| polymorphic phospholipid phase transitions as tools to understand peptide-lipid interactions. | the effect of peptides on bilayer----non-bilayer phase transitions can be used as a tool to investigate the molecular aspects of peptide-lipid interactions. in this contribution the action on membranes of the peptide antibiotic gramicidin a and the bee venom component melittin are compared. although the known structures and locations of these peptides upon membrane binding are very different, their actions on membranes show striking parallels. a general model is proposed that explains the seemin ... | 1991 | 1711420 |
| mediation of host selection by cuticular hydrocarbons in the honeybee tracheal miteacarapis woodi (rennie). | using a simple two-choice bioassay and video analysis of individual locomotory tracks, it was determined that a preference for young-bee hosts over old-bee hosts in female honeybee tracheal mites,acarapis woodi (rennie), is chemically mediated. when presented with a choice of cuticular extracts from 5-day-old and <1-day-old adult bees, mites showed a significant preference for the young-bee extract in three of four bee colony sources. this discrimination was due apparently to a greater positive ... | 1991 | 24258738 |
| energy and respiratory metabolism in cystic fibrosis: the influence of carbohydrate content of nutritional supplements. | the basal energy expenditure (bee) in a group of adolescent and young adult patients with cystic fibrosis (cf) with mild lung disease was 97 +/- 6% of that predicted by the harris-benedict equation (which estimates bee by age, sex, height, and weight). the bee of a group with more severe lung disease was 117 +/- 5% of that predicted by the harris-benedict equation, due primarily to a 14% greater oxygen consumption (vo2) and 24% greater co2 production (vco2) compared with milder lung disease (p l ... | 1991 | 2051272 |
| electron probe microanalysis of calcium release and magnesium uptake by endoplasmic reticulum in bee photoreceptors. | honey bee photoreceptors contain large sacs of endoplasmic reticulum (er) that can be located unequivocally in freeze-dried cryosections. the elemental composition of the er was determined by electron probe x-ray microanalysis and was visualized in high-resolution x-ray maps. in the er of dark-adapted photoreceptors, the ca concentration was 47.5 +/- 1.1 mmol/kg (dry weight) (mean +/- sem). during a 3-sec nonsaturating light stimulus, approximately 50% of the ca content was released from the er. ... | 1991 | 1992466 |
| murine t cell responses to melittin and its analogs. | the 26-residue peptide melittin from bee venom elicits high igg1 and ige responses in selected strains of mice. the antibody responses were shown previously to be specific mainly for the region of residue 20-26. the t cell epitope of melittin in h-2d-restricted mice is now found to be primarily in residue 11-19, corresponding to an alpha-helical amphiphilic segment of the molecule. melittin-specific t cell lines have varying responses to different structural analogs of the melittin t cell epitop ... | 1991 | 1703178 |
| nucleotide sequence of a middle repetitive dna from honey bees. | the nucleotide sequence of a 264-bp clone, pafr3.4, which represents a related, tandemly arrayed, middle repetitive dna family within various subspecies of the honey bee (apis mellifera l.), has been determined. | 1991 | 1840551 |
| divalent cation-sensitive pores formed by natural and synthetic melittin and by triton x-100. | leakage of ions and low-molecular-weight metabolites from lettre cells is induced by synthetic melittin, as effectively as by melittin isolated from bee venom; in each case leakage is inhibited by ca2+, zn2+ or h+. inhibition of leakage by divalent cations is reversible in that lettre cells incubated with melittin (or with triton x-100) in the presence of inhibitory amounts of zn2+, when freed of zn2+ by egta or by centrifugation, begin to leak (in zn2(+)-sensitive manner). electrorotation of le ... | 1991 | 1899800 |
| african bees in the americas: insights from biogeography and genetics. | the spread of african honey bees in south and central america is one of the most remarkable and certainly among the most highly publicized instances of biological invasion. their aggressive nest defense has led to numerous stinging incidents and even deaths; aggressiveness, coupled with a tendency to abandon the nest when disturbed, has also caused serious disruption of beekeeping and pollination industries in regions that they have invaded. the rapid spread of african bees in the americas and t ... | 1991 | 21232414 |
| the morphology and ultrastructure of antennal lobe cells from pupal honeybees (apis mellifera) growing in culture. | a culture technique for the in vitro growth and differentiation of antennal lobe cells from the honeybee, apis mellifera, is described and the ultrastructure of the growing cells is analysed. two types of cell are present in the cultures and from their morphology and ultrastructure they can be identified as glial cells and neurones. the neurones have a granular cytoplasm, abundant endoplasmic reticulum and a small, densely stained nucleus. they produce long processes with varicosities that conta ... | 1991 | 18621177 |
| functional morphology of the divided compound eye of the honeybee drone (apis mellifera). | using different approaches, the functional morphology of the compound eye of the honeybee drone was examined. the drone exhibits an extended acute zone in the dorsal part of its eye. the following specializations were found here: enlarged facet diameters; smaller interommatidial angles; red-leaky screening pigment; enlarged rhabdom diameters; photopigment composition different from the drone's ventral eye region and the worker bee's eye. thus, similar to other male insects, the drone compound ey ... | 1991 | 18621175 |
| a quantitative ultrastructural study of the honeybee antennal lobe. | this paper describes the ultrastructural organization of the honeybee antennal lobe, including the distribution of synapses within the antennal lobe neuropile and the distribution of the afferent fibres in the antennal nerve and its afferent tracts. we show that: 1) the antennal nerve and tracts t3-t6 are composed of a heterogeneous population of fibres, with respect to their diameters, whereas two afferent tracts (t1 and t2) are composed of fibres of almost homogeneous diameter. 2) synapses are ... | 1991 | 18621165 |
| [insect venom allergy in childhood]. | hymenoptera venom allergy is relatively rare in childhood. in 59 children, aged 2-16 years, with a systemic allergic reaction we could detect the following findings: there was no difference between males and females. relatives of these children had more atopic diseases than normals. the degree of clinical manifestation was not so pronounced as in adults. rast was more sensitive in detecting bee venom allergy whereas intradermal test showed a higher sensitive in wasp venom allergy. the diagnostic ... | 1991 | 2063728 |
