| three new and other limonoids from the hexane extract of melia azedarach fruits and their cytotoxic activities. | a defatted fraction obtained from the hexane extract of the fruits of melia azedarach l. (chinaberry tree; meliaceae) exhibited cytotoxic activities against leukemia (hl60), lung (a549), stomach (az521), and breast (sk-br-3) cancer cell lines with ic50 values in the range of 2.9-21.9 μg/ml. three new limonoids, 3-deacetyl-4'-demethylsalannin (5), 3-deacetyl-28-oxosalannin (14), and 1-detigloylohchinolal (17), along with 16 known limonoids, 1-4, 6-13, 15, 16, 18, and 19, and one known triterpenoi ... | 2014 | 25044585 |
| multi-constituent synergism is responsible for anti-inflammatory effect of azadirachta indica leaf extract. | azadirachta indica a. juss. (meliaceaes) leaves have been used traditionally to treat swelling and rheumatism in indian cultures. | 2014 | 25026347 |
| beneficial effect of azadirachta indica on advanced glycation end-product in streptozotocin-diabetic rat. | both oxidation and hyperglycemia cause increased glycation and the formation of advanced glycation end-products (ages) which underlie the complications of diabetes. | 2014 | 25026338 |
| neem components as potential agents for cancer prevention and treatment. | azadirachta indica, also known as neem, is commonly found in many semi-tropical and tropical countries including india, pakistan, and bangladesh. the components extracted from neem plant have been used in traditional medicine for the cure of multiple diseases including cancer for centuries. the extracts of seeds, leaves, flowers, and fruits of neem have consistently shown chemopreventive and antitumor effects in different types of cancer. azadirachtin and nimbolide are among the few bioactive co ... | 2014 | 25016141 |
| solubility and bioavailability enhancement of poorly aqueous soluble atorvastatin: in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo studies. | the objective of this investigation was to improve the solubility of the poorly water soluble drug atorvastatin (atr), using solid dispersion (sd) techniques, with neem gum (ng) as a hydrophilic carrier. the effects of the polymer concentration and method of preparation on the solubility and dissolution rate were studied. the results showed that the solubility of atr increases with increasing ng concentration. however, dissolution rate of atr from its sd was dependent on the method used to prepa ... | 2014 | 24995297 |
| azadirachta indica attenuates cisplatin-induced neurotoxicity in rats. | the objective of this study is to investigate the neuroprotective effects of azadirachta indica leaves against cisplatin (cp)-induced neurotoxicity. | 2017 | 24987180 |
| "herbal remedy is natural and safe"--truth or myth? | neem oil is often used externally as a traditional medicine in india. its ingestion, even in small doses produces toxic effects like severe metabolic acidosis, seizures, renal failure and encephalopathy. management is supportive and prognosis is generally good but fatalities may occur. herein we report an unusual case of neem oil toxicity in a previously normal adult. | 2013 | 24974507 |
| studies on the acaricidal mechanism of the active components from neem (azadirachta indica) oil against sarcoptes scabiei var. cuniculi. | octadecanoic acid-3,4-tetrahydrofuran diester, isolated from neem (azadirachta indica) oil, exhibited potent acaricidal activity against sarcoptes scabiei var. cuniculi. in this paper, the acaricidal mechanism of octadecanoic acid-3,4-tetrahydrofuran diester against sarcoptes scabiei var. cuniculi was evaluated based on pathologic histology and enzyme activities. the results showed that after compound treatment for 24h at a concentration of 20mg/ml, the lesions of mites were prominent under tran ... | 2014 | 24974121 |
| neemdb: convenient database for neem secondary metabolites. | indian neem tree is known for its pesticidal and medicinal properties for centuries. structure elucidation of large number of secondary metabolites responsible for its diverse properties has been achieved. however, this data is spread over various books, scientific reports and publications and difficult to access. we have compiled and stored structural details of neem metabolites in neemdb, a database which can be easily accessed, queried and downloaded. neemdb would be central in dissipating st ... | 2014 | 24966540 |
| vinegar as a disinfectant of extracted human teeth for dental educational use. | extracted human teeth are routinely used in dentistry to learn technical and preclinical skills. centers for disease control and prevention (cdc) has adopted guidelines for infection control of extracted teeth used for research and teaching, requiring that teeth be sterilized before use. many of the proposed disinfection methods starting from use of formalin, sodium hypochlorite and to autoclaving have their own drawbacks and may not be practical. | 2014 | 24959031 |
| archives of total mercury reconstructed with ice and snow from greenland and the canadian high arctic. | this study reports total hg concentration and atmospheric flux data from ice cores and snow/ice shallow pits from two canadian arctic and one greenland glaciers, with the aim of reconstructing a high resolution record of thg deposition extending back into the pre-industrial period. an 88-m ice core (653 samples) from the neem glacier site in northwest greenland was retrieved in august 2010. the bottom sample was dated to 1748, resulting in a 262 year archive. snow and ice samples (143 samples) w ... | 2015 | 24913889 |
| traditional uses of medicinal plants against malarial disease by the tribal communities of lesser himalayas-pakistan. | malaria is among the most prevalent infectious diseases in the developing countries of world. estimated number of annual malaria episodes in pakistan is 1.5 million, but very little is known about medicinal plant species of pakistan, which have great potential against malarial disease. present study was aimed to document medicinal plant species used by the local inhabitants of lesser himalayas-pakistan to treat malaria. | 2014 | 24892831 |
| anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities of azadirachtin in mice. | azadirachta indica (meliaceae) extracts have been reported to exhibit anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive properties. however, the activities of azadirachtin, a limonoid and the major bioactive compound found in the extracts, have been poorly investigated in animal models. in the present study, we investigated the effects induced by azadirachtin in experimental models of pain and inflammation in mice. carrageenan-induced paw edema and fibrovascular tissue growth induced by subcutaneous cotton ... | 2014 | 24871207 |
