| maternal weaning modulates emotional behavior and regulates the gut-brain axis. | evidence shows that nutritional and environmental stress stimuli during postnatal period influence brain development and interactions between gut and brain. in this study we show that in rats, prevention of weaning from maternal milk results in depressive-like behavior, which is accompanied by changes in the gut bacteria and host metabolism. depressive-like behavior was studied using the forced-swim test on postnatal day (pnd) 25 in rats either weaned on pnd 21, or left with their mother until p ... | 2016 | 26903212 |
| reduced soluble rage is associated with disease severity of axonal guillain-barré syndrome. | soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products (srage) is an anti-inflammatory factor that mitigates the proinflammatory effects of high mobility group box 1 (hmgb1). the aim of this study was to investigate whether guillain-barré syndrome (gbs)-related inflammation are mediated by srage and hmgb1. we measured serum srage, hmgb1, il-6, and tnf-α levels in 86 patients with gbs and analysed associations between srage or hmgb1 and clinical variables in these subjects. in addition, we determin ... | 2016 | 26902096 |
| structural modeling of the flagellum ms ring protein flif reveals similarities to the type iii secretion system and sporulation complex. | the flagellum is a large proteinaceous organelle found at the surface of many bacteria, whose primary role is to allow motility through the rotation of a long extracellular filament. it is an essential virulence factor in many pathogenic species, and is also a priming component in the formation of antibiotic-resistant biofilms. the flagellum consists of the export apparatus on the cytosolic side; the basal body and rotor, spanning the bacterial membrane(s) and periplasm; and the hook-filament, t ... | 2016 | 26925337 |
| inflammation in irritable bowel syndrome: myth or new treatment target? | low-grade intestinal inflammation plays a key role in the pathophysiology of irritable bowel syndrome (ibs), and this role is likely to be multifactorial. the aim of this review was to summarize the evidence on the spectrum of mucosal inflammation in ibs, highlighting the relationship of this inflammation to the pathophysiology of ibs and its connection to clinical practice. we carried out a bibliographic search in medline and the cochrane library for the period of january 1966 to december 2014, ... | 2016 | 26900287 |
| cell wall anchoring of the campylobacter antigens to lactococcus lactis. | campylobacter jejuni is the most frequent cause of human food-borne gastroenteritis and chicken meat is the main source of infection. recent studies showed that broiler chicken immunization against campylobacter should be the most efficient way to lower the number of human infections by this pathogen. induction of the mucosal immune system after oral antigen administration should provide protective immunity to chickens. in this work we tested the usefulness of lactococcus lactis, the most extens ... | 2016 | 26925040 |
| distribution and genetic profiles of campylobacter in commercial broiler production from breeder to slaughter in thailand. | poultry and poultry products are commonly considered as the major vehicle of campylobacter infection in humans worldwide. to reduce the number of human cases, the epidemiology of campylobacter in poultry must be better understood. therefore, the objective of the present study was to determine the distribution and genetic relatedness of campylobacter in the thai chicken production industry. during june to october 2012, entire broiler production processes (i.e., breeder flock, hatchery, broiler fa ... | 2016 | 26886590 |
| spotyping: fast and accurate in silico mycobacterium spoligotyping from sequence reads. | spotyping is a fast and accurate program for in silico spoligotyping of mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from next-generation sequencing reads. this novel method achieves high accuracy for reads of both uniform and varying lengths, and is about 20 to 40 times faster than spolpred. spotyping also integrates the function of producing a report summarizing associated epidemiological data from a global database of all isolates having the same spoligotype. spotyping is freely available at: https:// ... | 2016 | 26883915 |
| bacterial multidrug efflux pumps: much more than antibiotic resistance determinants. | bacterial multidrug efflux pumps are antibiotic resistance determinants present in all microorganisms. with few exceptions, they are chromosomally encoded and present a conserved organization both at the genetic and at the protein levels. in addition, most, if not all, strains of a given bacterial species present the same chromosomally-encoded efflux pumps. altogether this indicates that multidrug efflux pumps are ancient elements encoded in bacterial genomes long before the recent use of antibi ... | 2016 | 27681908 |
| utilization of carrageenan, citric acid and cinnamon oil as an edible coating of chicken fillets to prolong its shelf life under refrigeration conditions. | the present study was conducted to determine efficacy of edible coating of carrageenan and cinnamon oil to enhance the shelf life of chicken meat stored under refrigeration conditions. | 2016 | 27051203 |
| occurrence of campylobacter spp. in poultry meat at retail and processing plants' levels in central italy. | human campylobacteriosis remains the most commonly reported gastrointestinal disease in europe and campylobacter (c.) jejuni and c. coli are the two species most frequently involved in such foodborne disease. based on the sampling plan established in the region of lazio (central italy) the aim of our work was to investigate the occurrence of campylobacter spp. in poultry meat preparations collected by the local veterinary authority at retail shops and processing plants. we also observed whether ... | 2016 | 27800429 |
| development of a specific monoclonal antibody for the quantification of artemisinin in artemisia annua and rat serum. | artemisinin, extracted from artemisia annua, and its derivatives are important frontline antimalarials. to produce specific antibodies for the detection and quantification of artemisinin, artemisinin was transformed to 9-hydroxyartemisinin by microbial fermentation, which was used to prepare a 9-succinate artemisinin hapten for conjugation with ovalbumin. a monoclonal antibody (mab), designated as 3h7a10, was selected from hybridoma cell lines which showed high specificity to artemisinin. no com ... | 2016 | 26822789 |
| the epigenomic landscape of prokaryotes. | dna methylation acts in concert with restriction enzymes to protect the integrity of prokaryotic genomes. studies in a limited number of organisms suggest that methylation also contributes to prokaryotic genome regulation, but the prevalence and properties of such non-restriction-associated methylation systems remain poorly understood. here, we used single molecule, real-time sequencing to map dna modifications including m6a, m4c, and m5c across the genomes of 230 diverse bacterial and archaeal ... | 2016 | 26870957 |
| human campylobacteriosis in luxembourg, 2010-2013: a case-control study combined with multilocus sequence typing for source attribution and risk factor analysis. | campylobacteriosis has increased markedly in luxembourg during recent years. we sought to determine which campylobacter genotypes infect humans, where they may originate from, and how they may infect humans. multilocus sequence typing was performed on 1153 campylobacter jejuni and 136 c. coli human strains to be attributed to three putative animal reservoirs (poultry, ruminants, pigs) and to environmental water using the asymmetric island model. a nationwide case-control study (2010-2013) for do ... | 2016 | 26860258 |
