| outer membrane vesicle production facilitates lps remodeling and outer membrane maintenance in salmonella during environmental transitions. | the ability of gram-negative bacteria to carefully modulate outer membrane (om) composition is essential to their survival. however, the asymmetric and heterogeneous structure of the gram-negative om poses unique challenges to the cell's successful adaption to rapid environmental transitions. although mechanisms to recycle and degrade om phospholipid material exist, there is no known mechanism by which to remove unfavorable lipopolysaccharide (lps) glycoforms, except slow dilution through cell g ... | 2016 | 27795394 |
| the iron-sulfur cluster sensor iscr is a negative regulator of spi1 type iii secretion system in salmonella enterica. | iron-sulfur (fe-s)-containing proteins contribute to various biological processes, including redox reactions or regulation of gene expression. living organisms have evolved by developing distinct biosynthetic pathways to assemble these clusters, including iron sulfur cluster (isc) and sulfur mobilization (suf). salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium is an intracellular pathogen responsible for a wide range of infections, from gastroenteritis to severe systemic diseases. salmonella possesses all ... | 2017 | 27704705 |
| role of yqic in the pathogenicity of salmonella and innate immune responses of human intestinal epithelium. | the yqic gene of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (s. typhimurium) regulates bacterial growth at different temperatures and mice survival after infection. however, the role of yqic in bacterial colonization and host immunity remains unknown. we infected human ls174t, caco-2, hela, and thp-1 cells with s. typhimurium wild-type sl1344, its yqic mutant, and its complemented strain. bacterial colonization and internalization in the four cell lines significantly reduced on yqic depletion. post ... | 2016 | 27777572 |
| [outbreak of salmonella typhimurium infections associated with consumption of chorizo in bizkaia]. | a report is presented on an outbreak of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium infection that affected six people. the epidemiological and laboratory investigation associated the outbreak with the consumption of homemade chorizo purchased at a local street market. the vendor and producer were informed that the sale of meat products without sanitary authorization is prohibited, and the product was withdrawn from sale. | 2016 | 26211840 |
| salmonella spv locus suppresses host innate immune responses to bacterial infection. | salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (s. typhimurium) is globally distributed and causes massive morbidity and mortality in humans and animals. s. typhimurium carries salmonella plasmid virulence (spv) locus, which is highly conserved and closely related to bacterial pathogenicity, while its exact role in host immune responses during infection remains to be elucidated. to counteract the invaders, the host has evolved numerous strategies, among which the innate immunity and autophagy act as th ... | 2016 | 27666190 |
| iron acquisition pathways and colonization of the inflamed intestine by salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. | salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium is able to expand in the lumen of the inflamed intestine through mechanisms that have not been fully resolved. here we utilized streptomycin-pretreated mice and dextran sodium sulfate (dss)-treated mice to investigate how pathways for s. typhimurium iron acquisition contribute to pathogen expansion in the inflamed intestine. competitive infection with an iron uptake-proficient s. typhimurium strain and mutant strains lacking tonb feob, feob, tonb or iron ... | 2016 | 27760693 |
| complete genome sequence of nc983, a live attenuated strain of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. | foodborne infections caused by salmonella enterica serovars are a significant problem worldwide. presented here is the genome sequence of the nontyphoidal s. enterica serovar typhimurium mutant strain nc983, a potential vaccine candidate. | 2016 | 27738027 |
| bone morphogenetic protein 9 facilitates osteocarcinoma cell apoptosis and inhibits in vivo tumor growth. | osteosarcoma (os) causes millions of death worldwide and, since there is no effective therapy, it is necessary to identify the molecular mechanism of os, which can direct the development of new therapies. this study investigated the role of bone morphogenetic protein 9 (bmp9), a member of the transforming growth factor (tgf)-β family, in os development. this study first examined bmp9 expression in tissue from os patients and normal subjects. the os cell line (mg63) and tumor cells from os patien ... | 2016 | 27706722 |
| genetic determinants of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium proliferation in the cytosol of epithelial cells. | intestinal epithelial cells provide an important colonization niche for salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium during gastrointestinal infections. in infected epithelial cells, a subpopulation of s typhimurium bacteria damage their internalization vacuole, leading to escape from the salmonella-containing vacuole (scv) and extensive proliferation in the cytosol. little is known about the bacterial determinants of nascent scv lysis and subsequent survival and replication of salmonella in the cyto ... | 2016 | 27698022 |
| card9 negatively regulates nlrp3-induced il-1β production on salmonella infection of macrophages. | interleukin-1β (il-1β) is a proinflammatory cytokine required for host control of bacterial infections, and its production must be tightly regulated to prevent excessive inflammation. here we show that caspase recruitment domain-containing protein 9 (card9), a protein associated with induction of proinflammatory cytokines by fungi, has a negative role on il-1β production during bacterial infection. specifically, in response to activation of the nucleotide oligomerization domain receptor pyrin-do ... | 2016 | 27670879 |
| draft genome sequences of 40 salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium strains isolated from humans and food in brazil. | salmonellosis is an important health problem worldwide and salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium is one of the most common isolated serovars. here, we reported the draft genomes of 40 s typhimurium strains isolated from humans and food in brazil. these draft genomes will improve phylogenetic analysis and will help enhance our understanding of strains of this serovar isolated in brazil. | 2016 | 27660768 |
| evaluation of the immunogenicity of diphtheria toxoid conjugated to salmonella typhimurium-derived ops in a mouse model: a potential vaccine candidate against salmonellosis. | salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (s. typhimurium) causes gastroenteritis in humans and paratyphoid disease in some animals. given the emergence of antibiotic resistance, vaccines are more effective than chemotherapy in disease control. | 2016 | 27660722 |
| corrected genome annotations reveal gene loss and antibiotic resistance as drivers in the fitness evolution of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. | horizontal acquisition of novel chromosomal genes is considered to be a key process in the evolution of bacterial pathogens. however, the identification of gene presence or absence could be hindered by the inconsistencies in bacterial genome annotations. here, we performed a cross-annotation of omnipresent core and mosaic accessory genes in the chromosome of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium across a total of 20 fully assembled genomes deposited into genbank. cross-annotation resulted in a ... | 2016 | 27621280 |