| apamin, a highly potent blocker of the ttx- and mn2(+)-insensitive fast transient na+ current in young embryonic heart. | the whole-cell current clamp and voltage clamp techniques were used to record the slow na+ action potentials (aps) and the inward current in cultured single ventricular cells isolated from young (3 day-old) embryonic chicks. the slow na+ aps had a +vmax of 21.5 +/- 7.5 v/s (in 10 different single cells) and the macroscopic inward current responsible for the rising phase of these aps was a fast transient (ft) current. the ft inward current was sensitive to changes in [na]o but not to changes in [ ... | 1991 | 2038068 |
| the role of retinal photoisomerase in the visual cycle of the honeybee. | the compound eye of the honeybee has previously been shown to contain a soluble retinal photoisomerase which, in vitro, is able to catalyze stereospecifically the photoconversion of all-trans retinal to 11-cis retinal. in this study we combine in vivo and in vitro techniques to demonstrate how the retinal photoisomerase is involved in the visual cycle, creating 11-cis retinal for the generation of visual pigment. honeybees have approximately 2.5 pmol/eye of retinal associated with visual pigment ... | 1991 | 2007885 |
| appearance of macrophage migration inhibition factor in patients with systemic reactions to bee venom. | cellular responses in bee venom (bv) allergy is a controversial issue. previous studies could not reach an agreement whether this mechanism is activated as a result of allergic sensitization to bee venom. all previous works have used lymphocyte proliferation as their method to analyze cell-mediated immunity. in the present work, we tried to explore whether the production of macrophage migration inhibition factor (mif), which is another in vitro correlate with cellular responses, is increased in ... | 1991 | 1937921 |
| a method for estimating the minimum visual stimulus that evokes a behavioural response in the drone, apis mellifera male. | drones, attracted to an observation site by a scented lure, left the lure to fly directly towards a small object suspended nearby. an object the size of a queen bee was detected at distances up to 2 m. it is estimated that at this maximum distance the object will have decreased the light incident on a single rhabdom by 6%. | 1991 | 1891832 |
| color opponent coding in the visual system of the honeybee. | a model is presented for the color vision system of the honeybee, which takes the nonlinear phototransduction process in the photoreceptors into account and assumes linear computations of the excitations of the photoreceptors. the model parameters are derived by a least squares fit of the scale values determined by multidimensional scaling analysis of the results of color choice experiments to the excitation values of two hypothetical spectral antagonistic coding cells. the psychophysical scale ... | 1991 | 1891826 |
| acute macular neuroretinopathy after shock. | acute macular neuroretinopathy is a rare disease that has been described mainly in women taking hormonal contraceptives. an association either with a viral illness or with the parenteral use of sympathomimetics was sometimes found. we describe its occurrence in a 22-year-old female following an anaphylactic shock after a bee sting, and in a 26-year-old female following a pregnancy complicated with vena cava syndrome and delivery by caesarean section. a combination of factors including hypoperfus ... | 1991 | 1841003 |
| [kinetic study of mixed alpha glucosidase activity induced in honeybee hemolymph by in vivo injection of trehalose]. | in vivo injection, into emerging bees, of a quantity of trehalose sufficient to double the initial natural haemolymph level of the sugar, leads first to a reduction in the maximal velocity (vm) of the alpha-glucosidase activity, after 2 hours, followed by an increase in vm at 6 hours, then a return to normal. the substrate constant (kr) shows minor and insignificant fluctuations about the initial value, and the hill coefficient (h) a slight, but significant, rise 2 h and 8 h after injection. the ... | 1991 | 1806194 |
| [total amitraz residues in bee honeys]. | a total of 330 bee honey samples was analysed in 1986-1990, and the results are reported. analysis was performed according to the method for the amitraz total residue determination by hydrolysis and steam distillation as described. 60% of the honeys were practically not contamined (total residue content amounting to 0.01 mg/kg), 8.5% of the honeys contained more than 0.05 mg/kg. maximal values of 0.2-0.5 mg/kg were stated. 54% of the rape-honeys contained more than 0.01 mg/kg, 19% more than 0.05 ... | 1991 | 1800907 |
| the somatic envelopes around the germ-line cells of polytrophic insect follicles: structural and functional aspects. | the polytrophic ovarioles of three insect species, the fruit fly drosophila melanogaster, the fungus gnat bradysia tritici, and the honeybee apis mellifera, were compared morphologically and with respect to the cytological organization of the peripheral somatic layers. staining with rhodaminyl-phalloidin revealed differences in the organization of the muscle strands of the epithelial sheath and the microfilament pattern in the basal part of the follicular epithelium (mid-vitellogenic stages). al ... | 1991 | 1796455 |
| [a new soviet allergen made from bee venom for the specific diagnosis of allergic reactions to bee stings]. | overall 46 patients with allergic reactions to bee stings were examined. as a result of making skin prick, scarification and intracutaneous tests with an allergen from bee venom, allergy to bee stings was revealed in all the 46 patients, whereas only 37 patients responded to an allergen from the bee body. specific ige-antibodies using rast were detected in 29 out of 31 patients. all the 29 patients had positive skin tests with an allergen from bee venom and only 22 with an allergen from the bee ... | 1991 | 1792596 |
| proteolysis of interleukin-2, interferon and immunoglobulin by venoms. | limited proteolysis by venoms was analysed by the cleaved peptide band(s) in sds-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. the venom from crotalus atrox degraded interferon, interleukin-2, igg, igm, and a crude form of acetyl cholinesterase but had no effect on iga. although the venom from androctonus australis did not exert appreciable proteolysis on any of the immunoglobulins it had potent proteolytic activities against interferon and interleukin-2. the venom from vespula maculifrons had only a mino ... | 1991 | 1724747 |
| modulation of spike frequencies by varying the ambient magnetic field and magnetite candidates in bees (apis mellifera). | 1. spontaneous activity was recorded from neurons in the second abdominal ganglion of bees. 2. thirty per cent intensity modulations of the horizontal component of the background magnetic field provoked changes in the firing pattern of single neurons. 3. two classes of neurons were distinguished and confirmed by statistical analysis. 4. electron dense material in hairs and in or near the cutex may be single domain (sd) and superparamagnetic (spm) magnetite. 5. a hypothesis is proposed for magnet ... | 1991 | 1685393 |