| zika: the origin and spread of a mosquito-borne virus. | to describe the temporal and geographical distribution of zika virus infection and associated neurological disorders, from 1947 to 1 february 2016, when zika became a public health emergency of international concern (pheic). | 2016 | 27708473 |
| molecular mechanisms and potential clinical applications of campylobacter jejuni cytolethal distending toxin. | cytolethal distending toxin (cdt), a genotoxin produced by campylobacter jejuni, is composed of three subunits: cdta, cdtb, and cdtc. cdtb is a dnase that causes dna double-strand breaks (dsb) in the nucleus resulting in cell cycle arrest at the g2/m stage and apoptosis. cdta and cdtc bind to cholesterol-rich microdomains on the cytoplasmic membrane, a process required for the delivery of cdtb to cells. although a unique motif associated with cholesterol-binding activity has been identified in o ... | 2016 | 26904508 |
| tuning of hemes b equilibrium redox potential is not required for cross-membrane electron transfer. | in biological energy conversion, cross-membrane electron transfer often involves an assembly of two hemesb the hemes display a large difference in redox midpoint potentials (δem_b), which in several proteins is assumed to facilitate cross-membrane electron transfer and overcome a barrier of membrane potential. here we challenge this assumption reporting on hemebligand mutants of cytochromebc1in which, for the first time in transmembrane cytochrome, one natural histidine has been replaced by lysi ... | 2016 | 26858251 |
| genomic features of environmental and clinical vibrio parahaemolyticus isolates lacking recognized virulence factors are dissimilar. | vibrio parahaemolyticus is a bacterial pathogen that can cause illness after the consumption or handling of contaminated seafood. the primary virulence factors associated with v. parahaemolyticus illness are thermostable direct hemolysin (tdh) and tdh-related hemolysin (trh). however, clinical strains lacking tdh and trh have recently been isolated, and these clinical isolates are poorly understood. to help understand the emergence of clinical tdh- and trh-negative isolates, a genomic approach w ... | 2016 | 26637607 |
| immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory activities of chicken cathelicidin-2 derived peptides. | host defence peptides and derived peptides are promising classes of antimicrobial and immunomodulatory lead compounds. for this purpose we examined whether chicken cathelicidin-2 (cath-2)-derived peptides modulate the function and inflammatory response of avian immune cells. using a chicken macrophage cell line (hd11) we found that full-length cath-2 dose-dependently induced transcription of chemokines cxcli2/il-8, mcp-3 and ccli4/rantes, but not of pro-inflammatory cytokine il-1β. in addition, ... | 2016 | 26848845 |
| the two-component system cpxra negatively regulates the locus of enterocyte effacement of enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli involving σ(32) and lon protease. | enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli (ehec) is a significant cause of serious human gastrointestinal disease worldwide. ehec strains contain a pathogenicity island called the locus of enterocyte effacement (lee), which encodes virulence factors responsible for damaging the gut mucosa. the cpx envelope stress response of e. coli is controlled by a two-component system (tcs) consisting of a sensor histidine kinase (cpxa) and a cytoplasmic response regulator (cpxr). in this study, we investigated the ... | 2016 | 26904510 |
| evolutionary genomics suggests that chev is an additional adaptor for accommodating specific chemoreceptors within the chemotaxis signaling complex. | escherichia coli and salmonella enterica are models for many experiments in molecular biology including chemotaxis, and most of the results obtained with one organism have been generalized to another. while most components of the chemotaxis pathway are strongly conserved between the two species, salmonella genomes contain some chemoreceptors and an additional protein, chev, that are not found in e. coli. the role of chev was examined in distantly related species bacillus subtilis and helicobacte ... | 2016 | 26844549 |
| multilocus sequence typing and antimicrobial resistance of campylobacter jejuni isolated from dairy calves in austria. | human campylobacteriosis is primarily associated with poultry but also cattle. in this study, 55 campylobacter jejuni strains isolated from 382 dairy calves' feces were differentiated by multilocus sequence typing and tested for antimicrobial resistance. the most prevalent sequence type (st) was st883 (20.0%), followed by st48 (14.5%), and st50 (9.1%). in contrast to st48 and st50, st883 has rarely been described in cattle previously. furthermore, risk factor analysis was performed for the prese ... | 2016 | 26870027 |
| recent development of mass spectrometry and proteomics applications in identification and typing of bacteria. | identification and typing of bacteria occupy a large fraction of time and work in clinical microbiology laboratories. with the certification of some ms platforms in recent years, more applications and tests of ms-based diagnosis methods for bacteria identification and typing have been created, not only on well-accepted maldi-tof-ms-based fingerprint matches, but also on solving the insufficiencies of maldi-tof-ms-based platforms and advancing the technology to areas such as targeted ms identific ... | 2016 | 26751976 |
| to what extent is faims beneficial in the analysis of proteins? | high field asymmetric waveform ion mobility spectrometry (faims), also known as differential ion mobility spectrometry, is emerging as a tool for biomolecular analysis. in this article, the benefits and limitations of faims for protein analysis are discussed. the principles and mechanisms of faims separation of ions are described, and the differences between faims and conventional ion mobility spectrometry are detailed. protein analysis is considered from both the top-down (intact proteins) and ... | 2016 | 26843211 |
| helicobacter pylori colonization in nepal; assessment of prevalence and potential risk factors in a hospital-based patient cohort. | helicobacter pylori, a gram-negative bacterium, can cause gastritis, peptic and duodenal ulcers. it is considered an important public health problem for both developed and developing world. this bacterium is classified as the class 1 carcinogen because it can cause cancer. | 2016 | 26833400 |
| cysteine mutational studies provide insight into a thiol-based redox switch mechanism of metal and dna binding in fura from anabaena sp. pcc 7120. | the ferric uptake regulator (fur) is the main transcriptional regulator of genes involved in iron homeostasis in most prokaryotes. fura from anabaena sp. pcc 7120 contains five cysteine residues, four of them arranged in two redox-active cxxc motifs. the protein needs not only metal but also reducing conditions to remain fully active in vitro. through a mutational study of the cysteine residues present in fura, we have investigated their involvement in metal and dna binding. | 2016 | 26414804 |