| aroa-deficient salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium is more than a metabolically attenuated mutant. | recombinant attenuated salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium strains are believed to act as powerful live vaccine carriers that are able to elicit protection against various pathogens. auxotrophic mutations, such as a deletion of aroa, are commonly introduced into such bacteria for attenuation without incapacitating immunostimulation. in this study, we describe the surprising finding that deletion of aroa dramatically increased the virulence of attenuated salmonella in mouse models. mutant bac ... | 2016 | 27601574 |
| mapping the regulatory network for salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium invasion. | salmonella enterica pathogenicity island 1 (spi-1) encodes proteins required for invasion of gut epithelial cells. the timing of invasion is tightly controlled by a complex regulatory network. the transcription factor (tf) hild is the master regulator of this process and senses environmental signals associated with invasion. hild activates transcription of genes within and outside spi-1, including six other tfs. thus, the transcriptional program associated with host cell invasion is controlled b ... | 2016 | 27601571 |
| efficacy evaluation of commercial disinfectants by using salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium as a test organism. | the efficacies of six commercial disinfectants were evaluated by using salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium under simulated natural conditions such as sub-zero temperature, short disinfecting time, and surface type (uneven or smooth). we used a suspensionmodel test to determine the disinfecting efficacy under varying contact times (1, 5, 10, and 30 min) and temperatures (25°c, 4°c, 0°c, and -10°c). the bactericidal effect according to surface structure was measured by using a carriermodel tes ... | 2017 | 27586462 |
| modulating salmonella typhimurium's response to a changing environment through bacterial enhancer-binding proteins and the rpon regulon. | transcription sigma factors direct the selective binding of rna polymerase holoenzyme (eσ) to specific promoters. two families of sigma factors determine promoter specificity, the σ(70) (rpod) family and the σ(54) (rpon) family. in transcription controlled by σ(54), the eσ(54)-promoter closed complex requires atp hydrolysis by an associated bacterial enhancer-binding protein (bebp) for the transition to open complex and transcription initiation. given the wide host range of salmonella enterica s ... | 2016 | 27583250 |
| antimicrobial susceptibility and internalization of salmonella typhimurium in vacuum-tumbled marinated beef products. | as the incidence of multidrug resistance (mdr) salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium is increasing, data regarding the antimicrobial interventions and pathogen internalization in marinated meat products are important. this study evaluated the antimicrobial intervention and internalization of salm. typhimurium in marinated beef sirloin steaks. beef bottom sirloin flaps (imps #185a; usda select) inoculated (10(8) log10 cfu ml(-1) ) with salm. typhimurium were sprayed (lactic acid (4%) and buf ... | 2016 | 27577863 |
| single-cell analyses reveal an attenuated nf-κb response in the salmonella-infected fibroblast. | the eukaryotic transcriptional regulator nuclear factor kappa b (nf-κb) plays a central role in the defense to pathogens. despite this, few studies have analyzed nf-κb activity in single cells during infection. here, we investigated at the single cell level how nf-κb nuclear localization - a proxy for nf-κb activity - oscillates in infected and uninfected fibroblasts co-existing in cultures exposed to salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. fibroblasts were used due to the capacity of s. typhim ... | 2016 | 27575017 |
| inchi2 plasmids are the key vectors responsible for oqxab transmission among salmonella species. | this study reported and analyzed the complete sequences of two oqxab-bearing inchi2 plasmids harbored by a clinical salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium strain and an s indiana strain of animal origin, respectively. in particular, pa3t recovered from s indiana comprised the resistance determinants oqxab, aac(6')ib-cr, fosa3, and blactx-m-14 further genetic screening of 63 oqxab-positive salmonella isolates revealed that the majority carried inchi2 plasmids, confirming that such plasmids play ... | 2016 | 27572409 |
| biosynthesis of salmonella enterica [nife]-hydrogenase-5: probing the roles of system-specific accessory proteins. | a subset of bacterial [nife]-hydrogenases have been shown to be capable of activating dihydrogen-catalysis under aerobic conditions; however, it remains relatively unclear how the assembly and activation of these enzymes is carried out in the presence of air. acquiring this knowledge is important if a generic method for achieving production of o2-resistant [nife]-hydrogenases within heterologous hosts is to be developed. salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium synthesizes the [nife]-hydrogenase- ... | 2016 | 27566174 |
| bioactive extracts from berry byproducts on the pathogenicity of salmonella typhimurium. | the aim of this study was to evaluate the phenotypic and genotypic properties of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (st) in the presence of lethal and sublethal concentrations (slc2log) of blackberry (rubus fruticosus) and blueberry (vaccinium corymbosum) pomace extracts. antimicrobial susceptibility, physicochemical properties, motility, biofilm formation ability, virulence gene expression patterns, and the ability of st to colonize in chick cecum were evaluated in the presence of these bi ... | 2016 | 27565525 |
| the impact of 18 ancestral and horizontally-acquired regulatory proteins upon the transcriptome and srna landscape of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. | we know a great deal about the genes used by the model pathogen salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium to cause disease, but less about global gene regulation. new tools for studying transcripts at the single nucleotide level now offer an unparalleled opportunity to understand the bacterial transcriptome, and expression of the small rnas (srna) and coding genes responsible for the establishment of infection. here, we define the transcriptomes of 18 mutants lacking virulence-related global regul ... | 2016 | 27564394 |
| the occurrence of salmonella spp. in duck eggs on sale at retail or from catering in england. | since 2010, human salmonellosis outbreaks in the uk have been detected as associated with the consumption of duck eggs. little data are available on the rate of occurrence of salmonella in duck eggs. the aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence of salmonella spp. in duck eggs on sale and from catering in england during 2011, particularly those from small-scale production. all samples were collected independently of human salmonellosis outbreak investigations. composite samples of 6-10 ... | 2016 | 27561893 |
| outer membrane vesicle biosynthesis in salmonella: is there more to gram-negative bacteria? | recent research has focused on the biological role of outer membrane vesicles (omvs), which are derived from the outer membranes (oms) of gram-negative bacteria, and their potential exploitation as therapeutics. omvs have been characterized in many ways and functions. until recently, research focused on hypothetical and empirical models that addressed the molecular mechanisms of omv biogenesis, such as vesicles bulging from the om in various ways. the recently reported study by elhenawy et al. ( ... | 2016 | 27531914 |
