i.e., low platelet numbers) and anemia. to facilitate studies of genetic control of s ... | 2010 | 19995898 |
| transmission of periodontopathic bacteria from natural teeth to implants. | purpose: prevention of peri-implantitis is essential for the success of implant rehabilitation. infection by periodontopathic bacteria is a major cause of peri-implantitis. the aim of the present study was to identify the source of peri-implant colonization by periodontopathic bacteria. materials and methods: twenty-one patients with implants were enrolled in the study. subgingival plaque samples from the adjacent, occluding, and contralateral natural teeth were collected prior to second-stage s ... | 2009 | 20002682 |
| treponema denticola biofilm-induced expression of a bacteriophage, toxin-antitoxin systems and transposases. | treponema denticola is an oral spirochaete that has been strongly associated with chronic periodontitis. the bacterium exists as part of a dense biofilm (subgingival dental plaque) accreted to the tooth. to determine t. denticola gene products important for persistence as a biofilm we developed a continuous-culture biofilm model and conducted a genome-wide transcriptomic analysis of biofilm and planktonic cells. a total of 126 genes were differentially expressed with a fold change of 1.5 or grea ... | 2010 | 20007650 |
| complementary tolls in the periodontium: how periodontal bacteria modify complement and toll-like receptor responses to prevail in the host. | | 2010 | 20017800 |
| association of human t lymphotropic virus 1 amplification of periodontitis severity with altered cytokine expression in response to a standard periodontopathogen infection. | periodontal diseases (pds) are infectious diseases in which periodontopathogens trigger chronic inflammatory and immune responses that lead to tissue destruction. recently, viruses have been implicated in the pathogenesis of pds. individuals infected with human t lymphotropic virus 1 (htlv-1) present with abnormal oral health and a marked increased prevalence of periodontal disease. | 2010 | 20038241 |
| the bifidobacterium dentium bd1 genome sequence reflects its genetic adaptation to the human oral cavity. | bifidobacteria, one of the relatively dominant components of the human intestinal microbiota, are considered one of the key groups of beneficial intestinal bacteria (probiotic bacteria). however, in addition to health-promoting taxa, the genus bifidobacterium also includes bifidobacterium dentium, an opportunistic cariogenic pathogen. the genetic basis for the ability of b. dentium to survive in the oral cavity and contribute to caries development is not understood. the genome of b. dentium bd1, ... | 2009 | 20041198 |
| evaluating clinical periodontal measures as surrogates for bacterial exposure: the oral infections and vascular disease epidemiology study (invest). | epidemiologic studies of periodontal infection as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease often use clinical periodontal measures as a surrogate for the underlying bacterial exposure of interest. there are currently no methodological studies evaluating which clinical periodontal measures best reflect the levels of subgingival bacterial colonization in population-based settings. we investigated the characteristics of clinical periodontal definitions that were most representative of exposure to b ... | 2010 | 20056008 |
| microbiologic testing and outcomes of full-mouth scaling and root planing with or without amoxicillin/metronidazole in chronic periodontitis. | it has been suggested that use of systemic antibiotics should be limited to patients with specific microbiologic profiles. the main purpose of the present analysis was to study whether microbiologic testing before therapy was of value in predicting which patients would specifically benefit from adjunctive amoxicillin and metronidazole, given in the context of full-mouth scaling and root planing (srp) within 48 hours. | 2010 | 20059413 |
| subgingival plaque removal using a new air-polishing device. | the purpose of this study is to evaluate the safety, patient acceptance, and short-term microbiologic effect of a new air-polishing device in subjects in maintenance care with residual pockets > or =5 mm. | 2010 | 20059420 |