| magnetic resonance imaging differential diagnosis of brainstem lesions in children. | differential diagnosis of brainstem lesions, either isolated or in association with cerebellar and supra-tentorial lesions, can be challenging. knowledge of the structural organization is crucial for the differential diagnosis and establishment of prognosis of pathologies with involvement of the brainstem. familiarity with the location of the lesions in the brainstem is essential, especially in the pediatric population. magnetic resonance imaging (mri) is the most sensitive and specific imaging ... | 2016 | 26834941 |
| individual restriction of fine specificity variability in anti-gm1 igg antibodies associated with guillain-barré syndrome. | elevated titers of serum antibodies against gm1 ganglioside are associated with a variety of autoimmune neuropathies. much evidence indicates these autoantibodies play a primary role in the disease processes, but the mechanism for their appearance is unclear. we studied the fine specificity of anti-gm1 antibodies of the igg isotype present in sera from patients with guillain-barré syndrome (gbs), using thin-layer chromatogram-immunostaining of gm1, asialo-gm1 (ga1), gd1b and gm1-derivatives with ... | 2016 | 26818965 |
| diagnosing gastrointestinal illnesses using fecal headspace volatile organic compounds. | volatile organic compounds (vocs) emitted from stool are the components of the smell of stool representing the end products of microbial activity and metabolism that can be used to diagnose disease. despite the abundance of hydrogen, carbon dioxide, and methane that have already been identified in human flatus, the small portion of trace gases making up the vocs emitted from stool include organic acids, alcohols, esters, heterocyclic compounds, aldehydes, ketones, and alkanes, among others. thes ... | 2016 | 26819529 |
| an examination of co-infection in acute gastroenteritis and histo-blood group antigens leading to viral infection susceptibility. | the aim of the present study was to evaluate co-infection in the gastrointestinal tract in terms of viruses, bacteria and the abo blood group. we hypothesized that a combination of norovirus (nv) and bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract could affect the likelihood of an individual to contracting nv. histo-blood group antigens (hbgas) are considered to act as receptors that can lead to nv susceptibility. in addition to genetics, co-infection in the gastrointestinal tract may be associated with ... | 2016 | 26998270 |
| differential gene expression patterns in chicken cardiomyocytes during hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptosis. | hydrogen peroxide (h2o2) is both an exogenous and endogenous cytotoxic agent that can reliably induce apoptosis in numerous cell types for studies on apoptosis signaling pathways. however, little is known of these apoptotic processes in myocardial cells of chicken, a species prone to progressive heart failure. sequencing of mrna transcripts (rna-seq) allows for the identification of differentially expressed genes under various physiological and pathological conditions to elucidate the molecular ... | 2016 | 26808997 |
| novel α-l-fucosidases from a soil metagenome for production of fucosylated human milk oligosaccharides. | this paper describes the discovery of novel α-l-fucosidases and evaluation of their potential to catalyse the transglycosylation reaction leading to production of fucosylated human milk oligosaccharides. seven novel α-l-fucosidase-encoding genes were identified by functional screening of a soil-derived metagenome library and expressed in e. coli as recombinant 6xhis-tagged proteins. all seven fucosidases belong to glycosyl hydrolase family 29 (gh 29). six of the seven α-l-fucosidases were substr ... | 2016 | 26800369 |
| hib vaccines: past, present, and future perspectives. | haemophilus influenzae type b (hib) causes many severe diseases, including epiglottitis, pneumonia, sepsis, and meningitis. in developed countries, the annual incidence of meningitis caused by bacteria is approximately 5-10 cases per population of 100,000. the hib conjugate vaccine is considered protective and safe. adjuvants, molecules that can enhance and/or regulate the fundamental immunogenicity of an antigen, comprise a wide range of diverse compounds. while earlier developments of adjuvant ... | 2016 | 26904695 |
| evolutionary and functional relationships in the truncated hemoglobin family. | predicting function from sequence is an important goal in current biological research, and although, broad functional assignment is possible when a protein is assigned to a family, predicting functional specificity with accuracy is not straightforward. if function is provided by key structural properties and the relevant properties can be computed using the sequence as the starting point, it should in principle be possible to predict function in detail. the truncated hemoglobin family presents a ... | 2016 | 26788940 |
| within-host evolution of bacterial pathogens. | whole-genome sequencing has opened the way for investigating the dynamics and genomic evolution of bacterial pathogens during the colonization and infection of humans. the application of this technology to the longitudinal study of adaptation in an infected host--in particular, the evolution of drug resistance and host adaptation in patients who are chronically infected with opportunistic pathogens--has revealed remarkable patterns of convergent evolution, suggestive of an inherent repeatability ... | 2016 | 26806595 |
| molecular characterization and subtyping of blastocystis species in irritable bowel syndrome patients from north india. | blastocystis species has been extensively studied in recent few years to establish its pathogenecity. present study was designed to identify and examine the association of blastocystis sp. and its subtypes with irritable bowel syndrome (ibs).blastocystis sp. detected using wet-mount microscopy, trichrome staining, in-vitro culture and polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay in a cohort of ibs patients (n = 150) and healthy controls (n = 100). isolates of blastocystis sp.were subtyped using sequenc ... | 2016 | 26784888 |
| phase variation of a type iig restriction-modification enzyme alters site-specific methylation patterns and gene expression in campylobacter jejuni strain nctc11168. | phase-variable restriction-modification systems are a feature of a diverse range of bacterial species. stochastic, reversible switches in expression of the methyltransferase produces variation in methylation of specific sequences. phase-variable methylation by both type i and type iii methyltransferases is associated with altered gene expression and phenotypic variation. one phase-variable gene of campylobacter jejuni encodes a homologue of an unusual type iig restriction-modification system in ... | 2016 | 26786317 |
| the influence of efflux pump inhibitors on the activity of non-antibiotic nsaids against gram-negative rods. | most patients with bacterial infections suffer from fever and various pains that require complex treatments with antibiotics, antipyretics, and analgaesics. the most common drugs used to relieve these symptoms are non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (nsaids), which are not typically considered antibiotics. here, we investigate the effects of nsaids on bacterial susceptibility to antibiotics and the modulation of bacterial efflux pumps. | 2016 | 26771525 |
