| trace element availability and plant growth in a mine-spill contaminated soil under assisted natural remediation i. soils. | we evaluated the effects of different amendments and/or a plant cover on reclamation of a trace element contaminated soil. seven treatments were established: four organic (leonardite (leo), litter (lit), municipal waste compost (mwc), biosolid compost (bc)), one inorganic (sugar beet lime (sl)) and two controls (control without amendment but with agrostis (ctrp) and control without amendment and without agrostis (ctr)). results showed that total organic c was significantly higher in organic trea ... | 2006 | 16581109 |
| searching for a new putative cryptic virus in pinus sylvestris l. | double-stranded rnas (dsrnas) were detected in different pine populations in germany and hungary. two dsrna species of 1.5 and 1.58 kbp, respectively, persisted in the same trees for at least 2 years and their presence was not associated with any symptoms. the dsrnas were found to sediment in the vlp (virus-like particles) fraction and to be protected by protein(s) against rnase a digestion at low salt. cdna cloning and sequencing of the smaller segment (dsrna2) led to the identification of a pu ... | 2006 | 16604450 |
| beet sugar syrup and molasses as low-cost feedstock for the enzymatic production of fructo-oligosaccharides. | sugar syrup and molasses from beet processing containing 620 and 570 mg/ml sucrose, respectively, were assayed as low-cost and available substrates for the enzymatic synthesis of fructo-oligosaccharides (foss). a commercial pectinase (pectinex ultra sp-l, from aspergillus aculeatus) characterized by the presence of a transfructosylating activity was used as a biocatalyst. the fos production increased when lowering the initial ph value of syrup (7.5) and molasses (8.9) to 5.5. sugar syrup and mol ... | 2006 | 16608216 |
| use of the in vitro cumulative gas production technique for pigs: an examination of alterations in fermentation products and substrate losses at various time points. | an experiment was conducted to examine changes in vfa and ammonia concentrations at different time points using 4 fermentable carbohydrate-rich feed ingredients as substrates and feces of unweaned piglets as inoculum. fecal inoculum was collected, pooled, and mixed from 9 specially raised (no creep feed or antibiotics) crossbred piglets at 3 wk of age. inulin, lactulose, molasses-free sugar beet pulp, and wheat starch were used as substrates and were fermented in vitro for 72 h (3 replicates per ... | 2006 | 16612013 |
| comparative analysis of the plasmids from two isolates of "candidatus phytoplasma australiense". | two plasmids from the plant-pathogenic mollicute "candidatus phytoplasma australiense" were completely sequenced from two isolates derived from different plant hosts. plasmid ppaph2 (3607bp) was obtained from phormium showing phormium yellow leaf symptoms and ppasb11 (3635bp) from strawberry showing strawberry lethal yellows symptoms. the plasmids varied in their copy number and nucleotide sequence yet contained the same four open reading frames (orfs). the deduced amino acid sequence derived fr ... | 2006 | 16620976 |
| decreased abundance and diversity of culturable pseudomonas spp. populations with increasing copper exposure in the sugar beet rhizosphere. | recent studies have indicated that culturable bacteria constitute highly sensitive bioindicators of metal-induced stress in soil. we report the impact of different copper exposure levels characteristic of contaminated agricultural soils on culturable pseudomonas spp. in the rhizosphere of sugar beet. we observed that the abundance of pseudomonas spp. was much more severely affected than that of the general population of culturable heterotrophic bacteria by copper. for diversity assessment, pseud ... | 2006 | 16629757 |
| study on dna diversity of iranian populations of erysiphe betae causal agent of sugar beet powdery mildew. | 107 samples of e. betae were collected on infected leaves from all over iranian beet cultivation areas. their choosing were based on geographical and host origin(sugar beet, red beet, fodder beet and wild beet). 30 isolates were single colonized and grown on sugar beet susceptible genotype 7233. 107 specimens were analyzed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) of the ribosomal internal transcribed spacers (its) and 5.8s dna which previously amplified by the polymerase chain reaction ... | 2005 | 16637196 |
| study on the overwintering of cleistothecia and conidia of erysiphe betae causal agent of sugar beet powdery mildew in iran. | sugar beet leaves covered by sexual (cleistothecia) and asexual forms (mycelia and conidia) of erysiphe betae were gathered at harvest time and maintained under natural outdoor conditions. in order to determine the function of cleistothecia and also conidia in the overwintering of e. betae some experiments were performed. the results showed that ascospores were unable to be released in petri dishes but their release under natural conditions occurred after 4 months. under in vitro conditions asco ... | 2005 | 16637197 |
| alpha-l-arabinofuranosidase from radish (raphanus sativus l.) seeds. | an alpha-l-arabinofuranosidase has been purified 1043-fold from radish (raphanus sativus l.) seeds. the purified enzyme was a homogeneous glycoprotein consisting of a single polypeptide with an apparent molecular weight of 64,000 and an isoelectric point value of 4.7, as evidenced by denaturing gel electrophoresis and reversed-phase or size-exclusion high-performance liquid chromatography and isoelectric focusing. the enzyme characteristically catalyzes the hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl alpha-l-ar ... | 1992 | 16652973 |
| common identity of substrate binding subunit of vacuolar h-translocating inorganic pyrophosphatase of higher plant cells. | there have been conflicting reports in the literature concerning the polypeptide composition of the vacuolar h(+)-translocating inorganic pyrophosphatase (tonoplast h(+)-ppase) of plant cells. the major subunit(s) of the enzyme have been attributed to polypeptides of relative molecular weight (m(r)) 64,500 (beta vulgaris), 67,000 (beta vulgaris), 73,000 (vigna radiata), and 37,000 to 45,000 (zea mays). here, we reconcile these differences to show, through the combined application of independent ... | 1992 | 16653052 |
| invertase inhibitors from red beet, sugar beet, and sweet potato roots. | invertase inhibitors have been isolated and partially purified from red beets, sugar beets, and sweet potatoes. these inhibitors are thermolabile proteins with molecular weights of 18,000 to 23,000. they do not inhibit yeast and neurospora invertases, but they are reactive with potato tuber invertase and other plant invertases with ph optima near 4.5. there are differences in reactivity of the inhibitors with some of the plant invertases, however. for most invertases, red beet and sugar beet inh ... | 1968 | 16656933 |
| chromatin- and nuclei-directed ribonucleic acid synthesis in sugar beet root. | the synthesis of rna by chromatin-bound rna polymerase prepared from sugar beet (beta vulgaris) root tissue is completely dependent on the presence of a divalent metal (mg(2+) or mn(2+)) and the presence of four ribonucleoside triphosphates. accumulation of labeled acid-insoluble product is inhibited by the addition of rnase and actinomycin d to the reaction. when beet root slices are washed for 25 hours, chromatin-associated rna polymerase activity increases 7-fold over that of unwashed tissue. ... | 1971 | 16657606 |
| effects of gamma irradiation on chromatin activity of sugar beet tissue. | chromatin-associated rna polymerase activity increases during washing of sugar beet tissue to a maximum by 20 hours. this increase was inhibited by dosages of gamma irradiation between 50 and 400 krad. template availability, as measured by saturating levels of added escherichia coli rna polymerase, also increased with washing and was inhibited, although to a lesser extent, by the above irradiation dosages. neither endogenous polymerase activity nor template availability was affected by high dosa ... | 1971 | 16657702 |
