| structural analysis of chi1 chitinase from yen-tc: the multisubunit insecticidal abc toxin complex of yersinia entomophaga. | yersinia entomophaga mh96 is a native new zealand soil bacterium that secretes a large abc-type protein toxin complex, yen-tc, similar to those produced by nematode-associated bacteria such as photorhabdus luminescens. y. entomophaga displays an exceptionally virulent pathogenic phenotype in sensitive insect species, causing death within 72 h of infection. because of this phenotype, there is intrinsic interest in the mechanism of action of yen-tc, and it also has the potential to function as a n ... | 2011 | 22108167 |
| opportunistic pathogens relative to physicochemical factors in water storage tanks. | household water in oman, as well as in other countries in the region, is stored in tanks placed on house roofs that can be subjected to physicochemical factors which can promote microbial growth, including pathogens and opportunistic pathogens which pose health risks. water samples were collected from 30 houses in a heavily populated suburb of muscat. the tanks used were either glass reinforced plastic (grp), polyethylene or galvanised iron (gi). heterotrophic bacteria, coliforms, faecal colifor ... | 2011 | 21942202 |
| comparative study of different msdna (multicopy single-stranded dna) structures and phylogenetic comparison of reverse transcriptases (rts): evidence for vertical inheritance. | the multi-copy single-stranded dna (msdna) is yielded by the action of reverse transcriptase of retro-element in a wide range of pathogenic bacteria. upon this phenomenon, it has been shown that msdna is only produced by eubacteria because many eubacteria species contained reverse transcriptase in their special retro-element. we have screened around 111 archaea at kegg (kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes) database available at genome net server and observed three methanosarcina species (m.a ... | 2011 | 22102774 |
| [Preparation and identification of monoclonal antibodies against Pla protein of Yersinia pestis]. | To prepare the monoclonal antibody of Pla with recombinant Pla (rPla) by hybridoma cell technology, which will lay the foundation for related research work. | 2011 | 21906473 |
| Effects of dietary Ergosan on cutaneous mucosal immune response in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). | The effects of dietary Ergosan on the growth performance and mucosal immunity in rainbow trout skin were investigated. 60 rainbow trout (100-110 g) were randomly assigned to 2 groups in triplicates and fed one of the experimental diet formulated with 5 g kg(-1) Ergosan or control diet for 50 days. Results showed that on the 45th day of feeding trial, Ergosan supplementation significantly enhanced the growth performance compared to control group. Various enzyme activities, namely lysozyme, protea ... | 2011 | 22166733 |
| functional characterization and biological significance of yersinia pestis lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis genes. | in silico analysis of available bacterial genomes revealed the phylogenetic proximity levels of enzymes responsible for biosynthesis of lipopolysaccharide (lps) of yersinia pestis, the cause of plague, to homologous proteins of closely related yersinia spp. and some other bacteria (serratia proteamaculans, erwinia carotovora, burkholderia dolosa, photorhabdus luminescens and others). isogenic y. pestis mutants with single or double mutations in 14 genes of lps biosynthetic pathways were construc ... | 2011 | 21999543 |
| PhoP and OxyR transcriptional regulators contribute to Yersinia pestis virulence and survival within Galleria mellonella. | The virulence of Yersinia pestis KIM6+ was compared with multiple isolates of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis and Yersinia enterocolitica toward larvae of the greater wax moth Galleria mellonella. Although Y. pestis and Y. pseudotuberculosis were able to cause lethal infection in G. mellonella, these species appeared less virulent than the majority of Y. enterocolitica strains tested. Y. pestis survived primarily within hemocytes of G. mellonella, and induced a strong antibacterial peptide response ... | 2011 | 21964409 |
| [Etiological aspects of acute gastroenteritis--a ten-year review (1.01. 2001-31.12.2010)]. | Acute gastroentritis is one of the most common diseases in humans, and continues to be a significant cause of morbidity worldwide. | 2011 | 22046776 |
