| ph dependence of hydrogen exchange from backbone peptide amides in apamin. | the kinetics of hydrogen exchange of the 11 most protected backbone amides of bee venom apamin have been measured between ph 1 and ph 8.5 by using time-resolved and saturation-transfer nmr spectroscopy. the five amides most protected from base-catalyzed exchange, those of residues 5 and 12-15, show highly correlated exchange behavior in the base-catalyzed regime. it is proposed that the intramolecular hydrogen bonds stabilizing these amides define a stable cooperative unit of secondary structure ... | 1986 | 3741839 |
| lack of responsiveness of beekeeper mononuclear cells to in vitro stimulation with pure bee venom. | lymphocyte proliferation activity after in vitro bee venom (bv) stimulation was examined in a group of patients allergic to bee stings and in a group of beekeepers. although the allergic patients responded strongly to increasing doses of bv, the beekeepers demonstrated no proliferative activity and an inability to produce interleukin-2 after bv stimulation. removal of adherent cells or various populations of suppressor cells, including t gamma cells and okt8 positive cells, did not influence the ... | 1986 | 3487563 |
| bee, wasp, and hornet stings. | | 1986 | 3332330 |
| historical estimates of external gamma exposure and collective external gamma exposure from testing at the nevada test site. i. test series through hardtack ii, 1958. | in 1959, the test manager's committee to establish fallout doses calculated estimated external gamma exposure at populated locations based upon measurements of external gamma-exposure rate. using these calculations and estimates of population, we have tabulated the collective estimated external gamma exposures for communities within established fallout patterns. the total collective estimated external gamma exposure is 85,000 person-r. the greatest collective exposures occurred in three general ... | 1986 | 3332000 |
| sexual dimorphism in catasetum orchids: forcible pollen emplacement and male flower competition. | orchids of the neotropical genus catasetum have sexually dimorphic flowers; that is, male and female flowers are distinctly different in shape and color. male flowers forcibly attach a large pollinarium onto euglossine bees. euglossa bees leave the male flower in response to pollinarium emplacement by catasetum ochraceum and subsequently avoid male but not female flowers. this evidence suggests that sexual dimorphism promotes pollination. the aversion of the bee to pollinarium attachment and its ... | 1986 | 17773505 |
| antagonistic effects of hexose 1,6-bisphosphates and fructose 2,6-bisphosphate on the activity of 6-phosphofructokinase purified from honey-bee flight muscle. | 6-phosphofructokinase purified from honey-bee flight muscle is inhibited by atp and, unusually, by glucose 1,6-bisphosphate and fructose 1,6-bisphosphate. the inhibition by either of the bisphosphates is not relieved by amp, but is relieved by fructose 6-phosphate and especially by fructose 2,6-bisphosphate. lack of effect by amp is consistent with a low activity of adenylate kinase in this muscle. | 1986 | 2947573 |
| [allergic reactions to bee and wasp venoms: epidemiological and clinical aspects]. | | 1986 | 3724910 |
| predator deterrence by mandibular gland secretions of bees (hymenoptera: apoidea). | volatile lipids from the mandibular gland secretions of bees (hymenoptera: apoidea) are potent olfactory repellents of foraging ants (formica, crematogaster) in biologically relevant contexts and quantities. in contrast, differential success in capture of bee and fly prey by predatory asilid flies (efferia), reduviid bugs (apiomerus), and arachnids (agelenopsis, argiope) is better explained by prey size than by chemical repellence, aposematism, or possession of a sting. supernormal doses of some ... | 1986 | 24307110 |
| free amino acids in bee hive product (propolis) as identified and quantified by gas-liquid chromatography. | propolis is a natural resinous product collected by honey bees and containing, among other biochemical constituents, a variety of free amino acids. acid extraction and quantification of these amino acids by gas-liquid chromatography reveals that their total concentration in this honey bee product is over 40% w/w, and that arginine and proline constitutes over 50% of the crude acid extract. as propolis was shown to stimulate mammalian tissue regeneration, we suggest that the physiological signifi ... | 1986 | 3749241 |
| evaluation of decline in serum venom-specific ige as a criterion for stopping venom immunotherapy. | during a 7-year period, venom immunotherapy has been stopped in 57 patients because of a fall in ige antibody titers to insignificant levels (rast less than 10% std). all patients had a history of venom anaphylaxis and elevated venom-specific ige before therapy. maintenance doses of 50 micrograms were administered every 4 to 6 weeks; 30 patients received yellow jacket venom, and 16 patients received honeybee venom only. therapy was stopped after treatment from 1 to 8 years (mean 2.8 years). repe ... | 1986 | 3711549 |
| biochemical characterization of the phospholipase a2 purified from the venom of the mexican beaded lizard (heloderma horridum horridum wiegmann). | a phospholipase a2 was isolated from the venom of the mexican beaded lizard (heloderma horridum horridum) by phenyl-sepharose chromatography followed by sephadex g-75 gel filtration and two additional steps on ion exchange resins (de-32 cellulose). the affinity chromatographic method (pc-sepharose 4b) reported for the isolation of other phospholipases [rock, ch. o., & snyder, f. (1975) j. biol. chem. 250, 2564-2566; king, t. p., alagon, a. c., kwan, j., sobotka, a. k., & lichteinstein, l. m. (19 ... | 1986 | 3087412 |
| occupational allergy to honeybee-body dust in a honey-processing plant. | we studied a honey-plant employee who developed severe asthma coincident with the seasonal honey-packing process. symptoms correlated with duration of exposure inside the plant during the honey pack and improved in other environments during that season. the patient was asymptomatic inside the plant at other times of the year. skin tests to seasonal outdoor aeroallergens were negative, as were inhalation challenges with two insecticides used inside the building during the honey pack. skin test, r ... | 1986 | 3700899 |