| nimbolide b and nimbic acid b, phytotoxic substances in neem leaves with allelopathic activity. | neem (azadirachta indica) has been widely used as a traditional medicine and several bioactive compounds have been isolated from this species, but to date no potent allelopathic active substance has been reported. therefore, we investigated possible allelopathic property and phytotoxic substances with allelopathic activity in neem. an aqueous methanol extract of neem leaves inhibited the growth of roots and shoots of cress, lettuce, alfalfa, timothy, crabgrass, ryegrass, barnyard grass and jungl ... | 2014 | 24865604 |
| effect of oxidative phytochemicals on nicotine-stressed umnsah/df-1 cell line. | nicotine is a parasympathomimetic alkaloid found in the nightshade family of plants (solanaceae) and is a cholinergic drug. it acts directly by stimulating the nicotinic or muscarinic receptors or indirectly by inhibiting cholinesterase, promoting acetylcholine release, or by other mechanisms. 3% of tobacco or one cigarette yields 1 mg of nicotine. as nicotine enters the body, it disturbs the healthy functioning of the body. in this study, we isolated umnsah/df-1 cell line from gallus gallus. fo ... | 2014 | 24860736 |
| a plant-derived wound therapeutic for cost-effective treatment of post-surgical scalp wounds with exposed bone. | to evaluate efficacy and cost-effectiveness of a plant-derived wound dressing (one), a mixture of hypericum oil (hypericum perforatum l.) and neem oil (azadirachta indica a. juss.), in scalp wounds with exposed bone. | 2014 | 24851844 |
| iron-chelating, free radical scavenging and anti-proliferative activities of azadirachta indica. | excessive production of reactive oxygen species leads to oxidative stress which occurs in various diseases, such as diabetes, cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and secondary iron overload in thalassemia. antioxidants are compounds that inhibit the oxidative processes and delay or suppress oxidative stress. phytochemicals in herbs are interesting sources of natural antioxidants with cancer preventive properties. the use of natural products is beneficial for the prevention and/or treatment of ox ... | 2014 | 24851563 |
| azadirachta indica mitigates dmba-induced hepatotoxicity: a biochemical and radiometric study. | the hepatoprotective potential of aqueous azadirachta indica leaf extract (aaile) was assessed against dmba-induced hepatotoxicity. dmba (7,12-dimethylbenz[a] anthracene) treatment (40 mg/kg body weight, ip) to male balb/c mice resulted in the derailment of liver function as revealed by extremely slow clearance of 99mtc-mebrofenin from liver, elevated levels of alkaline phosphatase (alp) and alanine transaminase (alt), compared to control group. in addition, elevated micronuclei score and high a ... | 2014 | 24791415 |
| material and tableting properties of azadirachta indica gum with reference to official acacia gum. | this study determined the material and tableting properties of azadirachta indica gum (nmg) relative to acacia gum (aca). the morphological properties were assessed with size and shape factors of aspect ratio, roundness, irregularity and equivalent-circle-diameter. the tableting properties of the gums were determined using compressional characteristics, tensile strength (ts), brittle fracture index (bfi) and crushing-strength-friability/disintegration-time ratio (csfr/dt). the results suggest th ... | 2014 | 24779199 |
| comparative anti-microbial efficacy of azadirachta indica irrigant with standard endodontic irrigants: a preliminary study. | the anti-microbial efficacy of 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (shc) and 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate were compared with an experimental irrigant formulated from the neem tree, azadirachta indica a. juss. | 2014 | 24778508 |
| protective effect of azadirachta indica a. juss against doxorubicin-induced cardiac toxicity in tumour bearing mice. | doxorubicin (dox) treatment (12 microg/g body weight, once a week for 2 weeks) resulted in a significant decrease in the heart rate along with an increase in qrs, st, and qt intervals. histopathological studies showed cardiomyocyte degeneration, cytoplasmic vacuolation and macrophage infiltration in cardiac tissue. a marked increase in the rate of apoptosis was also observed. an increased oxidative stress was evidenced by significantly higher levels of lipid peroxidation (lpo) and depletion of r ... | 2014 | 24772935 |
| chemopreventive and therapeutic effects of nimbolide in cancer: the underlying mechanisms. | cancer chemoprevention is a strategy taken to block, reverse or retard the multistep process of carcinogenesis, including the blockage of its vital morphogenetic milestones viz. normal-preneoplasia-neoplasia-metastasis. naturally occurring phytochemicals are becoming increasingly popular over synthetic drugs for several reasons, including safety, efficacy and easy availability. nimbolide, a triterpene derived from the leaves and flowers of neem, is widely used in traditional medical practices fo ... | 2014 | 24759803 |
| a rare case of toxic optic neuropathy secondary to consumption of neem oil. | a 35-year-old female was referred to our hospital with bilateral loss of vision of two days duration. she gave history of consumption of about 150 ml of neem oil five days back.examination revealed no perception of light in both eyes. both pupils were dilated and sluggishly reacting to light. her fundus examination showed bilateral hyperemic, edematous discs and also edema extending along the superior and inferior temporal vascular arcade. magnetic resonance imaging (mri) scan showed bilateral p ... | 2014 | 24722271 |
| hepatoprotective activity of the neem-based constituent azadirachtin-a in carbon tetrachloride intoxicated wistar rats. | the aim of this study was to investigate the hepatoprotective role of azadirachtin-a in carbon tetrachloride (ccl4) induced hepatotoxicity in rats. the group allotment for the animals used in the hepatoprotective study included a vehicle treatment group, ccl4 (1 ml · (kg body mass)(-1)) treatment group, silymarin (100 μg · (kg body mass)(-1) · day(-1)) + ccl4 treatment group, and groups treated with different doses of azadirachtin-a (100 or 200 μg · (kg body mass)(-1) · day(-1)) + ccl4. on the 9 ... | 2014 | 24708208 |