| alterations of the volatile metabolome in mouse models of alzheimer's disease. | in the present study, we tested whether the volatile metabolome was altered by mutations of the alzheimer's disease (ad)-implicated amyloid precursor protein gene (app) and comprehensively examined urinary volatiles that may potentially serve as candidate biomarkers of ad. establishing additional biomarkers in screening populations for ad will provide enhanced diagnostic specificity and will be critical in evaluating disease-modifying therapies. having strong evidence of gross changes in the vol ... | 2016 | 26762470 |
| association of ulcerative colitis with fut2 and fut3 polymorphisms in patients from southeast china. | dysbiosis of intestinal microbiota has been implicated in ulcerative colitis (uc). fucosyltransferase (fut) 2 and fut3 determine expression of histo-blood group antigens in the gut and may affect the intestinal microbiota. we investigated the association between fut2 and fut3 polymorphisms and uc in chinese patients. | 2016 | 26766790 |
| resistant starch alters the microbiota-gut brain axis: implications for dietary modulation of behavior. | the increasing recognition that the gut microbiota plays a central role in behavior and cognition suggests that the manipulation of microbial taxa through diet may provide a means by which behavior may be altered in a reproducible and consistent manner in order to achieve a beneficial outcome for the host. resistant starch continues to receive attention as a dietary intervention that can benefit the host through mechanisms that include altering the intestinal microbiota. given the interest in di ... | 2016 | 26745269 |
| rehabilitation of a patient with overlap of acute transverse myelitis and bickerstaff's brainstem encephalitis: a case report. | we report on one patient with bickerstaff's brainstem encephalitis (bbe) and associated flaccid weakness. counter to previous studies with bbe which indicate weakness due to guillain-barre syndrome, our patient's presentation of paraplegia following bbe is consistent with concomitant acute transverse myelitis. her findings of bbe largely resolved, although she remained with t6 american spinal injury association (asia) a paraplegia. motor functional impairment measure scores improved from 20 at a ... | 2016 | 28053734 |
| human milk components modulate toll-like receptor-mediated inflammation. | toll-like receptor (tlr) signaling is central to innate immunity. aberrant expression of tlrs is found in neonatal inflammatory diseases. several bioactive components of human milk modulate tlr expression and signaling pathways, including soluble toll-like receptors (stlrs), soluble cluster of differentiation (scd) 14, glycoproteins, small peptides, and oligosaccharides. some milk components, such as sialyl (α2,3) lactose and lacto-n-fucopentaose iii, are reported to increase tlr signaling; unde ... | 2016 | 26773018 |
| whole-genome sequencing analysis accurately predicts antimicrobial resistance phenotypes in campylobacter spp. | the objectives of this study were to identify antimicrobial resistance genotypes for campylobacter and to evaluate the correlation between resistance phenotypes and genotypes using in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility testing and whole-genome sequencing (wgs). a total of 114 campylobacter species isolates (82 c. coli and 32 c. jejuni) obtained from 2000 to 2013 from humans, retail meats, and cecal samples from food production animals in the united states as part of the national antimicrobial re ... | 2016 | 26519386 |
| removal of fecal indicators, pathogenic bacteria, adenovirus, cryptosporidium and giardia (oo)cysts in waste stabilization ponds in northern and eastern australia. | maturation ponds are used in rural and regional areas in australia to remove the microbial loads of sewage wastewater, however, they have not been studied intensively until present. using a combination of culture-based methods and quantitative real-time pcr, we assessed microbial removal rates in maturation ponds at four waste stabilization ponds (wsp) with (n = 1) and without (n = 3) baffles in rural and remote communities in australia. concentrations of total coliforms, e. coli, enterococci, c ... | 2016 | 26729150 |
| acute motor axonal neuropathy (aman) with motor conduction blocks in childhood; case report. | objective acute motor axonal neuropathy (aman), characterized with decreased compound muscle action potentials (cmap) and absence of demyelinating findings in electrophysiological studies, is a subtype of guillain-barre syndrome (gbs). a 4 yr-old male patient presented with ascending weakness, dysarthria and dysphagia to istanbul dr. lütfi kırdar kartal training and research hospital neurology outpatient for three days to in 2012. dysphonia, restricted eye movements, flaccid tetraplegia and aref ... | 2016 | 27057191 |
| multidrug resistant shigella flexneri infection simulating intestinal intussusception. | shigella enteritis remains an important cause of mortality and morbidity in all age groups, in developing as well as developed countries. owing to the emerging resistance to multiple antibiotics among shigella spp., it has been recognized as a major global public health concern and warrants constant monitoring of its resistance pattern. we report a case of segmental ileitis caused by non.-esbl producing multidrug resistant shigella flexneri in an infant clinically mimicking intussusception, whic ... | 2016 | 27013815 |
| sialic acids and autoimmune disease. | an important underlying mechanism that contributes to autoimmunity is the loss of inhibitory signaling in the immune system. sialic acid-recognizing ig superfamily lectins or siglecs are a family of cell surface proteins largely expressed in hematopoietic cells. the majority of siglecs are inhibitory receptors expressed in immune cells that bind to sialic acid-containing ligands and recruit sh2-domain-containing tyrosine phosphatases to their cytoplasmic tails. they deliver inhibitory signals th ... | 2016 | 26683151 |
| onset of ulcerative colitis during a low-carbohydrate weight-loss diet and treatment with a plant-based diet: a case report. | overweight and obesity are global health concerns. various effective weight-loss diets have been developed, including the atkins diet. the atkins diet is known as an extreme low-carbohydrate diet. this diet reduces body weight and has gained widespread popularity. however, the metabolite profiles of such a diet have been shown to be detrimental to colonic health. therefore, a concern for the long-term health effects of this diet exists. we encountered a case in which ulcerative colitis developed ... | 2016 | 26824967 |
| a comparison between plasmapheresis and intravenous immunoglobulin in children with guillain-barré syndrome in upper egypt. | the aim of our study is to assess the clinico-electrophysiological profile of children with guillain-barré syndrome (gbs) in upper egypt and to compare the efficacy of plasmapheresis versus other treatment modalities. | 2016 | 26788127 |
| a gastrointestinal anti-infectious biotherapeutic agent: the heat-treated lactobacillus lb. | experimental in vitro and in vivo studies support the hypothesis that heat-treated, lyophilized lactobacillus acidophilus lb cells and concentrated, neutralized spent culture medium conserve the variety of pharmacological, antimicrobial activities of the live probiotic strain against several infectious agents involved in well-established acute and persistent watery diarrhoea and gastritis. heat-treated cells and heat-stable secreted molecules trigger multiple strain-specific activities explainin ... | 2016 | 26770268 |