| [the use of apiotherapy and radon baths in treating syringomyelia]. | in vologda province, syringomyelia is rather prevalent (2.9 per 100,000 population). in view of the fact that the clinical symptoms are refractory to the treatment methods applied (roentgenotherapy and radioactive iodine), the combined use of apiotherapy (honey bee and flower pollen) and radon baths was attempted. it turned out to be undoubtedly effective. | 1991 | 1646518 |
| crystal structure of bee-venom phospholipase a2 in a complex with a transition-state analogue. | the 2.0 angstroms crystal structure of a complex containing bee-venom phospholipase a2 (pla2) and a phosphonate transition-state analogue was solved by multiple isomorphous replacement. the electron-density map is sufficiently detailed to visualize the proximal sugars of the enzyme's n-linked carbohydrate and a single molecule of the transition-state analogue bound ot its active center. although bee-venom pla2 does not belong to the large homologous class i/ii family that encompasses most other ... | 1990 | 2274788 |
| crystal structure of cobra-venom phospholipase a2 in a complex with a transition-state analogue. | the crystal structure of a complex between a phosphonate transition-state analogue and the phospholipase a2 (pla2) from naja naja atra venom has been solved and refined to a resolution of 2.0 angstroms. the identical stereochemistry of the two complexes that comprise the crystal's asymmetric unit indicates both the manner in which the transition state is stabilized and how the hydrophobic fatty acyl chains of the substrate are accommodated by the enzyme during interfacial catalysis. the critical ... | 1990 | 2274787 |
| interfacial catalysis: the mechanism of phospholipase a2. | a chemical description of the action of phospholipase a2 (pla2) can now be inferred with confidence from three high-resolution x-ray crystal structures. the first is the structure of the pla2 from the venom of the chinese cobra (naja naja atra) in a complex with a phosphonate transition-state analogue. this enzyme is typical of a large, well-studied homologous family of pla2s. the second is a similar complex with the evolutionarily distant bee-venom pla2. the third structure is the uninhibited p ... | 1990 | 2274785 |
| serum carnitine levels in bone marrow transplant recipients. | this study investigated plasma carnitine levels in patients undergoing allogenic bone marrow transplantation. the patients received fat-based tpn (50% fat, 50% cho; calorie: nitrogen ratio 125:1) for an average of 33 +/- 7.5 days. tpn was started before transplantation and stopped when patients were able to eat. caloric needs were estimated using the harris-benedict equation; 150% of the estimated bee was given for the first two weeks after transplantation. the amount of tpn was gradually decrea ... | 1990 | 16837382 |
| acute renal failure due to multiple bee stings--case reports. | this report deals with a father and his son who developed acute renal failure following multiple bee stings. the renal lesion in these patients appears to be due to rhabdomyolysis caused by the bee venom. the other mechanisms are also discussed. the need for clinicians to be aware of acute renal failure as a complication of bee stings is stressed. | 1990 | 2152058 |
| determination of n-methylhistamine in urine as an indicator of histamine release in immediate allergic reactions. | the use of the urine histamine metabolite, n-methylhistamine (n-mh), as a parameter of histamine release in immediate allergic reactions was investigated. baseline levels were determined in 34 normal control subjects and 29 atopic patients. increases of urine n-mh values were measured during histamine infusions and in venom-allergic patients receiving bee-sting challenges. n-mh was determined by a newly developed radioimmunoassay. baseline levels in control subjects and atopic patients demonstra ... | 1990 | 1702126 |
| quantitative autoradiographic localization of [125i]alpha-bungarotoxin binding sites in the honeybee brain. | binding sites for the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist, [125i]alpha-bungarotoxin, were localized in the honeybee brain by in vitro autoradiography. highest binding site densities were localized in the suboesophageal ganglion, the optic tubercles, optic lobes medulla and lobula, antennal lobes, dorsal lobes and the alpha-lobes of the mushroom bodies. the distribution pattern of these putative nicotinic acetylcholine receptors suggests that acetylcholine is involved in several sensory p ... | 1990 | 2073597 |
| behavioral responses by bumble bees to variation in pollen availability. | pollen-collecting bumble bees (bombus spp.) detect differences between individual flowers in pollen availability and alter their behavior to capitalize on rewarding flowers. specific responses by bees to increased pollen availability included: longer visits to flowers; visits to more flowers within an inflorescence, including an increased frequency of revisits; an increased likelihood of grooming while the bee flow between flowers within the inflorescence; and more protracted inter-flower flight ... | 1990 | 28310953 |
| chemicals involved in honeybee-sunflower relationship. | we present a review of work on the plant chemicals involved in the honeybee-sunflower model system. combined behavioral and chemical analyses were conducted under natural and controlled conditions. first the distribution of forager bees' visits on two pairs of sunflower genotypes producing a different level of hybrid seed yield was recorded under pollen-proof tunnels. mirasol parental lines producing high seed yields were visited at random, whereas forager bees visited preferentially the female ... | 1990 | 24263296 |
| protection against membrane damage: a 1h-nmr investigation of the effect of zn2+ and ca2+ on the permeability of phospholipid vesicles. | 1h-nmr spectroscopy of small, unilamellar dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine (dppc) vesicles in conjunction with the lanthanide shift reagent pr3+ was used to study the effect of zn2+ and ca2+ ions on the permeability induced at the lipid phase transition temperature (tc) of the vesicles and by the bee venom polypeptide melittin. in addition, the effects of zn2+ and ca2+ were studied on triton x-100 stabilized channels at tc and in the presence of n-alcohols. the results show that the presence of 1 ... | 1990 | 2292682 |
| honey bee cognition. | the visual memory of honey bees is stored pictorially. bees will accept a mirror-image reversal of a familiar pattern in the absence of the original, but prefer the original over the reversal; the matching system of bees, therefore, does not incorporate a mirror-image ambiguity. bees will not accept a rotation of a familiar vertical pattern, but readily recognize any rotation of a horizontal pattern; the context-specific ability to make a mental transformation seems justified by natural continge ... | 1990 | 2269009 |