| efficacy of tumor-targeting salmonella a1-r on a melanoma patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (pdox) nude-mouse model. | tumor-targeting salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium a1-r (salmonella a1-r) had strong efficacy on a melanoma patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (pdox) nude-mouse model. gfp-expressing salmonella a1-r highly and selectively colonized the pdox melanoma and significantly suppressed tumor growth (p = 0.021). the combination of salmonella a1-r and cisplatinum (cddp), both at low-dose, also significantly suppressed the growth of the melanoma pdox (p = 0.001). salmonella a1-r has future clinical ... | 2016 | 27500926 |
| feeding a high dosage of zinc oxide affects suppressor of cytokine gene expression in salmonella typhimurium infected piglets. | suppressor of cytokine signaling (socs) proteins play an important role in the regulation of the immune response by inhibiting cytokines. here we investigated the effects of zinc oxide fed at three different dosages (lzn=57ppm, mzn=167ppm, hzn=2425ppm) to weaned piglets that were or were not orally infected with salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium dt 104. we detected higher expression of socs3 six days after weaning for all analyzed piglets, regardless of the infection or the zinc feeding, s ... | 2016 | 27496737 |
| intracellular salmonella induces aggrephagy of host endomembranes in persistent infections. | xenophagy has been studied in epithelial cells infected with salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (s. typhimurium). distinct autophagy receptors target this pathogen to degradation after interacting with ubiquitin on the surface of cytosolic bacteria, and the phagophore- and autophagosome-associated protein map1lc3/lc3. glycans exposed in damaged phagosomal membranes and diacylglycerol accumulation in the phagosomal membrane also trigger s. typhimurium xenophagy. how these responses control i ... | 2016 | 27485662 |
| the salmonella effector sopb prevents ros-induced apoptosis of epithelial cells by retarding traf6 recruitment to mitochondria. | microbial pathogens enter host cells by injecting effector proteins of the type iii secretion system (t3ss), which facilitate pathogen translocation across the host cell membrane. these effector proteins exert their effects by modulating a variety of host innate immune responses, thereby facilitating bacterial replication and systemic infection. salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (s.typhimurium) is a clinically important pathogen that causes food poisoning and gastroenteritis. the sopb effe ... | 2016 | 27473656 |
| salmonella and the inflammasome: battle for intracellular dominance. | inflammasomes are macromolecular cytoplasmic complexes that act as signaling platforms for the activation of inflammatory caspases. their activation triggers the processing and secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokines il-1β and il-18, as well as the induction of a specialized form of inflammatory cell death termed pyroptosis. here, we review the mechanisms of inflammasome activation triggered by the intracellular pathogen salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. we highlight the different inf ... | 2017 | 27460804 |
| a salmonella nanoparticle mimic overcomes multidrug resistance in tumours. | salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium is a food-borne pathogen that also selectively grows in tumours and functionally decreases p-glycoprotein (p-gp), a multidrug resistance transporter. here we report that the salmonella type iii secretion effector, sipa, is responsible for p-gp modulation through a pathway involving caspase-3. mimicking the ability of salmonella to reverse multidrug resistance, we constructed a gold nanoparticle system packaged with a sipa corona, and found this bacterial ... | 2016 | 27452236 |
| nutrient deprivation affects salmonella invasion and its interaction with the gastrointestinal microbiota. | salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (s. typhimurium) is a foodborne enteric pathogen and a major cause of gastroenteritis in humans. it is known that molecules derived from the human fecal microbiota downregulate s. typhimurium virulence gene expression and induce a starvation-like response. in this study, s. typhimurium was cultured in minimal media to mimic starvation conditions such as that experienced by s. typhimurium in the human intestinal tract, and the pathogen's virulence in vitro ... | 2016 | 27437699 |
| energy taxis toward host-derived nitrate supports a salmonella pathogenicity island 1-independent mechanism of invasion. | salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium can cross the epithelial barrier using either the invasion-associated type iii secretion system (t3ss-1) or a t3ss-1-independent mechanism that remains poorly characterized. here we show that flagellum-mediated motility supported a t3ss-1-independent pathway for entering ileal peyer's patches in the mouse model. flagellum-dependent invasion of peyer's patches required energy taxis toward nitrate, which was mediated by the methyl-accepting chemotaxis protei ... | 2016 | 27435462 |
| gold nanoparticle-dna aptamer conjugate-assisted delivery of antimicrobial peptide effectively eliminates intracellular salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. | antimicrobial peptides (amps) are a promising new class of antibacterial compounds. however, their applications in the treatment of intracellular pathogenic bacteria have been limited by their in vivo instability and low penetrating ability into mammalian cells. here, we report that gold nanoparticles conjugated with dna aptamer (aunp-apt) efficiently delivered amps into mammalian living systems with enhanced stability of the amps. c-terminally hexahistidine-tagged a3-apo (a3-apo(his)) amps were ... | 2016 | 27424215 |
| regulated delayed synthesis of lipopolysaccharide and enterobacterial common antigen of salmonella typhimurium enhances immunogenicity and cross-protective efficacy against heterologous salmonella challenge. | lipopolysaccharide (lps) o-antigen and enterobacterial common antigen (eca) are two major polysaccharide structures on the surface of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. previous studies have demonstrated that regulated truncation of lps enhances the cross-reaction against conserved outer membrane proteins (omps) from enteric bacteria. we speculate that the regulation of both o-antigen and eca may enhance the induction of immune responses against conserved omps from enteric bacteria. in thi ... | 2016 | 27423383 |
| models of intestinal infection by salmonella enterica: introduction of a new neonate mouse model. | salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium is a foodborne pathogen causing inflammatory disease in the intestine following diarrhea and is responsible for thousands of deaths worldwide. many in vitro investigations using cell culture models are available, but these do not represent the real natural environment present in the intestine of infected hosts. several in vivo animal models have been used to study the host-pathogen interaction and to unravel the immune responses and cellular processes occu ... | 2016 | 27408697 |
| lps remodeling triggers formation of outer membrane vesicles in salmonella. | outer membrane vesicles (omv) are proposed to mediate multiple functions during pathogenesis and symbiosis. however, the mechanisms responsible for omv formation remain poorly understood. it has been shown in eukaryotic membranes that lipids with an inverted-cone shape favor the formation of positive membrane curvatures. based on these studies, we formulated the hypothesis that lipid a deacylation might impose shape modifications that result in the curvature of the outer membrane (om) and subseq ... | 2016 | 27406567 |
