| a case of acute dacryoadenitis associated with herpes zoster ophthalmicus. | acute dacryoadenitis is an uncommon disease. | 2003 | 12586188 |
| neurological complications of varicella-zoster virus in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients: changes in prevalence and diagnostic utility of polymerase chain reaction in cerebrospinal fluid. | neurological complications caused by varicella-zoster virus (vzv) were diagnosed in 13 human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected patients in our hospital. there was a favorable influence of highly active antiretroviral therapy (haart) in the prevalence of these disorders among acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) patients: since 1996, only 1 of 961 aids patients had vzv neurological disease, compared to 9 of 1088 patients before that year (p =.02). polymerase chain reaction (pcr) detected ... | 2003 | 12587077 |
| a qualitative analysis of a model for the transmission of varicella-zoster virus. | varicella-zoster virus (vzv) is a herpesvirus which is the known agent for causing varicella (chickenpox) in its initial manifestation and zoster (shingles) in a reactivated state. the standard seir compartmental model is modified to include the cycle of shingles acquisition, recovery, and possible reacquisition. the basic reproduction number r(0) shows the influence of the zoster cycle and how shingles can be important in maintaining vzv in populations. the model has the typical threshold behav ... | 2003 | 12591619 |
| [contribution of the laboratory in case of resistance to acyclovir of herpes simplex and varicella zoster virus]. | herpes simplex virus (hsv) and varicella zoster virus (vzv) are susceptible to acyclovir which inhibits viral replication through two viral enzymes, thymidine kinase (tk) and dna polymerase. resistance may occur, it is a rare phenomenon among immunocompetent patients but resistance is more frequent and may be associated with serious complications among immunocompromised patients. virological survey of these at risk patients is needed to detect resistant virus as soon as possible through phenotyp ... | 2003 | 12604384 |
| herpes zoster virus sclerokeratitis and anterior uveitis in a child following varicella vaccination. | to report a case of herpes zoster virus sclerokeratitis with anterior uveitis following vaccination with live attenuated varicella vaccine (oka strain). | 2003 | 12614776 |
| analyses of the transcriptional pattern of glycoproteins e and i of varicella-zoster virus and evidence for a monocistronic transcription. | glycoproteins i and e of the varicella-zoster virus, encoded by the neighbouring open reading frames 67 and 68, are transcribed into several transcript species that differ in size. from gi, three transcripts of 1.65, 2.7, and 3.6 kb are known, and from ge, two transcripts of 2.15 and 3.6 kb in size are known. here, we demonstrate that these various transcript species appear in different amounts at different times post infection. at 12 hr post infection, the transcripts of 1.65 (gi) and 2.15 (ge) ... | 2003 | 12627488 |
| identification of the authentic varicella-zoster virus gb (gene 31) initiating methionine overlapping the 3' end of gene 30. | the varicella-zoster virus (vzv) gb sequence was re-examined in light of recent knowledge about unusually long gb signal peptides in other herpesviral gb homologs. through mutational analysis, the discovery was made that the authentic initiating methionine for vzv gb is a codon beginning at genome nucleotide 56,819. the total length for the vzv gb primary translation product was 931 amino acids (aa) with a 71-aa signal sequence. considering the likely signal sequence cleavage site to be located ... | 2003 | 12627491 |
| varicella-zoster virus isolates, but not the vaccine strain oka, induce sensitivity to alpha-1 and beta-1 adrenergic stimulation of sensory neurones in culture. | the reactivation of varicella-zoster virus (vzv) from its persistent state in sensory neurones causes shingles and induces severe, long-lasting pain and hyperalgesia that often lead to postherpetic neuralgia. to investigate the vzv-induced neuropathic changes, we established conditions for the active infection of sensory neurones from rat dorsal root ganglia in vitro. after 2 days of culture, up to 50% of the cells expressed viral antigens of the immediate-early and late replication phase. the i ... | 2003 | 12627494 |
| comparison of varicella-zoster virus orf47 protein kinase and casein kinase ii and their substrates. | orf47, a serine/threonine protein kinase encoded by varicella-zoster virus (vzv), has often been compared to the ubiquitous cellular kinase, casein kinase ii (ckii). however, no direct comparison of the two protein kinases has been carried out. herein, we show that the orf47 kinase was resistant to heparin, while ckii activity is profoundly inhibited by the acidic molecule in vitro. orf47 required the presence of polyamines (aliphatic, positively-charged molecules) for in vitro activity. when po ... | 2003 | 12627496 |
| development of varicella-zoster virus infection in patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia treated with imatinib mesylate. | infection with varicella-zoster virus (vzv) is an exceptionally rare complication of chronic myelogenous leukemia (cml) without stem cell transplantation. we report 16 patients with cml who developed vzv infection during imatinib mesylate therapy. | 2003 | 12631595 |
| highly potent and selective inhibition of varicella-zoster virus replication by bicyclic furo[2,3-d]pyrimidine nucleoside analogues. | the bicyclic furo[2,3-d]pyrimidine nucleoside analogues represent an entirely new class of fused furopyrimidine derivatives with unprecedented selectivity for varicella-zoster virus (vzv). from extensive structure-activity relationship (sar) studies, the 6-(p-alkylphenyl)substituted furopyrimidine derivatives cf 1742 and cf 1743 emerged as the most potent inhibitors of vzv replication: they were found to inhibit both laboratory vzv strains and clinical vzv isolates at subnanomolar concentrations ... | 2003 | 12647310 |
| analysis of numbers of repeated units in r2 region among varicella-zoster virus strains. | a variable region, r2, on the varicella-zoster virus (vzv) genome contains a repeated 42-bp unit. | 2003 | 12670723 |