| fimr and fims: biofilm formation and gene expression in porphyromonas gingivalis. | porphyromonas gingivalis is a late-colonizing bacterium of the subgingival dental plaque biofilm associated with periodontitis. two p. gingivalis genes, fimr and fims, are predicted to encode a two-component signal transduction system comprising a response regulator (fimr) and a sensor histidine kinase (fims). in this study, we show that fims and fimr, although contiguous on the genome, are not part of an operon. we inactivated fimr and fims in both the afimbriated strain w50 and the fimbriated ... | 2010 | 20061484 |
| treponema denticola alters cell vitality and induces ho-1 and hsp70 expression in porcine aortic endothelial cells. | treponema denticola is an oral spirochete that is associated with periodontal disease and detected occasionally in extraoral lesions associated with systemic disorders such as cardiovascular diseases. the effect of specific bacterial products from oral treponemes on endothelium is poorly investigated. this study analyzed the ability of components of the outer membrane of t. denticola (omt) to induce apoptosis and heat shock proteins (ho-1 and hsp70) in porcine aortic endothelial cells (paecs), c ... | 2010 | 20091146 |
| periodontal bacterial load: a proposed new epidemiological method for periodontal disease assessment. | the purpose of this study was to identify a periodontal clinical measure that correlates with red complex bacteria usually associated with periodontal disease. | 2010 | 20098966 |
| analysis of the igg immune response to treponema phagedenis-like spirochetes in individual dairy cattle with papillomatous digital dermatitis. | papillomatous digital dermatitis (pdd) is a major infectious disease of the foot skin in dairy cattle. treponema phagedenis-like spirochetes have been consistently detected in pdd lesions, and antibodies against these organisms have been demonstrated in affected cattle. however, little is known about the dominant antigens recognized by the immune system of affected cattle. here, we investigated the igg immune response to t. phagedenis-like isolates by western blotting with different sera using w ... | 2010 | 20107009 |
| orthophosphate binding at the dimer interface of corynebacterium callunae starch phosphorylase: mutational analysis of its role for activity and stability of the enzyme. | orthophosphate recognition at allosteric binding sites is a key feature for the regulation of enzyme activity in mammalian glycogen phosphorylases. protein residues co-ordinating orthophosphate in three binding sites distributed across the dimer interface of a non-regulated bacterial starch phosphorylase (from corynebacterium callunae) were individually replaced by ala to interrogate their unknown function for activity and stability of this enzyme. | 2010 | 20113461 |
| comparative genomic analyses of attenuated strains of mycoplasma gallisepticum. | mycoplasma gallisepticum is a significant respiratory and reproductive pathogen of domestic poultry. while the complete genomic sequence of the virulent, low-passage m. gallisepticum strain r (r(low)) has been reported, genomic determinants responsible for differences in virulence and host range remain to be completely identified. here, we utilize genome sequencing and microarray-based comparative genomic data to identify these genomic determinants of virulence and to elucidate genomic variabili ... | 2010 | 20123709 |
| [detection of periodental pathogens in atherosclerotic lesions in patients]. | to detect periodontopathic bacterial dna in atherosclerotic vascular lesions in a group of chinese patients by using polymerase chain reaction (pcr) techniques. | 2010 | 20140039 |
| comparison of two different microbiological test kits for detection of periodontal pathogens. | the aim of this study was to compare the outcome of two different microbiological tests for detection of aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (a.a.), porphyromonas gingivalis (p.g.), tannerella forsythia (t.f.) and treponema denticola (t.d.). | 2010 | 20141366 |
| trichomonas vaginalis vast bspa-like gene family: evidence for functional diversity from structural organisation and transcriptomics. | trichomonas vaginalis is the most common non-viral human sexually transmitted pathogen and importantly, contributes to facilitating the spread of hiv. yet very little is known about its surface and secreted proteins mediating interactions with, and permitting the invasion and colonisation of, the host mucosa. initial annotations of t. vaginalis genome identified a plethora of candidate extracellular proteins. | 2010 | 20144183 |