| Humoral and cellular immune responses to Yersinia pestis infection in long-term recovered plague patients. | Plague is one of the most dangerous diseases and is caused by Yersinia pestis. Effective vaccine development requires understanding of immune protective mechanisms against the bacterium in humans. In this study, the humoral and memory cellular immune responses in plague patients (n=65) recovered from Y. pestis infection during the past 16 years were investigated using protein microarray and enzyme-linked immunospot assay (Elispot). The seroprevealence to F1 antigen in all recovered patients is 7 ... | 2011 | 22190397 |
| a case of reactive arthritis after salmonella enteritis in in a 12-year-old boy. | reactive arthritis comprises a subgroup within infection-associated arthritides in genetically susceptible hosts. researchers and clinicians recognize two clinical forms of reactive arthritis which occurs after genitourinary tract infection and after gastrointestinal tract infection. chlamydia infection has been implicated as the most common agent associated with post-venereal reactive arthritis. studies have proposed shigella infection, salmonella infection, or yersinia infection as the microor ... | 2011 | 22025926 |
| Use of a DNA microarray for detection and identification of bacterial pathogens associated with fishery products. | We established a microarray for the simultaneous detection and identification of diverse putative pathogens often associated with fishery products by targeting specific genes of Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella, Shigella, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Vibrio cholerae, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio vulnificus, and Yersinia enterocolitica and the 16S-23S rRNA gene internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of Proteus mirabilis and Proteus vulgaris. The microarray contained 26 sp ... | 2011 | 21965411 |
| multiple origins of endosymbiosis within the enterobacteriaceae (gamma-proteobacteria): convergence of complex phylogenetic approaches. | abstract: background: the bacterial family enterobacteriaceae gave rise to a variety of symbiotic forms, from the loosely associated commensals, often designated as secondary (s) symbionts, to obligate mutualists, called primary (p) symbionts. determination of the evolutionary processes behind this phenomenon has long been hampered by the unreliability of phylogenetic reconstructions within this group of bacteria. the main reasons have been the absence of sufficient data, the highly derived nat ... | 2011 | 22201529 |
| inhibition of yersinia enterocolitica by lactobacillus sake strains of meat origin. | the growth of yersinia enterocolitica at 4, 8, 15 and 24°c, in mixed cultures with lactobacillus sake strains previously isolated from spanish dry fermented sausages was investigated. growth of y. enterocolitica was affected by l. sake strains at all temperatures studied. the inhibition was higher as the incubation temperature increased. l. sake 148, a bacteriocinogenic strain, was less inhibitory to y. enterocolitica growth than l. sake 23, a stronger lactic acid producer strain. the low ph and ... | 1994 | 22059537 |
| production of bacteriocin-like metabolites by lactic acid cultures isolated from sucuk samples. | a total of 51 sucuk samples, obtained from different regions of turkey, were examined for lactic acid bacteria (lab) strains producing putative bacteriocin-like metabolites. for detection of antagonistic activity, agar spot and well diffusion assay tests were used. lactobacillus sake lb790, listeria monocytogenes li6, staphylococcus aureus st44 and escherichia coli nrrl b-3704 were used as indicator organisms. strains having antimicrobial activity were also tested against clostridium perfringens ... | 2000 | 22060908 |
| evidence of an antimicrobial-immunomodulatory role of atlantic salmon cathelicidins during infection with yersinia ruckeri. | cathelicidins are a family of antimicrobial peptides that act as effector molecules of the innate immune system with broad-spectrum antimicrobial properties. these evolutionary conserved cationic host-defence peptides are integral components of the immune response of fish, which are generally believed to rely heavily on innate immune defences to invading pathogens. in this study we showed that atlantic salmon cathelicidin 1 and 2 (ascath1 and ascath2) stimulated peripheral blood leukocytes incre ... | 2011 | 21858109 |