| inhibition of complement activation by igg4 antibodies. | prolonged exposure to antigens may result in high igg4 antibody titres as was shown in a previous paper (aalberse et al., 1983b). in novice bee keepers, a shift in the igg1/igg4 ratio of the response against phospholipase-a (pla; a major component of bee venom) occurred. this resulted in an igg4-dominated response after approximately 2 years of bee-keeping experience. subject of the present study was the influence of relatively high concentrations of igg4 antibodies on the biological activity of ... | 1986 | 3488859 |
| bee venom and arthritis: magic, myth or medicine? | | 1986 | 3010202 |
| distribution of gaba-like immunoreactivity in the brain of the honeybee. | the distribution of gaba-like immunoreactivity in the brain of the honeybee was investigated with antisera generated against gaba protein conjugates. the binding of the antisera in paraffin serial sections was studied with the peroxidase-antiperoxidase method. gaba-like immunoreactive fibers appeared in all main neuropile areas. the staining of the optic lobes showed pronounced stratification. the receptor cells of compound eyes, ocelli, and antennae were not labelled. several prominent fiber tr ... | 1986 | 3700720 |
| [allergy to insect venoms. study of a population of apiculturists]. | the results of a study conducted on a group of local beekeepers are presented. total ige and specific ige for bee and wasp venom were assayed and these data correlated with anamnestic details obtained by means of a questionnaire. | 1986 | 3703362 |
| different patterns of antigen-induced histamine release during immunotherapy in insect venom and pollen allergy. | antigen-induced histamine release from whole blood was shown to be a suitable parameter for the diagnosis of hypersensitivity in both patients allergic to bee or wasp venom as well as in patients suffering from seasonal tree pollen allergy. although both groups were treated successfully by specific immunotherapy, only in patients with insect allergy venom induced histamine release decreased significantly during therapy, whereas, in the patient with pollinosis, pollen induced histamine release di ... | 1986 | 2425587 |
| the conformation of apamin. | energy minimization techniques are used as a tool to distinguish between different proposed models for the structure of the bee venom polypeptide apamin. the influence of electrostatic interactions on the resultant energies is noted. the model of hider and ragnarsson [(1980) febs lett. 111, 189-193] is found to be of consistently low energy. | 1986 | 3949016 |
| selective olfactory choices of the honeybee among sunflower aromas: a study by combined olfactory conditioning and chemical analysis. | a bioassay based on an olfactory conditioning method simulating the foraging situation in laboratory conditions was coupled with chemical analysis of volatile sunflower blends. behavioural data obtained from for-agers'responses to volatile fraction point out that honeybees need to use only a limited fraction acting as a "simplified aromatic pattern" of the plant, among hundreds of compounds constituting the whole aroma. this active fraction included 27 polar compounds among which 14 were identif ... | 1986 | 24306916 |
| sterility in honey bees caused by dimethyl sulfoxide. | honey bee (apis mellifera) semen was treated as follows: diluted in saline with 10 percent dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso) and stored at -196 degrees c; same treatment but stored at 12 degrees c; diluted in saline and stored at 12 degrees c; and undiluted, unstored semen. daughters (queens) produced from the treated spermatozoa were evaluated for total sterility. only sterile eggs were produced from 3 percent of the queens in both groups that had dmso (5/166 in group 1, and 6/234 in group 2). they wer ... | 2013 | 3711640 |
| effects of melittin on a model renal epithelium, the toad urinary bladder. | the bee venom melittin, 10(-6) m, on the mucosal (urinary) side of the toad urinary bladder (in vitro), markedly decreased transepithelial potential difference, short-circuit current (isc, sodium-dependent) and resistance. however, these effects were not seen when the toxin was placed on the opposite (serosal) side of the membrane preparation. the electrical effects were accompanied by a large increase in the transepithelial permeability to 22na. the response was not changed by meclofenamic acid ... | 1986 | 3080022 |
| apis mellifera: honeybee ecology. | | 1986 | 17750985 |
| molecular pharmacology of manoalide. inactivation of bee venom phospholipase a2. | the marine natural product manoalide (mld) was shown to directly inactivate bee venom phospholipase a2 (pla2). inactivation was ph dependent (maximum inactivation occurred at ph 8.0), time dependent and concentration dependent. the ic50 was estimated at 0.05 microm and virtually complete inactivation of the enzyme occurred at 4.0 microm. the time-dependent loss of pla2 activity suggested that inactivation does not follow typical michaelis-menten kinetics. reversibility was studied directly by di ... | 1986 | 3947381 |
| igg and ige antibody patterns after immunotherapy with monomethoxy polyethyleneglycol modified honey bee venom. | antibody responses to honey bee venom (hbv) were studied in 13 patients during a 4-month course of immunotherapy with monomethoxy polyethyleneglycol (mpeg) modified venom. there was a rise of hbv-specific igg antibodies as measured by igg-rast in all patients and a slight decrease of ige antibody in most of them. the igg-antibody responses during mpeg-hbv treatment as examined by crossed radioimmunoelectrophoresis were directed to phospholipase a, hyaluronidase, acid phosphatase and to another a ... | 1986 | 3706678 |