| effects of a mouthwash with chlorine dioxide on oral malodor and salivary bacteria: a randomized placebo-controlled 7-day trial. | previous research has shown the oxidizing properties and microbiological efficacies of chlorine dioxide (clo2). its clinical efficacies on oral malodor have been evaluated and reported only in short duration trials, moreover, no clinical studies have investigated its microbiological efficacies on periodontal and malodorous bacteria. thus, the aim of this study was to assess the inhibitory effects of a mouthwash containing clo2 used for 7 days on morning oral malodor and on salivary periodontal a ... | 2010 | 20152022 |
| the relationship between physiologic halitosis and periodontopathic bacteria of the tongue and gingival sulcus. | to determine the influence of oral status on halitosis, the relationship between halitosis and periodontopathic bacteria present in plaque on the tongue and the subgingival sulcus was examined in 62 periodontally healthy adults. halitosis indicators used were the organoleptic score; gas chromatography results [total volatile sulfur compounds (vscs) = h(2)s + ch(3)sh + (ch(3))(2)s]; halimeter values; and the results of three clinical tests, plaque control record (plcr), plaque index (pli), and to ... | 2010 | 20155507 |
| microbial risk markers for childhood caries in pediatricians' offices. | dental caries in pre-school children has significant public health and health disparity implications. to determine microbial risk markers for this infection, this study aimed to compare the microbiota of children with early childhood caries with that of caries-free children. plaque samples from incisors, molars, and the tongue from 195 children attending pediatricians' offices were assayed by 74 dna probes and by pcr to streptococcus mutans. caries-associated factors included visible plaque, chi ... | 2010 | 20164496 |
| inactivation of a putative flagellar motor switch protein flig1 prevents borrelia burgdorferi from swimming in highly viscous media and blocks its infectivity. | the flagellar motor switch complex protein flig plays an essential role in flagella biosynthesis and motility. in most motile bacteria, only one flig homologue is present in the genome. however, several spirochete species have two putative flig genes (referred to as flig1 and flig2) and their roles in flagella assembly and motility remain unknown. in this report, the lyme disease spirochete borrelia burgdorferi was used as a genetic model to investigate the roles of these two flig homologues. it ... | 2010 | 20180908 |
| filifactor alocis--involvement in periodontal biofilms. | bacteria in periodontal pockets develop complex sessile communities that attach to the tooth surface. these highly dynamic microfloral environments challenge both clinicians and researchers alike. the exploration of structural organisation and bacterial interactions within these biofilms is critically important for a thorough understanding of periodontal disease. in recent years, filifactor alocis, a fastidious, gram-positive, obligately anaerobic rod was repeatedly identified in periodontal les ... | 2010 | 20193074 |
| evolution and multifarious horizontal transfer of an alternative biosynthetic pathway for the alternative polyamine sym-homospermidine. | polyamines are small flexible organic polycations found in almost all cells. they likely existed in the last universal common ancestor of all extant life, and yet relatively little is understood about their biological function, especially in bacteria and archaea. unlike eukaryotes, where the predominant polyamine is spermidine, bacteria may contain instead an alternative polyamine, sym-homospermidine. we demonstrate that homospermidine synthase (hss) has evolved vertically, primarily in the alph ... | 2010 | 20194510 |
| virulence and immunomodulatory roles of bacterial outer membrane vesicles. | outer membrane (om) vesicles are ubiquitously produced by gram-negative bacteria during all stages of bacterial growth. om vesicles are naturally secreted by both pathogenic and nonpathogenic bacteria. strong experimental evidence exists to categorize om vesicle production as a type of gram-negative bacterial virulence factor. a growing body of data demonstrates an association of active virulence factors and toxins with vesicles, suggesting that they play a role in pathogenesis. one of the most ... | 2010 | 20197500 |
| killing of treponema denticola by mouse peritoneal macrophages. | treponema denticola has been identified as an important cause of periodontal disease and hypothesized to be involved in extra-oral infections. the objective of this study was to investigate the role of t. denticola cell length and motility during mouse peritoneal macrophages in vitro uptake. macrophages, incubated under aerobic and anaerobic conditions, produced a similar amount of tnf-alpha when stimulated with escherichia coli lps. the uptake of flge- and cfpa-deficient mutants of t. denticola ... | 2010 | 20200417 |