| limonoids from azadirachta indica var. siamensis extracts and their cytotoxic and melanogenesis-inhibitory activities. | six new limonoids, 7-benzoyl-17-epinimbocinol (5), 3-acetyl-7-tigloylnimbidinin (8), 1-isovaleroyl-1-detigloylsalanninolide (15), 2,3-dihydro-3α-methoxynimbolide (16), deacetyl-20,21-epoxy-20,22-dihydro-21-deoxyisonimbinolide (26), and deacetyl-20,21,22,23-tetrahydro-20,22-dihydroxy-21,23-dimethoxynimbin (27), along with 28 known limonoids, 1-4, 6, 7, 9-14, 17-25, and 28-34, and two known flavonoids, 35 and 36, have been isolated from the extracts of bark, leaves, roots, and seeds of azadirachta ... | 2014 | 24706622 |
| azadirachta indica modulates electrical properties and type of cell death in ndea-induced hepatic tumors. | tissue electrical conductivity is an important indicator of tissue structure and composition. present study demonstrates modulatory effect of azadirachta indica on the electrical conductivity and cell death in hepatic tumors. hepatic tumors were generated by intraperitoneal injection of n-nitrosodiethylamine (cumulative dose: 200 μg/g body mass) to male balb/c mice. aqueous a. indica leaf extract (aaile) was administered orally at a dosage of 100 μg/g body mass till the termination of experiment ... | 2014 | 24696076 |
| dendrophthoe falcata (l.f) ettingsh (neem mistletoe): a potent bioresource to fabricate silver nanoparticles for anticancer effect against human breast cancer cells (mcf-7). | fabrication of metal nano scale particles through environmentally acceptable greener route has been focused with much interest in the present scenario. in this study aqueous leaf extract of mistletoe dendrophthoe falcata (l.f) ettingsh was successfully employed as a reducing and stabilizing agent to fabricate nanosilver particles (agnps) for biomedical applications. various reactions conditions such as temperature, ph, concentration of metal ion, incubation time and stoichiometric proportion of ... | 2014 | 24681313 |
| side effects of neem oil on the midgut endocrine cells of the green lacewing ceraeochrysa claveri (navás) (neuroptera: chrysopidae). | we described the ultrastructure of ceraeochrysa claveri (navás) midgut endocrine cells in larva, pupa, and adult, and evaluated the side effects of ingested neem oil, a botanical insecticide obtained from the seeds of the neem tree (azadirachta indica), on these cells. during the larval period, c. claveri were fed (ad libitum) diatraea saccharalis (f.) eggs treated with neem oil at concentrations of 0.5%, 1%, or 2%. transmission electron microscopy showed that two subtypes of endocrine cells, na ... | 2014 | 27193522 |
| preclinical evaluation of the supercritical extract of azadirachta indica (neem) leaves in vitro and in vivo on inhibition of prostate cancer tumor growth. | azadirachta indica, commonly known as neem, has gained worldwide prominence because of its medical properties, namely antitumor, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antihyperglycemic, antifungal, and antibacterial activities. despite these promising results, gaps remain in our understanding of the molecular mechanism of action of neem compounds and their potential for use in clinical trials. we investigated supercritical extract of neem leaves (senl) for the following: molecular targets in vitro, in v ... | 2014 | 24674886 |
| ethanolic neem (azadirachta indica) leaf extract prevents growth of mcf-7 and hela cells and potentiates the therapeutic index of cisplatin. | the present study was designed to gain insight into the antiproliferative activity of ethanolic neem leaves extract (enle) alone or in combination with cisplatin by cell viability assay on human breast (mcf-7) and cervical (hela) cancer cells. nuclear morphological examination and cell cycle analysis were performed to determine the mode of cell death. further, to identify its molecular targets, the expression of genes involved in apoptosis, cell cycle progression, and drug metabolism was analyze ... | 2014 | 24624140 |
| targeting stat3 phosphorylation by neem leaf glycoprotein prevents immune evasion exerted by supraglottic laryngeal tumor induced m2 macrophages. | tumor-associated macrophages (tams) are preferentially m2 skewed and promote tumor growth, angiogenesis, invasion, and/or metastasis. in this study, we have analyzed the in vitro immunomodulatory potential of a non-toxic neem leaf glycoprotein (nlgp) in reprogramming stage iii supraglottic laryngeal tumor cell lysate (sltcl) induced m2 tams to their classical anti-tumor shape (m1). data generated from this study support that nlgp is effective in preventing the sltcl induced generation (cd68(+)cd ... | 2014 | 24607970 |
| effects of neem oil (azadirachta indica a. juss) on the replacement of the midgut epithelium in the lacewing ceraeochrysa claveri during larval-pupal metamorphosis. | larvae of the lacewing ceraeochrysa claveri were fed on eggs of diatraeasaccharalis treated with neem oil at concentrations of 0.5%, 1% and 2% throughout the larval period. pupae obtained from treated larvae were used in the study at five days after the completion of cocoon spinning to investigate the effects of neem oil on the replacement of the midgut epithelium during the larval-pupal transition. we observed that the old larval epithelium was shed into the midgut lumen and transformed into th ... | 2014 | 24560939 |
| neem oil poisoning as a cause of toxic encephalopathy in an infant. | | 2014 | 24522945 |
| inhibitory effect of azadirachta indica a. juss leaf extract on the activities of alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase. | in recent decades, there has been a drastic increase in the incidence and prevalence of diabetic mellitus. the aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro inhibitory effect of azadirachita indica leaf extract on the activity of alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase as a means of alleviating hyperglycemia and managing diabetes mellitus. aqueous extract of azadirachita indica exhibited most potent alpha-amylase inhibitory activity with ic50 value of 9.15 mg ml(-1) and acetone extract exhibited mo ... | 2013 | 24511747 |
| evaluation of acute toxicity of water extract of azadirachta indica leaves and seeds in rats. | this study 'in vivo' was applied on rats "rattus norvegicus" to determine the acute toxicity of water extracts of azadirachta indica leaves and seeds during 48 hours and the 50% lethal dose (ld50) values were calculated. different doses of a. indica water extracts of leaves and seeds were injected to the rats (rattus norvegicus) and the percentage of death was recorded during 48 hours. the present study, found that the percentage of death in all treated rats with a. indica leaves and seeds water ... | 2013 | 24505996 |
