| influenza. | | 1995 | 7577431 |
| prenatal exposure to influenza epidemics and risk of mental retardation. | this study was undertaken to determine whether prenatal exposure to influenza epidemics increases the risk of mental handicap. the monthly birth frequencies of 827 first-admission individuals (mean age at admission 13 years) with a primary diagnosis of non-specific mental retardation, discharged from psychiatric hospitals in england and wales, were examined in relation to the monthly death rates from influenza over the period 1953-1980. the relative risk of developing mental handicap when expose ... | 1995 | 7578289 |
| spatial heterogeneity, nonlinear dynamics and chaos in infectious diseases. | there is currently considerable interest in the role of nonlinear phenomena in the population dynamics of infectious diseases. childhood diseases such as measles are particularly well documented dynamically, and have recently been the subject of analyses (of both models and notification data) to establish whether the pattern of epidemics is chaotic. though the spatial dynamics of measles have also been extensively studied, spatial and nonlinear dynamics have only recently been brought together. ... | 1995 | 7582203 |
| do patients need to remain in bed following embryo transfer? the birmingham experience of 103 in-vitro fertilization cycles with no bed rest following embryo transfer. | since the early days of human in-vitro fertilization and embryo transfer, rest in bed for hours immediately following the transfer has been advocated and widely practised. however, there is no scientific validation for this practice which is both time-consuming for the patient and increases space occupancy in the hospital or clinic. we report here on a study of 103 in-vitro fertilization cycles with no bed rest in hospital following the embryo transfer. the mean number of embryos transferred was ... | 1995 | 7593509 |
| development of an elisa to detect mx virus, a human calicivirus in the snow mountain agent genogroup. | mx virus is a snow mountain agent (sma) genogroup human calicivirus (hucv) identified in a mexican child with diarrhoea. an elisa using hyperimmune antisera to the recombinant mx virus (rmx) capsid was developed to detect sma genogroup hucvs in stool specimens. the rmx elisa detected the prototype mx virus, sma, and hawaii agent (ha), but not norwalk virus (nv) or sapporo virus. twenty-three diarrhoea stool specimens from children attending day care centres in norfolk, virginia, were positive by ... | 1995 | 7595381 |
| escherichia coli o157 infection associated with a farm visitor centre. | during the summer of 1994, four cases of bloody diarrhoea and/or haemolytic uraemic syndrome were reported to the consultants in communicable disease control in nottingham and leicester. one case was an adult, and there were three children aged 2 to 4 years. the initial investigation failed to reveal any common foodstuff as the cause of the outbreak, but all four cases had attended a farm visitor centre in leicestershire in the three weeks before they became ill. a further three cases were found ... | 1995 | 7606276 |
| the paul kallós memorial lecture. from slow-reacting substance of anaphylaxis to leukotriene c4 synthase. | the hypothesis of 35 years ago that slowreacting substance of anaphylaxis would prove to be a pathobiologic mediator of reversible airway disease in the human has been validated. the multidisciplinary approach required to achieve this goal has been particularly prominent and consistent for the entire period in the program described in this presentation. | 1995 | 7613129 |
| stroke patients' views on their admission to hospital. | to explore which components of care were valued by patients admitted to hospital following a stroke. | 1995 | 7613315 |
| genetic linkage analysis in hereditary non-polyposis colon cancer syndrome. | hereditary non-polyposis colon cancer syndrome (hnpcc) is the most common cause of familial colorectal cancer. molecular genetic studies of hnpcc have shown evidence of locus heterogeneity, and mutations in four genes (hmsh2, hmlh1, hpms1, and hpms2) which encode components of the mismatch enzyme repair system may cause hnpcc. to determine the extent and nature of locus heterogeneity in hnpcc, we performed genetic linkage studies in 14 hnpcc families from eastern and north-western england. linka ... | 1995 | 7616541 |
| man behind the instrument. moynihan, berkeley george andrew (1865-1936). | | 1994 | 7633064 |
| man behind the instrument (9). mcindoe, archibald hector (1900-1960). | | 1994 | 7633089 |
| combined clinical and virological surveillance of influenza in winters of 1992 and 1993-4. | | 1995 | 7633235 |
| influenza types and patient population. | | 1995 | 7637520 |
| cryptosporidiosis reservoir in wild brown rats (rattus norvegicus) in the uk. | rats (n = 73) were trapped from nine rural farms around oxfordshire and faeces were examined using the auramine-phenol and the modified ziehl-neelsen techniques. cryptosporidium parvum oocysts were detected in the faeces from 46 (63%) rats. this suggests that wild rats represent a risk to human and livestock health through the carriage and transmission of this zoonotic protozoan. | 1995 | 7641834 |
| detecting deletions in the critical region for lissencephaly on 17p13.3 using fluorescent in situ hybridisation and a pcr assay identifying a dinucleotide repeat polymorphism. | during a study of lissencephaly in england and wales, 23 children were identified with this diagnosis. they were classified as follows: three children had miller-dieker syndrome (mds), 13 had isolated lissencephaly sequence (ils), two had type ii lissencephaly, and five children were reclassified as focal or diffuse cortical dysplasia. microdeletions of chromosome 17p13.3, also known as the miller-dieker critical region, have been associated with both mds and ils. we used the commercially availa ... | 1995 | 7643355 |