| prevalence and risk factors for campylobacter spp., salmonella spp., coxiella burnetii, and newcastle disease virus in feral pigeons (columba livia) in public areas of montreal, canada. | feral pigeons (columbia livia) can harbor a range of zoonotic pathogens. a transversal study was undertaken to estimate the prevalence of feral pigeons infected by various pathogens in public areas in montreal, quebec. cloacal swabs from captured birds were cultured for salmonella spp. and campylobacter spp. and tested by real-time polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) for the detection of coxiella burnetii. an oropharyngeal swab was also submitted to real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chai ... | 2016 | 26733736 |
| growth and morbidity of gambian infants are influenced by maternal milk oligosaccharides and infant gut microbiota. | human milk oligosaccharides (hmos) play an important role in the health of an infant as substrate for beneficial gut bacteria. little is known about the effects of hmo composition and its changes on the morbidity and growth outcomes of infants living in areas with high infection rates. mother's hmo composition and infant gut microbiota from 33 gambian mother/infant pairs at 4, 16, and 20 weeks postpartum were analyzed for relationships between hmos, microbiota, and infant morbidity and growth. t ... | 2017 | 28079170 |
| the helicobacter cinaedi antigen caip participates in atherosclerotic inflammation by promoting the differentiation of macrophages in foam cells. | recent studies have shown that certain specific microbial infections participate in atherosclerosis by inducing inflammation and immune reactions, but how the pathogens implicated in this pathology trigger the host responses remains unknown. in this study we show that helicobacter cinaedi (hc) is a human pathogen linked to atherosclerosis development since at least 27% of sera from atherosclerotic patients specifically recognize a protein of the hc proteome, that we named cinaedi atherosclerosis ... | 2017 | 28074932 |
| differential roles of iron storage proteins in maintaining the iron homeostasis in mycobacterium tuberculosis. | ferritins and bacterioferritins are iron storage proteins that represent key players in iron homeostasis. several organisms possess both forms of ferritins, however, their relative physiological roles are less understood. mycobacterium tuberculosis possesses both ferritin (bfrb) and bacterioferritin (bfra), playing an essential role in its pathogenesis as reported by us earlier. this study provides insights into the role of these two proteins in iron homeostasis by employing m. tuberculosis bfr ... | 2017 | 28060867 |
| campylobacter coli infection in pet birds in southern italy. | avian species are considered as the main reservoir of campylobacter spp. however, few data are available on the presence of this microorganism in pet birds. this study was therefore performed to determine the prevalence of campylobacter spp. in pet birds bred in southern italy. faecal samples were collected from 88 cages housing different species of pet birds and examined by bacteriological culture and polymerase chain reaction. a total of 13.6% of the cage samples were positive for campylobacte ... | 2017 | 28061877 |
| insights into the mechanistic basis of plasmid-mediated colistin resistance from crystal structures of the catalytic domain of mcr-1. | the polymixin colistin is a "last line" antibiotic against extensively-resistant gram-negative bacteria. recently, the mcr-1 gene was identified as a plasmid-mediated resistance mechanism in human and animal enterobacteriaceae, with a wide geographical distribution and many producer strains resistant to multiple other antibiotics. mcr-1 encodes a membrane-bound enzyme catalysing phosphoethanolamine transfer onto bacterial lipid a. here we present crystal structures revealing the mcr-1 periplasmi ... | 2017 | 28059088 |
| paprbag: a machine learning approach for the detection of novel pathogens from ngs data. | the reliable detection of novel bacterial pathogens from next-generation sequencing data is a key challenge for microbial diagnostics. current computational tools usually rely on sequence similarity and often fail to detect novel species when closely related genomes are unavailable or missing from the reference database. here we present the machine learning based approach paprbag (pathogenicity prediction for bacterial genomes). paprbag overcomes genetic divergence by training on a wide range of ... | 2017 | 28051068 |
| characterization of gut microbiome dynamics in developing pekin ducks and impact of management system. | little to no research has been conducted on the gut microbiome of the pekin duck, yet over 24.5 million ducks are raised for human consumption each year in the united states alone. knowledge of the microbiome could lead to an understanding of the effects of growing conditions such as the use of prebiotics, probiotics, and enzymes in feeding practices, the use of antibiotics, and the sources of pathogenic bacteria in diseased ducks. in order to characterize changes in the caecal microbiome that o ... | 2017 | 28101086 |
| characterization of gut microbiome dynamics in developing pekin ducks and impact of management system. | little to no research has been conducted on the gut microbiome of the pekin duck, yet over 24.5 million ducks are raised for human consumption each year in the united states alone. knowledge of the microbiome could lead to an understanding of the effects of growing conditions such as the use of prebiotics, probiotics, and enzymes in feeding practices, the use of antibiotics, and the sources of pathogenic bacteria in diseased ducks. in order to characterize changes in the caecal microbiome that o ... | 2017 | 28101086 |
| pathophysiology of intestinal na(+)/h(+) exchange. | several members of the slc9a family of na(+)/h(+) exchangers are expressed in the gut, with varying expression patterns and cellular localization. not only do they participate in the regulation of basic epithelial cell functions, including control of transepithelial na(+) absorption, intracellular ph (ph i ), cell volume, and nutrient absorption, but also in cellular proliferation, migration, and apoptosis. additionally, they modulate the extracellular milieu in order to facilitate other nutrien ... | 2017 | 28090568 |
| biomarkers of irritable bowel syndrome. | traditionally, irritable bowel syndrome (ibs) has not been regarded as an organic disease, and the pathophysiology of ibs is heterogeneous. currently, the diagnosis of ibs is based upon the rome diagnostic criteria. the performance of these criteria is only modest in predicting ibs, and moreover their validation is lacking. additionally, as functional symptoms are common in the general population, healthy controls or volunteers are difficult to define and there is currently no definition of "nor ... | 2017 | 27817184 |
| formate simultaneously reduces oxidase activity and enhances respiration in campylobacter jejuni. | the foodborne microaerophilic pathogen, campylobacter jejuni, possesses a periplasmic formate dehydrogenase and two terminal oxidases, which serve to metabolize formate and facilitate the use of oxygen as a terminal electron acceptor, respectively. formate, a primary energy source for c. jejuni, inhibits oxidase activity in other bacteria. here, we hypothesized that formate might affect both energy metabolism and microaerobic survival in c. jejuni. subsequently, we showed that c. jejuni 81-176 ( ... | 2017 | 28091524 |