| neem gum as a binder in a formulated paracetamol tablet with reference to acacia gum bp. | this study determined the physical, compressional, and binding properties of neem gum (nmg) obtained from the trunk of azadirachta indica (a juss) in a paracetamol tablet formulation in comparison with official acacia gum bp (aca). the physical and flow properties were evaluated using density parameters: porosity, carr's index, hausner's ratio, and flow rate. compressional properties were analyzed using heckel and kawakita equations. the tensile strength, brittle fracture index, and crushing str ... | 2014 | 24500339 |
| bioactive limonoids from the leaves of azaridachta indica (neem). | eight new limonoids (1-8) and one new phenol glycoside (9), along with six known compounds, were isolated from the leaves of azaridachta indica. the structures of 1-9 were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data analysis. compounds isolated were assayed for their cytotoxicity against different cancer cell lines. moreover, their ability to interact with the molecular chaperone hsp90, affecting its biological activity, was tested. | 2014 | 24499352 |
| screening and design of anti-diabetic compounds sourced from the leaves of neem (azadirachta indica). | diabetes mellitus is affecting people of all age groups worldwide. many synthetic medicines available for type 2 diabetes mellitus in the market. however, there is a strong requirement for the development of better anti-diabetes compounds sourced especially from natural sources like medicinal plants. the extracts from the leaves of neem (azadirachta indica) is traditionally known to have anti-diabetes properties. therefore, there is an increased interest to identify potential compounds identifie ... | 2013 | 24497731 |
| comparative transcripts profiling of fruit mesocarp and endocarp relevant to secondary metabolism by suppression subtractive hybridization in azadirachta indica (neem). | azadirachta indica (neem) is a medicinally important plant that is valued for its bioactive secondary metabolites. higher levels of the bioactive phytochemicals are accumulated in fruits than in other tissues. in the present study, a total of 387 and 512 ests, respectively, from endocarp and mesocarp of neem fruits were isolated and analyzed. out of them 318 ests (82.17%) clones from endocarp and 418 ests (81.64%) from mesocarp encoded putative proteins that could be classified into three major ... | 2014 | 24477588 |
| weight gain and control of endo- and ectoparasites of beef heifers treated with allopathic, herbal and homeopathic drugs. | the aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of herbal, homeopathic and allopathic treatments for parasites in beef heifers during two experimental cycles of 318 and 313 days. | 2014 | 24473874 |
| effect of natural gel product on bovine dentin erosion in vitro. | to evaluate the efficacy of neem (azadirachta indica) experimental gel for the prevention of erosive wear on bovine dentin, in vitro. | 2015 | 24473728 |
| inactivation of dust mites, dust mite allergen, and mold from carpet. | carpet is known to be a reservoir for biological contaminants, such as dust mites, dust mite allergen, and mold, if it is not kept clean. the accumulation of these contaminants in carpet might trigger allergies or asthma symptoms in both children and adults. the purpose of this study is to compare methods for removal of dust mites, dust mite allergens, and mold from carpet. carpets were artificially worn to simulate 1 to 2 years of wear in a four-person household. the worn carpets were inoculate ... | 2014 | 24467247 |
| comparative evaluation of the indigenous microbial diversity vs. drilling fluid contaminants in the neem greenland ice core. | demonstrating that the detected microbial diversity in nonaseptically drilled deep ice cores is truly indigenous is challenging because of potential contamination with exogenous microbial cells. the neem greenland ice core project provided a first-time opportunity to determine the origin and extent of contamination throughout drilling. we performed multiple parallel cultivation and culture-independent analyses of five decontaminated ice core samples from different depths (100-2051 m), the drilli ... | 2014 | 24450335 |
| limonoids and flavonoids from the flowers of azadirachta indica var. siamensis, and their melanogenesis-inhibitory and cytotoxic activities. | a new limonoid, 7-o-acetyl-7-o-debenzoyl-22-hydroxy-21-methoxylimocinin (2), and two new flavonoids, 3'-(3-hydroxy-3-methylbutyl)naringenin (7) and 4'-o-methyllespedezaflavanone c (9), along with nine known compounds, including two limonoids, 1 and 3, and seven flavonoids, 4-6, 8, and 10-12, were isolated from a meoh extract of the flowers of azadirachta indica a.juss. var. siamensis valeton (siamese neem tree; meliaceae). the structures of new compounds were elucidated on the basis of extensive ... | 2014 | 24443427 |
| effect of pre-cooling, fruit coating and packaging on postharvest quality of apple. | freshly harvested apple fruits cv.'royal delicious' were subjected to surface coating with 1, 1.5, 2% neem oil (azadirachta indica) and 10, 15, 20% marigold flower (tagetes erectus) extracts with pre cooling on apple storage quality was tested. then the fruits were analyzed for physicochemical and physiological characters such as loss in weight, fruit firmness, total soluble solids (tss) content, titratable acidity (ta), ph, reducing sugar contents, pectin, total anthocyanin, polygalacturonase ( ... | 2013 | 24425923 |
| azadirachta indica attenuates colonic mucosal damage in experimental colitis induced by trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid. | azadirachta indica leaves indicated the presence of active principles with proven antioxidants, antiinflammatory, immunomodulatory, free radical scavenging and healing properties. in the present study we evaluated the healing effects of 50% ethanol extract of dried leaves of azadirachta indica on trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid-induced colitis in rats. azadirachta indica extract (500 mg/kg) was administered orally, once daily for 14 days and studied for its effects on diarrhoea, food and water int ... | 2013 | 24403663 |
| expression of pro-inflammatory interleukin-8 is reduced by ayurvedic decoctions. | eleven decoctions, obtained from indian plants widely used in ayurvedic medicine, have been investigated as a possible source of molecules exhibiting biological activity on the interaction between dna and nf-kb, a transcription factor involved in the expression of proinflammatory genes. cystic fibrosis (cf) cell line stimulated by tnf-α has been used as inflammatory cellular model to determinate interleukin-8 (il-8), one of the most relevant pro-inflammatory mediator in cf regulated by the nf-kb ... | 2014 | 24395450 |