| differences in lipid composition between undifferentiated and mature maize chloroplasts. | lipid compositions of undifferentiated maize (zea mays) chloroplasts, capable of fixing co(2), were compared with the lipid compositions of mature chloroplasts, which do not fix co(2), located in both the mesophyll and bundle sheath cells. the major lipids found in all three chloroplast types were the glycolipids, monogalactosyl diglyceride and digalactosyl diglyceride, followed by decreasing amounts of sulfolipid, phosphatidyl glycerol, phosphatidyl choline, phosphatidyl inositol, and diphospha ... | 1973 | 16658413 |
| effect of co(2) concentration on glycine and serine formation during photorespiration. | amount and products of photosynthesis during 10 minutes were measured at different (14)co(2) concentrations in air. with tobacco (nicotiana tabacum l. cv. maryland mammoth) leaves the percentage of (14)c in glycine plus serine was highest (42%) at 0.005% co(2), and decreased with increasing co(2) concentration to 7% of the total at 1% co(2) in air. however, above 0.03% co(2) the total amount of (14)c incorporated into the glycine and serine pool was about constant. at 0.005% or 0.03% co(2) the p ... | 1974 | 16658736 |
| determination of structure and composition of suberin from the roots of carrot, parsnip, rutabaga, turnip, red beet, and sweet potato by combined gas-liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. | suberin from the roots of carrots (daucus carota), parsnip (pastinaca sativa), rutabaga (brassica napobrassica), turnip (brassica rapa), red beet (beta vulgaris), and sweet potato (ipomoea batatas) was isolated by a combination of chemical and enzymatic techniques. finely powdered suberin was depolymerized with 14% bf(3) in methanol, and soluble monomers (20-50% of suberin) were fractionated into phenolic (<10%) and aliphatic (13-35%) fractions. the aliphatic fractions consisted mainly of omega- ... | 1975 | 16659124 |
| effect of powdery mildew infection on photosynthesis by leaves and chloroplasts of sugar beets. | chloroplasts isolated from powdery mildew-infected (erysiphe polygoni dc) sugar beet leaves (beta vulgaris l) showed a reduction in the rate of electron transport and in the accompanying atp formation in noncyclic photophosphorylation (water as electron donor, nadp as electron acceptor) and little or no change in the rate of atp formation in cyclic photophosphorylation catalyzed by phenazine methosulfate. the inhibition of noncyclic photophosphorylation appeared to lead in the parent leaves to a ... | 1976 | 16659511 |
| mechanism of plant growth stimulation by naphthenic acid: ii. enzymes of co(2) fixation, co(2) compensation point, bean embryo respiration. | potassium naphthenate, 20 mm, was applied to the foliage of 14-day-old plants of bush bean, phaseolus vulgaris l, cv top crop, maize, zea mays l, cv golden bantam, spring wheat, triticum vulgare vill., cv neepawa, and a 2 mm solution to 21-day-old plants of sugar beet, beta vulgaris l, cv cs-43. seven days after application, the activities of ribulose diphosphate carboxylase and phosphoenolpyruvic carboxylase in leaves of naphthenate-treated bean and maize were greater than in the leaves of untr ... | 1976 | 16659626 |
| role of orthophosphate and other factors in the regulation of starch formation in leaves and isolated chloroplasts. | starch synthesis in leaves was increased by phosphate starvation or by treatments which decreased cytoplasmic orthophosphate levels (such as mannose feeding). usually less than 30% of the total carbon fixed during co(2) assimilation was incorporated into starch in spinach (spinacia oleracea l.), spinach beet (beta vulgaris), and tobacco (nicotiana tabacum) leaves.in isolated spinach chloroplasts, formation of starch from co(2) was usually less than in leaves. in the absence of significant levels ... | 1977 | 16660011 |
| structure of plant cell walls: ix. purification and partial characterization of a wall-degrading endo-arabanase and an arabinosidase from bacillus subtilis. | wild type bacillus subtilis, when grown on beet araban, secretes into its culture medium an endo-arabanase and two arabinosidases. an alternate procedure to one previously described (kaji a, t saheki 1975 biochim biophys acta 410: 354-360) has been developed for the purification of the endo-arabanase. the purified endo-arabanase is shown to be homogeneous by sodium dodecyl sulfate-urea disc gel electrophoresis (molecular weight approximately 32,000) and by isoelectric focusing (pi = 9.3). the en ... | 1979 | 16660741 |
| dimethylsulfoxide as a potential tool for analysis of compartmentation in living plant cells. | data are presented which indicate that dimethylsulfoxide (dmso) acts selectively on the plasma membrane of cultured tobacco cells, rendering it more permeable to small molecules, while having a far smaller effect on the permeability of the vacuolar membrane. the results which support this conclusion are: (a) dmso (5 to 10%, by volume) causes complete release of [(14)c]tryptophan newly synthesized from [(14)c]indole while causing efflux of only about 20% of the total intracellular tryptophan pool ... | 1979 | 16661021 |
| patterns of ehtylene production in senescing leaves. | changes in the patterns of ethylene production, chlorophyll content, and respiration were studied in relation to the senescence of intact leaves and leaf discs. the primary leaves of pinto bean, which abscise readily during natural senescence, and tobacco and sugar beet leaves, which do not abscise, were used. a decrease in the rate of ethylene production and respiration, during the slow phase of chlorophyll degradation, was observed in leaf-blade discs cut from mature leaves and aged in the dar ... | 1979 | 16661056 |
| effects of iron and oxygen on chlorophyll biosynthesis : i. in vivo observations on iron and oxygen-deficient plants. | corn (zea mays, l.), bean (phaseolus vulgaris l.), barley (hordeum vulgare l.), spinach (spinacia oleracea l.), and sugarbeet (beta vulgaris l.) grown under iron deficiency, and potamogeton pectinatus l, and potamogeton nodosus poir. grown under oxygen deficiency, contained less chlorophyll than the controls, but accumulated mg-protoporphyrin ix and/or mg-protoporphyrin ix monomethyl ester. no significant accumulation of these intermediates was detected in the controls or in the tissue of plants ... | 1982 | 16662138 |
| effects of powdery mildew infection on the efficiency of co(2) fixation and light utilization by sugar beet leaves. | sugar beet leaves (beta vulgaris l.) infected with powdery mildew (erysiphe polygoni d.c.) show declining rates of net photosynthesis as the disease develops; relative to healthy controls, reductions of 35, 70, and 75% were observed at 9, 16, and 22 days after inoculation, respectively. a leaf gas exchange procedure in which an air stream flowed through the leaf showed that mesophyll conductance declined in parallel with photosynthesis in mildew-infected leaves. viscous flow conductance of disea ... | 1982 | 16662146 |
| reduction in sink-mobilizing ability following periods of high carbon flux. | sink tissues may play a significant role in determining photosynthetic rates through their ability to mobilize assimilates. the objective in this study was to determine if the mobilizing ability of taproot sink tissues of sugarbeet (beta vulgaris) could become limiting when assimilate supply was maintained at a high level for an extended period of time. assimilate supply was either enhanced by co(2) enrichment or reduced by shading.field-grown sugarbeet plants were exposed to ambient co(2) and o ... | 1982 | 16662163 |