| sensitivity of three pathogenic bacteria to turkish cemen paste and its ingredients. | pastirma is a dry cured meat product which is pasted with cemen. this paste is prepared from ground fenugreek, garlic and red hot pepper (rhpp). in this study, the cemen mix/paste and all its ingredients were tested for their inhibitory effects on escherichia coli, staphylococcus aureus and yersinia enterocolitica. all samples had a varying inhibitory effect against all the bacteria tested during 4 days of storage. complete cemen paste showed the strongest inhibitory effect on the three pathogen ... | 2006 | 22062846 |
| proteomic analysis of arsenite - mediated multiple antibiotic resistance in yersinia enterocolitica biovar 1a. | arsenic is one of the most important global environmental pollutants. in the present study, fifty one clinical strains of yersinia enterocolitica biovar 1a showed high resistance to arsenite and arsenate. the minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) of arsenite (0.625-20 mm) was lower than arsenate (10-80 mm). growth of y. enterocolitica in 2 mm arsenite led to 2-8 fold increase in mics of the five antibiotics (amikacin, ciprofloxacin, gentamycin, kanamycin and tetracycline), suggesting expression ... | 2011 | 21953586 |
| long-term trends in the epidemiology and resistance of childhood bacterial enteropathogens in crete. | in this study, we investigated the long-term trends in the epidemiology and susceptibility of bacterial enteropathogens among children in a well-defined area of adequate health standards. the study included all children younger than 14 years of age treated for enteritis at heraklion university general hospital on the island of crete during the 18-year period from january 1993 to december 2010. stool specimens were tested for salmonella, shigella, campylobacter, enteropathogenic escherichia coli ... | 2011 | 22207394 |
| microchip capillary electrophoresis of multi-locus vntr analysis for genotyping of bacillus anthracis and yersinia pestis in microbial forensic cases. | bacillus anthracis and yersinia pestis are etiological agents of anthrax and plague respectively, and are also considered among the most feared potential bioterrorism agents. these microorganisms show intraspecies genome homogeneity, making strains differentiation difficult, while strains identification and comparison with known genotypes may be crucial for naturally occurring outbreaks vs. bioterrorist events discrimination.here an mlva application for b. anthracis and y. pestis strains differe ... | 2012 | 22139674 |
| In vivo-induced InvA-like autotransporters Ifp and InvC of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis promote interactions with intestinal epithelial cells and contribute to virulence. | The Yersinia pseudotuberculosis Ifp and InvC molecules are putative autotransporter proteins with a high homology to the invasin (InvA) protein. In order to characterize the function of these surface proteins we expressed both factors in Escherichia coli K-12 and demonstrated attachment of Ifp- and InvC-expressing bacteria to human-, mouse- and pig-derived intestinal epithelial cells. Ifp was also found to mediate microcolony formation and internalization into polarized human enterocytes. The if ... | 2011 | 22158741 |
| Molecular characterization of transcriptional regulation of rovA by PhoP and RovA in Yersinia pestis. | Yersinia pestis is the causative agent of plague. The two transcriptional regulators, PhoP and RovA, are required for the virulence of Y. pestis through the regulation of various virulence-associated loci. They are the global regulators controlling two distinct large complexes of cellular pathways. | 2011 | 21966533 |
| Pseudoceramines A-D, new antibacterial bromotyrosine alkaloids from the marine sponge Pseudoceratina sp. | Bioassay-guided fractionation of the CH(2)Cl(2)/MeOH extract of the Australian marine sponge Pseudoceratina sp. resulted in the purification of four new bromotyrosine alkaloids, pseudoceramines A-D (1-4), along with a known natural product, spermatinamine (5). The structures of 1-5 were determined by spectroscopic methods. Pseudoceramines A (1) and B (2) feature a rare bromotyrosyl-spermine-bromotyrosyl sequence, and pseudoceramine C (3) is the first example of bromotyrosine coupled with an N-me ... | 2011 | 21850326 |