| crystal structure of varicella zoster virus thymidine kinase. | herpes virus thymidine kinases are responsible for the activation of nucleoside antiviral drugs including (e)-5-(2-bromovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine. such viral thymidine kinases (tk), beside having a broader substrate specificity compared with host cell enzymes, also show significant variation in nucleoside phosphorylation among themselves. we have determined the crystal structure of varicella zoster virus (vzv, human herpes virus 3) thymidine kinase complexed with (e)-5-(2-bromovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridin ... | 2003 | 12686543 |
| the seroprevalence of varicella zoster antibodies in behçet's and other skin diseases. | the purpose of this study was to investigate the association of the varicella zoster virus (vzv) igg, and igm antibodies with behçet's and other skin diseases (group 1: recurrent aphthos stomatitis, fungal infections, psoriasis; group 2: vitiligo, lichen planus). twenty eight patients with behçet's disease (bd), and 117 patients with dermatological disorders other than bd were evaluated for specific vzv igg and igm antibodies by using a third generation enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). ... | 2003 | 12705629 |
| [a case of ramsay hunt syndrome initiated with hoarseness and dysphagia: consideration on spreading mechanisms of cranial neuropathy]. | a 85-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital because of progressive hoarseness and dysphagia of two days' duration. neurological examination on admission revealed right pharyngeal and vocal cord palsies. after admission, gradual swelling of her right ear was noted, and on day 6, vesicular eruptions in her right geniculate zone, the right vii and the viiith cranial nerve palsies were added. on the basis of these findings, she was diagnosed as ramsay hunt syndrome. varicella zoster virus (vzv) ... | 2002 | 12710084 |
| differentiation of varicella-zoster virus orf47 protein kinase and ie62 protein binding domains and their contributions to replication in human skin xenografts in the scid-hu mouse. | to investigate the role of the orf47 protein kinase of varicella-zoster virus (vzv), we constructed vzv recombinants with targeted mutations in conserved motifs of orf47 and a truncated orf47 and characterized these mutants for replication, phosphorylation, and protein-protein interactions in vitro and for infectivity in human skin xenografts in the scid-hu mouse model in vivo. previous experiments showed that roka47s, a null mutant that makes no orf47 protein, did not replicate in skin in vivo ... | 2003 | 12719588 |
| homology modelling and docking studies on varicella zoster virus thymidine kinase. | thymidine kinase (tk) is the key enzyme in antiviral and suicide gene therapies. while herpes simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase has been widely studied and crystallised less is known on varicella zoster virus thymidine kinase (vzv tk) and its three-dimensional structure. in this paper we report the model of the three-dimensional structure of vzv tk resulting from a homology modelling study. subsequent docking studies of the natural substrate deoxythymidine (dt) and known antiviral drugs were ... | 2003 | 12750029 |
| vaccines for viral diseases with dermatologic manifestations. | vaccines against infectious diseases have been available since the 1800s, when an immunization strategy against smallpox developed by jenner gained wide acceptance. until recently, the only vaccination strategies available involved the use of protein-based, whole killed, and attenuated live virus vaccines. these strategies have led to the development of effective vaccines against a variety of diseases with primary or prominent cutaneous manifestations. effective and safe vaccines now used worldw ... | 2003 | 12757257 |
| the classification of viruses infecting the respiratory tract. | following the boom in respiratory virology in the 1960s, species of rhinoviruses, coronaviruses, enteroviruses, adenoviruses, parainfluenza viruses and respiratory syncytial virus were added to influenza and measles viruses as causes of respiratory tract infection. in restricted patient groups, such as the immunocompromised, members of the family of herpesviruses including herpes simplex, cytomegalovirus, varicella-zoster virus, epstein-barr virus and human herpes virus 6 have also been associat ... | 2003 | 12758044 |
| varicella-zoster virus dna in cells isolated from human trigeminal ganglia. | to determine the type of cell(s) that contain latent varicella-zoster virus (vzv) dna, we prepared pure populations of neurons and satellite cells from trigeminal ganglia of 18 humans who had previously had a vzv infection. vzv dna was present in 34 of 2,226 neurons (1.5%) and in none of 20,700 satellite cells. there was an average of 4.7 (range of 2 to 9) copies of vzv dna per latently infected neuron. latent vzv dna was primarily present in large neurons, whereas the size distribution of herpe ... | 2003 | 12768016 |
| non-hiv antivirals - a review of the recent patent literature. | this review covers the non-hiv antiviral patent literature from december 2001 to april 2002. most of the patent applications describe new compounds for the treatment of hepatitis c virus (hcv) by inhibition of the ns3 serine protease. several examples of both nucleoside and non-nucleoside inhibitors of the hcv polymerase ns5b have been reported. hepatitis b virus (hbv) therapy continues to be dominated by nucleoside analogs, but several non-nucleoside hbv polymerase inhibitors have also been rep ... | 2002 | 12802698 |
| anti-herpesvirus activity of an extract of ribes nigrum l. | an extract of ribes nigrum l., known as blackcurrant in europe and kurokarin(r) in japan, has been used as an ingredient in a variety of foods and folk medicine. in this study, the anti-herpesvirus activity of this extract was examined in vitro. the extract inhibited herpes simplex virus type 1 attachment on the cell membrane completely at a 100-fold dilution, as well as the plaque formation of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2, and varicella-zoster virus by 50% at a 400-fold dilution or lower ... | 2003 | 12820226 |