| emission of hydrogen sulfide by leaf tissue in response to l-cysteine. | leaf discs and detached leaves exposed to l-cysteine emitted a volatile sulfur compound which was proven by gas chromatography to be h(2)s. this phenomenon was demonstrated in all nine species tested (cucumis sativus, cucurbita pepo, nicotiana tabacum, coleus blumei, beta vulgaris, phaseolus vulgaris, medicago sativa, hordeum vulgare, and gossypium hirsutum). the emission of volatile sulfur by cucumber leaves occurred in the dark at a similar rate to that in the light. the emission of leaf discs ... | 1982 | 16662510 |
| role of sucrose-phosphate synthase in partitioning of carbon in leaves. | variations in leaf starch accumulation were observed among four species (wheat [triticum aestivum l.], soybean [glycine max l. merr.], tobacco [nicotiana tabacum l.], and red beet [beta vulgaris l.]), nine peanut (arachis hypogea l.) cultivars, and two specific peanut genotypes grown under different nutritional regimes. among the genotypes tested, the activity of sucrose phosphate synthase was correlated negatively with leaf sucrose content in seven of the nine peanut cultivars as well as the tw ... | 1983 | 16662913 |
| isolation of ;vacuoplasts' from poterioochromonas malhamensis. | a method is reported for the isolation of ;vacuoplasts' from poterioochromonas malhamensis. vacuoplasts are separated mechanically by centrifugation on silica-sol gradients. they consist of the leucosin storage vacuole, a portion of the plasma membrane, and some cytoplasmic components. this method is suited to give a high yield of vacuoplasts.vacuoles are the largest membrane-bound organelles in plant cells. only a few methods exist for their large scale isolation and purification in an intact a ... | 1983 | 16663231 |
| auxin-induced ethylene production as related to auxin metabolism in leaf discs of tobacco and sugar beet. | exogenously supplied indole-3-acetic acid (iaa) stimulated ethylene production in tobacco (nicotiana glauca) leaf discs but not in those of sugar beet (beta vulgaris l.). the stimulatory effect of iaa in tobacco was relatively small during the first 24 hours of incubation but became greater during the next 24 hours. it was found that leaf discs of these two species metabolized [1-(14)c]iaa quite differently. the rate of decarboxylation in sugar beet discs was much higher than in tobacco. the lat ... | 1983 | 16663265 |
| properties of thylakoid membranes of the mangroves, avicennia germinans and avicennia marina, and the sugar beet, beta vulgaris, grown under different salinity conditions. | properties of thylakoids isolated from leaves of three salt tolerant species, avicennia germinans l., avicennia marina var resinifera, and beta vulgaris l., were not affected by the salinity in which the plants were grown. with increase in the growth salinity from 50 to 500 millimolar nacl, there were no major effects on the per chlorophyll concentrations of lipids or proteins, or on the rates of uncoupled electron transport per chlorophyll mediated by either the whole chain or the partial react ... | 1984 | 16663875 |
| mechanism of action of pseudomonas syringae phytotoxin, syringomycin : stimulation of red beet plasma membrane atpase activity. | syringomycin, a peptide toxin produced by the phytopathogen pseudomonas syringae pv syringae preferentially stimulated (2-fold) the vanadate-sensitive atpase activity associated with the plasma membrane of red beet storage tissue. the toxin had a very slight effect on the tonoplast atpase and had no detectable effect on the mitochondrial atpase. optimal stimulation was achieved with 10 to 50 micrograms of syringomycin per 25 micrograms of membrane protein. treatment of membranes with 0.1% (weigh ... | 1987 | 16665211 |
| contributions of sucrose synthase and invertase to the metabolism of sucrose in developing leaves : estimation by alternate substrate utilization. | the relative contributions of invertase and sucrose synthase to initial cleavage of phloem-imported sucrose was calculated for sink leaves of soybean (glycine max l. merr cv wye) and sugar beet (beta vulgaris l. monohybrid). invertase from yeast hydrolyzed sucrose 4200 times faster than 1'-deoxy-1'-fluorosucrose (fs) while sucrose cleavage by sucrose synthase from developing soybean leaves proceeded only 3.6 times faster than cleavage of fs. [(14)c]sucrose and [(14)c]fs, used as tracers of sucro ... | 1987 | 16665711 |
| separation and immunological characterization of membrane fractions from barley roots. | tonoplast and plasma membranes (pm) were isolated from barley roots (hordeum vulgare l. cv california mariout 72) using sucrose step gradients. the isolation procedure yielded sufficient quantities of pm and tonoplast vesicles that were sealed and of the right orientation to measure atp-dependent proton transport in vitro. the proteins of the endoplasmic reticulum, tonoplast-plus-golgi membrane (tg) and pm fractions were separated on sodium dodecyl sulfate gels, and immunoblots were used to test ... | 1988 | 16665976 |
| enhanced h transport capacity and atp hydrolysis activity of the tonoplast h-atpase after nacl adaptation. | tonoplast enriched membrane vesicle fractions were isolated from unadapted and nacl (428 millimolar) adapted tobacco cells (nicotiana tabacum l. var wisconsin 38). polypeptides from the tonoplast enriched vesicle fractions were separated by sds-page and analyzed by western blots using polyclonal antibodies to the 70 kilodalton subunit of the red beet tonoplast h(+)-atpase. these antibodies cross-reacted exclusively to a tobacco polypeptide of an apparent molecular weight of 69 kilodaltons. the a ... | 1990 | 16667744 |
| selective inhibition of active uptake of sucrose into plasma membrane vesicles by polyclonal sera directed against a 42 kilodalton plasma membrane polypeptide. | several polyclonal sera were raised in rabbits and in mice against putative sucrose carrier proteins, i.e. a 42 kilodalton (o gallet, r lemoine, c larsson, s delrot [1989] biochim biophys acta 978: 56-64) and a 62 kd (kg ripp, pv viitanen, wd hitz, vr fransceschi [1988] plant physiol 88: 1435-1445) polypeptide of the plasma membrane. the effects of these sera on the active uptake of sucrose and of valine into purified plasma membrane vesicles from sugar beet (beta vulgaris l.) leaves and roots w ... | 1992 | 16668610 |
| partial purification and characterization of complex i, nadh:ubiquinone reductase, from the inner membrane of beetroot mitochondria. | a nadh dehydrogenase was isolated from an inner membrane-enriched fraction of beetroot mitochondria (beta vulgaris l.) by solubilization with sodium deoxycholate and purified using gel filtration and affinity chromatography. the nadh dehydrogenase preparation contained a minor atpase contamination. beetroot mitochondria were chosen as the isolation material for purifying the enzymes responsible for oxidizing matrix nadh due to the absence of the externally facing nadh dehydrogenase in the variet ... | 1992 | 16668682 |
| a repetitive proline-rich protein from the gymnosperm douglas fir is a hydroxyproline-rich glycoprotein. | intact cell elution of suspension cultures derived from douglas fir, pseudotsuga menziesii (mirbel) franco, yielded two extensin monomers, the first hydroxyproline-rich glycoproteins (hrgps) to be isolated from a gymnosperm. these hrgps resolved on superose-6 gel filtration. the smaller monomer was compositionally similar to angiosperm extensins like tomato p1. the larger monomer had a simple composition reminiscent of repetitive proline-rich proteins (rprps) from soybean cell walls and containe ... | 1992 | 16668765 |
| characterization of the major integral protein of vacuolar membrane. | the vacuolar membrane of radish (raphanus sativus) taproot contained a large quantity of a protein of 23 kilodaltons that accounted for more than 25% of the total membrane proteins. the protein, tentatively named vm 23, was purified and characterized. vm 23 tends to aggregate at high temperature even in the presence of 1% sodium dodecyl sulfate. the apparent molecular size of vm 23 was estimated to be about 400 kilodaltons by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of 0.1% triton x-10 ... | 1992 | 16668783 |