| treponema denticola suppresses expression of human beta-defensin-2 in gingival epithelial cells through inhibition of tnfalpha production and tlr2 activation. | we previously reported that treponema denticola, a periodontal pathogen, suppressed the expression of human beta-defensins (hbds) and il-8 in human gingival epithelial cells. to clarify the receptor(s) involved in the suppression of hbd-2, immortalized gingival epithelial (hok-16b) cells were infected with live or heat-killed t. denticola for 24 h, and the expression of hbd-2 was examined by real-time rt-pcr. live t. denticola, but not heat-killed bacteria, suppressed the expression of hbd-2 abo ... | 2010 | 20213311 |
| efficacy of amoxicillin and metronidazole combination for the management of generalized aggressive periodontitis. | the aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of metronidazole-amoxicillin combination on clinical and microbiologic parameters in patients with generalized aggressive periodontitis. | 2010 | 20214441 |
| binding and activation of host plasminogen on the surface of francisella tularensis. | francisella tularensis (ft) is a gram-negative facultative intracellular coccobacillus and is the causal agent of a life-threatening zoonotic disease known as tularemia. although ft preferentially infects phagocytic cells of the host, recent evidence suggests that a significant number of bacteria can be found extracellularly in the plasma fraction of the blood during active infection. this observation suggests that the interaction between ft and host plasma components may play an important role ... | 2010 | 20226053 |
| relationship between oral malodor and the global composition of indigenous bacterial populations in saliva. | oral malodor develops mostly from the metabolic activities of indigenous bacterial populations within the oral cavity, but whether healthy or oral malodor-related patterns of the global bacterial composition exist remains unclear. in this study, the bacterial compositions in the saliva of 240 subjects complaining of oral malodor were divided into groups based on terminal-restriction fragment length polymorphism (t-rflp) profiles using hierarchical cluster analysis, and the patterns of the microb ... | 2010 | 20228112 |
| cyr61 mediates hepatocyte growth factor-dependent tumor cell growth, migration, and akt activation. | certain tumor cell responses to the growth factor-inducible early response gene product ccn1/cyr61 overlap with those induced by the hepatocyte growth factor (hgf)/c-met signaling pathway. in this study, we investigate if cyr61 is a downstream effector of hgf/c-met pathway activation in human glioma cells. a semiquantitative immunohistochemical analysis of 112 human glioma and normal brain specimens showed that levels of tumor-associated cyr61 protein correlate with tumor grade (p < 0.001) and w ... | 2010 | 20233866 |
| broad specificity ahpc-like peroxiredoxin and its thioredoxin reductant in the sparse antioxidant defense system of treponema pallidum. | little is known about the mechanisms by which treponema pallidum (tp), the causative agent of syphilis, copes with oxidative stress as it establishes persistent infection within its obligate human host. the tp genomic sequence indicates that the bacterium's antioxidant defenses do not include glutathione and are limited to just a few proteins, with only one, tp0509, offering direct defense against peroxides. although this tp peroxiredoxin (prx) closely resembles ahpc-like prxs, tp lacks ahpf, th ... | 2010 | 20304799 |
| differential regulation of the multiple flagellins in spirochetes. | the expression of flagellin genes in most bacteria is typically regulated by the flagellum-specific sigma(28) factor flia, and an anti-sigma(28) factor, flgm. however, the regulatory hierarchy in several bacteria that have multiple flagellins is more complex. in these bacteria, the flagellin genes are often transcribed by at least two different sigma factors. the flagellar filament in spirochetes consists of one to three flab core proteins and at least one flaa sheath protein. here, the genetica ... | 2010 | 20304988 |