| prediction of 24-h energy expenditure and its components from physical characteristics and body composition in normal-weight humans. | the applicability of body composition as estimated by the bioimpedance method to predict energy expenditure (ee) was studied. ten healthy subjects underwent measurement of body composition and 24-h energy expenditure (24-h ee) twice in a respiration chamber on a fixed program. the 24-h ee and its components, sleeping ee (see), basal ee (bee), and daytime ee, for an individual were very reproducible (coefficient of variation 2.3%, 1.4%, 5.0%, & 3.1%, respectively). the variability of 24-h ee amon ... | 1990 | 2239751 |
| the hymenoptera venom study. iii: safety of venom immunotherapy. | one thousand four hundred ten (44%) of the 3236 subjects in the hymenoptera venom study accepted venom immunotherapy (vit). time to maintenance averaged 95 days, and the largest number achieved maintenance (147 subjects, 10.4%) at day 56. ninety-two percent of the treated subjects achieved maintenance, and 84% continued therapy, most subjects (91%) until the study was terminated. one hundred seventy-one subjects (12%) experienced 327 treatment systemic reactions (srs). the incidence of pruritus ... | 1990 | 2229842 |
| analysis of meteorological and radiological data for selected fallout episodes. | the weather service nuclear support office has analyzed the meteorological and radiological data collected for the following atmospheric nuclear tests: trinity; easy of the tumbler-snapper series; annie, nancy, badger, simon, and harry of the upshot-knothole series; bee and zucchini of the teapot series; boltzmann and smoky of the plumbbob series; and small boy of the dominic ii series. these tests were chosen as having the greatest impact on nearby downwind populated locations, contributing app ... | 1990 | 2211117 |
| total energy expenditure in burned children using the doubly labeled water technique. | total energy expenditure (tee) was measured in 15 burned children with the doubly labeled water technique. application of the technique in burned children required evaluation of potential errors resulting from nutritional intake altering background enrichments during studies and from the high rate of water turnover relative to co2 production. five studies were discarded because of these potential problems. tee was 1.33 +/- 0.27 times predicted basal energy expenditure (bee), and in studies where ... | 1990 | 2171351 |
| laser confocal scanning microscopy of the surface membrane/t-tubular system and the sarcoplasmic reticulum in insect striated muscle stained with dilc18(3). | the structure of the surface membrane/transverse tubular (t-tubular) system and of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (sr) of the labial adductor muscle of the honey bee (apis mellifera) was examined by laser confocal scanning microscopy, after staining with the fluorescent membrane probe diic18(3). the following components of the surface membrane/t-tubular system were visualized: transverse tubular networks that are located in the a-band close to the a-i junction and form dyads with the sr, longitudina ... | 2007 | 2100146 |
| the bee: an unusual gastric foreign body. | | 1990 | 2242750 |
| [morphological observation of effect of bee pollen on intercellura lipofuscin in nih mice]. | by histochemical method we have observed the effect of bee pollen on lipofuscin in nih mice. the results show that oral administration of bee pollen at 10 g/kg/d markedly reduces lipofuscin in cardiac muscle in aged mice, significantly inhibits the increase of lipofuscin in cardiac muscle, liver, brain and adrenal gland cells induced by orally given peroxidized corn oil or iv alloxan. this action may be related with the anti-ageing effect of bee pollen. | 1990 | 2092719 |
| glucagon as a non species-specific regulator of the glycaemia in honeybee (apis mellifica). | it is known that hormones which exist in vertebrates are very old in respect to evolution. the presence of insulin and glucagon in insects had already been suggested in the early sixties. in this study honeybees are living in an "artificial hive" in the german laboratory under exactly standardized conditions. in the french laboratory standardized conditions yielded because only emerging worker bees were used i.e. those which were just slipping from the honeycomb alveoli. it seemed of interest to ... | 2006 | 2073968 |
| randomized trial of postoperative patient-controlled analgesia vs intramuscular narcotics in frail elderly men. | postoperative use of as-needed intramuscular narcotics is potentially hazardous in frail elderly patients. patient-controlled analgesia (pca) allows patients to self-administer small boluses of narcotic, allowing better dose titration, enhanced responsiveness to variability in narcotic requirements, and reduction in serum narcotic level fluctuation. although theoretically useful, this method has not bee well studied in the elderly or medically ill. a prospective controlled trial among 83 higher- ... | 1990 | 1975490 |
| preference of cabbage white butterflies and honey bees for nectar that contains amino acids. | amino acids occur in most floral nectars but their role in pollinator attraction is relatively unstudied. nectars of butterfly-pollinated flower tend to have higher concentrations of amino acids than do flowers pollinated by bees and many other animals, suggesting that amino acids are important attractants of butterflies to flowers. in order to determine whether amino acids are important in attracting butterflies and bees, we tested the preference of cabbage white butterflies (pieris rapae) and ... | 1990 | 28312774 |
| acute renal failure and dermal necrosis due to bee stings: report of a case in a child. | although several cases of reactions to bee venom including acute renal failure have been reported, the literature from africa is scanty and that concerning children virtually non-existent. we report a child who was stung by over 1,000 bees and developed acute renal failure and extensive scalp necrosis. the pathogenesis of these complications is discussed and the importance of their public awareness stressed. | 1990 | 2282653 |
| proposed solution structure of endothelin. | a model is proposed for the 3-dimensional structure of endothelin, a potent vasoconstrictor and pressor peptide from vascular endothelium. the model is derived through protein structure prediction and circular dichroism studies, and is based on the atomic coordinates for the bee-venom peptide apamin. the model derived shows the same turn-helix motif as observed for apamin and mast-cell degranulating peptide. on the basis of this model we suggest possible strategies for endothelin antagonist desi ... | 1990 | 2272749 |
| esterase isozymes in a solitary bee, megachile rotundata (fab.): characterization, developmental multiplicity, and adult variability. | this study describes the biochemical characterization and genetic variation of cytosolic esterases in the alfalfa leafcutting bee, megachile rotundata (fab.). esterase isozymes were separated by nondenaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and isoelectric focusing and characterized by inhibition with eserine sulfate, edta, paraoxon, and p-hydroxymercuribenzoate. based on inhibition patterns and substrate specificity, there are major differences between adults and immature forms and more subt ... | 1990 | 2125203 |