| development of a modified gentamicin protection assay to investigate the interaction between campylobacter jejuni and acanthamoeba castellanii atcc 30010. | campylobacter jejuni is one of the leading causes of diarrheal illness worldwide. it is persistent in the environment and on poultry despite its microaerophilic nature and sensitivity to dessication and ph. studies have demonstrated that c. jejuni co-incubated with acanthamoeba spp. may be protected from harmful environmental factors. research in this area, however has included a range of different methodologies for co-incubation, recovery of bacteria and amoebae, and verification of internaliza ... | 2014 | 24632191 |
| bacteria associated with marginal zone lymphomas. | in the last decades some bacteria have been associated with a various extent with marginal zone (extra nodal, nodal and splenic types) lymphomas are frequently associated with chronic infections, with important clinical, molecular, biological, and therapeutic implications. the well-known correlation between helicobacter pylori and gastric malt-lymphoma, the recently reported links between chlamydia psittaci and ocular adnexal malt-lymphoma and borrelia burgdorferi and cutaneous malt lymphoma con ... | 2017 | 28288714 |
| association between acute motor axonal neuropathy and septic shock due to acinetobacter baumannii. | in this report, we describe a case of acute motoral axonal neuropathy (aman) following septic shock due to acinetobacter baumannii. the aetiology of aman is still not fully clarified. an association with a potential infection by campylobacter jejuni, resulting in stimulation of autoimmune response against gangliosides mediated by a phenomenon of molecular mimicry, is believed to play a major role. since the lipopolysaccharide of a. baumannii has a structure that is similar to that of c. jejuni, ... | 2015 | 26700086 |
| evidence of antibacterial activities in peptide fractions originating from snow crab (chionoecetes opilio) by-products. | antibacterial peptide fractions generated via proteolytic processing of snow crab by-products exhibited activity against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. among the bacterial strains tested, peptide fractions demonstrated inhibitory activity against the gram-negative bacteria such as aeromonas caviae, aeromonas hydrophila, campylobacter jejuni, listonella anguillarum, morganella morganii, shewanella putrefasciens, vibrio parahaemolyticus and vibrio vulnificus and against a few gram-posit ... | 2010 | 26781242 |
| effect of acidic electrolyzed water-induced bacterial inhibition and injury in live clam (venerupis philippinarum) and mussel (mytilus edulis). | the effect of acidic electrolyzed water (aew) on inactivating escherichia coli o104:h4, listeria monocytogenes, aeromonas hydrophila, vibrio parahaemolyticus and campylobacter jejuni in laboratory contaminated live clam (venerupis philippinarum) and mussel (mytilus edulis) was investigated. the initial levels of bacterial contamination were: in clam 4.9 to 5.7log10cfu/g, and in mussel 5.1 to 5.5log10cfu/g. two types of aew were used for treatment time intervals of 1 and 2h: strong (saew) with an ... | 2016 | 27208583 |
| antimicrobial impacts of essential oils on food borne-pathogens. | the antimicrobial activity of twelve essential oil (pine oil, eucalyptus, thyme, sage tea, lavender, orange, laurel, lemon, myrtle, lemon, rosemary and juniper) was tested by a disc diffusion method against food borne pathogens (escherichia coli, salmonella paratyphi a, klebsiella pneumoniae, yersinia enterocolitica, pseudomonas aeruginosa, aeromonas hydrophila, campylobacter jejuni, enterococcus faecalis, staphylococcus aureus). the major components in essential oils were monoterpenes hydrocarb ... | 2015 | 26072990 |
| [sensitivity of three inmunocromathographic tests in faeces samples for campylobacter and salmonella detection in comparison to culture]. | introduction: campylobacter sp. and salmonella enterica are two of the main organisms causing gastroenteritis in our environment. immunochromatographic tests for antigen detection performed directly on stool samples for its simplicity and rapid results may make them useful diagnostic elements in the context of primary care. | 2014 | 24940890 |
| acute diarrhea among military recruits. | there is a considerable amount of speculations concerning the presence of symptoms mainly diarrhea in various bacterial and parasitic infections. among a youth group with acute diarrhea, many bacterial and parasitic diseases were detected. the bacterial causes were campylobacter jejuni, shigella sp. entero-toxigenic, escherichia coli, salmonella sp. and aeromonas hydrophila. the parasitic causes were cryptosporidium parvum, entamoeba histolytica, giardia lamblia and strongyloides stercoralis. ma ... | 2012 | 23214210 |
| [study of mutual dependence of periodontal and colonic microbiome in health and pathology using nsg-sequencing]. | by using ngs-sequencing libraries of dna from periodontal swabs with primers specific to v6 region of 16s rdna prevalence of bacterial genera and species in periodontal and colonic microbiota of patients with periodontitis of different severity and healthy donors was analyzed. hyper-colonization of the colon with akkermansia muciniphila was found to be the most important maker of negative predisposition to periodontitis (t=133,7 at р=10(-6)). this result is in a good agreement with communication ... | 2016 | 27239990 |
| [enteropathogens responsible for gastrointestinal disorders in hiv patients]. | gastrointestinal disorders or gid are debilitating conditions common in individuals infected by the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), capable of leading to death. numerous etiological agents and pathophysiological mechanisms have been involved in this status. although the use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (haart) in many countries has greatly reduced the prevalence of gastrointestinal infections, enteric pathogens such as bacteria, parasites, fungi and viruses may still act as opport ... | 2013 | 23781716 |
| isolation of campylobacter spp. from client-owned dogs and cats, and retail raw meat pet food in the manawatu, new zealand. | campylobacter causes acute gastroenteritis in people worldwide and is frequently isolated from food, animals and the environment. the disease is predominately food-borne but many routes of transmission and sources of infection have been described, including contact with pets. the prevalence of campylobacter spp. in dogs and cats varies widely, and data on new zealand pets are limited. this study aimed to investigate the prevalence of campylobacter spp. in dogs, cats and retail raw meat pet food ... | 2016 | 27860343 |
| [detection of biofilm formation by selected pathogens relevant to the food industry]. | detection of biofilm formation by microbial pathogens relevant to the food industry and comparison of biofilm formation under different conditions of culture. | 2015 | 26448305 |
| molecular diagnosis of arcobacter and campylobacter in diarrhoeal samples among portuguese patients. | the present study was conducted to investigate the prevalence and diversity of arcobacter and campylobacter spp. in 298 stool samples of patients with diarrhoea, collected from 22 portuguese hospitals, between september and november 2012. detection of arcobacter and campylobacter spp. was performed using molecular-based detection techniques, such as real-time fluorescence resonance energy transfer pcr, species-specific pcr, and sequencing of amplified pcr products. overall, 1.3% of the samples w ... | 2014 | 24361090 |