| a gymnosperm extensin contains the serine-tetrahydroxyproline motif. | the extensin family is a diverse group of hydroxyproline-rich glycoproteins located in the cell wall and characterized by repetitive peptide motifs glycosylated to various degrees. the origin of this diversity and its relationship to function led us earlier to compare extensins of the two major groups of angiosperms from which we concluded that the highly glycosylated ser-hyp(4) motif was characteristic of advanced herbaceous dicots, occurring rarely or not at all in a representative graminaceou ... | 1992 | 16668921 |
| syringomycin-stimulated phosphorylation of the plasma membrane h-atpase from red beet storage tissue. | the syringomycin-stimulated in vitro protein phosphorylation of the plasma membrane h(+)-atpase of red beet (beta vulgaris l.) storage tissue was investigated. peptides representing the h(+)-atpase n and c termini and nucleotide binding site (p-2, p-3, and p-1, respectively) were synthesized, and rabbit antisera against each were produced. in western immunoblots of purified plasma membranes, these antisera immunoreacted with the 100-kilodalton polypeptide of the h(+)-atpase and with other smalle ... | 1992 | 16669038 |
| guard cell protoplasts: isolation, culture, and regeneration of plants. | guard cell protoplasts have been used extensively in short-term experiments designed to elucidate the signal transduction mechanisms that regulate stomatal movements. the utility of uard cell protoplasts for other types of longer-term signal transduction experiments is just now being realized. because highly purified, primary isolates of guard cell protoplasts are synchronous initially, they are uniform in their responses to changes in culture conditions. such isolates have demonstrated potentia ... | 2006 | 16673920 |
| beet leafhopper (hemiptera: cicadellidae) transmits the columbia basin potato purple top phytoplasma to potatoes, beets, and weeds. | experiments were conducted to determine whether the beet leafhopper, circulifer tenellus (baker) (hemiptera: cicadellidae), transmits the purple top phytoplasma to potato, solanum tuberosum l.; beets, beta vulgaris l.; and selected weed hosts. the beet leafhopper-transmitted virescence agent (bltva) phytoplasma was identified as the causal agent of the potato purple top disease outbreaks that recently occurred in the columbia basin of washington and oregon. the phytoplasma previously was found t ... | 2006 | 16686123 |
| feruloyl esterases as a tool for the release of phenolic compounds from agro-industrial by-products. | agro-industrial by-products are a potential source of added-value phenolic acids with promising applications in the food and pharmaceutical industries. here two purified feruloyl esterases from aspergillus niger, faea and faeb were tested for their ability to release phenolic acids such as caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid and ferulic acid from coffee pulp, apple marc and wheat straw. their hydrolysis activity was evaluated and compared with their action on maize bran and sugar beet pulp. the specif ... | 2006 | 16697997 |
| characterization and biological activity of the main flavonoids from swiss chard (beta vulgaris subspecies cycla). | the molecular components of a phenolic fraction (p2), obtained from liquid chromatography of a swiss chard (beta vulgaris subsp. cycla) extract, were identified using hplc-esi-ms/ms. the primary p2 components were: vitexin-2''o-rhamnoside, its demethylated form 2''-xylosylvitexin, isorhamnetin 3-gentiobioside, and rutin. p2 "in toto" and the single components were characterized for antioxidant capacity, antimitotic activity on mcf-7 human breast cancer cells and for toxicity to human lymphocytes ... | 2007 | 16698256 |
| effects of concentrated separator by-product (desugared molasses) on intake, ruminal fermentation, digestion, and microbial efficiency in beef steers fed grass hay. | concentrated separator by-product (csb) is produced when beet molasses goes through an industrial desugaring process. to investigate the nutritional value of csb as a supplement for grass hay diets (12.5% cp; dm basis), 4 ruminally and duodenally cannulated beef steers (332 +/- 2.3 kg) were used in a 4 x 4 latin square with a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. factors were intake level: ad libitum (al) vs. restricted (re; 1.25% of bw, dm basis) and dietary csb addition (0 vs. 10%; dm bas ... | 2006 | 16699111 |
| lethal risk to birds from insecticide use in the united states--a spatial and temporal analysis. | we used pesticide use data and previously published models to estimate the lethal risk to birds from insecticides used in u.s. agriculture. data from the u.s. department of agriculture's national agricultural statistical service (nass, washington, d.c.) were used to assess how the lethal risk to birds has changed over the period 1991 to 2003 and to compare risk among crop types according to the most recently available surveys. because the nass data coverage is incomplete, both with respect to cr ... | 2006 | 16704051 |
| an experiment using neutron activation analysis and a rare earth element to mark cotton plants and two insects that feed on them. | studies on insect dispersal and other behaviors can benefit from using markers that will not alter flight and fitness. rare earth elements, such as samarium (sm), have been used as ingested markers of some insects and detected using neutron activation analysis (naa). in this study, samarium nitrate hexahydrate was mixed into artificial diet for boll weevils, anthonomus grandis grandis boheman (coleoptera: curculionidae), at different dosages and in water used to irrigate cotton, gossypium hirsut ... | 2006 | 16713273 |
| dietary indigestible components exert different regional effects on luminal mucin secretion through their bulk-forming property and fermentability. | the purpose of this study was to examine the effects of dietary indigestible components on mucin secretion in the respective parts of the gastrointestinal tract through their physico-chemical properties. rats were fed either a control diet or diets containing 5% polystyrene foam (psf), 5% fructooligosaccharide (fos), 5% psf + 5% fos, or 10% beet fiber for 10 d. mucins in the small intestine and feces were greater in the psf, psf + fos, and beet fiber groups than in the control and fos groups. in ... | 2006 | 16717421 |
| double-stranded rna binding may be a general plant rna viral strategy to suppress rna silencing. | in plants, rna silencing (rna interference) is an efficient antiviral system, and therefore successful virus infection requires suppression of silencing. although many viral silencing suppressors have been identified, the molecular basis of silencing suppression is poorly understood. it is proposed that various suppressors inhibit rna silencing by targeting different steps. however, as double-stranded rnas (dsrnas) play key roles in silencing, it was speculated that dsrna binding might be a gene ... | 2006 | 16731914 |
| the histidine utilization (hut) genes of pseudomonas fluorescens sbw25 are active on plant surfaces, but are not required for competitive colonization of sugar beet seedlings. | the ability to monitor the spatial and temporal distribution of signals in complex environments is necessary for an understanding of the function of bacteria in the wild. to this end, an existing recombinase-based transcriptional reporter strategy (recombinase-based in vivo expression technology, rivet) has been extended and applied to the plant-colonizing bacterium pseudomonas fluorescens sbw25. central to the project was a rhizosphere-inducible locus, rhi14, which functional analyses show is h ... | 2006 | 16735749 |