| an hla-associated nonresponsiveness to mellitin: a component of bee venom. | previous work has demonstrated a close association between certain histocompatibility antigens and the gene that controls the ige response to certain ragweed allergens. for example, there is a 90% association between ige production to the short ragweed allergen, amb a v, and an hla class ii allele. to assess whether these hla linkages are specific for ragweed, we have investigated the association between hla antigens and the capacity of individuals to mount a specific ige response to melittin in ... | 1990 | 1974559 |
| heat stress induced enhancement of heat shock protein gene activity in the honey bee (apis mellifera). | we employed in vitro translation of mrna and product separation using sds-page to examine the heat-shock response of the worker honey bee. increases in the levels of 6 translatable rna populations were observed following heat stress. the greatest response was observed among bees aged 9 days. slight levels of induction of 70 and 82 kda heat shock proteins were evident among bees taken directly from the colony. | 1990 | 2373199 |
| trophallaxis in a communal halictine bee lasioglossum (chilalictus) erythrurum. | food exchange by means of oral trophallaxis was confirmed for a communal halictine bee lasioglossum (chilalictus) erythrurum. these results demonstrate an independent evolution of trophallaxis in bees. the occurrence of trophallaxis in a communal species questions the role of trophallaxis in the evolution of sociality. neutral arena encounters between one fed and one unfed female indicate that food exchange is not associated with familiarity. donor females fed nestmates and nonnestmates in the s ... | 1990 | 11607091 |
| caste and metamorphosis: hemolymph titers of juvenile hormone and ecdysteroids in last instar honeybee larvae. | juvenile hormone (jh) and ecdysteroid titers are critical factors for caste development and metamorphosis in the last larval instar of the honeybee, apis mellifera. two highly sensitive radioimmunoassays were used for the determination of these hormones in the hemolymph. for juvenile hormone, which is of prime importance for the control of caste development in honeybees, our data show a caste-specific peak in queen larvae of the early fifth instar. a second peak appears in prepupae of both caste ... | 1990 | 2354779 |
| [blood pressure changes induced by physical exercise and tyramine infusion in hypertensive and normotensive subjects]. | the aim of our investigation was to assess blood pressure (bp) and heart rate (hr) variations in 20 essential hypertensive male inpatients (who class i and ii) and in 20 normotensive healthy volunteers submitted to three provocation tests: isometric handgrip (ihg), bicycle ergometric exercise (bee) and tyramine infusion (ti) given as i.v. boluses with saline in a single-blind manner. according to our data, ihg induced a comparable rise of systolic blood pressure (sbp), diastolic blood pressure ( ... | 2015 | 2288819 |
| parental analysis of introgressive hybridization between african and european honeybees using nuclear dna rflps. | african honeybees, introduced into brazil 33 years ago, have spread through most of south and central america and have largely replaced the extant european bees. due to a paucity of genetic markers, genetic interactions between european and african bees are not well understood. three restriction fragment length polymorphisms (rflps), detected with random, nuclear dna probes, are described. the polymorphisms are specific to bees of european descent, possibly specific to certain european races. ea ... | 1990 | 1974226 |
| engrailed expression and body segmentation in the honeybee apis mellifera. | honeybee embryos were stained with a monoclonal antibody raised against the drosophila engrailed protein. the antibody was found to label rows of nuclei in the transverse grooves that form the earliest external sign of metameric germ band organization. these grooves demarcate metameric units about seven cell rows wide, of which about three rows with reduced apical cell surfaces account for the grooves. the en stripes appear in the grooves as soon as these form and grow from one to about four cel ... | 1990 | 28305674 |
| [nutritional care of severe acute head injury patients: formulas for early enteral alimentation]. | the objectives of this study were: 1) to determine a suitable enteral alimentation formula to meet calorie and protein requirements in acute severe head injury; and 2) to evaluate the effect of different alimentation formulas on the outcomes of 60 patients, who suffered from acutely severe head injury without other major injuries and who were treated without steroids. these patients were randomly divided into three groups and enteral feeding was started within 24 hrs. of admission or postoperati ... | 1990 | 1977869 |
| quantitatively determined self-incompatibility : 2. outcrossing inborago officinaux. | it has been claimed that borage (borago officinalis l.) has a multifactorial self-incompatibility system. such systems may have a high level of ineffective pollination, and we show that this is the case in borage. the ranking of seed set from highest to lowest is as follows: bee-pollination; natural pollination in the absence of bees; artificial cross-pollination between unrelated plants; artificial cross-pollination between related plants; artificial self-pollination. in diallel crosses, signif ... | 1990 | 24226365 |
| the kinetics and inhibition of p-nitrophenylacetate-hydrolysing esterases in a solitary bee, megachile rotundata (fab.). | 1. the kinetics and inhibition of p-nitrophenylacetate hydrolysis by cytosolic esterases of female alfalfa leafcutting bees, megachile rotundata (fab.) was examined. 2. for p-nitrophenylacetate, the km = 1.24 x 10(-4) m and vmax = 2.29 x 10(-9) mol/s per mg protein. 3. regarding four organophosphate insecticides, the mechanism of inhibition in all cases was mixed (competitive and uncompetitive) and, based on inhibition constants, the order of toxicity was naled greater than paraoxon greater than ... | 1990 | 2349807 |
| allosteric properties, substrate specificity, and subsite affinities of honeybee alpha-glucosidase i. | the substrate specificity of honeybee alpha-glucosidase i, a monomeric enzyme was kinetically investigated. unusual kinetic features were observed in the cleavage reactions of sucrose, maltose, p-nitrophenyl alpha-glucoside, phenyl alpha-glucoside, turanose, and maltodextrin (dp = 13). at relatively high substrate concentrations, the velocities of liberation of fructose from sucrose, glucose from maltose, p-nitrophenol from p-nitrophenyl alpha-glucoside, and phenol from phenyl alpha-glucoside we ... | 1990 | 2204617 |
| phospholipases: old enzymes with new meaning. | phospholipases are enzymes that hydrolyze specific portions of phospholipid molecules. their role in the digestion of exogenous phospholipids and as the active principle in snake and bee venoms has long been appreciated. interest has increased in phospholipases recently because of new data implicating them in the inflammatory response. the ability of phospholipases to hydrolyze bacterial phospholipids has also received considerable attention. these new data have brought pertinence to studies of ... | 1990 | 2157620 |