| forces that influence the evolution of codon bias. | the frequencies of alternative synonymous codons vary both among species and among genes from the same genome. these patterns have been inferred to reflect the action of natural selection. here we evaluate this in bacteria. while intragenomic variation in many species is consistent with selection favouring translationally optimal codons, much of the variation among species appears to be due to biased patterns of mutation. the strength of selection on codon usage can be estimated by two different ... | 2010 | 20308095 |
| a metaproteomic analysis of the human salivary microbiota by three-dimensional peptide fractionation and tandem mass spectrometry. | metagenomics uses gene expression patterns to understand the taxonomy and metabolic activities of microbial communities. metaproteomics applies the same approach to community proteomes. previously, we used a novel three-dimensional peptide separation method to identify over 2000 salivary proteins. this study used those data to carry out the first metaproteomic analysis of the human salivary microbiota. the metagenomic software megan generated a phylogenetic tree, which was checked against the hu ... | 2010 | 20331792 |
| synergistic effects of lipopolysaccharides from periodontopathic bacteria on pro-inflammatory cytokine production in an ex vivo whole blood model. | porphyromonas gingivalis, treponema denticola, and tannerella forsythia have been strongly associated with chronic periodontitis. this disease is characterized by an accumulation of inflammatory cells in periodontal tissue and subgingival sites. the secretion of high levels of inflammatory cytokines by those cells is believed to contribute to periodontal tissue destruction. the aim of this study was to investigate the inflammatory response of whole blood from periodontitis patients following cha ... | 2010 | 20331798 |
| supernatants from oral epithelial cells and gingival fibroblasts modulate human immunodeficiency virus type 1 promoter activation induced by periodontopathogens in monocytes/macrophages. | bacterial and host cell products during coinfections of human immunodeficiency virus type 1-positive (hiv-1(+)) patients regulate hiv-1 recrudescence in latently infected cells (e.g. t cells, monocytes/macrophages), impacting highly active antiretroviral therapy (haart) failure and progression of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. a high frequency of oral opportunistic infections (e.g. periodontitis) in hiv-1(+) patients has been demonstrated; however, their potential to impact hiv-1 exacerbati ... | 2010 | 20331801 |
| bacterial diversity in the oral cavity of 10 healthy individuals. | the composition of the oral microbiota from 10 individuals with healthy oral tissues was determined using culture-independent techniques. from each individual, 26 specimens, each from different oral sites at a single point in time, were collected and pooled. an 11th pool was constructed using portions of the subgingival specimens from all 10 individuals. the 16s ribosomal rna gene was amplified using broad-range bacterial primers, and clone libraries from the individual and subgingival pools wer ... | 2010 | 20336157 |
| do elderly edentulous patients with a history of periodontitis harbor periodontal pathogens? | the presence of periodontal pathogens in the oral cavity may impact implant survival. therefore, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of campylobacter rectus, porphyromonas gingivalis, aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, prevotella intermedia, tannerella forsythia, treponema denticola, eikenella corrodens and parvimonas micra in a specific elderly population with a history of periodontitis who have never worn dentures. | 2010 | 20337663 |
| immune response to cytolethal distending toxin of aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans in periodontitis patients. | cytolethal distending toxin (cdt) is a genotoxin produced by aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. in spite of its association with pathogenesis, little is known about the humoral immune response against the cdt. this study aimed to test whether subgingival colonization and humoral response to a. actinomycetemcomitans would lead to a response against cdt. | 2010 | 20337882 |
| major surface protein complex of treponema denticola induces the production of tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-1 beta, interleukin-6 and matrix metalloproteinase 9 by primary human peripheral blood monocytes. | treponema denticola is a micro-organism that is involved in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. major surface protein complex (mspc), which is expressed on the envelope of this treponeme, plays a key role in the interaction between t. denticola and gingival cells. the peptidoglycan extracted from t. denticola induces the production of a large variety of inflammatory mediators by macrophage-like cells, suggesting that individual components of t. denticola cells induce the inflammatory response dur ... | 2010 | 20337896 |