| a preliminary study of immunotherapy with a monomethoxy polyethylene glycol modified honey bee venom preparation. | monomethoxy polyethylene glycol (mpeg) modified honey bee venom (hbv) immunotherapy (it) has been studied in 14 patients allergic to honey bee venom. doses could be increased more rapidly and higher doses were reached compared to regular venom immunotherapy. no general side effects were seen, although large local swellings were found somewhat more often than with regular hbv. most patients could easily be switched from the modified to the unmodified venom. eight patients experienced and tolerate ... | 1986 | 3706677 |
| va cooperative study on alcoholic hepatitis. ii: prognostic significance of protein-calorie malnutrition. | three hundred and fifty-two patients with alcoholic hepatitis were evaluated for protein-calorie malnutrition (pcm). in order to facilitate data analysis of nutritional status, a pcm score was calculated for each patient using eight nutritional parameters. the pcm score correlated significantly with mortality, clinical severity of the liver disease, and biochemical liver dysfunction. when 30 day changes in the pcm scores were compared with 30 day caloric intake (expressed as percent basal energy ... | 1986 | 3080866 |
| selective sterol transfer in the honey bee: its significance and relationship to other hymenoptera. | the honey bee,apis mellifera, is one of only a few species of phytophagous insects known to be unable to convert c-24 alkyl phytosterols to cholesterol. regardless of the dietary sterols available to worker bees, the major tissue sterol of brood reared by the workers is always 24-methylenecholesterol, followed by sitosterol and isofucosterol. normally, little or no cholesterol is present in honey bee sterols. the maintenance of high levels of certain sterols is accomplished through a selective t ... | 1986 | 27519247 |
| species, individual and kin specific blends in dufour's gland secretions of halictine bees : chemical evidence. | the compositions of dufour's gland secretions of four sympatric halictine bee species were chemically studied by combined gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. the secretion is composed of c16-c24 macrocyclic lactones, isopentenyl esters, and hydrocarbons. comparative analyses have revealed that the blends of compounds are species specific. studies of individual glands belonging to bees of the speciesevylaeus malachurum have demonstrated that each bee exhibits a specific blend in its dufour's gl ... | 1986 | 24306409 |
| bee v. greaves: a pretrial detainee's constitutional right to refuse antipsychotic drugs under the first and fourteenth amendments. | | 1986 | 11658881 |
| characteristics of the asparagine-linked oligosaccharide from honey-bee venom phospholipase a2. evidence for the presence of terminal n-acetylglucosamine and fucose in an insect glycoprotein. | eighty-eight % of phospholipase a2 from honey-bee (apis mellifica) venom is glycosylated. its single oligosaccharide exists in several structural variants, which represent consecutive stages of the "n-glycan processing pathway". the carbohydrate carries terminal fucosyl and n-acetyl-glucosaminyl residues. this is in contrast to earlier reports which suggest the lack of respective glycosyl-transferases in insects. | 1986 | 3956155 |
| [results of hyposensitization with bee and wasp venom]. | the immunotherapy with purified bee and wasp venom is indicated for patients with severe general reactions after insect stings, positive prick test and positive rast. one hundred seventy four persons were treated for three years with bee venom (ssw dresden) and 34 patients with wasp venom (reless). challenge by a stinging bee after treatment proved in 90 per cent complete protection. there were no general reactions during hyposensitization with wasp venom, but in 46 per cent occurred general rea ... | 1986 | 3953108 |
| analysis of queen recognition by honey bee workers (apis mellifera l.) in a metabolic bio-assay. | queenless groups of honey bee workers (apis mellifera l.) respond with typical increases in their metabolic activity when exposed to queens. volatile queen odors release 46.8% of the reaction in worker groups compared to combinations of volatile odors and non-volatile factors. worker groups which were allowed to learn the odor of a given queen were able to discriminate between volatile odors of related and unrelated queens. although non-volatile queen compounds seem to be of minor importance for ... | 1986 | 3817112 |
| hydrolysis of short-chain phosphatidylcholines by bee venom phospholipase a2. | in order to find out the aggregation state of the substrate, preferred by bee venom phospholipase a2 (ec 3.1.1.4), its action on short-chain phosphatidylcholines with two identical (c6-c10) fatty acids has been tested. the rate of hydrolysis as a function of acyl chain length showed a maximum at dioctanoylphosphatidylcholine. the effects of alcohols, nacl and triton x-100, which affect the aggregation state of phospholipids in water, were also studied. the addition of n-alcohol led to a signific ... | 1986 | 3775794 |
| [deaths following wasp stings]. | two cases of death have been reported following a wasp sting. in both cases an anaphylactic reaction after sensitization can be assumed (positive rast result). in one case an expert witness report was required because of questions concerning insurance law (accident at work?) in addition to the cause of death. the stinger of the wasp was examined from the zoological aspect and is compared with that of the honeybee and hornet. | 1986 | 3751347 |
| light induced sodium dependent accumulation of calcium and potassium in the extracellular space of bee retina. | intense illumination of long duration induced a large transient increase in extracellular calcium (delta[ca2+]o) and potassium (delta[k+]o) during and after light in bee retina when measured with ion-selective microelectrodes. whenever a large delta[ca2+]o appeared, it was accompanied by a transient afterdepolarization (ta). both the increase in [ca2+]o, [k+]o and the ta were reduced or abolished when sodium was replaced by arginine, choline or lithium (li+) ions. at 0-na conditions a na indepen ... | 1986 | 3750848 |
| [treatment of allergy to bee and wasp stings]. | | 1986 | 3725576 |
| free concentrations of na, k, and cl in the retina of the honeybee drone: stimulus-induced redistribution and homeostasis. | | 1986 | 3468862 |