| skin and subcutaneous infections. | cutaneous infections most commonly are caused by staphylococcus aureus and gabhs. life-threatening complications can occur and are preventable with early diagnosis and specific therapy. dermatophytoses frequently are seen in children and immune-compromised adults with poor hygiene. sporotrichosis and nontuberculous mycobacteria are ubiquitous and can cause indolent granulomatous lesions. vesicular and fleshy lesions are manifestations of cutaneous viral infections due to hsv, varicella-zoster vi ... | 2003 | 12825248 |
| acute retinal necrosis following epidural steroid injections. | to report a side effect of epidural corticosteroid injections for back pain. | 2003 | 12834695 |
| varicella infection in a pediatric aids patient presenting as umbilicated papules. | an 8-year-old girl with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome presented with fever and alteration of consciousness. she had a history of persistent cryptococcal meningitis. she developed multiple discrete umbilicated papules that resembled cutaneous cryptococcosis on the second day of admission. skin biopsy revealed an ulcer with a wedge-shaped necrosis of the dermis. the edge of the ulcer showed intracellular edema, margination of nucleoplasm and multinucleated cells, consistent with herpes infect ... | 2003 | 12931753 |
| electron microscopic studies of the virus of varicella (chicken pox) from monkey serum. | | 1953 | 13038716 |
| [morphology of herpes zoster virus and effect of certain antibiotics, preliminary note]. | | 1953 | 13131909 |
| the etiologic agents of varicella and herpes zoster; isolation, propagation, and cultural characteristics in vitro. | fourteen strains of virus derived from the cutaneous lesions of cases of varicella and eight from patients with herpes zoster were propagated serially in primary explant cultures of human preputial or embryonic skin-muscle tissue. infectious material could not be demonstrated in the fluid phase of infected cultures and inocula for passage therefore consisted of suspensions of infected tissue. such tissue suspensions when stored in the frozen state did not regularly retain infectivity. the cytopa ... | 1958 | 13598816 |
| [new forms of chickenpox viruses]. | | 1959 | 13628779 |
| [isolation of herpes simplex virus from cases of herpetic keratitis by growth in cultures of rabbit kidney]. | | 1959 | 13651408 |
| vaccination of autologous stem cell transplant recipients with live varicella vaccine: a pilot study. | a pilot study of vaccination with live, attenuated varicella vaccine for prevention of zoster was performed in autologous stem cell transplant (sct) recipients. nine patients were vaccinated between 3-4 months after transplantation. the antigen-specific immune response was studied by lymphocyte proliferation. no systemic side effects were seen. one of nine patients developed herpes zoster hz during follow-up. there was a tendency for a strengthened specific immune response after sct ( p=0.12). t ... | 2003 | 13680325 |
| growth of varicella-zoster virus in human thyroid tissue cultures. | | 1963 | 14059057 |
| isolation of herpes zoster virus strains. | | 1963 | 14059905 |
| the nature of herpes zoster. | | 1964 | 14199641 |
| crude tissue culture antigen for determination of varicella-zoster complement fixing antibody. | | 1964 | 14213793 |
| viruses and mammalian chromosomes. 3. effect of herpes zoster virus on human embryonal lung cultures. | | 1964 | 14233492 |
| the nature of herpes zoster: a long-term study and a new hypothesis. | dr hope-simpson presents a study of all cases of herpes zoster occurring in his general practice during a sixteen-year period. the rate was 3.4 per thousand per annum, rising with age, and the distribution of lesions reflected that of the varicella rash.it was found that severity increased with age, but that the condition did not occur in epidemics, and that there was no characteristic seasonal variation. a low prevalence of varicella was usually associated with a high incidence of zoster.dr hop ... | 1965 | 14267505 |
| [studies with the varicella-herpes zoster virus]. | | 1965 | 14272390 |
| herpes zoster house epidemic in steroid-treated patients. a clinical and viral study. | | 1965 | 14330618 |
| severe acute visceral pain from varicella zoster virus. | varicella zoster virus infection often will not present in the characteristic dermatomal distribution of vesicles in patients who have undergone bone marrow transplantation. we cared for a 51-yr-old man with severe abdominal pain after bone marrow transplantation for non-hodgkin's lymphoma. the diagnosis of varicella zoster was not entertained until he developed a diffuse vesicular rash several days after the onset of pain. we report this case to alert others who may be consulted regarding pain ... | 2003 | 14500167 |
| shingles: when a slumbering virus stirs. | | 2003 | 14505966 |
| effects of a behavioral intervention, tai chi chih, on varicella-zoster virus specific immunity and health functioning in older adults. | both the incidence and severity of herpes zoster (shingles) increase markedly with increasing age in association with a decline in varicella-zoster virus (vzv) specific cell-mediated immunity (cmi). this study examined whether a behavioral intervention, tai chi chih (tcc), affects vzv specific immunity and health functioning in older adults who, on average, show impairments of health status and are at risk for shingles. | 2003 | 14508027 |
| oligoclonal immunoglobulins in cerebrospinal fluid during varicella zoster virus (vzv) vasculopathy are directed against vzv. | limited analyses of cerebrospinal fluid from patients with central nervous system infections have shown that the oligoclonal igg is antibody directed against the agent that causes disease. using a new method involving binding of igg to beads coated with lysates prepared from candidate infectious antigens, we showed that the oligoclonal igg in cerebrospinal fluid of a patient with chronic varicella zoster virus vasculopathy is directed against the causative virus. this approach holds promise in i ... | 2003 | 14520657 |