| mice deficient in angiopoietin-like protein 2 (angptl2) gene show increased susceptibility to bacterial infection due to attenuated macrophage activity. | macrophages play crucial roles in combatting infectious disease by promoting inflammation and phagocytosis. angiopoietin-like protein 2 (angptl2) is a secreted factor that induces tissue inflammation by attracting and activating macrophages to produce inflammatory cytokines in chronic inflammation-associated diseases such as obesity-associated metabolic syndrome, atherosclerosis, and rheumatoid arthritis. here, we asked whether and how angptl2 activates macrophages in the innate immune response. ... | 2016 | 27402837 |
| licoflavonol is an inhibitor of the type three secretion system of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. | as an important food-borne human pathogen, salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium depends on its type iii secretion system (t3ss) as a major virulence factor to cause disease all over the world. the t3ss secretes effector proteins to facilitate invasion into host cells. in this study, twenty prenylated flavonoids (1-20) were screened for their anti-t3ss activity, revealing that several analogs exhibited strong inhibitory effects on the secretion of salmonella pathogenicity island 1 (spi-1)-asso ... | 2016 | 27387231 |
| beneficial effects of sodium phenylbutyrate administration during infection with salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. | sodium phenylbutyrate (pba) is a derivative of the short-chain fatty acid butyrate and is approved for treatment of urea cycle disorders and progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis type 2. previously known functions include histone deacetylase inhibitor, endoplasmic reticulum stress inhibitor, ammonia sink, and chemical chaperone. here, we show that pba has a previously undiscovered protective role in host mucosal defense during infection. administration of pba to taconic mice resulted in ... | 2016 | 27382022 |
| igg subclasses targeting the flagella of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium can mediate phagocytosis and bacterial killing. | invasive non-typhoidal salmonella are a common cause of invasive disease in immuno-compromised individuals and in children. multi-drug resistance poses challenges to disease control, with a critical need for effective vaccines. flagellin is an attractive vaccine candidate due to surface exposure and high epitope copy number, but its potential as a target for opsonophacytic antibodies is unclear. we examined the effect of targeting flagella with different classes of igg on the interaction between ... | 2016 | 27366588 |
| transfer of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium from beef to tomato through kitchen equipment and the efficacy of intermediate decontamination procedures. | it is well established that a high percentage of foodborne illness is caused by failure of consumers to prepare food in a hygienic manner. indeed, a common practice in households is to use the same kitchen equipment for both raw meat and fresh produce. such a practice may lead to cross-contamination of fruits and vegetables, which are mainly consumed without further processing, with pathogenic microorganisms originating from raw meat. the present study was performed to examine the transfer of th ... | 2016 | 27357047 |
| trna(pro) -mediated downregulation of elongation factor p is required for mgtcbr expression during salmonella infection. | bacterial ribosome requires elongation factor p to translate fragments harbouring consecutive proline codons. given the abundance of orfs with potential ef-p regulated sites, ef-p was assumed to be constitutively expressed. here, we report that the intracellular pathogen salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium decreases efp mrna levels during course of infection. we determined that the decrease in efp mrna is triggered by low levels of charged trna(pro) , a condition that salmonella experiences ... | 2016 | 27350030 |
| hydrosol of thymbra capitata is a highly efficient biocide against salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium biofilms. | salmonella is recognized as one of the most significant enteric foodborne bacterial pathogens. in recent years, the resistance of pathogens to biocides and other environmental stresses, especially when they are embedded in biofilm structures, has led to the search for and development of novel antimicrobial strategies capable of displaying both high efficiency and safety. in this direction, the aims of the present work were to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of hydrosol of the mediterranean s ... | 2016 | 27342550 |
| salmonella mitigates oxidative stress and thrives in the inflamed gut by evading calprotectin-mediated manganese sequestration. | neutrophils hinder bacterial growth by a variety of antimicrobial mechanisms, including the production of reactive oxygen species and the secretion of proteins that sequester nutrients essential to microbes. a major player in this process is calprotectin, a host protein that exerts antimicrobial activity by chelating zinc and manganese. here we show that the intestinal pathogen salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium uses specialized metal transporters to evade calprotectin sequestration of mang ... | 2016 | 27281571 |
| phenotypic and genetic changes in the life cycle of small colony variants of salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium induced by streptomycin. | small colony variants (scvs), constituting a slow-growing subpopulation of bacteria that facilitates persistence in lethal environmental conditions, are able to revert to the phenotype of rapid growth for further proliferation and transmission. salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium is one of the most important foodborne pathogens. this study investigated the genetic mechanisms how scvs induced by streptomycin reverted to the fast-growing phenotype and the phenotypic changes of scvs among thei ... | 2016 | 27245674 |
| poor biofilm-forming ability and long-term survival of invasive salmonella typhimurium st313. | salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium, an enteric pathogen that causes a self-limiting gastroenteritis, forms biofilms on different surfaces. in sub-saharan africa, salmonella typhimurium of a novel sequence type (st) 313 was identified and produces septicemia in the absence of gastroenteritis. no animal reservoir has been identified, and it is hypothesized that transmission occurs via human to human. in this study, we show that invasive salmonella typhimurium st313 strains from mali are poor ... | 2016 | 27222487 |
| comparison of methods for quantitating salmonella enterica typhimurium and heidelberg strain attachment to reusable plastic shipping container coupons and preliminary assessment of sanitizer efficacy. | salmonella serovars, one of the leading contributors to foodborne illness and are especially problematic for foods that are not cooked before consumption, such as fresh produce. the shipping containers that are used to transport and store fresh produce may play a role in cross contamination and subsequent illnesses. however, methods for quantitatively attached cells are somewhat variable. the overall goal of this study was to compare conventional plating with molecular methods for quantitating a ... | 2016 | 27192211 |
| strains, mechanism, and perspective: salmonella-based cancer therapy. | recently, investigation of bacterial-based tumor therapy has regained focus due to progress in molecular, cellular, and microbial biology. many bacteria such as salmonella, listeria, escherichia, and clostridium have proved to have tumor targeting and in some cases even tumor-destroying phenotypes. furthermore, bacterial clinical treatments for cancer have been improved by combination with other therapeutic methods such as chemotherapeutic drugs and radioactive agents. synthetic biology techniqu ... | 2016 | 27190519 |