| immune response gene control of the murine antibody response to the phospholipase a2 of honey bee venom. | | 1986 | 3087870 |
| [proteins of bee honey. vi. isoelectric focusing of amylase in various kinds of honey]. | the isolated honey amylase was characterized by preparative and analytical isoelectric focusing. an interesting aspect of the preparative isoelectric focusing was the reduction of iodine by ampholines which were used for building up a ph-gradient, giving a false increase in apparent amylase activity as determined by the iodine/starch reaction. dextran gels were not suited for the matrix, because interactions with the enzyme disturb the focusing. from the analytical isoelectric focusing of isolat ... | 1986 | 2420090 |
| mushroom body feedback interneurones in the honeybee show gaba-like immunoreactivity. | the distribution of the transmitter substance gaba was investigated in the mushroom body neuropile of the honeybee by means of immunohistochemistry. the protocerebro-calycal tract (pct) links a mushroom body output area with the calycal input sites. interneurones contained within the pct exhibit gaba-like immunoreactivity and may function as negative feedback loop. | 1985 | 3907757 |
| desensitization of patients with bee venom allergy--current status. | bee venom allergy is a common problem in south africa, and although most patients develop only local reactions after a sting, generalized life-threatening reactions may occur. immunotherapy with purified bee venom has proved effective in preventing subsequent sting anaphylaxis. however, because of side-effects during a course of desensitization, the high cost of this form of therapy and the extended period for which therapy may be required, careful patient selection is essential. only patients w ... | 1985 | 4071339 |
| determination of chirality of alcohol or latent alcohol semiochemicals in individual insects. | a method is described for determining the enantiomeric composition of chiral alcohols, lactones, and hydroxy acids in quantities ranging from 25 ng to 10 μg. derivatization of the substance with chirally pure acetyl lactate, followed by splitless capillary gas chromatography, enables enantiomeric determinations to be made within 1-3% of the actual value. this technique was applied in the determination of semiochemical inips pini (say),apis mellifera (l.), andcryptolestes ferrugineus (stephens). ... | 1985 | 24311333 |
| honeybee feces. | | 1985 | 4093268 |
| bee sting anaphylaxis in an urban population of south australia. | the clinical manifestations and circumstances of bee sting anaphylaxis have been studied retrospectively in 98 subjects. most reactions occurred in children but the most severe reactions were seen in adult males, of whom 7 lost consciousness and 2 required cardiopulmonary resuscitation. most stings causing anaphylaxis occurred on the unprotected feet whilst the subject was on lawn in the afternoons in december, january and february when the maximum daily temperature was between 20 and 30 degrees ... | 1985 | 4074474 |
| venom skin tests in insect-allergic and insect-nonallergic populations. | intradermal skin tests with varying concentrations of honeybee, yellow jacket, white-faced hornet, yellow hornet, and polistes venoms were done on 85 patients with histories of insect-sting anaphylaxis and on 56 insect-nonallergic subjects. positive skin tests (wheal greater than or equal to 5 to 10 mm and flare greater than or equal to 11 to 20 mm) were present in 67 insect-allergic patients at venom concentrations ranging from 0.001 microgram/ml to 0.1 microgram/ml. seven additional allergic p ... | 1985 | 3877747 |
| pharmacological evidence for two types of ca2+-dependent k+-conductance in bullfrog sympathetic ganglion cells. | the effect of apamin, a bee venom toxin, on the action potential and the spike after hyperpolarization was studied in bullfrog sympathetic ganglion cells. apamin reduced the duration of the afterhyperpolarization but did not affect the maximum rates of rise and fall of na+- and ca2+-dependent action potentials. in the presence of apamin and co2+, the maximum rate of fall of the action potential was decreased, and the spike duration was prolonged. these results suggest that at least two types of ... | 1985 | 2427980 |
| temporal resolution of colour vision in the honeybee. | the temporal resolution of colour vision was measured in freely-flying honeybees by testing the performance of trained bees in discriminating between two stimuli, one of which presented a steady, homogeneous mixture of two colours, while the other offered a heterochromatic flicker between the two colours at various temporal frequencies. pairwise combinations of the colours uv, blue and green were used, corresponding to the three receptor classes in the bee retina. for each colour combination, we ... | 1985 | 3837099 |
| movement patterns of a clear-wing hawkmoth, hemaris fuciformis, foraging at red catchfly, viscaria vulgaris. | the bee hawkmoth, hemaris fuciformis, tended to fly in the same direction between successive visits to inflorescences of viscaria vulgaris. upon leaving an inflorescence it did not fly to the first inflorescence in its path, but to the second. at inflorescences, the number of animals that started probing decreased from the bottom to the top. these movement patterns probably serve to reduce the risk of revisiting flowers. the movements of the moths at inflorescences with 2 flowers per tier were i ... | 1985 | 28311569 |
| discontinuation of bee venom immunotherapy in children and adolescents. | sixty-six patients with a history of systemic allergy reactions to bee stings, positive skin prick test to less than or equal to 100 micrograms/ml bee venom, and positive radioallergosorbent test (rast) results were given venom immunotherapy. ige and igg antibodies to bee venom were measured by rast and enzyme-linked immunosorbent test (elisa), respectively. ige and igg anti-bee venom levels rose initially, but subsequently fell during immunotherapy. in 31 patients in whom specific ige fell to l ... | 1985 | 4032132 |