| the outer membrane protein a (ompa) of yersinia pestis promotes intracellular survival and virulence in mice. | the plague bacterium yersinia pestis has a number of well-described strategies to protect itself from both host cells and soluble factors. in an effort to identify additional anti-host factors, we employed a transposon site hybridization (trash)-based approach to screen 10(5)y. pestis mutants in an in vitro infection system. in addition to loci encoding various components of the well-characterized type iii secretion system (t3ss), our screen unambiguously identified ompa as a pro-survival gene. ... | 2012 | 22023991 |
| An experimentally-supported genome-scale metabolic network reconstruction for Yersinia pestis CO92. | Yersinia pestis is a gram-negative bacterium that causes plague, a disease linked historically to the Black Death in Europe during the Middle Ages and to several outbreaks during the modern era. Metabolism in Y. pestis displays remarkable flexibility and robustness, allowing the bacterium to proliferate in both warm-blooded mammalian hosts and cold-blooded insect vectors such as fleas. | 2011 | 21995956 |
| Transmission of flea-borne zoonotic agents (*). | Flea-borne zoonoses such as plague (Yersinia pestis) and murine typhus (Rickettsia typhi) caused significant numbers of human cases in the past and remain a public health concern. Other flea-borne human pathogens have emerged recently (e.g., Bartonella henselae, Rickettsia felis), and their mechanisms of transmission and impact on human health are not fully understood. Our review focuses on the ecology and epidemiology of the flea-borne bacterial zoonoses mentioned above with an emphasis on rece ... | 2012 | 21888520 |
| Yersinia High Pathogenicity Island Genes Modify the Escherichia coli Primary Metabolome Independently of Siderophore Production. | Bacterial siderophores may enhance pathogenicity by scavenging iron, but their expression has been proposed to exert a substantial metabolic cost. Here we describe a combined metabolomic-genetic approach to determine how mutations affecting the virulence-associated siderophore yersiniabactin affect the Escherichia coli primary metabolome. Contrary to expectations, we did not find yersiniabactin biosynthesis to correspond to consistent metabolomic shifts. Instead, we found that targeted deletion ... | 2011 | 22035238 |
| disease transmission from companion parrots to dogs and cats: what is the real risk? | a number of common misconceptions exist regarding the degree of transmission from companion parrots to dogs and cats. concern regarding bacterial, viral, fungal, and parasitic transmission is generally unfounded, because disease transmission between companion parrots and dogs and cats is not well-documented. infections with mycobacterium spp, aspergillus spp, giardia spp, chlamydophila psittaci, salmonella spp, yersinia pseudotuberculosis, cryptococcus neoformans, histoplasma capsulatum, cryptos ... | 2011 | 22041215 |
| Characterization of the Na?/H? antiporter from Yersinia pestis. | Yersinia pestis, the bacterium that historically accounts for the Black Death epidemics, has nowadays gained new attention as a possible biological warfare agent. In this study, its Na?/H? antiporter is investigated for the first time, by a combination of experimental and computational methodologies. We determined the protein's substrate specificity and pH dependence by fluorescence measurements in everted membrane vesicles. Subsequently, we constructed a model of the protein's structure and val ... | 2011 | 22102858 |
| liver abscess due to yersinia bacteremia in a well-controlled type i diabetic patient. | yersiniae enterocolitica, a gram negative rod-like organism, causes terminal ileitis and mesenteric adenitis in adolescents and adults. some forms present with liver and spleen abscesses and have worse prognosis. we report a type 1 diabetic patient with a liver abscess mimicking metastatic liver disease who was successfully treated with percutaneous drainage and antibiotic administration; culture from blood was positive for yersinia enterocolitica, but drainage material from the liver abscess di ... | 2011 | 21879478 |
| [clinicoimmunological monitoring of therapy in patients with associated forms of yersiniosis]. | characteristics of the clinical process and immunological profile in children with yersiniosis as a monoinfection or in association with acute intenstinal infections and virus hepatitis a are presented. the efficacy of the immunotropic therapy with cycloferon, an interferon inductor, and recombinant interferon in the patients with the viral and bacterial association of the disease (yersiniosis + hepatitis a) and initial disbalance of the serum cytokines was estimated. dependence of the interfero ... | 2011 | 22145231 |