| physiological and biochemical effect of neem and other meliaceae plants secondary metabolites against lepidopteran insects. | this review described the physiological and biochemical effects of various secondary metabolites from meliaceae against major lepidopteran insect pest including, noctuidae and pyralidae. the biochemical effect of major meliaceae secondary metabolites were discussed more in this review. several enzymes based on food materials have critical roles in nutritional indices (food utilization) of the insect pest population. several research work has been referred and the effect of meliaceae secondary me ... | 2013 | 24391591 |
| neem limonoids as anticancer agents: modulation of cancer hallmarks and oncogenic signaling. | neem (azadirachta indica a. juss) is one of the most versatile medicinal plants, widely distributed in the indian subcontinent. neem is a rich source of limonoids that are endowed with potent medicinal properties predominantly antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer activities. azadirachtin, gedunin, and nimbolide are more extensively investigated relative to other neem limonoids. accumulating evidence indicates that the anticancer effects of neem limonoids are mediated through the inhibi ... | 2014 | 27102702 |
| comparative studies on performance characteristics of ci engine fuelled with neem methyl ester and mahua methyl ester and its respective blends with diesel fuel. | in the present investigation, neem and mahua methyl ester were prepared by transesterification using potassium hydroxide as a catalyst and tested in 4-stroke single cylinder water cooled diesel engine. tests were carried out at constant speed of 1500 rev/min at different brake mean effective pressures. a series of tests were conducted which worked at different brake mean effective pressures, okpa, 1kpa, 2kpa, 3kpa, 4kpa, 5kpa, 6kpa and 6.5kpa. the performance and exhaust emission characteristics ... | 2014 | 26445759 |
| neem: unusually versatile plant genus azadirachta with many useful and so far insufficiently exploited properties for agriculture, medicine, and industry. | neem plants (rutales: meliaceae) are well known for their multitude of human benefits in various fields. specifically well investigated are the indian neem tree azadirachta indica a. juss., the thai neem a. siamensis val., the originally malaysian/philippinean neem a. excelsa (jack) and, as a close relative, the persian lilac, melia azedarach. the major and most active natural products are azadirachtin, salannin, nimbin and marrangin from azadirachta species, and azadirachtin analogues like meli ... | 2014 | 26084100 |
| the potential role of azadirachta indica treatment on cisplatin-induced hepatotoxicity and oxidative stress in female rats. | azadirachta indica a. juss. (neem, family: meliaceae) is perhaps the most commonly used traditional medicinal plant of india. in this study we investigated the protective effect of methanolic neem leaves extract (mnle; 500 mg/kg bwt) on rats treated with cisplatin (cddp)-induced hepatotoxicity. adult rats were randomly divided into four groups. cddp was given to rats by intraperitoneal injection, while mnle was given by oral gavage for 5 days after the cddp injection. the injury and oxidative st ... | 2013 | 24369490 |
| neem oil poisoning: case report of an adult with toxic encephalopathy. | neem oil has widespread use in indian subcontinent due to its many bioactive properties. azadirachtin, an active ingredient, is implicated in causing the effects seen in neem oil poisoning. neem oil poisoning is rare in adults. this report highlights the toxicity associated with neem oil poisoning in an elderly male. the patient presented with vomiting, seizures, metabolic acidosis, and toxic encephalopathy. the patient recovered completely with symptomatic treatment. | 2013 | 24339648 |
| an experience with paediatric burn wounds treated with a plant-derived wound therapeutic. | to observe the efficacy of a plant-derived wound dressing (1 primary wound dressing®), a mixture of hypericum and neem oil, in different types of paediatric burns. | 2013 | 24335892 |
| in vitro and in vivo effects of neem tree (azadirachta indica a. juss) products on larvae of the sheep nose bot fly (oestrus ovis l. díptera: oestridae). | two studies were carried out in order to test the effects of neem tree extracts (azadirachta indica a. juss) on sheep bot fly larvae (oestrus ovis l. diptera: oestridae). first, aqueous extracts from neem seeds (asne) at 0, 5 y 10% (w/v) concentrations were tested on larval mortality in vitro. in a second study, the effect of oral administration with neem seed meal (0, 100 y 200mg/kg) and neem leaves (1% of diet) on number of larvae found at necropsy and larval development was evaluated in exper ... | 2014 | 24332964 |
| screening of efficient arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi for azadirachta indica under nursery condition: a step towards afforestation of semi-arid region of western india. | to optimize nursery practices for efficient plant production procedures and to keep up to the ever growing demand of seedlings, identification of the most suitable species of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (amf), specific for a given tree species, is clearly a necessary task. sixty days old seedlings of neem (azadirachta indica a. juss) raised in root trainers were inoculated with six species of amf and a mixed inoculum (consortia) and kept in green house. performances of the treatments on this tr ... | 2013 | 24294258 |
| antifilarial effects of polyphenol rich ethanolic extract from the leaves of azadirachta indica through molecular and biochemical approaches describing reactive oxygen species (ros) mediated apoptosis of setaria cervi. | lymphatic filariasis, a global cause of morbidity needs much more attention in developing potent therapeutics that can be effective against both microfilariae (mf) and adults. efficient botanicals that can induce apoptosis of filarial parasites possibly can provide a direction towards developing new class of antifilarials. in this work we have evaluated the antifilarial efficacy of an optimized polyphenol rich ethanolic extract of azadirachta indica leaves (eea). a. indica a. juss has been widel ... | 2014 | 24275557 |
| endogenous recipes for controlling arthropod ectoparasites of domestic poultry. | this study is a contribution to the inventory of medicinal plants and other methods used in controlling external parasitic diseases of backyard poultry in the localities of djougou and ouaké (department of donga, benin). it consists of a survey undertaken from december 2010 to march 2011 through visits and interviews with 210 poultry famers. the results indicate that 13 species of medicinal plants are used in controlling ectoparasites. annona senegalensis, tectona grandis, securidaca longepedunc ... | 2013 | 24252957 |