| can total parenteral nutrition reverse hypoalbuminemia in oncology patients? | to determine if hypoalbuminemia is a consequence of protein-energy malnutrition rather than an associated feature of cancer, we reviewed results when vigorous nutritional support was given to 13 men and 9 women who had solid tumors (head and neck [10], gastrointestinal [8], other [4]) and an initial serum albumin less than 3.5 g/dl. patients had received a minimum of 21 days of nutritional support with total parenteral nutrition (tpn) supplying an average daily energy intake of at least 1.5 x ba ... | 2004 | 2136002 |
| exocrine secretions of bees x. 3,7-dimethyldeca-2,6-dien-1,10-diol: a sex-specific compound fromnomada annulata (hymenoptera: anthophoridae). | 3,7-dimethyldeca-2,6-dien-1,10-diol was isolated from male cephalic extracts of the cleptoparasitic or "cuckoo" bee,nomada annulata. the compound is absent in female head extracts. this diol, previously known only from a male danaid butterfly, is a new bee natural product and is not found in the volatile exocrine secretions of the host bee,andrena macra. the role of this compound in this parasite-host system, including the chemical basis ofnomada-andrena associations, is discussed. | 1990 | 24263712 |
| ayurvedic drugs in unani materia medica. | nearly two hundred ayurvedic drugs of plant origin have bee introduced in he unani material medica, the names of most of the drugs have been adopted from indian languages per se. | 1990 | 22557697 |
| conservation of antigen 3g6: a crystalline cone constituent in the compound eye of arthropods. | a monoclonal antibody (mab), 3g6, highly selective for neuropil glia in the cns of the house cricket acheta domesticus, also demonstrates remarkable selectivity for the nonneuronal crystalline cone cells of the compound eye. mab 3g6 labels cone cells in eucone eyes throughout insecta, from ancestral forms such as the bristle tail to the more recent honeybee; eucone structures are also recognized in crustacea. analogous nonneural structures found in pseudocone or acone eyes also express detectabl ... | 1990 | 2351963 |
| z-band proteins in the flight muscle and leg muscle of the honeybee. | monoclonal antibodies (mab's) have been raised against proteins in preparations of z-discs isolated from honeybee fibrillar flight muscle. these antibodies have identified four z-disc antigens on immunoblots of honeybee fibrillar proteins. antibody alpha binds to the 90-100 kd protein, alpha-actinin; mab p interacts with the protein, projectin, an extremely large polypeptide (greater than 600kd) found in the connecting filaments which link thick filaments to the z-band in insect asynchronous fli ... | 1990 | 2351750 |
| ant, bee, and wasp stings. | stinging insect envenomation and allergy remain important clinical and research problems. approximately 40 deaths occur annually as a result of these stings. the dermatologist can help to avoid this outcome by appropriate recognition of the offending insect and by instituting or arranging the appropriate therapy and avoidance. bee-sting kits should be encouraged for sensitive individuals. dermatologists should be alert to the increasing imported fire ant problem, be able to make the diagnosis, a ... | 1990 | 2191796 |
| evidence for light-induced release of ca2+ from intracellular stores in bee photoreceptors. | in the drone retina light elicits an increase in the extracellular ca2+ concentration ([ca]o). after withdrawal of extracellular ca2+ and addition of 1 mm egta (ethyleneglycol-bis (beta-aminoethyl ether) n,n,n',n'-tetraacetic acid) a short light flash still caused an increase in [ca]o as measured with ca2(+)-sensitive microelectrodes. this increase vanished after a few flashes. when [ca]o was reduced to 10(-5) m ca2+ (no egta) the rise in cao disappeared after several light flashes. subsequent s ... | 1990 | 2336197 |
| semiochemicals of the honeybee queen mandibular glands. | the ontogeny of the five queen mandibular gland semiochemicals that initiate and maintain the retinue behavior of worker honeybees was investigated by quantitative splitless capillary gas chromatography. no detectable pheromone is present at the time of eclosion, but decenoic acid levels build up rapidly during the first week of the queen's life. two aromatic components attain detectable levels later, with the more plentiful methylp-hydroxybenzoate preceding the 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenylethanol. ... | 1990 | 24263600 |
| honeybee response to queen mandibular pheromone in laboratory bioassays. | quantitative laboratory biosassays measuring short-range attraction of worker honeybees to pheromone-treated pipets or glass pseudo-queens are described. each replicate involves only 15 workers, allowing a single colony to provide sufficient individuals for a complete study as well as for between-colony comparisons. the more sensitive pseudo-queen bioassay provides a measurable response at levels of queen mandibular extract of 10(-7) than that of an average individual mated queen. formation and ... | 1990 | 24263599 |
| sunflower aroma detection by the honeybee : study by coupling gas chromatography and electroantennography. | combined electrophysiological recordings (eag) and gas chromatographic separation were performed in order to investigate which volatile chemical components of a sunflower extract could be detected by honeybee workers and thus are likely to trigger the foraging behavior. a direct coupling device allowed for the stimulation of the antennal receptors with individual constituents of a polar fraction of the flower aroma shown to be attractive to bees. more than 100 compounds were separated from the e ... | 1990 | 24263586 |
| [the treatment of periodontitis with prolonged-action propolis preparations (clinical x-ray research)]. | a 4% alcohol solution of bee glue is suggested to be added to the filler for root-canal filling, besides the traditional treatment of the root canals with bee glue solution. clinical and x-ray examinations have demonstrated a high efficacy of such technique in acute, exacerbated, and chronic forms of periodontitis. this filler is characterized by an anesthetizing effect; it resolves behind the root canal apex within 3-12 months, is preserved in the root canals, does not stain the tooth crown, pr ... | 2016 | 2371724 |
| relapsing anaphylaxis to bee sting in a patient treated with beta-blocker and ca blocker. | | 1990 | 2312997 |
| robber bees (lestrimelitta limao) and their host chemical and visual cues in nest defense bytrigona (tetragonisca) angustula (apidae: meliponinae). | the nest of the stingless bee,trigona (tetragonisca) angustula, is guarded by bees positioned in the nest entrance and others hovering in front of it. hovering guard bees track returning foragers sideways along the last 10 cm in front of the nest, but intercept and incapacitate nest intruders by clinging with mandibles to wings and legs. when attacked by the cleptobiotic stingless beelestrimelitta limao, the colony strengthens its aerial defense with hundreds of additional hoverers. to test our ... | 1990 | 24263518 |