| co-detection and discrimination of six human herpesviruses by multiplex pcr-elaha. | herpesviruses are a significant cause of human morbidity. traditional approaches to the identification of these viruses require infectious or at least antigenic virus. multiplex pcr (mpcr) is capable of simultaneously amplifying a range of targets from a single preparation of nucleic acids and when combined with a suitable detection assay, it is capable of discriminating each of the amplicons. | 2003 | 14522068 |
| clinical potential of the acyclic nucleoside phosphonates cidofovir, adefovir, and tenofovir in treatment of dna virus and retrovirus infections. | the acyclic nucleoside phosphonates hpmpc (cidofovir), pmea (adefovir), and pmpa (tenofovir) have proved to be effective in vitro (cell culture systems) and in vivo (animal models and clinical studies) against a wide variety of dna virus and retrovirus infections: cidofovir against herpesvirus (herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 varicella-zoster virus, cytomegalovirus [cmv], epstein-barr virus, and human herpesviruses 6, 7, and 8), polyomavirus, papillomavirus, adenovirus, and poxvirus (variola ... | 2003 | 14557287 |
| absence of detection of varicella-zoster virus dna in temporal artery biopsies obtained from patients with giant cell arteritis. | it has been suggested that varicella-zoster virus (vzv) may play a role in the pathogenesis of giant cell arteritis (gca). we therefore used both in situ hybridisation and in situ polymerase chain reaction amplification techniques in an attempt to identify vzv dna in 15 temporal arteries from histologically proven gca. we did not detect evidence of vzv dna in the arteries of any of these subjects, nor in temporal arteries obtained from seven normal control subjects. vzv was detected, however, in ... | 2003 | 14568124 |
| new antiviral drugs that target herpesvirus helicase primase enzymes. | herpesviruses have infected the majority of the world's population and the associated diseases have plagued humanity since ancient times. nine causative human herpesviruses have been identified so far. the first antiviral drug was launched in 1962, and since then several drugs for treating herpesvirus infections, which work via different mechanisms, have been developed. current treatments abrogate or suppress disease symptoms but are not curative. a vaccine based on the oka strain of varicella z ... | 2003 | 14577954 |
| requirement of varicella-zoster virus immediate-early 4 protein for viral replication. | varicella-zoster virus (vzv) is an alphaherpesvirus that causes two diseases, chickenpox and zoster. vzv open reading frame 4 (orf4) encodes the immediate-early 4 (ie4) protein, which is conserved among alphaherpesvirus and has transactivation activity in transient transfections. to determine whether the orf4 gene product is essential for viral replication, we used vzv cosmids to remove orf4 from the vzv genome. deleting orf4 was incompatible with recovery of infectious virus, whereas transfecti ... | 2003 | 14581575 |
| synthesis and antiviral activities of 3-aralkylthiomethylimidazo[1,2-b]pyridazine derivatives. | the synthesis of novel substituted 3-aralkylthiomethylimidazo[1,2-b]pyridazines is reported. all of the synthesized compounds are devoid of antiviral activity against the replication of human immunodeficiency virus. however, compounds 6-chloro-8-methyl-3-phenethylthioimidazo[1,2-b]pyridazine and 6-chloro-2-methyl-3-phenethylthioimidazo[1,2-b]pyridazine are potent inhibitors of the replication of human cytomegalovirus in vitro, while compounds 6-chloro-2-methyl-3-benzylthiomethylimidazo[1,2-b]pyr ... | 2003 | 14582846 |
| 5-substituted-2,4-diamino-6-[2-(phosphonomethoxy)ethoxy]pyrimidines-acyclic nucleoside phosphonate analogues with antiviral activity. | 2,4-diamino-6-hydroxypyrimidines substituted in position 5 by an allyl, benzyl, cyanomethyl, ethoxycarbonylmethyl, phenyl, cyclopropyl, or methyl group were prepared either by c5-alkylation or by formation of the pyrimidine ring by cyclization. their alkylation with 2-[(diisopropoxyphosphoryl)methoxy]ethyl tosylate afforded n1- and o6-regioisomers that were separated and converted to the free phosphonic acids by treatment with bromotrimethylsilane followed by hydrolysis. reaction of 2,4-diamino- ... | 2003 | 14584956 |
| decline in varicella-zoster virus (vzv)-specific cell-mediated immunity with increasing age and boosting with a high-dose vzv vaccine. | the safety and immunogenecity of a booster dose of live attenuated varicella-zoster virus (vzv) vaccine was evaluated in 196 healthy subjects, >or=60 years old, who had already received a vzv vaccine >5 years before. this repeat booster dose was well tolerated. cell-mediated immunity (cmi) to vzv was measured by an interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma) enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot-forming cell (elispot) assay and a limiting dilution responder cell frequency (rcf) assay. prevaccination responses decre ... | 2003 | 14593591 |
| superiority of varicella skin test antigen over purified varicella-zoster virus glycoproteins in monitoring booster response to oka varicella vaccine. | varicella skin test antigen has been developed based on the induction of delayed-type hypersensitivity (dth) to varicella-zoster virus (vzv). the booster immune response to oka varicella vaccine was assessed by cutaneous reactivity to purified vzv glycoprotein complexes, gb, ge:gi, gh:gl, and varicella skin test antigen. skin tests with these antigens significantly augmented antibody production to glycoproteins and vzv antigen resulting in no further augmentation by the subsequent vaccination. a ... | 2003 | 14604566 |
| immunogenicity and reactogenicity of a single dose of live attenuated varicella vaccine and a booster dose of measles-mumps-rubella vaccine given concomitantly at 12 years of age. | universal varicella-zoster virus (vzv) childhood vaccination is still debated, but adult chickenpox may be severe. it could be prevented by vaccination of seronegative adolescents. this study aimed to determine the feasibility of coadministration of a vzv vaccine and the measles-mumps-rubella (mmr) booster at 12 y of age. guardians of 1231 12-y-old pupils where asked about the history of chickenpox in their children. 190 had no chickenpox history and 12 of 62 of them lacked vzv antibodies. addit ... | 2003 | 14606613 |