| idiopathic intracranial hypertension secondary to ingestion of morinda coreia and azadirachta indica leaves extract in infant. | we report a case of idiopathic intracranial hypertension (iih) secondary to ingestion of morinda coreia (nonan) and azadirachta indica (neem) leaves extract in a nine months old child. this herbal extract is believed to accelerate weight gain in infants and is commonly used in south india. | 2013 | 24250212 |
| triterpenoids from the fruits of azadirachta indica (meliaceae). | four new triterpenoids, indicalilacols a-d (1-4), were isolated from the meoh extract of the fruits of azadirachta indica, including a new 19(10→9β)abeo-tirucallane derivative, two new tirucallane-type triterpenoids, and a new euphane-type triterpenoid, along with three known tirucallane-type triterpenoids. their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analyses. the absolute configuration of 2 was elucidated by the chemical conversion of 2 into 21-oxo-melianodiol 24,25-acetonide ... | 2014 | 24239747 |
| neurotoxicity of neem commercial formulation (azadirachta indica a. juss) in adult zebrafish (danio rerio). | the neurotoxic effects of a commercial formulation of azadirachta indica a. juss, also called neem or nim, in adult zebrafish were determined using behavioral models. general activity, anxiety-like effects, and learning and memory in a passive avoidance task were assessed after exposure to 20 or 40 μl/l neem. the results showed that 20 μl/l neem reduced the number of runs. both neem concentrations increased the number of climbs to the water surface, and 40 μl/l increased the number of tremors. i ... | 2013 | 24211596 |
| azadirachta indica treatment on the congenital malformations of fetuses from rats. | azadirachta indica a. juss, popularly known as neem, presents medicinal and insecticide properties. however, the repercussions of the neem maternal treatment on fetal development should be investigated. thus, the aim of this study was to evaluated the effects of azadirachta indica (neem) on the frequency of congenital malformations in fetuses from rats. | 2013 | 24184262 |
| direct inhibition of retinoblastoma phosphorylation by nimbolide causes cell-cycle arrest and suppresses glioblastoma growth. | classical pharmacology allows the use and development of conventional phytomedicine faster and more economically than conventional drugs. this approach should be tested for their efficacy in terms of complementarity and disease control. the purpose of this study was to determine the molecular mechanisms by which nimbolide, a triterpenoid found in the well-known medicinal plant azadirachta indica, controls glioblastoma growth. | 2014 | 24170547 |
| neem leaf extract inhibits mammary carcinogenesis by altering cell proliferation, apoptosis, and angiogenesis. | plant-based medicines are useful in the treatment of cancer. many breast cancer patients use complementary and alternative medicine in parallel with conventional treatments. neem is historically well known in asia and africa as a versatile medicinal plant with a wide spectrum of biological activities. the experiments reported herein determined whether the administration of an ethanolic fraction of neem leaf (efnl) inhibits progression of chemical carcinogen-induced mammary tumorigenesis in rat m ... | 2014 | 24146019 |
| haemolytic anaemia after ingestion of neem (azadirachta indica) tea. | the authors report a clinically relevant and possible cause of haemolytic anaemia from ingestion of a mexican tea from the neem tree, also known as azadirachta indica, in a 35-year-old hispanic man who was found to have glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency. | 2013 | 24136910 |
| development of a sensitive hptlc method for quantification of nimbolide in azadirachta indica and its dosage form. | an improved and sensitive high performance thin-layer chromatography (hptlc) method has been developed for determination of anticancer compound, nimbolide in different parts of azadirachta indica and its dosage form. a quick and simple ultrasonication technique was used for the preparation of sample solutions. separation of the components was achieved on precoated tlc plates by using optimized tertiary mobile phase consisting of n-hexane:ethyl acetate:acetic acid (6:4:0.2, v/v/v) with a solvent ... | 2014 | 24108814 |
| horizontal transfer of diatomaceous earth and botanical insecticides in the common bed bug, cimex lectularius l.; hemiptera: cimicidae. | horizontal transfer of insecticide occurs when insects contact or ingest an insecticide, return to an aggregation or a nest, and transfer the insecticide to other conspecific insects through contact. this phenomenon has been reported in a number of insects including social insects, however it has not been reported in bed bugs. since horizontal transfer can facilitate the spread of insecticide into hard to reach spaces, it could contribute greatly to the management of these public health pests. | 2013 | 24086593 |
| effect of lower doses of vanadate in combination with azadirachta indica leaf extract on hepatic and renal antioxidant enzymes in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. | the present study was undertaken to investigate short-term (21 days) effects of oral administration of azadirachta indica leaf extract and vanadate, separately and in combination, on the activities of antioxidant enzymes in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. vanadate is a remarkable antidiabetic agent and shows insulin mimetic effect. however, severe toxicity is associated with vanadate when used in high concentration while at lower concentration the hypoglycemic property of vanadate is reduc ... | 2013 | 24081779 |
| review on pharmacological and toxicologyical effects of oleum azadirachti oil. | oleum azadirachti consists of the oil obtained from dried seeds of azadirachta indica a. juss. (family: meliaceae). local names of azadirachta indica a. juss. are abodua, aforo-oyinbo, anwe egyane, arista, azad dirakht, azadarakht, azedarach and bead tree. indigenous to india, and widely distributed in south and south-east asia and cultivated in africa, the south pacific islands, south and central america and australia, and in southern florida and california, united states of america, it is a st ... | 2013 | 24075352 |