| a survey of semen donation: phase ii--the view of the donors. | this report presents the findings of phase ii of the survey of semen donation commissioned by the human fertilization and embryology authority (hfea), the purpose of which was to obtain information about the motivations and attitudes of semen donors in comparison with a matched group of non-donors. a total of 14 centres licensed by the hfea to conduct donor insemination participated in the investigation. at each centre, all men who attended for their first or second appointment between 1st novem ... | 1995 | 7650150 |
| review of the organized support network for infertility patients in licensed units in the uk. | in acknowledging that 'counselling is generally recognized as beneficial', the human fertilization and embryology authority (hfea) code of practice requires that all infertility units provide counselling facilities to be available for patients. in this study, we intended to evaluate the support and counselling services made available by the licensed units in the uk. a questionnaire consisting of 30 questions was designed and sent to every licensed treatment unit in the uk. the data were coded on ... | 1995 | 7650151 |
| reduction in mortality associated with influenza vaccine during 1989-90 epidemic. | influenza epidemics are associated with excess winter mortality. risk factors for influenza complications and death include chronic illness and living in residential care. in the uk uptake of influenza vaccine among high-risk groups is only 10-40%, partly because of scepticism about vaccine efficacy. we have assessed the efficacy of influenza vaccine in reducing mortality from certified influenza by a case-control study of subjects aged 16 years or older who died between nov 4, 1989, and feb 23, ... | 1995 | 7651002 |
| salmonella in humans, england and wales: quarterly report. | | 1995 | 7663609 |
| suicide deaths in england and wales, 1982-92: the contribution of occupation and geography. | following two previous articles which described changes that are occurring in suicide rates and trends in factors known to be associated with suicides, this article examines in greater depth the effect of occupation and geography on suicide mortality. for both men and women the highest risk occupations are mostly in social class i or ii. the occupations at highest risk, which include several medical-related professions, and the method of suicide they choose, suggest that easy access to means of ... | 1995 | 7664129 |
| absence of cystic fibrosis mutations in a large asian population sample and occurrence of a homozygous s549n mutation in an inbred pakistani family. | the occurrence of cystic fibrosis is very rare in the asian population. carriers of the mutations most commonly found in caucasians were not detected in a large asian population sample of almost 900 chromosomes. however, an affected pakistani child born to consanguineous parents was further investigated and shown to be homozygous for the mutation s549n (g-->a). molecular and clinical data are presented which may improve our understanding of the phenotypic effects of the s549n mutation in the cft ... | 1993 | 7680378 |
| an economic appraisal of alternative pre-natal screening programmes for down's syndrome. | the objective of this study was to evaluate economically a screening programme within the oxford regional health authority for down's syndrome, based on maternal serum alpha fetoprotein, unconjugated oestriol and human chorionic gonadotrophin as well as maternal age (the triple test) against maternal age alone. the design of the study involved cost-effectiveness analysis of the triple test relative to the maternal age screening programme, and the main outcome measure was the cost per down's birt ... | 1993 | 7688977 |
| low risk of sexual transmission of hepatitis c virus. | sexual transmission of hepatitis c virus (hcv) was studied between 104 anti-hcv positive index cases (99 haemophilic men, five women) who have attended the oxford haemophilia centre and 104 (98 female, 6 male) longstanding sexual partners. ninety-one percent of the index cases were hcv rna positive by the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and 56% were anti-human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) positive. three (2.9%) sexual partners (each a female partner of a different hcv rna positive haemophilic ma ... | 1993 | 7689092 |
| assessing the written information given to families prior to their attendance at a child development centre. | this paper describes an analysis of the written information given to parents of pre-school children with developmental delay prior to their attendance at a child development centre. texts were analysed for their readability and human interest, and the usefulness of the information was assessed through consultation with parent consumers. the discussion of the results includes suggestions for staff who are involved in the development of client leaflets and booklets. | 1993 | 7691428 |
| hepatitis c virus: guidance on the risks and current management of occupational exposure. phls hepatitis subcommittee. | hepatitis c virus (hcv) transmission after percutaneous exposure to blood at work has been documented. follow up of health care workers who report significant percutaneous or mucocutaneous exposures to sources that are known to be, or that might be, hcv-infected should include storage of serum from the source (if identifiable) and anti-hcv testing of the blood specimen obtained from the health care worker at six months post-exposure. routine testing of the health care worker's initial post-expos ... | 1993 | 7693137 |