| the analysis of oral microbial communities of wild-type and toll-like receptor 2-deficient mice using a 454 gs flx titanium pyrosequencer. | although mice have long served as an animal model for periodontitis, information on the composition of their indigenous oral microbiota is limited. the aim of the current study was to characterize mouse oral bacterial flora by applying extensive parallel pyrosequencing using the latest model pyrosequencer, a roche/454 genome sequencer flx titanium. in addition, the effect of toll-like receptor (tlr) 2 deficiency on oral microbiota was evaluated. | 2010 | 20370919 |
| use of luminescent leptospira interrogans for enumeration in biological assays. | rapid and reliable in vitro methods for the detection of pathogenic leptospires, such as leptospira interrogans, are lacking. the present study investigated the use of luminescence to replace the existing enumeration techniques. transposon tnsc189 was modified to incorporate the luxcdabe cassette from photorhabdus luminescens and was used to construct luminescent leptospira spp. there was a linear relationship between luminescence and cell number, with the theoretical detection limit being less ... | 2010 | 20375235 |
| mixture of periodontopathogenic bacteria influences interaction with kb cells. | the purpose of this study was to investigate the adhesion and invasion of periodontopathogenic bacteria in varied mixed infections and the release of interleukins from an epithelial cell line (kb cells). | 2010 | 20380884 |
| a highly selective oligopeptide binding protein from the archaeon sulfolobus solfataricus. | sso1273 of sulfolobus solfataricus was identified as a cell surface-bound protein by a proteomics approach. sequence inspection of the genome revealed that the open reading frame of sso1273 is associated in an operon-like structure with genes encoding all the remaining components of a canonical protein-dependent atp-binding cassette (abc) transporter. sso1273 gene expression and sso1273 protein accumulation on the cell surface were demonstrated to be strongly induced by the addition of a peptide ... | 2010 | 20382765 |
| fam5c contributes to aggressive periodontitis. | aggressive periodontitis is characterized by a rapid and severe periodontal destruction in young systemically healthy subjects. a greater prevalence is reported in africans and african descendent groups than in caucasians and hispanics. we first fine mapped the interval 1q24.2 to 1q31.3 suggested as containing an aggressive periodontitis locus. three hundred and eighty-nine subjects from 55 pedigrees were studied. saliva samples were collected from all subjects, and dna was extracted. twenty-one ... | 2010 | 20383335 |
| cleavage of iggs by proteases associated with invasive diseases: an evasion tactic against host immunity? | the effective functioning of immunoglobulins and igg mabs in removing pathological cells requires that the antigen binding regions and the fc (effector) domain act in concert. the hinge region that connects these domains itself presents motifs that engage fc receptors on immune effector cells to achieve cell lysis. in addition, sequences in the lower hinge/ch2 and further down the ch2 region are involved in c1q binding and complement-mediated cell killing. proteolytic enzymes of little relevance ... | 2010 | 20400859 |
| response of subgingival bacteria to smoking cessation. | it has been demonstrated that smoking cessation alters the subgingival microbial profile; however, the response of individual bacteria within this ecosystem has not been well studied. the aim of this investigation, therefore, was to longitudinally examine the effect of smoking cessation on the prevalence and levels of selected subgingival bacteria using molecular approaches for bacterial identification and enumeration. subgingival plaque was collected from 22 smokers at the baseline and 12 month ... | 2010 | 20410352 |