| latent herpesvirus infection in human trigeminal ganglia causes chronic immune response. | the majority of trigeminal ganglia (tgs) are latently infected with alpha-herpesviruses [herpes simplex virus type-1 (hsv-1) and varicella-zoster virus (vzv)]. whereas hsv-1 periodically reactivates in the tgs, vzv reactivates very rarely. the goal of this study was to determine whether herpesvirus latency is linked to a local immune cell infiltration in human tgs. t cells positive for the cd3 and cd8 markers, and cd68-positive macrophages were found in 30 of 42 examined tgs from 21 healthy indi ... | 2003 | 14633592 |
| herpes simplex virus type 1 infection associated with atrial myxoma. | some findings suggest an infectious factor in cardiac myxoma and certain histopathological features indicate herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) infection. we hypothesized that hsv-1 may be involved in the pathogenesis of cardiac myxoma. paraffin-embedded tissue samples from 17 patients with atrial myxoma were investigated for hsv-1 antigen by immunohistochemistry and viral genomic dna by nested polymerase chain reaction. the histogenesis and oncogenesis of atrial myxoma were assessed by the exp ... | 2003 | 14633612 |
| stress-induced subclinical reactivation of varicella zoster virus in astronauts. | varicella zoster virus (vzv) becomes latent in human ganglia after primary infection. vzv reactivation occurs primarily in elderly individuals, organ transplant recipients, and patients with cancer and aids, correlating with a specific decline in cell-mediated immunity to the virus. vzv can also reactivate after surgical stress. the unexpected occurrence of thoracic zoster 2 days before space flight in a 47-year-old healthy astronaut from a pool of 81 physically fit astronauts prompted our searc ... | 2004 | 14635028 |
| how reliable is the history of chickenpox? varicella serology among children up to 14 years of age. | the aim of this study was to assess the seroprevalence of antibodies to varicella-zoster virus (vzv) in children of northern greece and to estimate the reliability of varicella history. | 2003 | 14656418 |
| pathogenetic tropism of varicella-zoster virus to primary human hepatocytes and attenuating tropism of oka varicella vaccine strain to neonatal dermal fibroblasts. | the pathogenesis of varicella-zoster virus (vzv) was characterized by the cell tropism of the original oka and attenuated oka varicella vaccine strains. among the tissue cells examined, vzv replicated best in hepatocytes and second best in lung fibroblasts. the high affinity to hepatocytes and lung fibroblasts might correlate with varicella hepatitis and pneumonia and with autopsy observations of varicella. cell tropism may be important in understanding the pathogenesis of vzv. | 2003 | 14673767 |
| relapsing-remitting, corticosteroid-sensitive, varicella zoster virus optic neuritis. | we report a 13-year-old male who presented with bilateral disc edema after a febrile illness. rapid loss of vision prompted corticosteroids treatment, which reversed the visual loss and optic disc findings. both his visual function and disc edema proved exceedingly sensitive to steroids, and he required increasingly slow and prolonged corticosteroids taper to avoid relapse over a period of 1 year. ultimately, profound visual loss was reversed three times and only after exceptionally slow steroid ... | 2003 | 14684237 |
| varicella-zoster viral meningitis mimicking lymphoma. | we report the case of a 30-year-old hiv-infected man admitted for a meningeal syndrome and a zoster rash. the csf had cytological features suggesting a primary cns lymphoma (pcnsl). the large lymphoid cells had a fine chromatin with nucleoli, a basophilic cytoplasm with azurophilic granules and high mitotic activity. several arguments demonstrated the viral origin of the meningitis: the large lymphoid cells were of t origin with no evidence of clonal tcr gamma gene rearrangement. the pcr was pos ... | 2003 | 14692535 |
| neurological infection. | | 2004 | 14693102 |
| species identification of all eight human herpesviruses with a single nested pcr assay. | there are eight currently known human herpesviruses, all of which are capable of latent persistence and reactivation following primary infection. herpesvirus induced disease is common, widespread, and associated with significant morbidity, particularly in the immunocompromised human host. current methods of herpesvirus detection include viral culture and polymerase chain reaction (pcr). a robust pcr method based upon amplification of the highly conserved herpesvirus dna polymerase gene that is c ... | 2004 | 14715303 |
| cost containment analysis of childhood vaccination against varicella in israel. | the low cost of safe and effective vaccines prompted a cost-containment evaluation of a nationwide vaccination campaign against varicella. | 2004 | 14720487 |
| necrotizing varicella zoster virus folliculitis. | although the usual clinical features of the varicella zoster virus (vzv)-induced lesions are readily recognized, the same virus is also responsible for a series of atypical lesions. a patient is presented with a single large infiltrated plaque on the abdomen. although histology showed a necrotizing folliculitis surrounded by a dense perifollicular inflammatory infiltrate, the clinical presentation was not suggestive of folliculitis. subtle cyto-histological clues for viral infection were suggest ... | 2003 | 14721782 |
| the immediate-early 63 protein of varicella-zoster virus: analysis of functional domains required for replication in vitro and for t-cell and skin tropism in the scidhu model in vivo. | the immediate-early 63-kda (ie63) protein of varicella-zoster virus (vzv) is a phosphoprotein encoded by open reading frame (orf) orf63/orf70. to identify functional domains, 22 orf63 mutations were evaluated for effects on ie63 binding to the major vzv transactivator, ie62, and on ie63 phosphorylation and nuclear localization in transient transfections, and after insertion into the viral genome with vzv cosmids. the ie62 binding site was mapped to ie63 amino acids 55 to 67, with r59/l60 being c ... | 2004 | 14722273 |