| chlamydial infection of the respiratory tract. | chlamydial infection of the human respiratory tract was first described over 100 years ago, when outbreaks of psittacosis were linked to imported pet birds. the causative organism was identified subsequently as chlamydia psittaci. however, c. pneumoniae, has also been recognised recently as an important cause of human respiratory tract infection. approximately 300 cases of human chlamydial respiratory tract infection are reported to cdsc each year, mainly in adults aged 15 to 44 years. a prospec ... | 1993 | 7693170 |
| active surveillance of hiv infection in the west midlands. | we describe a new active surveillance system for human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection in the west midlands region, a national health service administrative area in central england serving a population of five million. a detailed, confidential dataset is collected on each case of hiv infection identified through laboratory reporting of positive hiv antibody tests. the consultant in communicable disease control in each district health authority responsible for the surveillance of infectiou ... | 1993 | 7693172 |
| little and late--influenza, 1992/93. | | 1993 | 7693181 |
| involvement of multiple cryptococcus neoformans strains in a single episode of cryptococcosis and reinfection with novel strains in recurrent infection demonstrated by random amplification of polymorphic dna and dna fingerprinting. | we compared the abilities of random amplification of polymorphic dna and dna fingerprinting, with oligonucleotide probes, to type five pairs of cryptococcus neoformans clinical isolates recovered from five separate human immunodeficiency virus-positive patients in london, england. the two techniques had comparable discriminatory abilities when applied to these isolates. a total of eight different isolate types were demonstrated in these patients. no isolate type was observed in more than one pat ... | 1995 | 7699075 |
| presence of secretory iga antibodies to an enteric bacterial pathogen in human milk and saliva. | the concept of a common mucosal immune system in man was tested by examining the concurrent presence of specific-secretory iga (siga) antibodies in human milk and saliva from three groups of subjects: 64 sri lankan women living in sri lanka; 20 immigrant asian women living in birmingham (median duration of residence in the united kingdom five years); and 75 caucasian women living in birmingham (controls). enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (elisa) were developed to detect enterotoxigenic escheri ... | 1995 | 7712266 |
| man behind the instrument (12). auacestus, joll cecil (1885-1945). | | 1995 | 7718994 |
| ataxia with isolated vitamin e deficiency is caused by mutations in the alpha-tocopherol transfer protein. | ataxia with isolated vitamin e deficiency (aved) is an autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disease which maps to chromosome 8q13. aved patients have an impaired ability to incorporate alpha-tocopherol into lipoproteins secreted by the liver, a function putatively attributable to the alpha-tocopherol transfer protein (alpha-ttp). here we report the identification of three frame-shift mutations in the alpha ttp gene. a 744dela mutation accounts for 68% of the mutant alleles in the 17 families an ... | 1995 | 7719340 |
| nightingale's spiritual philosophy and its significance for modern nursing. | in her manuscript, suggestions for thought, nightingale attempted to integrate science and mysticism. she wrote that the universe is the incarnation of a divine intelligence that regulates all things through law. for nightingale, the laws of science are the "thoughts of god." because of her deep conviction about universal law, she did not believe in miraculous intervention as an answer to prayer. human beings must discover the laws of god and apply them for health and wholeness. prayer is attuni ... | 1995 | 7721325 |
| biotypes of oral candida albicans isolates in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients from diverse geographic locations. | oral candida albicans isolates from hiv-infected individuals in hong kong, australia, germany and england were characterised using a biotyping system based on enzyme profiles, carbohydrate assimilation patterns and boric acid resistance of the yeasts. a total of 44 biotypes were found amongst the 117 oral c. albicans isolates examined. the major biotype a1r accounted for 17.9% of all isolates while the second commonest biotype was a1s (11.1% of isolates). whereas these two biotypes were isolated ... | 1995 | 7722918 |
| canine atopic disease: the prevalence of positive intradermal skin tests at two sites in the north and south of great britain. | results of intradermal skin test responses to the same panel of 53 allergens were compared in 118 dogs with atopic disease presented at two geographical centres, edinburgh (87 cases) and london (31 cases). the allergens most commonly positive at both centres were human dander and dermatophagoides farinae, but positive tests to all of the allergens used occurred in at least one case. the mean number of allergens to which positive tests resulted in atopic dogs was 5.126 (edinburgh) and 5.129 (lond ... | 1995 | 7747407 |
| haplotype analysis of the delta 2642 and (cag)n polymorphisms in the huntington's disease (hd) gene provides an explanation for an apparent 'founder' hd haplotype. | the discovery of the intragenic delta 2642 deletion/insertion polymorphism in the huntington's disease (hd) gene provides a tool to explore hd evolution, as the deletion is rare in normal chromosomes but overrepresented in hd chromosomes. thus, delta 2642 deletion alleles were thought to mark normal chromosomes that are particularly prone to becoming hd chromosomes. we have examined this polymorphism in a range of human and non-human primate populations. our results suggest that the deletion eve ... | 1995 | 7757068 |