| does dimeric melittin occur in aqueous solutions? | melittin, a peptide from bee venom, is known to undergo a monomer / tetramer conversion in aqueous solutions. we have studied the possible participation of dimers in the association equilibrium of melittin by sedimentation equilibrium experiments in the analytical ultracentrifuge and subsequent mathematical analysis of the concentration distributions obtained. it was found that the dimeric state is not significantly populated, the contribution of dimer to the total peptide weight probably being ... | 1985 | 19431595 |
| activation of bee venom phospholipase a2 by oleoyl imidazolide produces a thiol- and proteinase-resistant conformation. | assay methods for bee venom phospholipase a2 are presented which respond to different aspects of enzymic behaviour and which allow basal activity, fatty acid activation and acyl-group activation to be distinguished. the stability of the enzyme to thiols and proteinases is dramatically increased by activation with the selective acylating agent, oleoyl imidazolide. these results support the model of activation by conformation change. limited-fixation studies indicate that enzyme conformation is de ... | 1985 | 3893547 |
| bee pollen: living up to its hype? | | 1985 | 27410451 |
| rho chi lecture award. is it possible to teach scientific creativity in the pharmaceutical sciences? anecdotes and memorabilia. | finally, and what may be a fitting end for this recounting, there is a quotation of francis bacon's that gives a poetic interpretation of creativity in the scientist: "a scientist is neither an 'ant,' storing what it finds lying about ready-made, nor a 'spider,' spinning a web out of what its entrails secrete. he is a bee, visiting innumerable flowers and collecting the nectar it finds in them; but storing not this nectar in its crude state but the honey into which it turns." | 2012 | 4028970 |
| [fulminating fatal dermatomyositis and myasthenia gravis after a bee sting (clinicopathological study)]. | | 1985 | 4022022 |
| [how often need a booster dose be given after desensitization with bee and wasp venom?]. | | 1985 | 4022168 |
| protein rotational diffusion measurements on the interaction of bee venom melittin with bacteriorhodopsin in lipid vesicles. | the rotational diffusion of bacteriorhodopsin reconstituted into dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine vesicles was measured by the technique of flash-induced transient dichroism. in the presence of melittin, a cell lysing peptide from honey bee (apis mellifera) venom, dose-dependent loss of rotational mobility was observed. chemically modified melittin derivatives, in which free amine groups were either acetylated or succinylated, were impaired in their ability to induce immobilisation of bacteriorhod ... | 1985 | 4005248 |
| phospholipids chiral at phosphorus. use of chiral thiophosphatidylcholine to study the metal-binding properties of bee venom phospholipase a2. | it has been shown recently by 31p nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr) that phospholipase a2 (pl a2) from bee venom shows a high degree of stereoselectivity toward the "isomer b" of 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-thiophosphocholine (dppsc) [bruzik, k., jiang, r.-t., & tsai, m.-d. (1983) biochemistry 22, 2478-2486]. we now report a quantitative kinetic study of pl a2 using 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (dppc) and (rp)-, (sp)-, and (rp + sp)-dppsc by a spectrophotometric assay. the substra ... | 1985 | 3839681 |
| stinging insect allergy: natural history and modification with venom immunotherapy. | the natural history of stinging insect allergy and its modification by venom immunotherapy was investigated by follow-up observations of patients with histories of venom anaphylaxis and detectable venom-specific ige. the patients were divided into three categories: (1) receiving venom immunotherapy, (2) declined venom immunotherapy, and (3) terminated venom immunotherapy. one hundred twenty-seven patients were evaluated after 6 mo to 9 yr of venom immunotherapy. most received top venom doses of ... | 1985 | 4008803 |
| spontaneous loss of hypersensitivity in patients allergic to bee or wasp stings; detection by venom-induced histamine release. | patients with bee or wasp sting allergy can lose their hypersensitivity spontaneously. the suitability of venom-induced histamine release for evaluating the actual allergic risk in untreated patients with a history of systemic allergic reactions following bee or wasp stings is demonstrated by successfully deliberate sting challenges. | 1985 | 2409848 |
| apamin, a highly specific ca2+ blocking agent in heart muscle. | apamin, a bee venom polypeptide, was recently reported to block specifically the ca2+-dependent k+ channels that are not blocked by tetraethylammonium chloride in muscle cells. we report here that apamin blocked the naturally occurring slow action potentials (aps) in cultured cell reaggregates from chick hearts. the effects of apamin were not reversible on washout with tyrode solution only (up to 24 h), but quinidine (10(-8) m) reversed the apamin blockade of the slow channels. apamin also block ... | 1985 | 2408493 |
| male reproductive parasitism: a factor in the africanization of european honey-bee populations. | africanized drone honey bees (apis mellifera) migrate into european honey-bee colonies in large numbers, but africanized colonies only rarely host drones from other colonies. this migration leads to a strong mating advantage for africanized bees since it both inhibits european drone production and enhances africanized drone production. | 1985 | 17737906 |
| the diversification of the leguminosae: first fossil evidence of the mimosoideae and papilionoideae. | the legumes are an important group of flowering plants with a poorly documented evolutionary history. new fossil evidence provides data on the timing of the origin of the two derived subfamilies of legumes (the mimosoideae and papilionoideae). these data strongly suggest the importance of bee pollinators during a major period of angiosperm diversification. | 1985 | 17737903 |