| andrena wilkella male bees discriminate between enantiomers of cephalic secretion components. | diastereomers of the spiroacetal, 2,8-dimethyl-1,7-dioxaspiro [5.5]undecane, represent main components of the cephalic secretion from males of the solitary bee,andrena wilkella. the major compound proved to be of high enantiomeric purity, showing (2s,6r,8s) configuration. only the naturally occurring enantiomer attracted patrolling males in the field; its antipode was behaviorally inactive and in a racemic mixture did not inhibit response. the (e,z) diastereomers were also found to be almost ina ... | 1990 | 24263500 |
| evidence for leukotrienes in animal venoms. | to elucidate further the pathomechanisms of cutaneous whealing in response to insect or sea-animal stings, commercial sources of bee and wasp venoms and of sea nettle nematocyst extracts, as well as crude bee and wasp venoms, were examined for the presence of histamine, leukotrienes (lt) c4, ltb4 (radioimmunoassay and reverse-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography), and neutrophil chemotactic activity (nca). histamine was present in all samples with the highest levels in the crude insect veno ... | 1990 | 1968071 |
| melittin binding to mixed phosphatidylglycerol/phosphatidylcholine membranes. | the binding of bee venom melittin to negatively charged unilamellar vesicles and planar lipid bilayers composed of 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (popc) and 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoglycerol (popg) was studied with circular dichroism and deuterium nmr spectroscopy. the melittin binding isotherm was measured for small unilamellar vesicles containing 10 or 20 mol % popg. due to electrostatic attraction, binding of the positively charged melittin was much enhanced ... | 1990 | 2322549 |
| epidemiology of honey bee parasites. | the epidemiology of honey bee parasites has been somewhat neglected, but lynn royce and philippe rossignol describe their unique characteristics. indeed, it appears that a parasite of social insects has in essence to adapt to two hosts: first, the individual worker within a colony, the numbers of which grow linearly and second, to the colony itself, the actual reproductive 'organism'. transmission also has vertical and horizontal components. analysis of tracheal mite populations in particular su ... | 1990 | 15463265 |
| [diffuse adenomyomatosis of the gallbladder]. | adenomyomatosis is a rare benign proliferative disease of the gallbladder characterized by epithelial proliferation and formation of mucosal pouches through the thickened muscular layer of gall bladder wall. it appears in three different types: diffuse, segmental and localised adenomyomatosis. diffuse type is the rarest. etiology is unknown. patients sometimes feel a dull pain in the upper right abdominal quadrant. preoperative diagnosis is based on cholecystography and ultrasonography. cholecys ... | 1990 | 8701675 |
| contribution of bee venom phospholipase a2 contamination in melittin fractions to presumed activation of tissue phospholipase a2. | melittin from bee venom has been suggested to activate tissue phospholipase a2 (pla2) activity, and subsequently has been used as a specific pla2 probe. the melittin in most cases was obtained commercially and used without further purification or treatment. to test the hypothesis that commercially obtained melittin specifically activates tissue pla2, we radiolabeled the lipids of immortalized epithelial cells by incubating the cells for 22 hr with 14c-linoleic acid. the cells were then incubated ... | 1990 | 2402761 |
| a method for measuring the oxygen consumption of photoreceptor cells in the steady state and after a brief stimulation by light. | the rate of oxygen consumption (qo2) in living tissue cannot be directly measured but may be estimated by mathematically modelling the diffusion of oxygen in the tissue and measuring the local partial pressure of oxygen (po2). the retina of arthropods contains only two types of cells, photoreceptor and glial cells, which are regularly distributed. because of this simple structure, simple models of diffusion can be used to estimate the qo2 of the tissue, both in steady state and after a brief sti ... | 1990 | 2338250 |
| a k+ channel in xenopus nerve fibres selectively blocked by bee and snake toxins: binding and voltage-clamp experiments. | 1. the effects of mast cell degranulating peptide (mcdp), a toxin from the honey bee, and of dendrotoxin (dtx), a toxin from the green mamba snake, were studied in voltage-clamp experiments with myelinated nerve fibres of xenopus. 2. mcdp and dtx blocked part of the k+ current. about 20% of the k+ current, however, was resistant to the toxins even in high concentrations. in ringer solution half-maximal block was reached with concentrations of 33 nm-mcdp and 11 nm-dtx. in high-k+ solution the pot ... | 1990 | 2324990 |
| semantic and associative priming in the cerebral hemispheres: some words do, some words don't ... sometimes, some places. | this study investigated spreading activation for words presented to the left and right hemispheres using an automatic semantic priming paradigm. three types of semantic relations were used: similar-only (deer-pony), associated-only (bee-honey), and similar + associated (doctor-nurse). priming of lexical decisions was symmetrical over visual fields for all semantic relations when prime words were centrally presented. however, when primes and targets were lateralized to the same visual field, simi ... | 1990 | 2302547 |
| bee venom allergy. | bee stings are a common occurrence and for most people they cause only mild local discomfort, but for a few they are life threatening. the author considers the natural history of bee venom allergy, the place of diagnostic tests in assessing bee venom allergy, the emergency management of allergic reactions, and the use of bee venom immunotherapy in children. | 1990 | 2302118 |
| biochemical and immunochemical comparison of africanized and european honeybee venoms. | africanized honeybees (hbs) pose a hazard to both normal and sting-sensitive subjects in certain areas of central and south america, and it is predicted that they will soon be present in the southern united states as well. using an electrical stimulation device, we collected africanized hb venom (ahv) in venezuela and european hb venom (ehv) in louisiana. these venoms, along with commercial european hb venom (chv), were compared by thin-layer isoelectric focusing and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polya ... | 1990 | 2299109 |
| epinephrine-induced vasospasm reversed by phentolamine digital block. | a case of profound digital vasoconstriction caused by the accidental injection of epinephrine from a commercial bee sting kit is reported. one hour later the patient had a cold, painful, blanched finger. a digital block using a 2-mg dose of phentolamine mixed with 2% lidocaine was performed. thirty minutes after treatment, the finger was pink and warm. the patient reported a marked decrease in pain. reexamination 12 hours later showed only mild tenderness at the fingertip. no tissue necrosis occ ... | 1990 | 2293835 |