| synthesis and antiviral activity of (z)- and (e)-2,2-[bis(hydroxymethyl)cyclopropylidene]methylpurines and -pyrimidines: second-generation methylenecyclopropane analogues of nucleosides. | the second generation of methylenecyclopropane analogues of nucleosides 5a-5i and 6a-6i was synthesized and evaluated for antiviral activity. the 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)methylenecyclopropane (11) was converted to dibromo derivative 7 via acetate 12. alkylation-elimination of adenine (16) with 7 afforded the z/e mixture of acetates 17 + 18, which was deacetylated to give analogues 5a and 6a separated by chromatography. a similar reaction with 2-amino-6-chloropurine (19) afforded acetates 20 + 21 a ... | 2004 | 14736238 |
| detection of herpes simplex virus type 1, herpes simplex virus type 2 and varicella-zoster virus in skin lesions. comparison of real-time pcr, nested pcr and virus isolation. | herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1), herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) and varicella-zoster virus (vzv) cause a wide range of signs and symptoms, varying from trivial mucocutaneous lesions to life-threatening infections, especially in immuno-suppressed patients. since antiviral drugs are available, rapid and sensitive laboratory diagnosis of these virus infections is important. | 2004 | 14747031 |
| [clinical aspects and diagnosis of epstein-barr virus infections]. | | 2002 | 14750257 |
| automated detection of five human herpes virus dnas by a set of lightcycler pcrs complemented with a single multiple internal control. | herpes viruses represent important causes of morbidity and mortality especially in immuno-compromised patients. to assist in rapid diagnosis real-time pcr assays have been developed for the detection of herpes virus dna in patient specimens. a recently described set of real-time pcr assays using lightcycler technology enabled parallel detection of dna from cytomegalovirus (cmv), epstein-barr virus (ebv), herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2 (hsv-1/-2), and varicella-zoster virus (vzv) by using a si ... | 2004 | 14962786 |
| effectiveness over time of varicella vaccine. | reports of outbreaks of varicella in highly immunized groups have increased concern about the effectiveness of varicella vaccine. | 2004 | 14970064 |
| are enterovirus infections a co-factor in sudden hearing loss? | since viral infections are believed to be one of the causes of sudden hearing loss we have used serological assays for herpes simplex virus (hsv), varicella zoster virus (vzv), and enterovirus as well as polymerase chain reaction for enterovirus to test 55 sudden hearing loss patients for viral infections. serological screening of these patients for hsv and vzv failed to reveal significant differences between the patient group and the controls. in contrast, enterovirus sequences were detected by ... | 2004 | 14981765 |
| inactivity of the bicyclic pyrimidine nucleoside analogues against simian varicella virus (svv) does not correlate with their substrate activity for svv-encoded thymidine kinase. | simian varicella virus (svv) and human varicella-zoster virus (vzv) are closely related viruses that share many structural and functional properties. 5-substituted 2'-deoxyuridine derivatives (e.g., bvdu, bvarau) and acyclic guanine nucleoside derivatives (i.e., acv and gcv) show comparable antiviral efficacy against vzv and svv in cell culture. in contrast, the novel bicyclic nucleoside analogues (bcnas) are exquisitely inhibitory to vzv (ec50 in the lower nanomolar range) but completely inacti ... | 2004 | 14985094 |
| varicella zoster antibodies in healthcare workers from two neonatal units in são paulo, brazil--assessment of a staff varicella policy. | although frequently reported in the literature, a staff varicella policy is not standard in many hospitals even in developed countries. in the present study, we assessed varicella zoster immunity in staff from two neonatal units from hospitals in são paulo, brazil. ninety-seven percent of all staff working in both units agreed to participate. a simple and cost-effective varicella policy was subsequently set up, based on costs and data from serology and a history of previous varicella infection. ... | 2004 | 15003672 |
| viral and cellular kinases are potential antiviral targets and have a central role in varicella zoster virus pathogenesis. | herpesviruses utilize viral and cellular kinases for replication, and these mediate essential functions that are important for viral pathogenesis. elucidating the roles of kinases in herpesvirus infections may highlight virus-host interactions that are possible targets for kinase inhibitors with antiviral activity. varicella zoster virus (vzv) encodes two kinases that phosphorylate viral proteins involved in regulation, assembly, and virulence. vzv infection also induces the activity of host cel ... | 2004 | 15023363 |
| discovery of a new family of inhibitors of human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) based upon lipophilic alkyl furano pyrimidine dideoxy nucleosides: action via a novel non-nucleosidic mechanism. | following our discovery of the potent anti-varicella zoster virus action of lipophilic alkyl furano pyrimidine 2'-deoxynucleosides, we now report that 2',3'-dideoxy sugar analogues are devoid of anti-vzv activity but are potent and selective inhibitors of human cytomegalovirus (hcmv). the present compounds are active in vitro at ca. 1 microm with cytotoxicity only above 200 microm. importantly, we have discovered that the new agents do not act as nucleoside analogues, despite their nucleosidic s ... | 2004 | 15027877 |
| [congenital varicella syndrome - is it infectious?]. | a 30-year-old gravida 2 suffered from chickenpox in the 13th week of gestation. in the 38th week of gestation she delivered by caesarean section a baby with typical congenital varicella syndrome (cvs). in the serum of the newborn igg antibodies but no igm or iga antibodies were found by vzv elisa test (enzygnost behring). on the 2nd, 5th, 8th and 11th days of life, vzv dna was detectable in the cerebrospinal fluid by pcr in elevated copy numbers as well as in the fluid of skin lesions on the 3rd ... | 2004 | 15039888 |