| pediatric epidemic of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium in the area of l'aquila, italy, four years after a catastrophic earthquake. | a salmonella enterica epidemic occurred in children of the area of l'aquila (central italy, abruzzo region) between june 2013 and october 2014, four years after the catastrophic earthquake of 6 april 2009. | 2016 | 27164121 |
| rapid dna transformation in salmonella typhimurium by the hydrogel exposure method. | even with advances in molecular cloning and dna transformation, new or alternative methods that permit dna penetration in salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar typhimurium are required in order to use this pathogen in biotechnological or medical applications. in this work, an adapted protocol of bacterial transformation with plasmid dna based on the "yoshida effect" was applied and optimized on salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium lt2 reference strain. the plasmid transference based ... | 2016 | 27154729 |
| bacteriophages with potential to inactivate salmonella typhimurium: use of single phage suspensions and phage cocktails. | the aim of this study was to compare the dynamics of three previously isolated bacteriophages (or phages) individually (phse-1, phse-2 and phse-5) or combined in cocktails of two or three phages (phse-1/phse-2, phse-1/phse-5, phse-2/phse-5 and phse-1/phse-2/phse-5) to control salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (salmonella typhimurium) in order to evaluate their potential application during depuration. phages were assigned to the family siphoviridae and revealed identical restriction digest ... | 2016 | 27126773 |
| outbreak of unusual salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium monophasic variant 1,4 [5],12:i:-, italy, june 2013 to september 2014. | monophasic variant of salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar typhimurium (monophasic s. typhimurium), with antigenic structure 1,4,[5],12:i:-, appears to be of increasing importance in europe. in italy, monophasic s. typhimurium represented the third most frequent salmonella serovar isolated from human cases between 2004 and 2008. from june 2013 to october 2014, a total of 206 human cases of salmonellosis were identified in abruzzo region (central italy). obtained clinical isolates char ... | 2016 | 27105170 |
| assessing the effect of sodium dichloroisocyanurate concentration on transfer of salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium in wash water for production of minimally processed iceberg lettuce (lactuca sativa l.). | this study evaluated the impact of sodium dichloroisocyanurate (5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 250 mg l(-1) ) in wash water on transfer of salmonella typhimurium from contaminated lettuce to wash water and then to other noncontaminated lettuces washed sequentially in the same water. experiments were designed mimicking the conditions commonly seen in minimally processed vegetable (mpv) processing plants in brazil. the scenarios were as follows: (1) washing one inoculated lettuce portion in nonchlorina ... | 2016 | 27105015 |
| complete genome sequence of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium strain so3 (sequence type 302) isolated from a baby with meningitis in mexico. | the complete genome of italic! salmonella entericaserovar typhimurium strain so3 (sequence type 302), isolated from a fatal meningitis infection in mexico, was determined using pacbio technology. the chromosome hosts six complete prophages and is predicted to harbor 51 genomic islands, including 13 pathogenicity islands (spis). it carries the italic! salmonellavirulence plasmid (pstv). | 2016 | 27103717 |
| complete genome sequence of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium strain yu15 (sequence type 19) harboring the salmonella genomic island 1 and virulence plasmid pstv. | the complete genome ofsalmonella entericasubsp.entericaserovar typhimurium sequence type 19 (st19) strain yu15, isolated in yucatán, mexico, from a human baby stool culture, was determined using pacbio technology. the chromosome contains five intact prophages and thesalmonellagenomic island 1 (sgi1). this strain carries thesalmonellavirulence plasmid pstv. | 2016 | 27081132 |
| depletion of butyrate-producing clostridia from the gut microbiota drives an aerobic luminal expansion of salmonella. | the mammalian intestine is host to a microbial community that prevents pathogen expansion through unknown mechanisms, while antibiotic treatment can increase susceptibility to enteric pathogens. here we show that streptomycin treatment depleted commensal, butyrate-producing clostridia from the mouse intestinal lumen, leading to decreased butyrate levels, increased epithelial oxygenation, and aerobic expansion of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. epithelial hypoxia and salmonella restricti ... | 2016 | 27078066 |
| selection and characterization of aptamers using a modified whole cell bacterium selex for the detection of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. | this study describes the selection of single-stranded dna (ssdna) aptamers against salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium using a modified whole cell systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (whole cell selex). for evolving specific aptamers, ten rounds of selection to live salmonella cells, alternating with negative selection against a cocktail of related pathogens, were performed. the resulting highly enriched oligonucleotide pools were sequenced and clustered into eight grou ... | 2016 | 27070414 |
| ctx-m-27 producing salmonella enterica serotypes typhimurium and indiana are prevalent among food-producing animals in china. | salmonella spp. is one of the most important food-borne pathogens causing digestive tract and invasive infections in both humans and animals. extended-spectrum β-lactamases (esbls) especially the ctx-m-type esbls are increasingly being reported worldwide and in china. these studies seldom focused on salmonella isolates from food-producing animals. the aim of this study was to characterize the antimicrobial resistance profiles, serotypes and esbls and in particular, ctx-m producing salmonella iso ... | 2016 | 27065989 |
| impacts of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium and its speg gene on the transcriptomes of in vitro m cells and caco-2 cells. | microfold or membranous (m) cells are specialized intestinal epithelial cells responsible for host immunity. the speg mutant of salmonella typhimurium (s. typhimurium) is a nonreplicating strain within human cells to be a candidate vaccine vector for interacting with m cells. we conducted this study to identify the genes are differently expressed between in vitro m cells and caco-2 cells, and to determine whether s. typhimurium and speg affect the transcriptomes of both cell types. in vitro m ce ... | 2016 | 27064787 |
| multiple roles of putrescine and spermidine in stress resistance and virulence of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. | polyamines (putrescine and spermidine) are small-cationic amines ubiquitous in nature and present in most living cells. in recent years they have been linked to virulence of several human pathogens including shigella spp and salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (s. typhimurium). central to s. typhimurium virulence is the ability to survive and replicate inside macrophages and resisting the antimicrobial attacks in the form of oxidative and nitrosative stress elicited from these cells. in the ... | 2016 | 27041598 |
| salmonella typhimurium infection primes a nutriprive mechanism in piglets. | salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (s. typhimurium) is an important cause of acute food- borne zoonoses worldwide, typically carried by pigs. it is well known that salmonella has evolved a wide array of strategies enabling it to invade the host, but little information is available on the specific host responses to salmonella infections. in the present study, we used an in vivo approach (involving piglets infected with a virulent or an attenuated s. typhimurium strain) coupled to histologica ... | 2016 | 27016766 |