| use of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for measurement of allergen-specific antibodies. | a sensitive and specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for allergen-specific igg antibodies is described. various solid-phase supports (microtiter plates), coating procedures, binding kinetics, and presentation of allergen in the assay were investigated. using optimal conditions the indirect elisa, in which the allergen is coated onto the well, was capable of detecting 2.4 ng/ml specific igg antibodies to bee venom phospholipase a2(pla2). the sandwich elisa, in which the allergen was ... | 1985 | 2582056 |
| influence of nectar-supply rate on the number of flowers visited by a honeybee on each collecting flight. | the behavior of nectar-collecting honeybees (apis mellifica) at a glass sugar-water contained and at various plants was observed, and these food sources were compared with regard to duration of the bee's sojourn in the collecting area and the number of single visits per sojourn. meagre - but continuous - nectar secretion by the flowers of bee-pollinated plants, when combined with a small distance between the individual flowers, results in a high number of flowers visited during a sojourn in the ... | 1985 | 28311591 |
| kin discrimination by worker honey bees in genetically mixed groups. | we tested the hypothesis that in a genetically mixed assemblage of worker honey bees, individual workers would behave differently toward unfamiliar sisters than toward unfamiliar nonsisters. groups of worker honey bees of mixed genetic composition were assembled by collecting pupae from separate colonies and placing the worker bees together on eclosion. a total of 10 workers, 5 from each of two kin groups, were used to form each group. when the workers were 5 days old, a worker of one of the two ... | 1985 | 16593559 |
| changes in sodium activity during light stimulation in photoreceptors, glia and extracellular space in drone retina. | ion-selective micro-electrodes were used to measure na+ activity, ana, in the two types of cell, photoreceptors and glial cells, and in the extracellular space, in superfused slices of the retina of the honey-bee drone, apis mellifera male. movements of na+ were induced by light stimulation, or by increasing [k+] in the superfusate. in the dark, ana in the photoreceptors was 10 mm (s.e. of the mean = 1 mm); in the glial cells it was higher: 37 +/- 2 mm. we estimate that in this preparation about ... | 1985 | 4020694 |
| effects of storage and pesticide treatments on honey bee brain acetyl cholinesterase activities. | | 1985 | 4005446 |
| the evaluation of the common diagnostic methods of hypersensitivity for bee and yellow jacket venom by means of an in-hospital insect sting. | between 1979 and 1983 230 patients visited our clinic in connection with allergic reactions after insect stings. one hundred six patients were subjected to a diagnostic provocation test with a live insect; 86 of these patients had a history of systemic reactions and a positive skin test and rast with insect venom. thirty-one of these patients, including one patient with a negative rast and another with a negative skin test, demonstrated a generalized reaction and were subjected to immunotherapy ... | 1985 | 3989140 |
| competition between hummingbirds and bumble bees for nectar in flowers of impatiens biflora. | using removal experiments and concurrent measurement of resource levels, evidence was obtained for exploitation competition between ruby-throated hummingbirds and two bumble bee species (bombus fervidus and b. vagans) foraging for nectar on impatiens biflora.when all three species were active, flower visitors showed a complex pattern of resource partitioning involving both diel and spatial changes. hummingbirds foraged almost exclusively from the outermost exposed flowers on plants from which th ... | 1985 | 28310808 |
| alarm substances of the stingless bee,trigona silvestriana. | 2-nonanol, 2-heptanol, octyl decanoate, and octyl octanoate were identified from the heads oftrigona silvestriana workers. when presented at the nest, 2-nonanol, 2-heptanol, and the mixture of the four compounds elicited angular flights, landing, and buzzing of guard bees. octyl octanoate elicited a weaker response. no response was given to octyl decanoate, to the ether solvent, or to the control volatile, vanillin. | 1985 | 24310063 |
| [hyposensitization in wasp venom and bee venom allergy]. | | 1985 | 4000054 |
| bee venom hyposensitization. | | 1985 | 3974510 |
| patch dynamics of a foraging assemblage of bees. | the composition and dynamics of foraging assemblages of bees were examined from the standpoint of species-level arrival and departure processes in patches of flowers. experiments with bees visiting 4 different species of flowers in subalpine meadows in colorado gave the following results: 1) in enriched patches the rates of departure of bees were reduced, resulting in increases in both the number of bees per species and the average number of species present. 2) the reduction in bee departure rat ... | 1985 | 28311866 |
| measured and predicted caloric expenditure in the acutely ill. | predicted energy requirements calculated from the harris-benedict basal energy expenditure (bee) formulas, and caloric allowances recommended by the food and nutrition board national research council, were compared to metabolic expenditures measured by indirect calorimetry, using a feedback-controlled gas replenishment technique with a prototype device for the continuous determination of oxygen consumption (vo2) and carbon dioxide production (vco2). in a group of 50 acutely ill surgical patients ... | 1985 | 3918832 |
| complete amino acid sequence of cytochrome c from the honeybee, apis mellifera, and evolutionary relationship of the honeybee to other insects on the basis of the amino acid sequence. | the complete amino acid sequence of cytochrome c purified from the honeybee, apis mellifera was determined. only one molecular species of cytochrome c was found in the honeybee throughout its metamorphic stages. on the basis of a comparison of the amino acid sequence of honeybee cytochrome c with those of cytochromes c from other insects, it seems that the bee has evolutionarily appeared earlier than would be expected from the morphological and fossil evidence. if the classical phylogenetic rela ... | 1985 | 2991212 |