| [construction of infectious cdna clone of cucumber mosaic virus satellite rna xjs1 and preliminary study on its biological function]. | cucumber mosaic virus (cmv) sugar beet isolate caused yellow mosaic, leaf distortion, crinkle and stunt symptoms on sugar beet in nature. it exhibited some special biological properties with narrower host range and had no symptom on nicotiana glutinosa l. and nicotiana tobacum l. cv. nc-89. a new satellite rna, xjs1 was found to be associated with the helper virus. in order to know the cause of the special pathogenicity of the cmv isolate. full-length infectious cdna clone of cmv satellite rna x ... | 2006 | 16736580 |
| the estimation of sugars in the leaf of the mangold (beta vulgaris): methods for the estimation of fructose, glucose and sucrose. ii. the use of basic lead acetate, charcoal and yeast to avoid interference by substances other than sugars. iii. note on the application of copper reagents to unclarified extracts. iv. tests for the presence of raffinose, maltose, galactose and pentose. | | 1936 | 16746046 |
| determination of free amino compounds in betalainic fruits and vegetables by gas chromatography with flame ionization and mass spectrometric detection. | amino acids and amines are the precursors of betalains. therefore, the profiles of free amino compounds in juices obtained from cactus pears [opuntia ficus-indica (l.) mill. cv. bianca, cv. gialla, and cv. rossa], pitaya fruits [selenicereus megalanthus (k. schumann ex vaupel) moran, hylocereus polyrhizus (weber) britton & rose, and hylocereus undatus (haworth) britton & rose], and in extracts from differently colored swiss chard [beta vulgaris l. ssp. cicla (l.) alef. cv. bright lights] petiole ... | 2006 | 16756361 |
| combined effect of modified atmosphere packaging and addition of rosemary (rosmarinus officinalis), ascorbic acid, red beet root (beta vulgaris), and sodium lactate and their mixtures on the stability of fresh pork sausages. | the effects of rosemary, in combination with ascorbic acid, red beet root, and sodium lactate, as well as their mixtures, on the inhibition of both lipid and pigment oxidation of fresh pork sausages packaged in a modified atmosphere were studied. sausages (240) were packaged in a 80% o2 + 20% co2 gas mixture and analyzed for cie a, metmyoglobin, tbars, psychrotrophic aerobes, and sensory discoloration and off-odor throughout 20 days of storage at 2 +/- 1 degrees c. the mixture of rosemary + asco ... | 2006 | 16787014 |
| fibre in enteral formulae: effects of sugar-beet versus soy fibre on zinc and folic acid absorption in human subjects. | the present study was conducted to compare the effect of soypolysaccharide (fibrem) and sugar-beet (fibrex) on zinc and folic acid absorption when incorporated into enteral formulae. following an overnight fast, 15 adults were challenged with an oral dose of zinc (60 mg) and folic acid (600 mug) given with enteral formula without fibre, or with 15g of dietary fibre from fibrem or fibrex. serum concentrations of zinc and folic acid were measured at zero-time and at hourly intervals for up to 5h. ... | 1992 | 16839967 |
| agronomic aspects and environmental impact of reusing marginal water in irrigation: a case study from egypt. | egypt produces approximately 2.4 million m3 of secondary treated wastewater (tww) annually, used for irrigation directly or indirectly by blending with agricultural drainage water (bdw). the annual re-use of (bdw) is approximately 4 million m3. the safe and efficient use of marginal water (bdw and tww) is a core objective of this study which has been operating from 1997 to date. after six growing seasons the main results can be summarized as follows: maximizing crop production: tww can be used f ... | 2006 | 16841747 |
| cloning and functional characterisation of two regioselective flavonoid glucosyltransferases from beta vulgaris. | two full-length cdnas encoding flavonoid-specific glucosyltransferases, ugt73a4 and ugt71f1, were isolated from a cdna library of beta vulgaris (amaranthaceae) cell suspension cultures. they displayed high identity to position-specific betanidin and flavonoid glucosyltransferases from dorotheanthus bellidiformis (aizoaceae) and to enzymes with similar substrate specificities from various plant families. the open reading frame of the sequences encode proteins of 476 (ugt73a4) and 492 (ugt71f1) am ... | 2006 | 16876834 |
| the type iii effectors hsvg and hsvb of gall-forming pantoea agglomerans determine host specificity and function as transcriptional activators. | pantoea agglomerans pv. gypsophilae (pag) elicits galls on gypsophila and a hypersensitive response on beet, whereas p. agglomerans pv. betae (pab) induces galls on both beet and gypsophila. the pathogenicity of both pathovars is dependent on the presence of a plasmid harbouring type iii secretion system (ttss) components and effectors. the hsvg ttss effectors of pag (hsvg-pag) and pab (hsvg-pab) determine the host specificity of both pathovars on gypsophila. here we describe a novel hsvg homolo ... | 2006 | 16879413 |
| analysis of 16s rdna reveals bacterial shift during in vitro fermentation of fermentable carbohydrate using piglet faeces as inoculum. | in vitro fermentation of sugar beet pulp (sbp) was carried out to determine which bacterial species would be enriched by use of this carbohydrate source. faeces from four weaning piglets as a source of inoculum was also compared. the microbial diversity of the prominent bacteria before and after this in vitro fermentation was analysed using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (dgge) of pcr amplicons of 16s rdna. before fermentation, the dgge profiles showed differences between cultures inocu ... | 2003 | 16887707 |
| host range of cercospora apii and c. beticola and description of c. apiicola, a novel species from celery. | the genus cercospora is one of the largest and most heterogeneous genera of hyphomycetes. cercospora species are distributed worldwide and cause cercospora leaf spot on most of the major plant families. numerous species described from diverse hosts and locations are morphologically indistinguishable from c. apii and subsequently are referred to as c. apii sensu lato. the importance and ecological role that different hosts play in taxon delimitation and recognition within this complex remains unc ... | 2006 | 16894973 |
| modeling the environmental fate of cadmium in a large wastewater irrigation area. | the fate of cadmium in soils is governed by spatially heterogeneous processes that proceed from decades to centuries. this study aimed at modeling the fate of cd within the wastewater irrigation area (wia) of braunschweig (germany). the sandy soils (mainly dystric cambisol or typic haplumbrept) at this site (28 km2) have received considerable loads of heavy metals by irrigation of municipal wastewater for up to 40 yr. the soils of the wia are in agricultural use. the main crops are sugar beet (b ... | 2006 | 16899742 |
| compatible and incompatible xanthomonas infections differentially affect herbivore-induced volatile emission by pepper plants. | recent studies have alerted us to the potential for conflicts between pathogen- and herbivore-induced plant defenses. the lack of studies on the induced chemical changes that simultaneous insect and pathogen attacks have on the host plant has become apparent. in the present study, we found that pepper plant volatile profiles can be differentially induced by compatible and incompatible bacterial infection and beet armyworm (baw) damage when applied alone or in combination upon the same host. we a ... | 2006 | 16900430 |
| terpenes and carbohydrate source influence rumen fermentation, digestibility, intake, and preference in sheep. | we hypothesized that toxins and nutrients in foods interact to influence foraging behavior by herbivores. based on this hypothesis we predicted that 1) terpenes in big sagebrush (artemisia tridentata) influence intake and preference in sheep for diets varying in sources of nonstructural (barley grain) and structural (sugar beet pulp) carbohydrates, and 2) these effects are due to the differential effects of terpenes on fermentation products and apparent digestibility of each class of carbohydrat ... | 2006 | 16908651 |