| synthesis and antiviral evaluation of some 3'-fluoro bicyclic nucleoside analogues. | the synthesis of 3'-fluoro analogues of recently discovered highly potent anti-vzv furanopyrimidine deoxynucleosides (bcnas) is herein reported, for both the alkyl and alkylphenyl series. the compounds are tested against a range of herpes viruses and display poor activity, strongly supporting the notion of the importance of the presence of a 3'-oh for antiviral activity. | 2004 | 15043132 |
| transplacentally acquired immunoglobulin g antibodies against measles, mumps, rubella and varicella-zoster virus in preterm and full term newborns. | igg antibody values against measles, mumps, rubella and varicella-zoster virus in 71 full term and 101 preterm infants and their 152 mothers and the decay of maternally acquired antibodies during infancy were studied. both magnitude of transplacental antibody passage and cord blood antibody values correlated with gestational age. after 6 months preterm infants born before 32 weeks of gestation had lost maternal antibodies. | 2004 | 15071296 |
| childhood shingles. herpes zoster can occur in healthy children too. | | 2004 | 15095537 |
| varicella screening and vaccination for healthcare workers at kk women's and children's hospital. | varicella is a highly contagious disease with significant morbidity and mortality, especially in adults. it can lead to nosocomial transmission with dire consequences, especially in a healthcare facility where children and pregnant women form the majority of patients. at kk women's and children's hospital, we embarked on a programme in 2 phases, between 1997 and 1999, to screen healthcare workers (hcws) for varicella immunity and to offer varicella vaccination to those who tested negative for an ... | 2004 | 15098642 |
| bicyclic anti-vzv nucleosides: thieno analogues bearing an alkylphenyl side chain have reduced antiviral activity. | thieno analogues of the potent and selective furo-pyrimidine anti-vzv nucleoside family bearing a p-alkylphenyl side chain have been synthesised and tested for their antiviral activity against varicella-zoster virus (vzv). while the alkyl chain analogues were shown to retain full antiviral activity against vzv, these new analogues did not when compared to their furo parent nucleosides. | 2004 | 15109620 |
| immunofluorescence test for sensitive detection of varicella-zoster virus-specific igg: an alternative to fluorescent antibody to membrane antigen test. | a highly sensitive indirect fluorescence antibody test (ifat) has been developed on the basis of varicella-zoster virus (vzv)-infected human lung carcinoma (a549) cells and evaluated for the determination of immunity to vzv. different serum panels with negative, low, moderate or high anti-vzv igg levels detected by the fluorescent antibody to membrane antigen (fama) assay were investigated. as a result, the sensitivity and the specificity of ifat were 100% compared to fama test. in anti-vzv igg- ... | 2004 | 15109817 |
| herpes zoster in otherwise healthy children. | in normal infants and children, zoster can occur at any time after varicella or varicella vaccination. it is usually diagnosed clinically: a unilateral vesicular eruption following a dermatome or dermatomes. the incidence of zoster increases with age, although children who have had varicella during the first year of life (or in utero) are at increased risk of developing zoster. the incidence of zoster is less after varicella vaccination than after natural infection. zoster in children is frequen ... | 2004 | 15131470 |
| in vitro selection of drug-resistant varicella-zoster virus (vzv) mutants (oka strain): differences between acyclovir and penciclovir? | varicella-zoster virus (vzv) mutants were isolated under the pressure of different classes of antiviral compounds: (i) drugs that depend on the viral thymidine kinase (tk) for their activation, i.e. acyclovir (acv), brivudin (bvdu), penciclovir (pcv) and sorivudine (bvarau); (ii) drugs that are independent of the viral tk for their activation, i.e. 2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl (pme) derivatives of adenine (pmea, adefovir) and 2,6-diaminopurine (pmedap); and (iii) drugs that do not require any metabo ... | 2004 | 15168799 |
| varicella zoster virus: vaccination and implications in children with renal failure. | the varicella zoster virus is associated with significant disease in those with chronic kidney disease, both pre- and postrenal transplantation. with the advent of the varicella vaccine, the opportunity to prevent significant morbidity and mortality exists. despite the secondary immune defects associated with renal failure, the varicella vaccine has been demonstrated to be immunogenic, safe and efficacious in pediatric patients with kidney disease. | 2004 | 15176945 |
| complete dna sequence analyses of the first two varicella-zoster virus glycoprotein e (d150n) mutant viruses found in north america: evolution of genotypes with an accelerated cell spread phenotype. | varicella-zoster virus (vzv) is considered to be one of the most genetically stable of all the herpesviruses. yet two vzv strains with a d150n missense mutation within the ge glycoprotein were isolated in north america in 1998 and 2002. the mutant strains have an accelerated cell spread phenotype, which distinguishes them from all wild-type and laboratory viruses. since the vzv genome contains 70 additional open reading frames (orfs), the possibility existed that the phenotypic change was actual ... | 2004 | 15194755 |
| targeted dermal delivery of highly potent anti-varicella zoster virus nucleoside analogues from saturated solutions and ethanolic oil-in-water creams. | varicella zoster virus (vzv) is responsible for causing chickenpox and shingles infections, the latter of which can lead to long-term post-herpetic neuralgia (phn), the most common complication of vzv infections. a class of anti-vzv nucleoside analogues has been synthesised that shows up to 30,000 times the potency of aciclovir in vitro. the relatively high lipophilicities exhibited by the compounds led them to be selected for dermal delivery. the aim was to assess the relative penetration and p ... | 2003 | 15203932 |