| heat stress adaptation induces cross-protection against lethal acid stress conditions in arcobacter butzleri but not in campylobacter jejuni. | the ability of many bacteria to adapt to stressful conditions may later protect them against the same type of stress (specific adaptive response) or different types of stresses (multiple adaptive response, also termed cross-protection). arcobacter butzleri and campylobacter jejuni are close phylogenetic relatives that occur in many foods of animal origin and have been linked with human illness (mainly diarrhoea). in the present study, sublethal stress adaptation temperatures (48 °c and 10 °c) an ... | 2013 | 23541213 |
| occurrence and characteristics of fastidious campylobacteraceae species in porcine samples. | this study investigated the prevalence and characteristics of campylobacteraceae including a range of fastidious species in porcine samples. over a thirteen month period caecal contents (n=402) and pork carcass swabs (n=401) were collected from three pork abattoirs and pork products (n=399) were purchased at point of sale in the republic of ireland. campylobacteraceae isolates were recovered by enrichment, membrane filtration and incubation in antibiotic free media under a modified atmosphere (3 ... | 2013 | 23474652 |
| presence of campylobacter and arcobacter species in in-line milk filters of farms authorized to produce and sell raw milk and of a water buffalo dairy farm in italy. | the objectives of this study were to investigate the presence of campylobacter spp. and arcobacter spp. in dairy herds authorized for the production and sale of raw milk and in a water buffalo dairy farm, and to test the antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates. a total of 196 in-line milk filters were collected from 14 dairy farms (13 bovine and 1 water buffalo) for detection of campylobacter spp. and arcobacter spp. by microbiological culture. for each farm investigated, 1 isolate for each ... | 2013 | 23453517 |
| assessment of the prevalence and diversity of emergent campylobacteria in human stool samples using a combination of traditional and molecular methods. | this study aims to assess the diversity of campylobacteria (campylobacter and arcobacter) in human fecal samples from patients with diarrhea (n = 140) and asymptomatic controls (n = 116) in chile, using a combination of traditional culture and molecular methods. the culture methods detected campylobacteria in 10.7% of the patients with diarrhea and in 1.7% of the controls. in contrast, the molecular methods detected campylobacteria more often than the traditional culture, with a prevalence of 25 ... | 2013 | 23375869 |
| pcr for enteric pathogens in high-prevalence settings. what does a positive signal tell us? | molecular methods, in particular pcr, are increasingly used for the diagnosis of enteric pathogens in stool samples. in high-endemicity settings, however, asymptomatic carriage or residual dna from previous infections will hamper the interpretation of positive test results. we assessed the quantitative dimension of this problem in schoolchildren in the rural highlands of madagascar. | 2015 | 25761823 |
| identification of the first known inhibitors of o-acetylpeptidoglycan esterase: a potential new antibacterial target. | the o-acetylation of peptidoglycan (pg) is now known to occur in 53 species, including numerous human pathogens such as, staphylococcus aureus, bacillus anthracis, species of enterococcus, campylobacter jejuni, helicobacter pylori, neisseria gonorrhoeae and n. meningitidis. this modification, which occurs at the c-6 hydroxyl of n-acetylmuramoyl residues within pg, serves to regulate autolytic activity during pg metabolism and contributes to pathogenesis and persistence within a host. o-acetylpep ... | 2012 | 22351512 |
| simultaneous identification of 13 foodborne pathogens by using capillary electrophoresis-single strand conformation polymorphism coupled with multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification and its application in foods. | capillary electrophoresis-single strand conformation polymorphism (ce-sscp) coupled with stuffer-free multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (mlpa) was developed to identify 13 species of foodborne pathogens simultaneously. species-specific mlpa probes were designed for nine of these species. these probes were targeted to the groel, glya, mms, tuf, inv, ipah, nuc, vvh, and 16s rrna genes, which corresponded to bacillus cereus, campylobacter coli, cronobacter sakazakii, enterococcus spp ... | 2016 | 27494415 |
| the impact of oxygen on bacterial enteric pathogens. | bacterial enteric pathogens are responsible for a tremendous amount of foodborne illnesses every year through the consumption of contaminated food products. during their transit from contaminated food sources to the host gastrointestinal tract, these pathogens are exposed and must adapt to fluctuating oxygen levels to successfully colonize the host and cause diseases. however, the majority of enteric infection research has been conducted under aerobic conditions. to raise awareness of the import ... | 2016 | 27261784 |
| a rapid and simple real-time pcr assay for detecting foodborne pathogenic bacteria in human feces. | a rapid, simple method for detecting foodborne pathogenic bacteria in human feces is greatly needed. here, we examined the efficacy of a method that employs a combination of a commercial pcr master mix, which is insensitive to pcr inhibitors, and a dna extraction method which used sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (sdbs), and tween 20 to counteract the inhibitory effects of sdbs on the pcr assay. this method could detect the target genes (stx1 and stx2 of enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli, inva ... | 2016 | 26902211 |
| inactivation of bacterial pathogens in yoba mutandabota, a dairy product fermented with the probiotic lactobacillus rhamnosus yoba. | mutandabota is a dairy product consumed as a major source of proteins and micronutrients in southern africa. in this study the microbial safety of traditional and a variant of mutandabota fermented with the probiotic lactobacillus rhamnosus yoba (yoba mutandabota) was investigated by challenging the products with five important food pathogens: listeria monocytogenes, salmonella spp., campylobacter jejuni, escherichia coli o157:h7 and bacillus cereus. pasteurized full-fat cow's milk was used for ... | 2016 | 26490648 |
| antibiotic-resistant bacteria: prevalence in food and inactivation by food-compatible compounds and plant extracts. | foodborne antibiotic-resistant pathogenic bacteria such as campylobacter jejuni, bacillus cereus, clostridium perfringens, escherichia coli, salmonella enterica, staphylococcus aureus, vibrio cholerae, and vibrio parahemolyticus can adversely affect animal and human health, but a better understanding of the factors involved in their pathogenesis is needed. to help meet this need, this overview surveys and interprets much of our current knowledge of antibiotic (multidrug)-resistant bacteria in th ... | 2015 | 25856120 |
| microbiological diversity and prevalence of spoilage and pathogenic bacteria in commercial fermented alcoholic beverages (beer, fruit wine, refined rice wine, and yakju). | the present study examined 469 commercially available fermented alcoholic beverages (fabs), including beer (draft, microbrewed, and pasteurized), fruit wine (grape and others), refined rice wine, and yakju (raw and pasteurized). samples were screened for escherichia coli and eight foodborne pathogens (bacillus cereus, campylobacter jejuni, clostridium perfringens, escherichia coli o157:h7, listeria monocytogenes, salmonella spp., staphylococcus aureus, and yersinia enterocolitica), and the aerob ... | 2015 | 25836410 |