| the effect of dietary carbohydrates and trichuris suis infection on pig large intestine tissue structure, epithelial cell proliferation and mucin characteristics. | two experiments (exps. 1 and 2) were performed to study the influence of trichuris suis infection and type of dietary carbohydrates on large intestine morphology, epithelial cell proliferation and mucin characteristics. two experimental diets based on barley flour were used; diet 1 was supplemented with resistant carbohydrates from oat hull meal, while diet 2 was supplemented with fermentable carbohydrates from sugar beet fibre and inulin. in experiment 1, 32 pigs were allocated randomly into fo ... | 2006 | 16920263 |
| release of ferulic acid and feruloylated oligosaccharides from sugar beet pulp by streptomyces tendae. | given several promising industrial applications of ferulic acid, this study was designed to identify actinomycete strains able to release high levels of this acid from sugar beet pulp (sbp). out of 47 strains tested, 37% were found to release free ferulic acid from the growth substrate. one strain, identified as streptomyces tendae by 16s rna gene sequencing, was capable of releasing 80% of the ferulic acid ester-linked to the pectin in sbp after 5 days of growth. these data suggest that some ac ... | 2007 | 16920354 |
| role of ptsp, orft, and sss recombinase genes in root colonization by pseudomonas fluorescens q8r1-96. | pseudomonas fluorescens q8r1-96 produces 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (2,4-dapg), a polyketide antibiotic that suppresses a wide variety of soilborne fungal pathogens, including gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici, which causes take-all disease of wheat. strain q8r1-96 is representative of the d-genotype of 2,4-dapg producers, which are exceptional because of their ability to aggressively colonize and maintain large populations on the roots of host plants, including wheat, pea, and sugar beet. in ... | 2006 | 16936061 |
| potassium excretion in healthy japanese women was increased by a dietary intervention utilizing home-parcel delivery of okinawan vegetables. | potassium, which is abundant in vegetables, is inversely related to blood pressure. although the situation has changed somewhat in recent years, the okinawan diet has generally included a large amount of vegetables, and until recently okinawans had the lowest rates of mortality due to stroke and coronary heart disease in japan. based on the hypothesis that these low mortality rates are partly attributable to increased potassium intake resulting from the high vegetable consumption, this study exa ... | 2006 | 16940700 |
| occurrence of two different types of rna-5-containing beet necrotic yellow vein virus in the uk. | two types of rna-5-containing beet necrotic yellow vein virus (bnyvv) have been detected in the uk at different sites in norfolk. on the basis of nucleotide (nt) sequence comparisons, one virus source (uk-mh) was clearly identified as p type bnyvv, a virus type that had previously only been detected in two widely separated parts of the world, france and kazakhstan. the other virus source (uk-ff) has a complex genome composition. the analysed portions of its rnas 2 and 4 are closely related to th ... | 2007 | 16941060 |
| analysis of the subgenomic rnas and the small open reading frames of beet black scorch virus. | a full-length cdna of the genome of beet black scorch virus (bbsv), isolate ningxia, was constructed and modified by site-directed mutagenesis to permit in vitro transcription of mutant viral rnas. two subgenomic (sg) rnas (sgrna1 and sgrna2) appeared during bbsv replication. mutagenesis revealed that sgrna1 transcription was initiated at g2209 within the p82 polymerase subunit open reading frame (orf) and that transcription of sgrna2 began at g2526 within the nested p7b/p5' orf. initiation-codo ... | 2006 | 16963767 |
| pairwise coupling analysis of helical junction hydrogen bonding interactions in luteoviral rna pseudoknots. | a 28-nucleotide mrna pseudoknot that overlaps the p1 and p2 genes of sugarcane yellow leaf virus (scylv) stimulates -1 ribosomal frameshifting. the in vitro frameshifting efficiency is decreased >or=8-fold upon substitution of the 3'-most loop 2 nucleotide (c27) with adenosine, which accepts a hydrogen bond from the 2'-oh group of c14 in stem s1. the solution structures of the wild-type (wt) and c27a scylv rna pseudoknots show that while the rnas adopt virtually identical overall structures, the ... | 2006 | 16964977 |
| influence of glyphosate on rhizoctonia and fusarium root rot in sugar beet. | this study tests the effect of glyphosate application on disease severity in glyphosate-resistant sugar beet, and examines whether the increase in disease is fungal or plant mediated. in greenhouse studies of glyphosate-resistant sugar beet, increased disease severity was observed following glyphosate application and inoculation with certain isolates of rhizoctonia solani kuhn and fusarium oxysporum schlecht. f. sp. betae snyd. & hans. significant increases in disease severity were noted for r. ... | 2006 | 16988927 |
| variation analysis of two cucumber mosaic viruses and their associated satellite rnas from sugar beet in china. | two cucumber mosaic virus (cmv) isolates xj1 and xj2 were obtained from sugar beet showing yellow mosaic symptom in shihezi, xinjiang uigur municipality of china. the coat protein gene of the two cmv isolates and their associated satellite rnas were amplified by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) and were cloned and sequenced. comparison of cp gene sequences showed that xj1 and xj2 have the highest sequence identity with that of cmv-danshen (97.8%) and cmv-sd (98.7%), respe ... | 2006 | 16991000 |
| the global structures of a wild-type and poorly functional plant luteoviral mrna pseudoknot are essentially identical. | the helical junction region of a -1 frameshift stimulating hairpin-type mrna pseudoknot from sugarcane yellow leaf virus (scylv) is characterized by a novel c27.(g7-c14) loop 2-stem 1 minor groove base triple, which is stacked on a c8+.(g12-c28) loop 1-stem 2 major groove base triple. substitution of c27 with adenosine reduces frameshifting efficiency to a level just twofold above the slip-site alone. here, we show that the global structure of the c27a scylv rna is nearly indistinguishable from ... | 2006 | 17000902 |
| simultaneous production of sphingolipids and ethanol by kluyveromyces thermotolerans. | kluyveromyces thermotolerans strain nbrc 1674 was selected for the simultaneous production of sphingolipids and ethanol from beet molasses. the strain gradually synthesized ethanol with fermentation periods and attained a level slightly higher than that of the strain of saccharomyces cerevisiae usually used for ethanol production. the sphingolipids accumulated in the cells were composed of almost equal amounts of free ceramides and glucosylceramides. the sphingoid bases and fatty acids of the tw ... | 2006 | 17004649 |
| influence of different fibre sources on digestibility and nitrogen and energy balances in growing pigs. | the present study was undertaken to investigate how three different fibre sources, sugar beet pulp, soya bean hulls and pectin residue, constituting 15% of diets for growing pigs, influenced daily body gain, feed conversion, apparent faecal digestibility and nitrogen and energy balances. eight castrated crossbreed pigs (30-80 kg live weight) were used in a replicated 4 x 4 latin-square design with one control diet and three fibre containing diets. daily body weight gain and feed conversion were ... | 2006 | 17036748 |