| periodontal disease-associated micro-organisms in peri-menopausal and post-menopausal women using or not using hormone replacement therapy. a two-year follow-up study. | despite conflicting results on the use of hormone replacement therapy (hrt) there is no doubt that many women benefit from it. women using hrt are known to be more health conscious in general with putative positive implications in the mouth. however, we observed recently in our cohort hardly any difference in oral health status between hrt-users and non-users. there are only a few studies about hrt and oral microbiota. we hypothesized that counts of periodontal micro-organisms are lower in healt ... | 2010 | 20429938 |
| treponema denticola prcb is required for expression and activity of the prca-prtp (dentilisin) complex. | the treponema denticola surface protease complex, consisting of prtp protease (dentilisin) and two auxiliary polypeptides (prca1 and prca2), is believed to contribute to periodontal disease by degrading extracellular matrix components and disrupting host intercellular signaling. previously, we showed that transcription of the protease operon initiates upstream of tde0760 (herein designated prcb), the open reading frame immediately 5' of prca-prtp. the prcb gene is conserved in t. denticola strai ... | 2010 | 20435733 |
| secreted aspergillus fumigatus protease alp1 degrades human complement proteins c3, c4, and c5. | the opportunistic human pathogenic fungus aspergillus fumigatus is a major cause of fungal infections in immunocompromised patients. innate immunity plays an important role in the defense against infections. the complement system represents an essential part of the innate immune system. this cascade system is activated on the surface of a. fumigatus conidia and hyphae and enhances phagocytosis of conidia. a. fumigatus conidia but not hyphae bind to their surface host complement regulators factor ... | 2010 | 20498262 |
| peptidylarginine deiminase from porphyromonas gingivalis citrullinates human fibrinogen and α-enolase: implications for autoimmunity in rheumatoid arthritis. | to investigate protein citrullination by the periodontal pathogen porphyromonas gingivalis as a potential mechanism for breaking tolerance to citrullinated proteins in rheumatoid arthritis (ra). | 2010 | 20506214 |
| the recolonization hypothesis in a full-mouth or multiple-session treatment protocol: a blinded, randomized clinical trial. | to test recolonization of periodontal lesions after full-mouth scaling and root planing (fm-srp) or multiple session-srp (ms-srp) in a randomized clinical trial and whether fm-srp and ms-srp result in different clinical outcomes. | 2010 | 20507375 |
| structural and enzymatic insights into the atp binding and autophosphorylation mechanism of a sensor histidine kinase. | desk is a sensor histidine kinase (hk) that allows bacillus subtilis to respond to cold shock, triggering the adaptation of membrane fluidity via transcriptional control of a fatty acid desaturase. it belongs to the hk family hpk7, which includes the nitrogen metabolism regulators narx/q and the antibiotic sensor lias among other important sensor kinases. structural information on different hk families is still scarce and several questions remain, particularly concerning the molecular features t ... | 2010 | 20507988 |
| peptidoglycan crosslinking relaxation promotes helicobacter pylori's helical shape and stomach colonization. | the mechanisms by which bacterial cells generate helical cell shape and its functional role are poorly understood. helical shape of the human pathogen helicobacter pylori may facilitate penetration of the thick gastric mucus where it replicates. we identified four genes required for helical shape: three lytm peptidoglycan endopeptidase homologs (csd1-3) and a ccma homolog. surrounding the cytoplasmic membrane of most bacteria, the peptidoglycan (murein) sacculus is a meshwork of glycan strands j ... | 2010 | 20510929 |
| periodontitis: a polymicrobial disruption of host homeostasis. | periodontitis, or gum disease, affects millions of people each year. although it is associated with a defined microbial composition found on the surface of the tooth and tooth root, the contribution of bacteria to disease progression is poorly understood. commensal bacteria probably induce a protective response that prevents the host from developing disease. however, several bacterial species found in plaque (the 'red-complex' bacteria: porphyromonas gingivalis, tannerella forsythia and treponem ... | 2010 | 20514045 |