| Identification of Yersinia ruckeri from diseased salmonid fish by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. | Yersinia ruckeri is the causative agent of enteric redmouth disease (ERM), which mainly affects salmonid fish. Isolates of Y. ruckeri from diseased salmonid fish were obtained over a 6-year period from eight fish farms in the State of Baden-Württemberg, Southwest Germany. The strains were characterized by biochemical methods and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) combined with artificial neural network analysis. These methods were complemented by 16S rDNA sequencing for several isol ... | 2012 | 22103737 |
| bioresponsive systems based on polygalacturonate containing hydrogels. | polysaccharide acid (psa) based devices (consisting of alginic acid and polygalacturonic acid) were investigated for the detection of contaminating microorganisms. psa-cacl(2) hydrogel systems were compared to systems involving covalent cross-linking of psa with glycidylmethacrylate (psa-gma) which was confirmed with fourier transformed infrared (ftir) analysis. incubation of psa-cacl(2) and psa-gma beads loaded with alizarin as a model ingredient with trigger enzymes (polygalacturonases or pect ... | 2011 | 22112943 |
| In-vitro antimicrobial activity and synergistic/antagonistic effect of interactions between antibiotics and some spice essential oils. | Spices and herbs have been used for many years by different cultures. The aim of the present study is (1) to investigate in-vitro antimicrobial effects of different spices and herbs (5 species: Rosmarinus officinalis (Rosemary), Coriandrum sativum (coriander), Micromeria fruticosa (L.) Druce subsp. Brachycalyx P.H. Davis (White micromeria), Cumium cyminum (cumin), Mentha piperita (Peppermint) against different bacteria and fungi species, and (2) to discuss the in-vitro possible effects between t ... | 2011 | 21888227 |
| effects of temperature on the transmission of yersinia pestis by the flea, xenopsylla cheopis, in the late phase period. | traditionally, efficient flea-borne transmission of yersinia pestis, the causative agent of plague, was thought to be dependent on a process referred to as blockage in which biofilm-mediated growth of the bacteria physically blocks the flea gut, leading to the regurgitation of contaminated blood into the host. this process was previously shown to be temperature-regulated, with blockage failing at temperatures approaching 30°c; however, the abilities of fleas to transmit infections at different t ... | 2011 | 21958555 |
| development and validation of real-time pcr for the detection of yersinia ruckeri. | yersiniosis (enteric red mouth disease) is a contagious bacterial disease caused by yersinia ruckeri, which primarily affects salmonids. a real-time pcr assay using a molecular beacon has been developed and validated to improve the detection of the causative biotypes of y. ruckeri. the assay, which targets the glna (glutamine synthetase) gene, proved to have 100% analytical specificity and analytical sensitivities of 5 fg and 3 × 10(3) cfu g(-1) for dna and seeded kidney tissue, respectively. ... | 2011 | 22175801 |
| A draft genome of Yersinia pestis from victims of the Black Death. | Technological advances in DNA recovery and sequencing have drastically expanded the scope of genetic analyses of ancient specimens to the extent that full genomic investigations are now feasible and are quickly becoming standard. This trend has important implications for infectious disease research because genomic data from ancient microbes may help to elucidate mechanisms of pathogen evolution and adaptation for emerging and re-emerging infections. Here we report a reconstructed ancient genome ... | 2011 | 21993626 |
| revision of the o-polysaccharide structure of yersinia pseudotuberculosis o:1a; confirmation of the function of wbym as paratosyltransferase. | an o-polysaccharide was isolated by mild acid degradation at ph 4.5 of the long-chain lipopolysaccharide of yersinia pseudotuberculosis pb1 (serotype o:1a) and studied using 2d nmr spectroscopy. it was found to contain two uncommon monosaccharides: paratose (3,6-dideoxy-d-ribo-hexose, par) in the furanose form and 6-deoxy-d-manno-heptose (d-6dmanhep). the following structure of a branched tetrasaccharide repeat (o-unit) with a disaccharide side chain was established: this structure is at varianc ... | 2011 | 22269980 |