| antibacterial, antiviral, and antifungal properties of wines and winery byproducts in relation to their flavonoid content. | grapes produce organic compounds that may be involved in the defense of the plants against invading phytopathogens. these metabolites include numerous phenolic compounds that are also active against human pathogens. grapes are used to produce a variety of wines, grape juices, and raisins. grape pomace, seeds, and skins, the remains of the grapes that are a byproduct of winemaking, also contain numerous bioactive compounds that differ from those found in grapes and wines. this overview surveys an ... | 2014 | 24945318 |
| potential applications for annona squamosa leaf extract in the treatment and prevention of foodborne bacterial disease. | foodborne disease is a major public health problem. the present study examined annona squamosa leaves, which are traditionally used to treat diarrhea and other infections, for their potential to be used in modern food safety or medicine. active constituents were partially purified by ethanol extraction and column chromatography. mics of the extract were 62.5 to 125 microg/ml against bacillus cereus, listeria monocytogenes and staphylococcus aureus, and 250 microg/ml against campylobacter jejuni. ... | 2013 | 23678817 |
| rapid detection and respirometric profiling of aerobic bacteria on panels of selective media. | to evaluate high-throughput optical oxygen microrespirometry for selective detection and predictive identification of aerobic bacteria. | 2013 | 23107004 |
| ph and acidity in lactic-fermenting cereal gruels: effects on viability of enteropathogenic microorganisms. | survival of bacillus cereus, campylobacter jejuni, enterotoxigenic escherichia coli, salmonella typhimurium and shigella flexneri during lactic acid fermentation of cereal gruels prepared from low-tannin (white) and high-tannin (red) sorghum varieties was studied. a previously fermented gruel (starter culture, sc) recycled daily or stored for 7, 14 or 28 days, germinated cereal flour (power flour, pf), or a combination of pf and sc (pf+sc) were used as starters. at 24 h, the ph of all gruels wit ... | 1994 | 24421191 |
| inhibited growth of common enteropathogenic bacteria in lactic-fermented cereal gruels. | a natural lactic fermentation of mixtures of water and whole flour of either maize or high-tannin sorghum was obtained either before or after cooking to a weaning gruel: the preparations had a final ph of about 3.8 (range 3.67 to 4.00) and a ratio of lactic acid to acetic acid of 9∶1 (w/w). the growth of added (about 10(7) c.f.u./g gruel) gram-negative intestinal pathogenic bacteria, enterotoxigenicescherichia coli, campylobacter jejuni, shigella flexneri andsalmonella typhimurium, was strongly ... | 1992 | 24425608 |
| biochemical, structural, and genetic characterization of tridecaptin a₁, an antagonist of campylobacter jejuni. | bacillus circulans nrrl b-30644 (now paenibacillus terrae) was previously reported to produce srcam 1580, a bacteriocin active against the food pathogen campylobacter jejuni. we have been unable to isolate srcam 1580, and did not find any genetic determinants in the genome of this strain. we now report the reassignment of this activity to the lipopeptide tridecaptin a₁. structural characterization of tridecaptin a1 was achieved through nmr, ms/ms and gc-ms studies. the structure was confirmed th ... | 2014 | 24382692 |
| purification and characterization of a novel anti-campylobacter bacteriocin produced by lactobacillus curvatus dn317. | the lactic acid bacteria (lab) microbiota of saudi chicken ceca was determined. from 60 samples, 204 isolates of lactic acid bacteria were obtained. three isolates produced antimicrobial activities against campylobacter jejuni, listeria monocytogenes, and bacillus subtilis. the isolate dn317, which had the highest activity against campylobacter jejuni atcc 33560, was identified as lactobacillus curvatus (genbank accession numbers: kx353849 and kx353850). full inhibitory activity was observed aft ... | 2016 | 27812926 |
| use of a novel report protein to study the secretion signal of flagellin in bacillus subtilis. | flagellin (also called hag) is the main component of bacterial flagellum and is transported across the cytoplasmic membrane by flagellar secretion apparatus. because flagella play an essential role in the pathogenesis of numerous pathogens, the flagellins of escherichia coli, salmonella typhimurium, pseudomonas aeruginosa, campylobacter jejuni, and vibrio cholerae have been intensively studied; however, very few studies have focused on the flagellin of bacillus subtilis, which is considered to b ... | 2016 | 27154466 |
| targeting motility properties of bacteria in the development of probiotic cultures against campylobacter jejuni in broiler chickens. | campylobacter is the leading cause of gastroenteritis worldwide. campylobacter is commonly present in the intestinal tract of poultry, and one strategy to reduce enteric colonization is the use of probiotic cultures. this strategy has successfully reduced enteric colonization of salmonella, but has had limited success against campylobacter. in an effort to improve the efficacy of probiotic cultures, we developed a novel in vitro screening technique for selecting bacterial isolates with enhanced ... | 2013 | 23531121 |
| modeling diversity in structures of bacterial outer membrane lipids. | lipopolysaccharides (lpss) are vital components of the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria, and they act as extremely strong stimulators of innate immunity in diverse eukaryotic species. the primary immunostimulatory center of the lps molecule is lipid a, a disaccharide-bound lipophilic domain. considering the broad diversity in bacterial species, there are variations in the lipid a structures and their immunogenic potencies. in this work, we model the lipid a structures of eight commensal ... | 2017 | 28080049 |
| conventional and molecular methods in the diagnosis of community-acquired diarrhoea in children under 5 years of age from the north-eastern region of poland. | the purpose of this study was to determine the main causative agents of community-acquired acute diarrhoea in children using conventional methods and pcr. | 2015 | 26159845 |
| [traveller's diarrhea: epidemiology, clinical practice guideline for the prevention and treatment]. | bacterial causes are predominant: enterotoxigenic (etec) ou enteroadherent escherichia coli, salmonella sp., shigella sp., campylobacter jejuni, acrobacter sp., enterotoxigenic bacteroïdes fragilis. prevention relies on the hand and food hygiene standards (heat-cooked meals). watery diarrhea (toxigenic enterocolitis) is the most frequent clinical presentation associated with a risk of dehydration; the body temperature is normal except in cases of severe dehydration. less frequent are invasive en ... | 2013 | 23246203 |
| [role of infectious agents in the emergence of malignant tumors]. | according to the data of the international agency for research on cancer (iarc), at least 6 virus species (hpv, ebv, hhv-8/kshv, htlv-1, hbv, hcv), 4 helminthes species (schistosoma haematobium and japonicum, opisthorchis viverrini, clonorchis sinensis) and i bacterium species (helicobacter pylori) have been proved to be capable of causing the development of cancer. the analysis of the data available shows that merkel cell polyomavirus (mcv), herpes simplex virus (hsv), john cunningham polyomavi ... | 2012 | 23163048 |