| immunogenicity and cross-protective efficacy induced by outer membrane proteins from salmonella typhimurium mutants with truncated lps in mice. | lipopolysaccharide (lps) is a major virulence factor present in the outer membrane of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (s. typhimurium). outer membrane proteins (omps) from salmonella show high immunogenicity and provide protection against salmonella infection, and truncated lps alters the outer membrane composition of the cell wall. in our previous study, we demonstrated that salmonella mutants carrying truncated lps failed to induce strong immune responses and cross-reaction to other en ... | 2016 | 27011167 |
| antioxidant defense by thioredoxin can occur independently of canonical thiol-disulfide oxidoreductase enzymatic activity. | the thiol-disulfide oxidoreductase cxxc catalytic domain of thioredoxin contributes to antioxidant defense in phylogenetically diverse organisms. we find that although the oxidoreductase activity of thioredoxin-1 protects salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium from hydrogen peroxide in vitro, it does not appear to contribute to salmonella's antioxidant defenses in vivo. nonetheless, thioredoxin-1 defends salmonella from oxidative stress resulting from nadph phagocyte oxidase macrophage expressi ... | 2016 | 26997275 |
| increased efficacy of inactivated vaccine candidates prepared with salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium strains of predominant genotypes in ducks. | salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium has been a major causative agent of food-borne human disease, mainly due to consumption of contaminated food animal products. in particular, ducks serve as a reservoir of serovar typhimurium, and are one of the common sources of human infection. to prevent infection of ducks, and therefore minimize human infection, it is critical to control the persistent epidemic strains in ducks. here, we analyzed the genetic diversity and virulence of serovar typhimuriu ... | 2016 | 26994209 |
| specific monoclonal antibody overcomes the salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium's adaptive mechanisms of intramacrophage survival and replication. | salmonella-specific antibodies play an important role in host immunity; however, the mechanisms of salmonella clearance by pathogen-specific antibodies remain to be completely elucidated since previous studies on antibody-mediated protection have yielded inconsistent results. these inconsistencies are at least partially attributable to the use of polyclonal antibodies against salmonella antigens. here, we developed a new monoclonal antibody (mab)-449 and identified its related immunogen that pro ... | 2016 | 26986057 |
| proteomic insight into the effects of the salmonella ubiquitin ligase slrp on host cells. | the virulence of the human and animal pathogen salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium is dependent on two type iii secretion systems. these systems translocate proteins called effectors into eukaryotic host cells. slrp is a salmonella type iii secretion effector with ubiquitin ligase activity. here, we used two complementary proteomic approaches, two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and itraq (isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification) to study the consequences of the presence of sl ... | 2016 | 26966069 |
| global genomic epidemiology of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium dt104. | it has been 30 years since the initial emergence and subsequent rapid global spread of multidrug-resistant salmonella entericaserovar typhimurium dt104 (mdr dt104). nonetheless, its origin and transmission route have never been revealed. we used whole-genome sequencing (wgs) and temporally structured sequence analysis within a bayesian framework to reconstruct temporal and spatial phylogenetic trees and estimate the rates of mutation and divergence times of 315s typhimurium dt104 isolates sample ... | 2016 | 26944846 |
| characterization of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium isolates from pigs and pig environment-related sources and evidence of new circulating monophasic strains in spain. | a total of 117 salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium and 59 monophasic salmonella typhimurium (s. enterica serovar 4,[5],12:i:-) strains isolated between 2008 and 2012 from pig, wild bird, rodent, and farm environment samples from the northeast of spain were characterized by phage typing, antibiotic susceptibility testing, and multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis in order to evaluate their phenotypic and genetic relatedness. in salmonella 4,[5],12:i:-, the most prevalent phage ... | 2016 | 26939650 |
| optimizing salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium for bacteria-mediated tumor therapy. | bacteria-mediated tumor therapy using salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium is a therapeutic option with great potential. numerous studies explored the potential of salmonella typhimurium for therapeutic applications, however reconciling safety with vectorial efficacy remains a major issue. recently we have described a conditionally attenuated salmonella vector that is based on genetic lipopolysaccharide modification. this vector combines strong attenuation with appropriate anti-tumor properti ... | 2016 | 26939530 |
| detection of a novel gyrb mutation associated with fluoroquinolone-nonsusceptible salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium isolated from a bloodstream infection in ghana. | a multidrug-resistant salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium with reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin was isolated from the blood of a hospitalized child in ghana. dna sequencing identified a novel gyrb mutation at codon 466 (glu466asp). an increase in fluoroquinolone susceptibility after the introduction of a wild-type gyrb(+) allele demonstrated that the gyrb466 mutation had a direct effect on fluoroquinolone susceptibility. | 2016 | 26933021 |
| determination of the stoichiometry of the complete bacterial type iii secretion needle complex using a combined quantitative proteomic approach. | precisely knowing the stoichiometry of their components is critical for investigating structure, assembly, and function of macromolecular machines. this has remained a technical challenge in particular for large, hydrophobic membrane-spanning protein complexes. here, we determined the stoichiometry of a type iii secretion system of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium using two complementary protocols of gentle complex purification combined with peptide concatenated standard and synthetic sta ... | 2016 | 26900162 |
| intestinal long-chain fatty acids act as a direct signal to modulate expression of the salmonella pathogenicity island 1 type iii secretion system. | salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium uses the salmonella pathogenicity island 1 (spi1) type iii secretion system (t3ss) to induce inflammatory diarrhea and bacterial uptake into intestinal epithelial cells. the expression of hila, encoding the transcriptional activator of the t3ss structural genes, is directly controlled by three arac-like regulators, hild, hilc, and rtsa, each of which can activate hild, hilc, rtsa, and hila genes, forming a complex feed-forward regulatory loop. expression o ... | 2016 | 26884427 |
