| exposure to zoonotic west nile virus in long-tailed macaques and bats in peninsular malaysia. | the role of wildlife such as wild birds, macaques, and bats in the spreading and maintenance of deadly zoonotic pathogens in nature have been well documented in many parts of the world. one such pathogen is the mosquitoes borne virus, namely the west nile virus (wnv). previous research has shown that 1:7 and 1:6 malaysian wild birds are wnv antibody and rna positive, respectively, and bats in north america may not be susceptible to the wnv infection. this study was conducted to determine the sta ... | 2020 | 33321964 |
| studies on the efficacy, potential cardiotoxicity and monkey pharmacokinetics of glp-26 as a potent hepatitis b virus capsid assembly modulator. | while treatment options are available for hepatitis b virus (hbv), there is currently no cure. anti-hbv nucleoside analogs and interferon-alpha 2b rarely clear hbv covalently closed circular dna (cccdna), requiring lifelong treatment. recently, we identified glp-26, a glyoxamide derivative which modulates hbv capsid assembly. the impact of glp-26 on viral replication and integrated dna was assessed in an hbv nude mouse model bearing hbv transfected ad38 xenografts. at day 45 post-infection, glp- ... | 2021 | 33467678 |
| generation of a bactrian camel hepatitis e virus by a reverse genetics system. | bactrian camel hepatitis e virus (hev) is a novel hev belonging to genotype 8 (hev-8) in the orthohepevirus a species of the genus hepevirus in the family hepeviridae. hev-8 cross-transmits to cynomolgus monkeys and has a potential risk for zoonotic infection. until now, neither a cell-culture system to grow the virus nor a reverse genetics system to generate the virus has been developed. to generate replication-competent hev-8 and to establish a cell-culture system, we synthesized capped genomi ... | 2021 | 34242156 |
| markers of viral hepatitis e (hepeviridae, orthohepevirus, orthohepevirus a) in the imported old world monkeys. | viral hepatitis e is a zooanthroponotic disease that occurs in humans and various animals, including monkeys. it is caused by hepatitis e virus (hev) (hepeviridae, orthohepevirus: orthohepevirus a), for which 8 genotypes have been described to date. among them, strains of genotypes 1 and 2 have been isolated from humans, strains of genotypes 3 and 4 from humans and animals, and strains of genotypes 5-8 from animals only. the main threat of the disease is associated with the documented zoonotic t ... | 2021 | 34251155 |
| induction of durable antitumor response by a novel oncolytic herpesvirus expressing multiple immunomodulatory transgenes. | oncolytic virotherapy is a promising new tool for cancer treatment, but direct lytic destruction of tumor cells is not sufficient and must be accompanied by strong immune activation to elicit anti-tumor immunity. we report here the creation of a novel replication-competent recombinant oncolytic herpes simplex virus type 1 (vg161) that carries genes coding for il-12, il-15, and il-15 receptor alpha subunit, along with a peptide fusion protein capable of disrupting pd-1/pd-l1 interactions. the vg1 ... | 2020 | 33182232 |
| efficacy of a cap-dependent endonuclease inhibitor and neuraminidase inhibitors against h7n9 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus causing severe viral pneumonia in cynomolgus macaques. | h7n9 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (hpaiv) infection in a human was first reported in 2017. a/duck/japan/aq-he29-22/2017 (h7n9) (dk/he29-22), found in imported duck meat at an airport in japan, possesses a hemagglutinin with a multibasic cleavage site, indicating high pathogenicity in chickens, as in the case of other h7 hpaivs. in the present study, we examined the pathogenicity of dk/he29-22 and the effectiveness of a cap-dependent endonuclease inhibitor (baloxavir) and neuraminidase ... | 2021 | 33257455 |
| aerosolized exposure to h5n1 influenza virus causes less severe disease than infection via combined intrabronchial, oral, and nasal inoculation in cynomolgus macaques. | infection with highly pathogenic avian h5n1 influenza virus in humans often leads to severe respiratory disease with high mortality. experimental infection in non-human primates can provide additional insight into disease pathogenesis. however, such a model should recapitulate the disease symptoms observed in humans, such as pneumonia and inflammatory cytokine response. while previous studies in macaques have demonstrated the occurrence of typical lesions in the lungs early after infection and a ... | 2021 | 33671829 |