| pollution monitoring of puget sound with honey bees. | to show that honey bees are effective biological monitors of environmental contaminants over large geographic areas, beekeepers of puget sound, washington, collected pollen and bees for chemical analysis. from these data, kriging maps of arsenic, cadmium, and fluoride were generated. results, based on actual concentrations of contaminants in bee tissues, show that the greatest concentrations of contaminants occur close to commencement bay and that honey bees are effective as large-scale monitors ... | 1985 | 17781823 |
| mapping and ultrastructure of serotonin-immunoreactive neurons in the optic lobes of three insect species. | with antibodies to serotonin (5-ht) we have mapped immunoreactive neurons in the optic lobes of three species, the blowfly calliphora, the desert ant cataglyphis, and the worker bee apis. the main emphasis in this investigation is on a system of 5-ht-positive neurons connecting the most peripheral neuropil of the optic lobes, the lamina, to more central neuropil regions. to aid in electron microscopical identification of these neurons we used immunocytochemistry at the em-level and golgi-em for ... | 1985 | 3973090 |
| evidence for an antiaphrodisiac in the sweat bee lasioglossum (dialictus) zephyrum. | male lasioglossum (dialictus) zephyrum in the field are attracted to models impregnated with the odor of virgin females. the number of males responding increases with increasing odor concentration. once a male has contacted a model, its attractiveness to other males is reduced, suggesting that the male may contribute an antiaphrodisiac cue so that other males avoid mated females. | 1985 | 3969557 |
| evaluation of the honey bee lens. | | 1985 | 3977687 |
| longitudinal continuity of the subrhabdomeric cisternae in the photoreceptors of the compound eye of the drone, apis mellifera. | it is shown that the subrhabdomeric cisternae of the honey bee drone photoreceptor cell constitute a single structure with a continuous lumen, that extends over at least 15 micron and perhaps the whole length of the cell. in this case, the structure of the cisternae might subserve the propagation of light adaptation along the cell. | 1985 | 3967737 |
| traumatic cataract following bee sting. | | 2008 | 4077209 |
| ontogeny of the invertebrate humoral immune response: studies on various developmental stages of the american cockroach (periplaneta americana). | earlier studies revealed that a specific adaptive humoral immune response can be induced in the american cockroach (periplaneta americana) to the soluble protein complex, honeybee venom (hbt). we have undertaken a series of ontogenetic studies to determine if there are differences between the protective responses of roaches representing different developmental stages. our results indicated that the response to hbt in the immature cockroach (nymphs weighing 200-500 mg) was characterized by a sign ... | 1985 | 4043479 |
| [deaths resulting from yellow jacket and bee stings in finland]. | | 1985 | 4029048 |
| the role of igg4 as blocking antibodies in asthmatics and in bee keepers. | sera from 40 asthmatic patients and from 77 bee keepers were evaluated by solid-phase radioimmunoassay for their allergen-specific igg4 antibody levels. the results indicated that allergen-specific igg4 antibodies become prominent upon repeated parenteral stimulation with antigen, i.e. immunotherapy and bee stings, and suggested the possible association of igg4 with blocking antibodies in these allergic conditions. | 1985 | 4008076 |
| a double blind study on immunotherapy with chemically modified honey bee venom: monomethoxy polyethylene glycol-coupled versus crude honey bee venom. | 24 patients with honey bee sting allergy were treated with either honey bee venom (hbv) or monomethoxy polyethylene glycol-coupled hbv (peg-hbv) in a double blind trial. both treatments induced a strong increase in hbv-specific igg antibodies in most patients. immunotherapy with peg-hbv was much better tolerated than that with hbv. conversely, patients on hbv did considerably better during a sting challenge with a living honey bee. only 4 developed a large local and one a mild systemic reaction ... | 1985 | 4008075 |
| effect of gender on the inducible humoral immune response to honeybee venom in the american cockroach (periplaneta americana). | it is well known that in higher animals, the female of the species usually possesses a superior immune response to that of the male. we investigated the possibility that this rule of nature might also be true amongst the invertebrates. adult female american cockroaches (periplaneta americana) were immunized with honeybee venom, and their responses were compared to that of the adult male. the female primary response was found not only to be enhanced, but prolonged as compared to the male. the res ... | 1985 | 3996707 |
| [allergy to bee and yellow jacket venoms]. | | 1985 | 3979324 |
| [fauna of dust-dwelling mites in the maritime territory]. | the specific composition of acarid mites occurring in dust of rural dwellings in the far east of the ussr has been first studied and characters of their fauna have been revealed. 3 species are most frequently encountered of which dermatophagoides pteronyssinus accounts for 56% of all finds. 6 species happened to be new for the fauna of dwellings. the typical synanthropic species glycyphagus domesticus is totally absent from dwellings but occurs in 90% of honey-bee hives. | 2007 | 3975065 |
| use of indirect calorimetry in the nutritional management of burned patients. | the use of indirect calorimetry in assessing and monitoring nutritional support in burn patients is reported. twenty-nine patients with a mean burn size of 35% tbsa were monitored with 228 measurements of resting energy expenditure (ree), calculations of respiratory quotient (rq), and substrate metabolism. daily weights, nitrogen balance determinations, and routine laboratory tests were also obtained. oxygen consumption (vo2) was 186 +/- 39 ml/min/m2, corresponding to ree of 2,506 +/- 543 kcal/d ... | 1985 | 3965736 |