| detection and characterisation of bisegmented double-stranded rna viruses (picobirnaviruses) in human faecal specimens. | the prevalence of picobirnaviruses (pbvs) in human stools was investigated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (page) analysis of 832 faecal specimens collected between 1982 and 1993 from patients in various clinical groups. similar prevalences (9-13%) were detected in patients with or without gastroenteritis and throughout the age range of 3 to > 65 years. two methods for the extraction of nucleic acid, a phenol/chloroform method and a guanidinium thiocynate (gtc)/silica method, were compared ... | 1995 | 7775930 |
| sequence variation in the haemagglutinin-neuraminidase gene of human parainfluenza virus type 3 isolates in the uk. | the sequence variation in a 934 base-pair region of the gene encoding the haemagglutinin-neuraminidase of five human parainfluenza virus type 3 (hpiv3) isolates was determined together with that of a prototype uk strain. all of the clinical isolates were from the manchester area of the uk and were obtained in 1990, 1991 and 1993. the gene segment was amplified by the polymerase chain reaction using hpiv3-specific oligonucleotide primers. the nucleotide homology of the strains was high, around 99 ... | 1995 | 7781737 |
| serological studies of influenza viruses in pigs in great britain 1991-2. | samples from a sow serum bank representative of the pig population of great britain collected during 1991-2, were examined for antibodies to influenza a, b and c viruses, using viruses which had been isolated from a variety of hosts. for influenza a viruses there was evidence of the continued circulation of classical swine h1n1 virus (26%) seroprevalence), and human h3n2 viruses (39%) which are antigenically most closely-related to a/port chalmers/1/73 virus. in addition antibodies were detected ... | 1995 | 7781739 |
| associations between human and farm animal infections with salmonella typhimurium dt104 in herefordshire. | reports of human infection with salmonella typhimurium definitive type (dt) 104 have generated considerable interest. we undertook a descriptive study of infections with s. typhimurium dt 104 infection in humans and farm animals in herefordshire between 1991 and 1993. laboratory reports of human salmonellosis, sent to the consultant in communicable disease control, were compared with cases identified using statutory incident reports of salmonella in animals, birds and their products, received fr ... | 1994 | 7787923 |
| schizophrenia risk for women from in utero exposure to influenza. | | 1995 | 7802110 |
| the development of cimetidine: 1964-1976. a human story. | there was still controversy regarding the physiology of acid secretion in 1964 when a team at smith kline & french laboratories in england started a project to prove the existence of more than one receptor for histamine and to find a substance capable of blocking the effects not blocked by the commonly used antihistamines. the team was convinced that histamine was the final mediator of acid secretion. after 8 years, james black and his coworkers published evidence of the first histamine2-recepto ... | 1994 | 7806839 |
| [the man behind the bankart injury. he introduced a new technique for shoulder joint dislocation]. | | 1994 | 7808109 |
| dna repair, sry gene share jeantet prizes. | | 1995 | 7816119 |
| high prevalence of herpes simplex virus type 1 in female anogenital herpes simplex in newcastle upon tyne 1983-92. | this retrospective study was undertaken to evaluate the prevalence of the viral types and temporal epidemiology in patients with ano-genital herpes between 1983-92. one thousand one hundred and thirty-five patients with anogenital herpes were available for analysis. the annual incidence of anogenital herpes nearly tripled over the period of 7 years (1986-92) from 59 to 171 cases. the percentage of hsv-1 infection in female cases (63-79%) was much higher than in other reported studies and remaine ... | 1994 | 7819356 |
| sartorial eloquence: does it exist in the paediatrician-patient relationship? | to evaluate children's and parents' perceptions of hospital doctors' attire. | 1994 | 7819997 |
| iga antibodies in human milk: epidemiological markers of previous infections? | the concept of an enteromammary link in secretory iga (siga) antibody production was tested by hypothesising that specific siga antibody profiles in human milk might be an epidemiological marker for enteropathogens in a community. milk from three subject groups was studied: 64 sri lankan women living in poor suburbs of colombo, 20 asian immigrant women domiciled in birmingham, for a median period of five years (range 14 days-16 years), and 75 white women living in birmingham. an enzyme linked im ... | 1994 | 7820715 |
| mechanisms modifying glucose oxidation in diabetes mellitus. | the glucose fatty acid cycle as formulated 30 years ago and reviewed in the minkowski lecture in 1966 described short term effects of fatty acids (minutes) to decrease uptake, glycolysis and oxidation of glucose in heart and skeletal muscles. such short term effects have since been extended to include inhibition of glucose uptake and glycolysis and stimulation of gluconeogenesis in liver and these effects have also been convincingly demonstrated in man in vivo. more recently a longer term effect ... | 1994 | 7821731 |
| introduction to pandemic influenza through history. | for the past 400 years, epidemics resembling influenza have been recorded in many countries. epidemics from as early as the 16th century in england and the 18th century in the usa are recognizable as influenza, even in the absences of precise knowledge of their causative agents. | 1994 | 7843353 |
| a mathematical model for the european spread of influenza. | following a study modelling the geographical spread of influenza in france, on the basis of population movements through the use of railroad data, we applied the same methodology on a european scale. we simulated an epidemic within a network of 9 european cities (amsterdam, berlin, budapest, copenhagen, london, madrid, milano, paris, stockholm), only taking into account regular between-cities air transport. transportation data were obtained from the international civil aviation organization (199 ... | 1994 | 7843359 |