| assessment of precipitate formation on interaction of irrigants used in different combinations: an in vitro study. | irrigants play an essential role in the successful debridement and disinfection of pulp space. various combination of irrigants used during root canal treatment enhance their efficacy, but some form precipitates which affects the diffusion of intracanal medicaments and the seal of the obturated root canal. | 2013 | 24047837 |
| neem derivatives are not effective as toxic bait for tephritid fruit flies. | neem derivatives have been widely touted as replacements for pesticides. a feasible replacement of synthetic insecticides in the management of fruit flies could be to use neem products in baits. this study evaluated the bioactivity of neem (azadirachta indica a. juss) derivatives in bait for adults of anastrepha fraterculus (wiedemann) and ceratitis capitata (wiedemann). the estimated lcs50 values for a. fraterculus and c. capitata were 7,522 ppm (18.40 ppm of azadirachtin) and 1,368 ppm (3.35 p ... | 2013 | 24020292 |
| increase in growth, productivity and nutritional status of wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv. wh-711) and enrichment in soil fertility applied with organic matrix entrapped urea. | field experiments were conducted during two consequent years in semi-arid, subtropical climate of rohtak district situated in north-west indian state haryana to evaluate the effects of eco-friendly organic matrix entrapped urea (omeu) on wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv. wh-711). the omeu prepared in granular form contained cow dung, rice bran (grain cover of oryza sativa), neem (azadirachta indica) leaves and clay soil (diameter of particles < 0.002 mm) in 1:1:1:1 ratios and saresh (plant gum of ... | 2013 | 24006800 |
| inhibitory effects of neem seed oil and its extract on various direct acting and activation-dependant mutagens-induced bacterial mutagenesis. | azadirachta indica a. juss (meliaceae), commonly called neem is a plant native to the indian sub-continent. neem oil extracted from the seeds of neem tree has shown promising medicinal properties. | 2013 | 23998188 |
| action of neem oil (azadirachta indica a. juss) on cocoon spinning in ceraeochrysa claveri (neuroptera: chrysopidae). | neem oil is a biopesticide that disturbs the endocrine and neuroendocrine systems of pests and may interfere with molting, metamorphosis and cocoon spinning. the cocoon serves protective functions for the pupa during metamorphosis, and these functions are dependent on cocoon structure. to assess the changes in cocoon spinning caused by neem oil ingestion, ceraeochrysa claveri larvae, a common polyphagous predator, were fed with neem oil throughout the larval period. when treated with neem oil, c ... | 2013 | 23993219 |
| development of a new method to prepare nano-/microparticles loaded with extracts of azadirachta indica, their characterization and use in controlling plutella xylostella. | biodegradable nanoparticles have been widely explored as carriers for controlled delivery of therapeutic molecules; however, studies describing the development of nanoparticles as carriers for biopesticide products are few. in this work, a new method to prepare nanoparticles loaded with neem (azadirachta indica) extracts is presented. in this study, nanoparticles were formulated as colloidal suspension and (spray-dried) powder and characterized by evaluating ph, particle size, zeta potential, mo ... | 2013 | 23991702 |
| anti-proliferative and apoptosis inducing effect of nimbolide by altering molecules involved in apoptosis and igf signalling via pi3k/akt in prostate cancer (pc-3) cell line. | prostate cancer is responsible for major deaths globally after lung cancer. nimbolide is an important constituent of neem, and it acts as a potent inhibitor for many cancer cells. the present study was designed to evaluate the effects of nimbolide on apoptosis and insulin-like growth factor (igf) signalling molecules in androgen-independent prostate cancer (pc-3) cells line. nimbolide (0.5-2 μm) treatment resulted in 50% inhibition at a dose of 2 μm in the pc-3 cell line. the mrna expression of ... | 2014 | 23963693 |
| production of the biopesticide azadirachtin by hairy root cultivation of azadirachta indica in liquid-phase bioreactors. | batch cultivation of azadirachta indica hairy roots was carried out in different liquid-phase bioreactor configurations (stirred-tank, bubble column, bubble column with polypropylene basket, and polyurethane foam disc as root supports) to investigate possible scale-up of the a. indica hairy root culture for in vitro production of the biopesticide azadirachtin. the hairy roots failed to grow in the conventional bioreactor designs (stirred tank and bubble column). however, modified bubble column r ... | 2013 | 23955295 |
| evaluation of antiplasmodial activity of green synthesized silver nanoparticles. | in the present study silver nanoparticles (silver(np)) were synthesized from agno3 through simple green routes using either purified alpha amylase or aqueous leaf extracts of ashoka and neem respectively. the use of plant extract/enzyme for synthesis of nanoparticles is a single-step, cost effective and eco-friendly process. the silver(np) obtained by these three different ways were characterized using uv-visible spectroscopy, dls, tem, xrd and ftir. these nanoparticles were found to be antiplas ... | 2013 | 23916962 |
| multifunctional finishing of cellulosic/polyester blended fabrics. | innovative/efficient finishing systems for imparting multi-functional properties to cotton/polyester and viscose/polyester blends were developed. factors affecting the extent of functionalization including type and concentration of the nano-hybrid, i.e. silver nanoparticles/polyvinyl pyrolidone hybrid (ag-np's/pvp) or zinc oxide nanoparticles/hyperbranched polyamide-amine hybrid (zno-np's/hbpaa), concentration of basic blue 9, or chitosan and sequence of treatment using citric acid as cross-link ... | 2013 | 23911516 |
| preparation, characterization and biocatalytic activity of a nanoconjugate of alpha amylase and silver nanoparticles. | the primary challenge in developing nanoparticle based enzymatic devices is to be able to chemically immobilize an enzyme, which will retain its activity or improve its function while being attached to the nanoparticle. this would be of even greater significance if the whole process could be performed under benign conditions without having to resort to functionalization of key molecules at various steps. in the present study the conjugates of amylase and silver nanoparticles were synthesized usi ... | 2013 | 23901526 |