| elmo1 has an essential role in the internalization of salmonella typhimurium into enteric macrophages that impacts disease outcome. | 4-6 million people die of enteric infections each year. after invading intestinal epithelial cells, enteric bacteria encounter phagocytes. however, little is known about how phagocytes internalize the bacteria to generate host responses. previously, we have shown that bai1 (brain angiogenesis inhibitor 1) binds and internalizes gram-negative bacteria through an elmo1 (engulfment and cell motility protein 1)/rac1-dependent mechanism. here we delineate the role of elmo1 in host inflammatory respon ... | 2015 | 26878033 |
| a multi-drug resistant salmonella typhimurium st213 human-invasive strain (33676) containing the bla cmy-2 gene on an incf plasmid is attenuated for virulence in balb/c mice. | classical strains of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (typhimurium) predominantly cause a self-limiting diarrheal illness in humans and a systemic disease in mice. in this study, we report the characterization of a strain isolated from a blood-culture taken from a 15-year old woman suffering from invasive severe salmonellosis, refractory to conventional therapy with extended-spectrum cephalosporin (esc). | 2016 | 26862033 |
| retinoic acid decreases the severity of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium mediated gastroenteritis in a mouse model. | gastroenteritis is a global burden; it's the major cause of morbidity and mortality both in adults and children of developing countries. salmonella is one of the leading causes of bacteria-mediated gastroenteritis and due to its increasing multidrug antibiotic resistance; salmonella-mediated gastroenteritis is difficult to control. retinoic acid, the biologically active agent of vitamin a has an anti-inflammatory effect on experimental colitis. in this study we have shown all trans retinoic acid ... | 2016 | 26858186 |
| novel small rna (srna) landscape of the starvation-stress response transcriptome of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. | small rnas (srnas) are short (∼50-200 nucleotides) noncoding rnas that regulate cellular activities across bacteria. salmonella enterica starved of a carbon-energy (c) source experience a host of genetic and physiological changes broadly referred to as the starvation-stress response (ssr). in an attempt to identify novel srnas contributing to ssr control, we grew log-phase, 5-h c-starved and 24-h c-starved cultures of the virulent salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar typhimurium strai ... | 2016 | 26853797 |
| antibacterial flavonoids from medicinal plants covalently inactivate type iii protein secretion substrates. | traditional chinese medicines (tcms) have been historically used to treat bacterial infections. however, the molecules responsible for these anti-infective properties and their potential mechanisms of action have remained elusive. using a high-throughput assay for type iii protein secretion in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium, we discovered that several tcms can attenuate this key virulence pathway without affecting bacterial growth. among the active tcms, we discovered that baicalein, a ... | 2016 | 26847396 |
| a diva vaccine for cross-protection against salmonella. | swine are often asymptomatic carriers of salmonella spp., a leading cause of human bacterial foodborne disease. vaccination against salmonella is effective for protecting animal health and enhancing food safety. however, with >2500 salmonella serovars, current vaccines for swine offer limited cross-protection against heterologous serovars. also, existing vaccines can interfere with surveillance programs that monitor the salmonella status of swine herds. to overcome salmonella vaccine limitations ... | 2016 | 26836212 |
| salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium exploits inflammation to modify swine intestinal microbiota. | salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium is an important zoonotic gastrointestinal pathogen responsible for foodborne disease worldwide. it is a successful enteric pathogen because it has developed virulence strategies allowing it to survive in a highly inflamed intestinal environment exploiting inflammation to overcome colonization resistance provided by intestinal microbiota. in this study, we used piglets featuring an intact microbiota, which naturally develop gastroenteritis, as model for sal ... | 2015 | 26835435 |
| [epidemiological and laboratory investigations on an infant case with diarrhea caused by salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium]. | | 2015 | 26833017 |
| molecular analysis of the adaptive response in salmonella typhimurium after starvation in salty conditions. | the pathogenic bacterium salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium elicits a variety of genetic programs to adapt to stress conditions encountered within hostile environments such as host phagocytes and preserved food. | 2016 | 26829540 |
| development of functional microfold (m) cells from intestinal stem cells in primary human enteroids. | intestinal microfold (m) cells are specialized epithelial cells that act as gatekeepers of luminal antigens in the intestinal tract. they play a critical role in the intestinal mucosal immune response through transport of viruses, bacteria and other particles and antigens across the epithelium to immune cells within peyer's patch regions and other mucosal sites. recent studies in mice have demonstrated that m cells are generated from lgr5+ intestinal stem cells (iscs), and that infection with sa ... | 2016 | 26820624 |
| protein acetylation is involved in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium virulence. | salmonella causes a range of diseases in different hosts, including enterocolitis and systemic infection. lysine acetylation regulates many eukaryotic cellular processes, but its function in bacteria is largely unexplored. the acetyltransferase pat and nad(+)-dependent deacetylase cobb are involved in the reversible protein acetylation in salmonella typhimurium. here, we used cell and animal models to evaluate the virulence of pat and cobb deletion mutants in s. typhimurium and found that pat is ... | 2016 | 26810370 |
| a conditionally lethal mutant of salmonella typhimurium induces a protective response in mice. | here we present the design of a conditionally lethal mutant of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (s. typhimurium) which growth depends on tetracycline (tet). four mutants of s. typhimurium, with tet-conditional growth, were created by inserting the tetra cassette. three of the mutants presented a conditional-lethal phenotype in vitro. one mutant in the yabb gene remained conditional inside cells and did not persisted after 24 h in cell cultures. the capacity of s. typhimurium yabb::tetra t ... | 2016 | 26792728 |
| dual rna-seq unveils noncoding rna functions in host-pathogen interactions. | bacteria express many small rnas for which the regulatory roles in pathogenesis have remained poorly understood due to a paucity of robust phenotypes in standard virulence assays. here we use a generic 'dual rna-seq' approach to profile rna expression simultaneously in pathogen and host during salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium infection and reveal the molecular impact of bacterial riboregulators. we identify a phop-activated small rna, pint, which upon bacterial internalization temporally ... | 2016 | 26789254 |
| genes required for the fitness of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium during infection of immunodeficient gp91-/- phox mice. | salmonella enterica causes systemic diseases (typhoid and paratyphoid fever), nontyphoidal septicemia (nts), and gastroenteritis in humans and other animals worldwide. an important but underrecognized emerging infectious disease problem in sub-saharan africa is nts in children and immunocompromised adults. a current goal is to identify salmonella mutants that are not pathogenic in the absence of key components of the immune system such as might be found in immunocompromised hosts. such attenuate ... | 2016 | 26787719 |