| the prediction of epidemics of respiratory infection. | experience from 25 years of clinical monitoring of influenza and related illnesses has been considered in relation to the prediction of epidemics of influenza. the monitoring has taken place in a network of sentinel practices in england and wales who report new episodes of illness weekly as they occur. the practice data are aggregated at the birmingham research unit of the royal college of general practitioners and weekly rates per 100,000 population are published in age-specific groups. major e ... | 1994 | 7843362 |
| surveillance of influenza in the united kingdom. pandemic and interpandemic period. | in the united kingdom the morbidity surveillance is carried out by the general practitioner spotter practice schemes (rcgp), the medical officers of schools association (mosa) and the emergency bed service. mortality data is provided weekly by the office of population and censuses and surveys (opcs). phls communicable disease surveillance centre (cdsc) collects all information and publishes the findings weekly in the communicable disease report (cdr). there are 53 public health laboratories situ ... | 1994 | 7843366 |
| john hunter and the natural history of the human teeth: dentistry, digestion, and the living principle. | | 1994 | 7844341 |
| clinical practice and the perceived importance of identifying high risk patients. | the royal free nhs trust is implementing a universal precautions policy for blood and body fluids. anticipating the introduction of this policy, a questionnaire was sent to a sample of staff and students who work with patients or clinical specimens. the questionnaire covered: views about identifying 'high risk' patients and specimens; perceived risks of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and hepatitis b infection from blood exposures; and current practices to avoid exposure to blood. over half t ... | 1994 | 7844346 |
| sequence conservation of the major outer capsid glycoprotein of human group c rotaviruses. | several outbreaks of group c rotavirus infection have occurred in the united kingdom, in one instance infection was associated with the death of a 4-month-old infant in the bristol area. the origin of human group c rotavirus is unknown although there has been some speculation that porcine species may be a possible source of human infection. direct reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction sequencing of vp7 genes from two uk outbreaks (bristol and preston) and sequence analysis from a spora ... | 1994 | 7852957 |
| the "makyng" and re-making of man: 1. mary shelley's frankenstein, and transplant surgery. | | 1994 | 7853300 |
| the makyng and re-making of man: 2. mary shelley, or, the modern pandora, and gene therapy. | | 1994 | 7853301 |
| antibody to herpes simplex virus type 2 as serological marker of sexual lifestyle in populations. | to examine the epidemiology of antibody to herpes simplex virus type 2 and to assess its suitability as a serological marker of sexual behaviour in populations with high and low prevalences. | 1994 | 7866079 |
| hiv and the boundaries of confidentiality. | confidentiality is an acknowledged duty of the nurse. it has foundations in ethics and has some legal force. there is also a more disingenuous reason for citing it as a duty: that it helps a group attain professional status. this may cause an over-zealous attitude towards confidentiality in some professionals. there are legal and ethical limits to confidentiality which can be seen clearly in cases which arise out of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). whilst these make it clear that there are li ... | 1995 | 7897069 |
| hepatitis a antibodies in attenders of london travel clinics: cost-benefit of screening prior to hepatitis a immunisation. | the seroprevalence of hepatitis a antibodies in travellers attending london travel clinics increases with age and screening may eliminate the need for vaccination at present for approximately 40% of adults. the duration of protection by current hepatitis a vaccine(s) is still to be established. | 1994 | 7897370 |
| changes needed to law on mental incapacity. | | 1995 | 7898188 |
| influenza and meningococcal disease. | | 1994 | 7903753 |
| parvovirus b19 outbreak on an adult ward. | in november and december 1992, an outbreak of parvovirus b19 infection occurred among patients and staff on an adult mixed surgical ward at a large hospital in london. three patients and 15 staff members were serologically confirmed as acute cases. the attack rate among susceptible members of staff was 47%. in those infected, arthralgia (80%) and rash (67%) were the most common symptoms. of six susceptible in-patients on the ward, three became infected. one of the in-patients who had carcinoma o ... | 1994 | 7925671 |
| sequence similarity of human caliciviruses and small round structured viruses. | the application of reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) using primers directed to the rna dependent rna polymerase region within orf1 of norwalk virus (nv) showed that 31 percent of morphologically typical human caliciviruses (hucv) and 57% of small round structured viruses (srsvs) produced a product of 470 bp similar to the nv control, nv 8fiia/68/us. alignment of the amino acid sequences of morphologically typical hucvs with previously published sequences for srsvs, nv, and ... | 1994 | 7931187 |