| nlrc4 inflammasomes in dendritic cells regulate noncognate effector function by memory cd8(+) t cells. | memory t cells exert antigen-independent effector functions, but how these responses are regulated is unclear. we discovered an in vivo link between flagellin-induced nlrc4 inflammasome activation in splenic dendritic cells (dcs) and host protective interferon-γ (ifn-γ) secretion by noncognate memory cd8(+) t cells, which could be activated by salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium, yersinia pseudotuberculosis and pseudomonas aeruginosa. we show that cd8α(+) dcs were particularly efficient at s ... | 2012 | 22231517 |
| structure of the yersinia pestis fabv enoyl-acp reductase and its interaction with two 2-pyridone inhibitors. | the recently discovered fabv enoyl-acp reductase, which catalyzes the last step of the bacterial fatty acid biosynthesis (fas-ii) pathway, is a promising but unexploited drug target against the reemerging pathogen yersinia pestis. the structure of y. pestis fabv in complex with its cofactor reveals that the enzyme features the common architecture of the short-chain dehydrogenase reductase superfamily, but contains additional structural elements that are mostly folded around the usually flexible ... | 2012 | 22244758 |
| polymorphisms in the lcrv gene of yersinia enterocolitica and their effect on plague protective immunity. | current efforts to develop plague vaccines focus on lcrv, a polypeptide that resides at the tip of type iii secretion needles. lcrv-specific antibodies block yersinia pestis type iii injection of yop effectors into host immune cells, thereby enabling phagocytes to kill the invading pathogen. earlier work reported that antibodies against y. pestis lcrv cannot block type iii injection by yersinia enterocolitica strains and suggested that lcrv polymorphisms may provide for escape from lcrv-mediated ... | 2012 | 22252870 |
| label-free detection of a bacterial pathogen using an immobilized siderophore, deferoxamine. | pathogenic bacteria obtain the iron necessary for survival by releasing an iron chelator, termed a siderophore, and retrieving the iron-siderophore complex via a cell surface siderophore receptor. we have exploited the high affinity of yersinia enterocolitica for its siderophore, deferoxamine, to develop a rapid method for capture and identification of yersinia. in this methodology, a deferoxamine-bovine serum albumin conjugate is printed onto a gold-plated chip in a parallel line pattern. after ... | 2012 | 22274807 |
| cloning, expression and characterization of the recombinant yersinia pseudotuberculosisl-asparaginase. | we have cloned ansb (yptb1411) gene from yersinia pseudotuberculosis q66cj2 and constructed stable inducible expression system that overproduce l-asparaginase from y. pseudotuberculosis (ypa) in escherichiacoli bl21 (de3) cells. for purification of ypa we used q-sepharose and deae-toyopearl column chromatography. we examined kinetics of the enzyme reaction, catalytic activity as a function of ph, temperature and ionic strength, thermostability and other enzyme properties. biochemical properties ... | 2011 | 22226870 |
| innate immunity in the small intestine. | purpose of review: this article reviews the most recent publications on innate immunity in the small intestine. we will go over the innate immune receptors that act as sensors of microbial presence or cell injury, paneth cells as the main epithelial cell type that secrete antimicrobial peptides, and mucosal production of immunoglobulin a (iga). in addition, we will give an update on examples of imbalance of the innate immune response resulting in clinical disease with the most relevant example b ... | 2012 | 22241076 |
| the patient presenting with acute dysentery - a systematic review. | objectives: the etiologies, clinical presentations and diagnosis of acute pathogen-specific dysentery in children and adults in industrialized and developing regions is described to help develop recommendations for therapy. methods: we conducted a systematic review of literature published between january 2000 and june 2011 to determine the frequency of occurrence of pathogen-specific dysentery. results: shigella, salmonella, and campylobacter remain the most frequent bacterial causes of dysenter ... | 2012 | 22266388 |