| fmrfamide-like immunoreactivity in the brain of the honeybee (apis mellifera). a light-and electron microscopical study. | peptide-fmrfamide-like immunoreactivity in the brain and suboesophageal ganglion of the honeybee apis mellifera l. is demonstrated with the peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique. immunoreactivity is found in about 120 perikarya of the brain and in about 30 of the suboesophageal ganglion. these cells are distributed in 13 paired clusters representing neurons of different types including neurosecretory neurons projecting to neurohemal organs. immunoreactivity of different intensity is found in the n ... | 1990 | 2270144 |
| phospholipase a2 in venom extracts from honey bees (apis mellifera l.) of different ages. | we measured phospholipase a2 activity in the venom of worker honey bees (apis mellifera l.) of known ages using chemical (titrimetric) and radioallergosorbent methods. the two techniques give similar results. low levels of phospholipase a2 are present in the venom system at the time of eclosion. phospholipase a2 activity in the venom increases steadily through the 10 days after eclosion. maximal phospholipase a2 levels (about 40 micrograms phospholipase a2/venom sac) are maintained through the r ... | 1990 | 2219143 |
| raised intraabdominal pressure, renal failure, and the bumble bee. | | 1990 | 2212250 |
| bee venom immunotherapy. | | 1990 | 2210838 |
| local reactions to stinging insects (hymenoptera). | hymenoptera stings cause cutaneous nonallergic local reactions of limited size and duration in most individuals. some subjects experience an allergic local reaction (large local reaction) to a sting that is greater than 10 cm in diameter and may last for up to 5 days. the nonallergic local reaction is a toxic response to venom constituents, while the large local reaction appears to be caused by an allergic reaction to venom proteins. the ige-mediated late-phase reaction is probably responsible f ... | 2005 | 2179057 |
| comparison of low, medium, and high carbohydrate formulas for nighttime enteral feedings in cystic fibrosis patients. | this study examined whether the increase in co2 production (vco2) and ventilatory demands by carbohydrate loading with different formulas during nighttime enteral feedings could be detrimental in young adult cystic fibrosis patients with moderate to advanced lung disease. ten patients age 17 to 24 (mean 21.4 years) received 1000 kcal/m2 of a low (pulmocare), medium (ensure plus), and high (vivonex hn) carbohydrate formula in random order. eight patients had severe, and two moderate obstructive p ... | 2017 | 2109114 |
| transbilayer redistribution of phosphatidylserine in erythrocytes of a patient with autoerythrocyte sensitization syndrome (psychogenic purpura). | we have investigated a female patient with autoerythrocyte sensitization syndrome (aes syndrome), having a positive skin response to her own red blood cells (rbc) and to phosphatidylserine (ps). using 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (tnbs), bee venom phospholipase a2 and merocyanine 540 binding, we have demonstrated that in rbc of patient more than 50% of ps is redistributed into the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane. using homologous rbc from a healthy donor we were able to induce transbi ... | 1990 | 1713890 |
| [clinical aspects, diagnosis and therapy of insect bite allergy]. | systemic allergic reactions following insect stings, most often by hymenoptera (honey bee, wasp), are usually of the immediate type and thus mediated by venom specific ige-antibodies. the most frequent clinical symptoms are urticaria, angioedema, asthma and anaphylactic shock. while in epidemiological surveys up to 4% of individuals report a history of systemic allergic reactions following hymenoptera stings, fatal cases are extremely rare. diagnosis is based on history, skin tests and estimatio ... | 1989 | 2694366 |
| bees assess pollen returns while sonicating solanum flowers. | can bees accurately gauge accumulating bodily pollen as they harvest pollen from flowers? several recent reports conclude that bees fail to assess pollen harvest rates when foraging for nectar and pollen. a native nightshade (solanum elaeagnifolium cavanilles) that is visited exclusively for pollen by both solitary and social bees (eg. ptiloglossa and bombus) was studied in se arizona and sw new mexico. the flowers have no nectaries. two experiments were deployed that eliminated "pollen feedback ... | 1989 | 28311178 |
| [physiologically active substances in the oral excreta produced by honey bee--effects of royal jelly on silkworm]. | the effect of royal jelly on the growth, development, weight of a cocoon and the number of eggs of the silkworm, bombyx mori, was tested by the use of artificial diets. the growth and developmental speed of the silkworm were quickened by addition of royal jelly. the number of eggs increased markedly by the feeding of raw royal jelly but not of boiled royal jelly. | 1989 | 2640797 |
| [eye injury caused by bee sting]. | | 2004 | 2617756 |
| characterization of components of z-bands in the fibrillar flight muscle of drosophila melanogaster. | twelve monoclonal antibodies have been raised against proteins in preparations of z-disks isolated from drosophila melanogaster flight muscle. the monoclonal antibodies that recognized z-band components were identified by immunofluorescence microscopy of flight muscle myofibrils. these antibodies have identified three z-disk antigens on immunoblots of myofibrillar proteins. monoclonal antibodies alpha:1-4 recognize a 90-100-kd protein which we identify as alpha-actinin on the basis of cross-reac ... | 1989 | 2509482 |
| hormonal and genetic control of behavioral integration in honey bee colonies. | the ability of insect colonies to adjust the division of labor among workers in response to changing environmental and colony conditions, coupled with research showing genetic effects on the division of labor in honey bee colonies, led to an investigation of the role of genetics and the environment in the integration of worker behavior. measurements of juvenile hormone(jh) titers and allozyme analyses of worker honey bees suggest that two processes are involved in colony-level regulation of divi ... | 1989 | 17837770 |
| mechanism of induction of long term potentiation by the mast cell degranulating peptide. | the properties of long term potentiation (ltp), which is a sustained enhancement of the synaptic response produced by a brief train of electrical stimulation, and its mechanisms are briefly reviewed. bath application of the mast cell degranulating peptide (mcd) - a peptide isolated from bee venom- also produces in hippocampal slices ltp which is indistinguishable from that produced by a train of electrical stimulation (no change in postsynaptic cell properties, apv sensitive). in vivo push-pull ... | 1989 | 2557645 |