| asylum and the protection of human rights. | there are now some 18.5 million refugees in the world, many more displaced persons within their own country, and the number in both groups is steadily increasing. some of the problems of seeking asylum and providing the resources for the individual needs of displaced persons are considered. small non-governmental agencies such as the ockenden venture have a degree of flexibility which is particularly helpful. the increasing reluctance of all countries to offer asylum makes work in the displaced ... | 1994 | 7935169 |
| regular partners and risky behaviour: why do gay men have unprotected intercourse? | studies in both the uk and the usa continue to show that gay and bisexual men put themselves at risk of exposure to hiv through unprotected intercourse, most often with regular partners. as part of a larger study of homosexually active men, 310 men who had had unprotected anal intercourse with a man in the previous year were asked to describe the last occasion on which this had happened. the majority of men had had unprotected intercourse with a regular partner and did not perceived it as risky, ... | 1994 | 7948089 |
| a 10 year survey of the epidemiology and clinical aspects of listeriosis in a provincial english city. | between january 1983 and december 1992 29 cases of human listeriosis were recorded in bristol, giving an incidence for the decade of 0.35 infections/10(5) population/annum. for those less than a year old the incidence was 5.2/10(5) population/annum and for adults increased from 0.029/10(5)/annum for those aged 20-49 years to 0.65/10(5)/annum for those over 80 years of age. social classes i and ii were over represented in those infected while classes iv and v were under represented when compared ... | 1994 | 7963642 |
| molecules, management and medical outcomes: an international review. | the first major joint conference between the royal college of physicians of london and the american college of physicians was held at the royal college of physicians on 7-8 june 1993. the large enthusiastic audience from the uk and the usa demonstrated the cordiality which exists between the two colleges. the objective of the conference was to further an exchange of ideas about the influence of science and technology upon current and future medical practice. four major areas were chosen for revi ... | 1994 | 7965978 |
| ectoparasite control on sheep farms in england and wales: the method, type and timing of insecticidal treatment. | the chemical control of sheep ectoparasites raises important environmental, health and welfare issues. there is increasing concern about the possible harmful effects of pesticides on human health and the role of dipping in the contamination of natural watercourses. a longitudinal survey was conducted in 1991, the last year of compulsory dipping for the control of sheep scab, to obtain information about the chemical control of ectoparasites on 485 farms in england and wales. organophosphate insec ... | 1994 | 7975072 |
| natural history of trisomy 13. | the poor prognosis of patients with trisomy 13 has long been accepted and has been ascribed to brain and heart malformations. it has been suggested, however, that the long term survival is better than was previously thought and that cardiac surgery may be justified. this population based study reviews the incidence, antenatal diagnosis, spectrum of survival from congenital heart disease, and mode of death for patients with trisomy 13 in the northern health region from 1985 to 1992. there was an ... | 1994 | 7979530 |
| fluoride profiles in different surfaces of human permanent molar enamels from a naturally fluoridated and a non-fluoridated area. | the surfaces, sites and depths of fluoride profiles of enamel from a naturally fluoridated area (west hartlepool, whp, 1.9 parts/10(6) f in drinking water) and a non-fluoridated area (leeds, lds, < 0.1 parts/10(6) f in drinking water) were examined in detail. using a regression curve, y = ax-b, comparisons of fluoride concentrations were made at depths of 1, 3, 5, 10, 20 and 30 microns at occlusal, middle and cervical sites of buccal, lingual, mesial and distal molar enamel surfaces. in the oute ... | 1994 | 7980123 |
| evaluation of an antenatal hiv testing programme in an inner london health district. | to study an antenatal human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) testing programme in an inner london health district. | 1994 | 7999726 |
| further experience of late onset hepatic failure. | | 1993 | 8005629 |
| subacute hepatic failure: unresolved issues. | | 1993 | 8005631 |
| subacute hepatic failure: definition, nomenclature and criteria for diagnosis. | | 1993 | 8005634 |
| local research ethics committees. widely differing responses to a national survey protocol. | the diversity in responses of local research ethics committees (lrecs) is illustrated with reference to consideration of the protocols for a national survey of physical activity, fitness and health in healthy volunteers. the survey included a questionnaire administered in the home, followed by a physical appraisal carried out in a mobile laboratory. the study was eventually approved by the 30 local committees to which it was submitted, but there was marked variation in the type of enquiries rece ... | 1994 | 8006869 |
| the complete sequence of a human astrovirus. | we have determined the complete genomic sequence of human astrovirus serotype 1 isolated in newcastle upon tyne. the genome is 6813 nucleotides long and contains three sequential open reading frames (orfs). the two closest to the 5' end are linked by a ribosomal frameshifting motif and contain sequence motifs indicative of non-structural virus proteins: serine protease and rna-dependent rna polymerase. a nuclear addressing sequence is also located here. the 3' orf encodes the virion structural p ... | 1994 | 8021608 |