| [influence of the food products, enriched with pectin, on properties of potentially patogenic representatives of the microflora of the large intenstine]. | the treatment method of disbios suffered by patients with syndrome of irritated intestines with constipations was under research. the method was based on introduction of sour-milk beverage with addition of beet pectin in a dietary intake. the comparison product was kefir. the following developments were detected against the positive dynamics of clinical symptoms: improvement of microbiocenosis structure, reduction of potentially pathogenic germs, inhibition of pathogenic properties of enterotoxi ... | 2006 | 17089569 |
| exploration of members of aspergillus sections nigri, flavi, and terrei for feruloyl esterase production. | the ability of members of aspergillus sections nigri, flavi, and terrei to produce feruloyl esterases was studied according to their substrate specificity against synthetic methyl esters of hydroxycinnamic acids. type a feruloyl esterases (faea), induced during growth on cereal-derived products, show a preference for the phenolic moiety of substrates that contain methoxy substitutions, as found in methyl sinapinate, whereas type b feruloyl esterases (faeb) show a preference for the phenolic moie ... | 2006 | 17110981 |
| influence of diet on the larval beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua, glucose oxidase activity. | many researchers investigating plant-insect interactions maintain their insect colonies on artificial diet and assume that salivary enzymes and elicitors remain representative of natural situations. these salivary elicitors, such as the enzyme glucose oxidase (gox), play important roles in influencing plant defense responses. in fact, gox has been implicated in suppressing induced nicotine-production in tobacco plants (musser et al., 2002). in this study, we investigated the effect of artificial ... | 2005 | 17119630 |
| environmental and human health impacts of growing genetically modified herbicide-tolerant sugar beet: a life-cycle assessment. | there is ongoing debate concerning the possible environmental and human health impacts of growing genetically modified (gm) crops. here, we report the results of a life-cycle assessment (lca) comparing the environmental and human health impacts of conventional sugar beet growing regimes in the uk and germany with those that might be expected if gm herbicide-tolerant (to glyphosate) sugar beet is commercialized. the results presented for a number of environmental and human health impact categorie ... | 2004 | 17134388 |
| production of a full-length infectious gfp-tagged cdna clone of beet mild yellowing virus for the study of plant-polerovirus interactions. | the full-length cdna of beet mild yellowing virus (broom's barn isolate) was sequenced and cloned into the vector plitmus 29 (pbmyv-bbfl). the sequence of bmyv-bbfl (5721 bases) shared 96% and 98% nucleotide identity with the other complete sequences of bmyv (bmyv-2itb, france and bmyv-ipp, germany respectively). full-length capped rna transcripts of pbmyv-bbfl were synthesised and found to be biologically active in arabidopsis thaliana protoplasts following electroporation or peg inoculation wh ... | 2007 | 17143725 |
| fermentation quality and nutritive value of a total mixed ration silage containing coffee grounds at ten or twenty percent of dry matter. | six wethers were used in a replicated 3 x 3 latin square to study the fermentation quality and nutritive value of total mixed ration (tmr) silages that included wet coffee grounds (wcg). the tmr were prepared using a commercial compound feed, timothy hay, alfalfa hay, dried beet pulp, and a vitamin-mineral supplement in a ratio of 36.5:30:20:12:1.5, respectively, on a dm basis, with timothy hay and alfalfa hay being replaced by wcg at 0, 10, or 20%. all tmr silages, irrespective of wcg addition, ... | 2007 | 17145973 |
| physiological effects of extraction juices from apple, grape, and red beet pomaces in rats. | in comparison to classical fruit juice processing, polyphenols and dietary fiber can be extracted from pomace by means of pectinases and cellulases. in the present study, rats were fed with such produced extraction juices from apples, grapes, and red beets as drinking fluids instead of water for 4 weeks to evaluate their physiological effects. in all test groups, the intake of extraction juices was greater as compared to control (water intake), resulting in a higher urine excretion. in the apple ... | 2006 | 17177570 |
| novel acetylcholinesterase target site for malaria mosquito control. | current anticholinesterase pesticides were developed during world war ii and are toxic to mammals because they target a catalytic serine residue of acetylcholinesterases (aches) in insects and in mammals. a sequence analysis of aches from 73 species and a three-dimensional model of a malaria-carrying mosquito (anopheles gambiae) ache (agache) reported here show that c286 and r339 of agache are conserved at the opening of the active site of aches in 17 invertebrate and four insect species, respec ... | 2006 | 17183688 |
| doubled sugar content in sugarcane plants modified to produce a sucrose isomer. | sucrose is the feedstock for more than half of the world's fuel ethanol production and a major human food. it is harvested primarily from sugarcane and beet. despite attempts through conventional and molecular breeding, the stored sugar concentration in elite sugarcane cultivars has not been increased for several decades. recently, genes have been cloned for bacterial isomerase enzymes that convert sucrose into sugars which are not metabolized by plants, but which are digested by humans, with he ... | 2007 | 17207261 |
| genetic stability of recombinant potato virus x virus vectors presenting foreign epitopes. | we investigated the genetic stability of recombinant potato virus x vectors presenting beet necrotic yellow vein virus (bnyvv) epitopes. following n-terminal pvx coat protein (cp) fusion of the bnyvv epitopes, we inoculated nicotiana benthamiana plants with recombinant (r)pvx and carried out five serial passages through systemically-infected plants. rt-pcr investigation of the bnyvv epitope sequences revealed the accumulation of several point mutations and deletions, predominantly affecting posi ... | 2007 | 17216135 |
| citric acid production by a novel aspergillus niger isolate: i. mutagenesis and cost reduction studies. | ultraviolet-irradiation (uv), ethyl methane sulfonate (ems) and acridine orange (ao) were used to induce citric acid overproduction mutations in aspergillus niger umip 2564. among 15, eight of the mutant derivatives, were improved with respect to citric acid production from sucrose in batch cultures. maximum product yield (60.25%) was recorded by w5, a stable uv mutant, with approximately 3.2-fold increase when compared to the parental wild type strain. in terms of the kinetic parameters for bat ... | 2007 | 17223558 |
| liver-protecting effects of table beet (beta vulgaris var. rubra) during ischemia-reperfusion. | table beet (beta vulgaris var. rubra) contains important bioactive agents (betaine and polyphenols), which have a wide range of physiologic effects. because nutritive antioxidants may reduce the occurrence of complications and postoperative mortality, dietary intake of polyphenols and vitamins before surgery may greatly contribute to the survival of patients. our aim was to determine the liver-protecting properties of bioactive substances of table beet in a model of ischemia-reperfusion injury o ... | 2007 | 17234508 |
| the effect of low-density broiler breeder diets on performance and immune status of their offspring. | effects of low-density broiler breeder diets on offspring performance and mortality were studied using 2,100 female and 210 male cobb 500 breeders. breeder treatments involved 4 experimental groups and a control group with normal density diets (nd, 2,600 kcal of ame/kg during rearing and 2,800 kcal of ame/kg during laying). in treatment 2, nutrient densities were decreased by 12% (ld12) and 11% (ld11) during the rearing and laying periods, respectively, whereas in treatment 3, nutrient densities ... | 2007 | 17234841 |