| development and characterization of a highly sensitive nanoluciferase-based immunoprecipitation system for the detection of anti-influenza virus ha antibodies. | antibody detection is crucial for monitoring host immune responses to specific pathogen antigens (ags) and evaluating vaccine efficacies. the luciferase immunoprecipitation system (lips) was developed for sensitive detection of ag-specific antibodies in sera from various species. in this study, we describe nanolips, an improved lips assay based on nanoluciferase (nluc), and employ the assay for monitoring antibody responses following influenza virus infection or vaccination. we generated recombi ... | 2021 | 33980684 |
| pre-existing simian immunodeficiency virus infection increases expression of t cell markers associated with activation during early mycobacterium tuberculosis coinfection and impairs tnf responses in granulomas. | tuberculosis (tb) is the leading infectious cause of death among people living with hiv. people living with hiv are more susceptible to contracting mycobacterium tuberculosis and often have worsened tb disease. understanding the immunologic defects caused by hiv and the consequences it has on m. tuberculosis coinfection is critical in combating this global health epidemic. we previously showed in a model of siv and m. tuberculosis coinfection in mauritian cynomolgus macaques (mcm) that siv/m. tu ... | 2021 | 34145063 |
| development and evaluation of a rapid and cost-efficient ngs-based mhc class i genotyping method for macaques by using a prevalent short-read sequencer. | rhesus macaque is one of the most widely used primate model animals for immunological research of infectious diseases including human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection. it is well known that major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class i genotypes affect the susceptibility and disease progression to simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) in rhesus macaques, which is resembling to hiv in humans. it is required to convincingly determine the mhc genotypes in the immunological investigations, that ... | 2021 | 33447871 |
| construction of a preliminary three-dimensional structure simian betaretrovirus serotype-2 (srv-2) reverse transcriptase isolated from indonesian cynomolgus monkey. | simian betaretrovirus serotype-2 (srv-2) is an important pathogenic agent in asian macaques. it is a potential confounding variable in biomedical research. srv-2 also provides a valuable viral model compared to other retroviruses which can be used for understanding many aspects of retroviral-host interactions and immunosuppression, infection mechanism, retroviral structure, antiretroviral and vaccine development. in this study, we isolated the gene encoding reverse transcriptase enzyme (rt) of s ... | 2020 | 33214855 |
| the utilization of advance telemetry to investigate critical physiological parameters including electroencephalography in cynomolgus macaques following aerosol challenge with eastern equine encephalitis virus. | most alphaviruses are mosquito-borne and can cause severe disease in humans and domesticated animals. in north america, eastern equine encephalitis virus (eeev) is an important human pathogen with case fatality rates of 30-90%. currently, there are no therapeutics or vaccines to treat and/or prevent human infection. one critical impediment in countermeasure development is the lack of insight into clinically relevant parameters in a susceptible animal model. this study examined the disease course ... | 2021 | 34138849 |
| physiological and immunological changes in the brain associated with lethal eastern equine encephalitis virus in macaques. | aerosol exposure to eastern equine encephalitis virus (eeev) can trigger a lethal viral encephalitis in cynomolgus macaques which resembles severe human disease. biomarkers indicative of central nervous system (cns) infection by the virus and lethal outcome of disease would be useful in evaluating potential medical countermeasures, especially for therapeutic compounds. to meet requirements of the animal rule, a better understanding of the pathophysiology of eeev-mediated disease in cynomolgus ma ... | 2021 | 33534855 |