| comparison of the effect of fluoride and non-fluoride toothpaste on tooth wear in vitro and the influence of enamel fluoride concentration and hardness of enamel. | the effect of the presence of fluoride in toothpaste on tooth wear was investigated in extracted human premolar teeth collected from two geographic areas with different fluoride concentrations in the public water supply. nine teeth from each area were divided bucco-lingually into matched pairs and subjected to a wear regime in vitro. the regime consisted of 5 minutes immersion in 6% citric acid buffered at ph 3.5, followed by 200 cycles of linear tooth-brushing in a slurry of either a fluoride o ... | 1994 | 8024870 |
| uptake of influenza vaccine. epidemic of 1989-90 improved uptake. | | 1994 | 8038652 |
| apparent increase in the prevalence of herpes simplex virus type 1 genital infections among women. | | 1994 | 8039792 |
| guilty of perpetuating the myth that john hunter suffered from syphilis after inoculating himself from a chancre. | | 1994 | 8042337 |
| the occurrence and seasonal changes in the isolation of listeria spp. in shop bought food stuffs, human faeces, sewage and soil from urban sources. | eight hundred and twenty-two shop-bought food specimens, 136 soil and 692 faecal specimens were cultured for listeria spp. in a regular, year round survey. 19.7% (162/822) of the foods, 93.9% (108/115) of the sewage, 14.7% (20/136) soils and 1% (7/692) of faeces yielded listeria spp. with 10.5% foods, 60.0% sewage, 0.7% soils and 0.6% faeces containing l. monocytogenes. no seasonal variation was noted in isolates from either sewage or foods, with l. monocytogenes and l. innocua being the commone ... | 1994 | 8043351 |
| respiratory symptoms and dust exposure in lancashire cotton and man-made fiber mill operatives. | a cross-sectional study of work-related symptoms and cotton dust exposure was made in 404 man-made fiber and 1,048 cotton operatives in lancashire spinning mills; 39 cotton-exposed operatives (3.7%) had symptoms of byssinosis. this was associated on regression analysis with cumulative lifetime cotton dust exposure (p < 0.001), total years spent carding (p < 0.001), and currently working in the carding area (p = 0.0041). smoking habit did not differ significantly between byssinotic and nonbyssino ... | 1994 | 8049827 |
| domino heart transplantation: the papworth experience. | the use of donor hearts from heart-lung recipients, the so-called domino procedure, began at papworth hospital in november 1988. between then and september 1992, 198 heart transplantations and 86 heart-lung transplantations were performed. fifty-three heart-lung recipients donated their hearts for use in the domino procedure. thirty-two domino hearts were transplanted at papworth and 21 were exported to other centers. institution of the domino procedure allowed us to perform 19% more heart trans ... | 1994 | 8061019 |
| epidemiology of genital herpes. | new serological methods, based on the detection of type-specific antibodies to herpes simplex virus (hsv) glycoproteins, have allowed a reappraisal of the prevalence of genital herpes. during the 1980s, genital herpes continued to be an infection of epidemic proportions in many developed countries. in the usa, although there was evidence of a decline in the age-specific prevalence of hsv type 1 (hsv-1) infection, the seroprevalence of hsv type 2 (hsv-2) has continued to increase. among those att ... | 1994 | 8063020 |
| zoonotic aspects of mycobacterium bovis infection. | the bovine tuberculosis eradication campaigns in many industrially developed countries have led to a huge reduction in the incidence of human tuberculosis caused by mycobacterium bovis. overt disease in man may, however, manifest decades after the initial infection and the occurrence of such disease raises several important questions. in particular, it is important to determine whether man-to-man transmission occurs, thereby rendering man a continuing reservoir of infection, and whether, if this ... | 1994 | 8073621 |
| social, behavioural and medical factors in the aetiology of testicular cancer: results from the uk study. uk testicular cancer study group. | although many risk factors have been proposed for the aetiology of testicular cancer, only a history of cryptorchidism is well established. all risk factors previously suggested have been explored in this study. this population-based case-control study was carried out in nine health regions in england and wales and included 794 men, aged 15-49 years, diagnosed with a testicular germ cell tumour between 1 january 1984 and 30 september 1986, each with an individually age-matched control. cases and ... | 1994 | 8080739 |
| identification of adenoviruses in faeces from patients with diarrhoea at the hospitals for sick children, london, 1989-1992. | faecal samples from 137 patients that had been shown to contain adenoviruses by electron microscopy were identified in a series of enzyme immunoassays (eia) using a single monoclonal antibody (mab) to adenovirus 40 and four different mabs to adenovirus 41. adenoviruses were partially characterised by restriction enzyme analysis (rea) of dna extracts using smai. samples were also run in a commercial eia (adenovirus ideia; dako, ltd.) which detects group antigen. the majority (84%) of adenoviruses ... | 1994 | 8083654 |
| seroprevalence of antibodies to human herpesviruses in england and hong kong. | the age-related prevalence of antibodies to herpesviruses was compared in england and hong kong. altogether 327 sera from england and 266 sera from hong kong were tested for antibodies to herpes simplex virus (hsv), varicella-zoster virus (vzv), epstein-barr virus (ebv), cytomegalovirus (cmv), and human herpesvirus 6 (hhv-6). herpesvirus infections were common in both countries but generally were acquired earlier and were more prevalent in hong kong. over 90% of children in hong kong were infect ... | 1994 | 8083655 |