| predicting energy expenditures in burned patients. | daily caloric requirements in patients with major burns are frequently estimated using the curreri formula (25 x body weight (kg) + 40 x % bsa burned). in nonburned patients modifications of the harris-benedict formulas have been used to estimate energy requirements. these equations have not been validated against measured energy expenditures in burned patients. thirty-five patients with second- and third-degree burns covering from 10 to 75% of the body surface area underwent assessments of ener ... | 1985 | 3965733 |
| comparison of measurements of serum venom-specific igg by radioimmunoassay and enzyme immunoassay. | honeybee venom (bv)-, yellow jacket venom (yjv)- and honeybee venom phospholipase a (pla)-specific igg were measured by radioimmunoassay (ria) and enzyme immunoassay (ria) in 54 sera of insect-allergic patients. in the majority of sera, results of the two tests were similar. discordant results were found in 1 of 21 sera in tests with pla, 4 of 23 sera in tests with bv, and 1 of 16 sera in tests with yjv. the ria measured higher antibody titers in 5 of these 'outlier' sera. the results suggest th ... | 1985 | 3905626 |
| [efficacy of combined biological therapy with bee products in localized palpebral and conjunctival eye lesions with reference to the clinico-functional changes]. | | 2016 | 3159053 |
| anorexia and weight loss: indicators of cachexia in small cell lung cancer. | a study was conducted to determine the incidence and extent to which anorexia, a decrease in spontaneous food intake, contributes to the occurrence of cancer cachexia. data for ten male subjects with small cell carcinoma of the lung are reported for a five-month period following diagnosis. although body weights of the subjects at the time of diagnosis averaged less than 95% of the usual weight (weight 6 months prior to diagnosis), they were greater than 109% of the mean ideal weight. at five mon ... | 1985 | 2999721 |
| melittin-induced changes in na and cl movements across the skin and cornea (in vitro) of the toad bufo marinus. | melittin, from bee venom, increases short-circuit current (isc) across the skin and cornea of toads. in skin this reflects a rise in the influx of na and is inhibited by meclofenamic acid (inhibits prostaglandin synthetase). in corneas with melittin on the inside the rise in isc is inhibited by bumetanide (inhibits cl transport) and meclofenamic acid. melittin on the tear side of the cornea causes a biphasic change in isc, and a rise in all undirectional fluxes of na and cl. this effect was not ... | 1985 | 2866902 |
| distribution of calmodulin in insects as determined by radioimmunoassay. | the distribution of calmodulin in 11 separate tissues of the cockroach leucophaea maderae was determined by radioimmunoassay. the highest levels of this protein were found in malpighian tubules, visceral muscle and the central nervous system. distribution of calmodulin was also determined for the following insect species: apis mellifera, canthon imitator, heliothis zea (larvae) and periplaneta americana. abdominal tissues contained the highest levels of the calcium binding protein, while lesser ... | 1985 | 2861002 |
| nucleotide sequence of cloned cdnas coding for preprosecapin, a major product of queen-bee venom glands. | total mrna from queen-bee venom glands was transcribed into cdna and cloned into the psti and clai site of pbr322. the nucleotide sequence of two clones (pum9/24 and pbmc1) with inserts derived from mrnas for preprosecapin is presented. the two inserts, which are identical in their overlapping regions, have a coding region encompassing 77 triplets. the cloned cdnas differ in the length of the 3'-untranslated region, which is about twice as long in clone pum9/24. the postulated amino acid sequenc ... | 1984 | 6548708 |
| polyandry in honey bees (apis mellifera l.): sperm utilization and intracolony genetic relationships. | sperm usage by queen honey bees was examined by progeny analyses using six phenotypically distinct genetic markers. no evidence was found for sperm displacement or precedence. all queens used the sperm of all males that inseminated them during all sampling periods. sperm usage, as measured by phenotypic frequencies, did fluctuate nonrandomly but did not result in abnormally high representation of a single phenotype or the elimination of other phenotypes as has often been suggested. the genetic r ... | 1984 | 17246245 |
| eosinophilic cellulitis (wells' syndrome): histologic and clinical features in arthropod bite reactions. | five patients are described with the clinical and histopathologic picture, including flame figures, of eosinophilic cellulitis (wells' syndrome). two of them had documented tick bites in the center of these expanding annular lesions, and the histologic picture showed the diagnostic flame figures of wells' syndrome (eosinophilic cellulitis). a third patient had a clinical picture suggestive of a tick bite reaction but stated she was stung by a small garden bee at the involved site. the fourth pat ... | 1984 | 6512050 |
| arachidonic acid, 12- and 15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids, eicosapentaenoic acid, and phospholipase a2 induce starfish oocyte maturation. | in starfish oocyte maturation (meiosis reinitiation) is induced by the natural hormone 1-methyladenine (1-me-ade). this paper shows that arachidonic acid (aa) induces oocyte maturation at concentrations above 0.5 microm. this maturation shares many characteristics with 1-meade-induced maturation: same kinetics, same required contact time, same stimulations of protein phosphorylation and sodium influx. although calcium facilitates the aa-induced but not the 1-meade-induced maturation, aa, like 1- ... | 1984 | 6094288 |
| chick growth and prey quality in the european bee-eater (merops apiaster). | 1. in each of four replicate experiments we fed three groups of bee-eater chicks for 24 h on different diets: bees, dragonflies, and a mixture of the two. 2. dry weight assimilation efficiency did not differ between treatments and was in the region of 40-50%. caloric assimilation efficiency was about 60% and did not differ significantly between diets. 3. mean growth efficiency (wt. gain/intake) was highest in all four replicates in chicks fed on the mixed diet. 4. when metabolic requirements are ... | 1984 | 28311452 |