| infiltration of matrix-non-producers weakens the salmonella biofilm and impairs its antimicrobial tolerance and pathogenicity. | bacterial biofilms display a collective lifestyle, wherein the cells secrete extracellular polymeric substances (eps) that helps in adhesion, aggregation, stability, and to protect the bacteria from antimicrobials. we asked whether the eps could act as a public good for the biofilm and observed that infiltration of cells that do not produce matrix components weakened the biofilm of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. eps production was costly for the producing cells, as indicated by a signi ... | 2015 | 26779121 |
| bacteria and genetically modified bacteria as cancer therapeutics: current advances and challenges. | bacteria act as pro- or anti- tumorigenic agents. whole bacteria or cytotoxic or immunogenic peptides carried by them exert potent anti-tumor effects in the experimental models of cancer. the use of attenuated microorganism(s) e.g., bcg to treat human urinary bladder cancer was found to be superior compared to standard chemotherapy. although the phase-i clinical trials with salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium, has shown limited benefits in human subjects, a recent pre-clinical trial in pet d ... | 2017 | 26778055 |
| location, location, location. salmonella senses ethanolamine to gauge distinct host environments and coordinate gene expression. | chemical and nutrient signaling mediate all cellular processes, ensuring survival in response to changing environmental conditions. ethanolamine is a component of phosphatidylethanolamine, a major phospholipid of mammalian and bacterial cell membranes. ethanolamine is abundant in the gastrointestinal (gi) tract from dietary sources as well as from the normal turnover of intestinal epithelial and bacterial cells in the gut. additionally, mammalian cells maintain intracellular ethanolamine concent ... | 2016 | 28357338 |
| assessing salmonella typhimurium persistence in poultry carcasses under multiple thermal conditions consistent with composting and wet rendering. | mitigation of salmonella associated with poultry carcasses is primarily accomplished by rendering or carcass composting. while rendering temperatures and pressures are well established for pathogen inactivation in poultry carcasses, parameters controlling composting processes are less defined in part because multiple conditions and procedures are utilized. consequently, limited knowledge exists describing the impacts of composting with varying temperature and mixing protocols with respect to the ... | 2016 | 26769271 |
| salmonella plasmid virulence gene spvb enhances bacterial virulence by inhibiting autophagy in a zebrafish infection model. | salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (s. typhimurium) is a facultative intracellular pathogen that can cause gastroenteritis and systemic infection in a wide range of hosts. salmonella plasmid virulence gene spvb is closely related to bacterial virulence in different cells and animal models, and the encoded protein acts as an intracellular toxin required for adp-ribosyl transferase activity. however, until now there is no report about the pathogenecity of spvb gene on zebrafish. due to the ou ... | 2016 | 26723267 |
| single passage in mouse organs enhances the survival and spread of salmonella enterica. | intravenous inoculation of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium into mice is a prime experimental model of invasive salmonellosis. the use of wild-type isogenic tagged strains (wits) in this system has revealed that bacteria undergo independent bottlenecks in the liver and spleen before establishing a systemic infection. we recently showed that those bacteria that survived the bottleneck exhibited enhanced growth when transferred to naive mice. in this study, we set out to disentangle the com ... | 2015 | 26701880 |
| salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium growth is inhibited by the concomitant binding of zn(ii) and a pyrrolyl-hydroxamate to znua, the soluble component of the znuabc transporter. | under conditions of zn(ii) deficiency, the most relevant high affinity zn(ii) transport system synthesized by many gram-negative bacteria is the znuabc transporter. znuabc is absent in eukaryotes and plays an important role in bacterial virulence. consequently, znua, the periplasmic component of the transporter, appeared as a good target candidate to find new compounds able to contrast bacterial growth by interfering with zn(ii) uptake. | 2016 | 26691136 |
| [molecular characterization of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium strains isolated from humans in turkey]. | multidrug resistant (mdr) salmonella infections, especially infections due to salmonella typhimurium dt104 phage type strains are an important public health issue in many parts of the world. s.typhimurium is the most common serotype isolated from clinical samples in turkey but we have limited data about the phage types of these isolates. the aims of this study were to find out whether these mdr s.typhimurium isolates are dt104 phage type isolates and have class 1 integrons and to investigate the ... | 2015 | 26649408 |
| dissecting the cyclic di-guanylate monophosphate signalling network regulating motility in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. | | 2015 | 26634795 |
| physiologic stresses reveal a salmonella persister state and ta family toxins modulate tolerance to these stresses. | bacterial persister cells are considered a basis for chronic infections and relapse caused by bacterial pathogens. persisters are phenotypic variants characterized by low metabolic activity and slow or no replication. this low metabolic state increases pathogen tolerance to antibiotics and host immune defenses that target actively growing cells. in this study we demonstrate that within a population of salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium, a small percentage of bacteria are reversibly toleran ... | 2015 | 26633172 |
| re-engineering cellular physiology by rewiring high-level global regulatory genes. | knowledge of global regulatory networks has been exploited to rewire the gene control programmes of the model bacterium salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. the product is an organism with competitive fitness that is superior to that of the wild type but tuneable under specific growth conditions. the paralogous hns and stpa global regulatory genes are located in distinct regions of the chromosome and control hundreds of target genes, many of which contribute to stress resistance. the locatio ... | 2015 | 26631971 |
| effects of domestic storage and thawing practices on salmonella in poultry-based meat preparations. | among consumer food handling practices, time-temperature abuse has been reported as one of the most common contributory factors in salmonellosis outbreaks where the evidence is strong. the present study performed storage tests of burgers, sausages, and kebabs and investigated (i) the effect of refrigerator temperatures (4°c versus 8 or 12°c, which were the temperatures recorded in 33 and 3%, respectively, of domestic refrigerators in italy), with or without prior temperature abuse (25°c for 2 h, ... | 2015 | 26613905 |
| transcription factor batf3 is important for development of cd8+ t-cell response against a phagosomal bacterium regardless of the location of antigen. | salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (st) is a virulent intracellular bacterium that conceals itself in the phagosomes of infected cells. although cd8(+) t cells promote protection against various intracellular pathogens, the role of cd8(+) t cells against virulent st has been unclear due to early fatality of susceptible (b6) mice. herein, we generated mhc i-deficient mice on the resistant (129svj) and susceptible (nramp1 transgenic b6) background to evaluate the role of cd8(+) t cells agains ... | 2016 | 26567886 |