| establishment of human tissue banks. | mounting interest in europe over the incorporation of the human biological model in the laboratory has been fuelled by scientific advances and the much improved accessibility to human tissue. the collection of tissue is complicated by a host of ethical considerations and lack of public awareness of the benefits of donation to research and education. in the united states, the international institute for the advancement of medicine (iiam) has been successful in networking the cooperation of organ ... | 1994 | 8086227 |
| creutzfeldt-jakob disease and blood transfusion. | epidemiological surveillance of creutzfeldt-jakob disease (cjd) in the uk identified 21 patients who had received a blood transfusion and 29 who had donated blood, out of a total of 202 definite and probable cases. this frequency of blood transfusion or donation did not differ from that in age and sex matched controls, and the clinical features in patients with a history of blood transfusion were similar to those of classical cjd and clearly distinct from cjd in recipients of human growth hormon ... | 1993 | 8093499 |
| genotype analysis of faecal and blood isolates of salmonella dublin from humans in england and wales. | an analysis of genotype was made for representative strains of salmonella dublin. the collection consisted primarily of strains isolated from humans in england and wales, and were of both intestinal and extra-intestinal origin. three genetic elements were characterized by dna hybridization. they were the spvbc genes, extrachromosomal virulence determinants, the salmonella-specific insertion sequence is200, and the 16s ribosomal rna genes, a phylogenetic marker. two clones of s. dublin (sdri and ... | 1993 | 8097167 |
| the clinical spectrum of human hantavirus infection in somerset, uk. | the signs and symptoms exhibited by 29 patients with an acute illness in whom antibodies to hantavirus were detected are described. in the severe cases the most striking signs and symptoms were the persistence for 2 or 3 weeks of a severe sore throat with pyrexia that developed early in the illness, followed by swelling of the face, neck and extremities, with arthropathy and prolonged malaise that lasted for months. a macular erythematous rash, hepatomegaly with abnormal liver function tests, an ... | 1993 | 8102335 |
| lung cancer among newspaper printers exposed to ink mist: a study of trade union members in manchester, england. | a nested case-control study of lung cancer among men exposed to ink mist in newspaper production with rotary letterpress technology is presented. it is based within a historical cohort of 9232 printing workers in manchester (1949-63). men who operated newspaper rotary letterpress machines had a lung cancer standardised mortality ratio (smr) of 179 (95% confidence interval (95% ci) 144-218) when compared with rates for england and wales for the follow up period 1950-83. when adjustment was made f ... | 1994 | 8111469 |
| nerve gas volunteers demand follow-up study. | | 1994 | 8114922 |
| prevalence of human astrovirus serotypes in the oxford region 1976-92, with evidence for two new serotypes. | results of serotyping on 291 astrovirus-positive stools collected between 1976 and 1992 showed that about two-thirds (64.9%) were serotype 1. infections were more frequent in the fourth quarter of the year and there was a suggestion that during the past 5 years serotype 1 has occurred with greater frequency in alternate years. evidence is provided for the existence of two new serotypes, 6 and 7. | 1994 | 8119358 |
| use of plasmid profile typing for surveillance of salmonella enteritidis phage type 4 from humans, poultry and eggs. | plasmids were found in 1022 of 1089 (94%) of drug-sensitive strains of salmonella enteritidis phage type 4 from humans (sporadic and outbreak cases), poultry (chickens) and eggs in england and wales in the 5-year period 1988-92 and 25 plasmid profile patterns were identified. strains characterized by a single plasmid of 38 mda predominated (= plasmid profile type se 38), comprising over 90% of isolates from humans, 70% from poultry and 92% from eggs. eleven profile types were identified in strai ... | 1994 | 8119362 |
| ten-year follow-up of 50 patients with bulimia nervosa. | long-term outcome studies for people suffering from bulimia nervosa are few. ten years after presentation, we followed up 50 patients (49 women, 1 man) who were originally involved in a double-blind, controlled trial of the antidepressant mianserin. standardised interviews and questionnaires were used to assess eating attitudes and behaviour, psychiatric status and social functioning. a dsm-iii-r diagnosis was given where appropriate. sufficient information to make a diagnosis was obtained for 4 ... | 1994 | 8137114 |
| respiratory illness and mortality in england and wales. a study of the relationships between weekly data for the incidence of respiratory disease presenting to general practitioners, and registered deaths. | the possible relationship between the incidence of respiratory diseases as reported to general practitioners and numbers of registered deaths in england and wales has been examined. morbidity data from sentinel practices for the period 1986-1990 (population covered increased from 220,000 to 470,000) were used to calculate weekly rates of aggregated respiratory disease for persons of all ages and for elderly persons (aged 65 years and over). the elderly respiratory disease rates and numbers of de ... | 1993 | 8150058 |
| [valentin rösswurm: on the social history of paracelsism in the 16th century]. | the reactions awakened in his own day by the lithotomist valentin rösswurm were not many but varied. up to now only the controversy about his paracelsus connection has been mentioned in some studies on paracelsian medicine in 16th-century england. nothing has been known so far about the social background of the foreign doctor who came to england from the continent. new documents found in various european archives enable us to reconstruct the career of another disciple of paracelsus who earned hi ... | 1993 | 8153975 |