| immune deviation and ocular infections with varicella zoster virus. | since experimental, herpes simplex virus-induced acute retinal necrosis (arn) develops in mice only if the mice fail to acquire virus-specific delayed hypersensitivity (dh) and despite their production of anti-viral antibodies (i.e. acaid), i investigated whether a similar situation exists for patients with either varicella zoster virus (vzv)-induced arn or anterior uveitis caused by vzv. patients with either acute vzv-induced arn, anterior uveitis with dermatitis (herpes zoster ophthalmicus, zo ... | 2004 | 15209460 |
| in vitro delivery of novel, highly potent anti-varicella zoster virus nucleoside analogues to their target site in the skin. | to determine the in-vitro dermal delivery of a new class of lipophilic, highly potent and uniquely selective anti-vzv nucleoside analogues in comparison with aciclovir. | 2004 | 15212153 |
| detection of multiple human herpes viruses by dna microarray technology. | the detailed characterization of virus dna is a challenge, and the genotyping that has been achieved to date has only been possible because researchers have sent a great deal of time and effort to do so. instead of the simultaneous detection of hundreds of viruses on a single high-density dna-chip at very high costs per chip, we present here an alternative approach using a well-designed and tailored microarray which can establish whether or not a handful of viral genes are present in a clinical ... | 2004 | 15230636 |
| an elementary school outbreak of varicella attributed to vaccine failure: policy implications. | since licensure in the united states, studies have shown that varicella vaccine's overall effectiveness ranges from 44% to 100%, with substantial protection against moderate and severe varicella; however, breakthrough illness has been documented in up to 56% of vaccinated individuals. | 2004 | 15243919 |
| infectious disease capsules: a pox on your house. | a 31-year-old, previously healthy white man presented to the emergency department with complaints of malaise, fevers, shortness of breath, a non-productive cough, and a "rash." his physical exam revealed a temperature of 100.2f, a pulse of 129 bpm, respiratory rate of 14 bpm, and blood pressure of 140/74 mm hg. he was alert, oriented, and in no distress. his oropharynx was dry, his neck was supple, and cervical lymphadenopathy was absent. he had tachycardia, bilateral wheezes, and rhonchi with p ... | 2004 | 15249783 |
| global identification of three major genotypes of varicella-zoster virus: longitudinal clustering and strategies for genotyping. | by analysis of a single, variable, and short dna sequence of 447 bp located within open reading frame 22 (orf22), we discriminated three major varicella-zoster virus (vzv) genotypes. vzv isolates from all six inhabited continents that showed nearly complete homology to orf22 of the european reference strain dumas were assigned to the european (e) genotype. all japanese isolates, defined as the japanese (j) genotype, were identical in the respective genomic region and proved the most divergent fr ... | 2004 | 15254207 |
| thiourea inhibitors of herpesviruses. part 3: inhibitors of varicella zoster virus. | the preparation of alpha-methylbenzyl thioureas and their biological activity against varicella zoster virus is described. several analogs demonstrated ic50s<0.1 microm and their sar are discussed. these compounds represent a novel class of potent and selective nonnucleoside inhibitors of varicella zoster virus. | 2004 | 15261261 |
| development of a varicella virus vaccine stabilizer containing no animal-derived component. | various stabilizers containing no animal-derived components were assessed for their efficacy in stabilizing live attenuated varicella virus under various storage temperatures. stabilizers containing carrageenan, soy protein hydrolysates, or sucrose had a satisfactory performance to maintain infectivity of the cell-free virus when compared to control stabilizer containing animal-derived gelatin/gelatin hydrolysate. | 2004 | 15269552 |
| rashes occurring after immunization with a mixture of viruses in the oka vaccine are derived from single clones of virus. | vaccination against chickenpox causes a varicella-like rash in up to 5% of healthy children and 50% of children with leukemia. the vaccine may establish latency and reactivate to cause herpes zoster, albeit more rarely than wild-type virus. all vaccine preparations are composed of a mixture of varicella-zoster virus strains that show genotypic variation at several loci. we have shown, by dna sequencing of 40 polymorphic loci, that viruses sampled from vesicles in varicella-like and herpes zoster ... | 2004 | 15272408 |
| the reading frame bplf1 of epstein-barr virus: a homologue of herpes simplex virus protein vp16. | the open reading frame bplf1 of epstein-barr virus (ebv) shows homology to the herpes simplex virus 1 (hsv1) protein vp16. this protein is a structural tegument component playing a pivotal role for hsv replication as trans-activator of viral immediate-early genes. an ebv gene with a comparable function has not been described so far. however, computer analysis indicated that bplf1 may be a tegument protein homologous to vp16. this is the first report on the characterisation of the bplf1 gene, its ... | 2004 | 15284487 |
| varicella zoster virus meningitis in a previously immunized child. | we are reporting a previously well 5-year-old child with varicella-zoster meningitis who had a history of a previous immunization against varicella. this child also developed a transient sensorineural hearing loss. the child was treated with acyclovir and made a full recovery. | 2004 | 15286270 |
| [varicella-zoster virus seroprevalence in children between 0-15 years old]. | the incidence of chicken pox infections in our country is not clear since it is not an obligatory reported disease, and there is not enough seroepidemiologic studies on this subject. the aim of the study was to determine the seroprevalence of infections caused by varicella-zoster virus (vzv), and to determine the relation of prevalence with some factors. for this purpose, 885 children ages between 0-15 years old, were investigated for the presence of vzv-igg antibodies. specific igg antibodies w ... | 2004 | 15293904 |
| screening healthcare workers for varicella-zoster virus: can we trust the history? | to determine the relationship between immunity and a history of chickenpox based on a self-administered questionnaire. | 2004 | 15301033 |