| in vitro fermentability and physicochemical properties of fibre substrates and their effect on bacteriological and morphological characteristics of the gastrointestinal tract of newly weaned piglets. | fermentability of fibre has a great impact on the bacterial flora along the gastrointestinal tract of newly weaned piglets. therefore, this parameter was determined by incubating in vitro different fibre substrates (chicory roots, sugar beet pulp, wheat bran and corn cobs) with contents of jejunum or caecum sampled from slaughtered pigs. incubating with small intestinal contents, lactic acid was the only fermentation product. fermentability was highest for chicory roots, followed by wheat bran a ... | 2006 | 17236707 |
| geminivirus pathogenicity protein c4 interacts with arabidopsis thaliana shaggy-related protein kinase atsketa, a component of the brassinosteroid signalling pathway. | beet curly top virus (bctv) c4 interacted with two members of the shaggy-related protein kinase family (atsketa and atskzeta) and a putative leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinase (lrr-rlk) in a yeast two-hybrid assay. tomato golden mosaic virus (tgmv) ac4 also bound with similar efficiency to atsketa and atskzeta but was unable to interact with the lrr-rlk. bctv c4 interaction with atsketa was confirmed using an in vitro binding assay. the protein kinases were capable of autophosphorylation i ... | 2007 | 17280695 |
| improved expression of recombinant gfp using a replicating vector based on beet curly top virus in leaf-disks and infiltrated nicotiana benthamiana leaves. | recombinant green fluorescent protein (gfp) with a molecular mass of 29 kda was transiently expressed in agrobacterium-inoculated leaf-disks prepared from nicotiana benthamiana plants. expression of gfp from the cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) 35 s promoter within a replicating vector based on the geminivirus beet curly top virus (bctv) was more than 3 times higher than from a control, non-replicating vector. use of the cassava vein mosaic virus (csvmv) promoter in the bctv replicating vector in ... | 2007 | 17294255 |
| comparative analysis of sequences preceding protein-coding mitochondrial genes in flowering plants. | we examined the nucleotide sequences preceding 23 mitochondrial protein-coding genes held in common by maize, rice, wheat, sugar beet, tobacco, arabidopsis, and brassica to look for features related to translation initiation and to assess the degree of conservation in mitochondrial mrna leaders among these plants. we observed broad variation in sequence similarity as illustrated by dot plot analysis, ranging from a level rivaling that of coding sequences to complete absence of homology due to li ... | 2007 | 17301062 |
| citric acid production by a novel aspergillus niger isolate: ii. optimization of process parameters through statistical experimental designs. | in this work, sequential optimization strategy, based on statistical designs, was employed to enhance the production of citric acid in submerged culture. for screening of fermentation medium composition significantly influencing citric acid production, the two-level plackett-burman design was used. under our experimental conditions, beet molasses and corn steep liquor were found to be the major factors of the acid production. a near optimum medium formulation was obtained using this method with ... | 2007 | 17317159 |
| comparison of its sequences from uk and north american sugar-beet powdery mildews and the designation of erysiphe betae. | powdery mildew of sugar beet, a disease of major economic significance, was first described at the beginning of the 20th century, and since then there has been some confusion over the correct taxonomic identity of the causal agent. in europe, the fungus was initially classified as the novel species microsphaera betae, later re-named erysiphe betae, whilst in america it was identified as e. polygoni, despite sugar-beet isolates from both regions having a host range restricted to beta species. it ... | 2007 | 17324758 |
| an anchored linkage map for sugar beet based on aflp, snp and rapd markers and qtl mapping of a new source of resistance to beet necrotic yellow vein virus. | rhizomania, caused by beet necrotic yellow vein virus (bnyvv), is an important sugar-beet disease worldwide and can result in severe losses of root yield and sugar content. we have identified a major qtl for bnyvv resistance from a new source in a segregating population of 158 individuals. the qtl explained an estimated 78% of the observed phenotypic variation and the gene conferring the partial resistance is referred to as rz4. aflp was used in combination with bulked segregant analysis (bsa) t ... | 2007 | 17333102 |
| single-cell raman spectral profiles of pseudomonas fluorescens sbw25 reflects in vitro and in planta metabolic history. | single-cell raman microspectroscopy has the potential to report on the whole-cell chemical composition of bacteria, reflecting metabolic status as well as growth history. this potential has been demonstrated through the discriminant functional analysis of raman spectral profiles (rsp) obtained from the soil and plant-associated bacterium pseudomonas fluorescens sbw25, grown in vitro using defined media, and in planta using 3-month-old sugar beets (beta vulgaris var. roberta). sbw25 in vitro rsp ... | 2007 | 17334857 |
| expression of mitochondrial tatc in nicotiana tabacum is responsive to benzothiadiazole and salicylic acid. | a cdna, up-regulated upon treatment of tobacco cells with salicylic acid and benzo (1,2,3) thiadiazole-7-carbothioic acid s-methyl ester, was identified by differential rna display and the full sequence obtained. this mitochondrial gene, twin arginine translocation (tatc), resembles orthologues across different species, including the gene that codes for a sec-independent membrane translocating protein in bacteria. hypothetical tatc proteins have also been identified in the mitochondria of arabid ... | 2007 | 17350139 |
| sequence variation within beet necrotic yellow vein virus p25 protein influences its oligomerization and isolate pathogenicity on tetragonia expansa. | the p25 protein encoded by beet necrotic yellow vein virus (bnyvv) rna-3 is a pathogenicity determinant that has been implicated in symptom exacerbation on chenopodiaceae hosts. several p25 variants exist within natural isolates and p25 sequence variation may influence the degree of pathogenicity of such bnyvv isolates. expression of p25 from natural a- and p-type isolates in the background of b-type bnyvv cdna clones gave symptom discrepancies when compared to b-type p25 expression. such pathog ... | 2007 | 17350709 |
| effect of partial replacement of forage neutral detergent fiber with by-product neutral detergent fiber in close-up diets on periparturient performance of dairy cows. | the objective of this study was to determine the effect of partial replacement of forage neutral detergent fiber (ndf) with by-product ndf in close-up diets of dairy cattle on periparturient metabolism and performance. holstein cows (n = 45) and heifers (n = 19) were fed corn silage-based diets containing 1) 30% oat hay, or 2) 15% oat hay and 15% beet pulp from d -21 relative to expected parturition until parturition. after parturition, all animals received the same lactation diet. animals were ... | 2007 | 17369220 |
| the effect of low-density diets on broiler breeder development and nutrient digestibility during the rearing period. | low-density diets might help to reduce hunger feeling in restricted-fed broiler breeders. effects of low-density diets on nutrient digestibility and bird development were studied in cobb 500 broiler breeder hens from 4 wk of age until the onset of the lay (wk 26). the experiment included 4 treatments. the control treatment was a normal density diet (nd; 2,600 kcal/kg). treatments 2 and 3 had a 12 and 23% lower nutrient density than nd (ld12 and ld23, respectively) through inclusion of palm kerne ... | 2007 | 17369544 |