| bacterial and human peptidylarginine deiminases: targets for inhibiting the autoimmune response in rheumatoid arthritis? | peptidylarginine deiminases (pads) convert arginine within a peptide (peptidylarginine) into peptidylcitrulline. citrullination by human pads is important in normal physiology and inflammation. porphyromonas gingivalis, a major pathogen in periodontitis, is the only prokaryote described to possess pad. p. gingivalis infection may generate citrullinated peptides, which trigger anti-citrullinated peptide antibodies. in susceptible individuals, host protein citrullination by human pads in the joint ... | 2010 | 20553633 |
| in vitro identification of novel plasminogen-binding receptors of the pathogen leptospira interrogans. | leptospirosis is a multisystem disease caused by pathogenic strains of the genus leptospira. we have reported that leptospira are able to bind plasminogen (plg), to generate active plasmin in the presence of activator, and to degrade purified extracellular matrix fibronectin. | 2010 | 20582320 |
| porphyromonas gingivalis and treponema denticola mixed microbial infection in a rat model of periodontal disease. | porphyromonas gingivalis and treponema denticola are periodontal pathogens that express virulence factors associated with the pathogenesis of periodontitis. in this paper we tested the hypothesis that p. gingivalis and t. denticola are synergistic in terms of virulence; using a model of mixed microbial infection in rats. groups of rats were orally infected with either p. gingivalis or t. denticola or mixed microbial infections for 7 and 12 weeks. p. gingivalis genomic dna was detected more frequ ... | 2010 | 20592756 |
| regt can modulate gingipain activity and response to oxidative stress in porphyromonas gingivalis. | recombinant vima protein can interact with the gingipains and several other proteins that may play a role in its biogenesis in porphyromonas gingivalis. in silico analysis of pg2096, a hypothetical protein that was shown to interact with vima, suggests that it may have environmental stress resistance properties. to further evaluate the role(s) of pg2096, the predicted open reading frame was pcr amplified from p. gingivalis w83 and insertionally inactivated using the ermf-ermam antibiotic-resista ... | 2010 | 20595264 |
| complement and periodontitis. | although the complement system is centrally involved in host defense, its overactivation or deregulation (e.g., due to inherent host genetic defects or due to pathogen subversion) may excessively amplify inflammation and contribute to immunopathology. periodontitis is an oral infection-driven chronic inflammatory disease which exerts a systemic impact on health. this paper reviews evidence linking complement to periodontal inflammation and pathogenesis. clinical and histological observations sho ... | 2010 | 20599785 |
| the hpk2-rrp2 two-component regulatory system of treponema denticola: a potential regulator of environmental and adaptive responses. | treponema denticola levels in the gingival crevice become elevated as periodontal disease develops. oral treponemes may account for as much as 40% of the total bacterial population in the periodontal pocket. the stimuli that trigger enhanced growth of t. denticola, and the mechanisms associated with the transmission of these signals, remain to be defined. we hypothesize that the t. denticola open reading frames tde1970 (histidine kinase) and tde1969 (response regulator) constitute a functional t ... | 2010 | 20618698 |
| molecular characterization of treponema denticola infection-induced bone and soft tissue transcriptional profiles. | treponema denticola is associated with subgingival biofilms in adult periodontitis and with acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis. however, the molecular mechanisms by which t. denticola impacts periodontal inflammation and alveolar bone resorption remain unclear. here, we examined changes in the host transcriptional profiles during a t. denticola infection using a murine calvarial model of inflammation and bone resorption. t. denticola was injected into the subcutaneous soft tissue over the c ... | 2010 | 20618700 |
| differential host response to lps variants in amniochorion and the tlr4/md-2 system in macaca nemestrina. | microbial-specific factors are likely critical in determining whether bacteria trigger preterm labor. structural variations in lipopolysaccharide (lps), a component of gram-negative bacteria, can determine whether lps has an inflammatory (agonist) or anti-inflammatory (antagonist) effect through toll-like receptor 4 (tlr4). our objective was to determine whether amniochorion could discriminate between lps variants in a nonhuman primate model. we also cloned macaca nemestrina tlr4 and md-2 and co ... | 2010 | 20619890 |