| bait spray for control of european cherry fruit fly: an appraisal based on semi-field and field studies. | the european cherry fruit fly, rhagoletis cerasi, is the major insect pest of sweet and tart cherries. its management is becoming increasingly difficult in many countries as formerly effective but broad-spectrum insecticides are removed from the market. with the objective of identifying suitable and environmentally safe alternatives, we investigated bait sprays containing two families of plant-derived insecticides: azadirachtins (neemazal-t(®) and neemazal-t/s(®) ) and pyrethrins (spruzit neu(®) ... | 2014 | 23893955 |
| [nutrient dynamics in forest plantations of azadirachta indica (meliaceae) established for restoration of degraded lands in colombia]. | nutrient dynamics in forest plantations of azadirachta indica (meliaceae) established for restoration of degraded lands in colombia. azadirachta indica is a tree species which use is steadily increasing for restoration of tropical and subtropical arid and degraded lands throughout the world. the objective of this research study was to evaluate the potential of these plantations as an active restoration model for the recovery of soils under desertification in arid lands of colombia. litter traps ... | 2013 | 23885570 |
| comparison of the effectiveness of 0.5% tea, 2% neem and 0.2% chlorhexidine mouthwashes on oral health: a randomized control trial. | the aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of 0.5% tea, 2% neem, and 0.2% chlorhexidine mouthwashes on oral health. | 2013 | 23852229 |
| traditional medicinal plants used for the treatment of diabetes in rural and urban areas of dhaka, bangladesh--an ethnobotanical survey. | the usage of medicinal plants is traditionally rooted in bangladesh and still an essential part of public healthcare. recently, a dramatically increasing prevalence brought diabetes mellitus and its therapy to the focus of public health interests in bangladesh. we conducted an ethnobotanical survey to identify the traditional medicinal plants being used to treat diabetes in bangladesh and to critically assess their anti-diabetic potentials with focus on evidence-based criteria. | 2013 | 23800215 |
| normalization of tumor microenvironment by neem leaf glycoprotein potentiates effector t cell functions and therapeutically intervenes in the growth of mouse sarcoma. | we have observed restriction of the murine sarcoma growth by therapeutic intervention of neem leaf glycoprotein (nlgp). in order to evaluate the mechanism of tumor growth restriction, here, we have analyzed tumor microenvironment (tme) from sarcoma bearing mice with nlgp therapy (nlgp-tme, in comparison to pbs-tme). analysis of cytokine milieu within tme revealed il-10, tgfβ, il-6 rich type 2 characters was switched to type 1 microenvironment with dominance of ifnγ secretion within nlgp-tme. pro ... | 2013 | 23785504 |
| role of aqueous extract of azadirachta indica leaves in an experimental model of alzheimer's disease in rats. | alzheimer's disease (ad), a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by multiple cognitive deficits, is often accompanied by behavioral disorders and mood changes. because of the non-availability of proper curative/preventive therapy for ad, the present study was designed to evaluate the possible role of azadirachta indica in experimental ad in rats. | 2013 | 23776838 |
| an increase of granulosa cell apoptosis mediates aqueous neem (azadirachta indica) leaf extract-induced oocyte apoptosis in rat. | neem plant (azadirachta indica) has been extensively used in ayurvedic system of medicine for female fertility regulation for a long time, but its mechanism of action remains poorly understood. hence, the present study was aimed to determine whether an increase of granulosa cell apoptosis is associated with aqueous neem leaf extract (nle)-induced oocyte apoptosis. | 2013 | 23776837 |
| neem leaf glycoprotein is superior than cisplatin and sunitinib malate in restricting melanoma growth by normalization of tumor microenvironment. | we have observed earlier that therapeutic treatment with neem leaf glycoprotein (nlgp) inhibits murine b16-melanoma growth in vivo and improves survivability of treated mice. anti-tumor effect of nlgp is directly associated with enhanced cd8(+) t cell activity and downregulation of suppressive cellular functions. objective of this present study is to know the efficacy of nlgp in comparison to two popular drugs, cisplatin and sunitinib malate (sutent) in relation to the modulation of tumor microe ... | 2013 | 23747315 |
| neem leaf extract induces cell death by apoptosis and autophagy in b-chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells. | chronic lymphocytic leukemia (cll) is the most common adult leukemia and is currently incurable. to expand the therapeutic armamentarium, we investigated neem leaf extract (nle) after a patient with cll demonstrated disease regression upon taking oral nle. nle-mediated apoptosis was examined in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmcs) from 41 patients with cll. nle induced a dose-dependent reduction in cll cell viability with significant apoptosis observed at 0.06% (w/v) by 24 h. annexin-v sta ... | 2014 | 23721511 |
| modulatory effects of azadirachta indica leaf extract on cutaneous and hepatic biochemical status during promotion phase of dmba/tpa-induced skin tumorigenesis in mice. | the modulation in biochemical status of skin and hepatic tissue at the time point of commencement of promotion stage of skin carcinogenesis in mice and its intervention with aqueous azadirachta indica leaf extract (aaile) were investigated. 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (dmba, 500 nmol/100 ul of acetone) was applied topically for 2 weeks (twice weekly), followed by phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (tpa, 1.7 nmol/100 ul) twice weekly for 6 weeks on the depilated skin of mice and aaile was adminis ... | 2013 | 23720884 |
| cytotoxic evaluation of melia azedarach in comparison with, azadirachta indica and its phytochemical investigation. | melia azedarach l. is an important medicinal plant that is used for variety of ailments in iranian traditional medicine. azadirachta indica a. juss is its allied species and possesses similar properties and effects. the present study was undertaken to investigate anticancer activity of these m. azedarach in comparison with a. indica on cancer cell lines and also to evaluate their safety in humans by testing them on normal cell line. the study also aimed to determine the active components that ar ... | 2013 | 23679992 |
| effect of melia azedarach (sapindales: meliaceae) fruit extracts on citrus leafminer phyllocnistis citrella (lepidoptera: gracillariidae). | melia azedarach l. extracts were studied in comparison with selected biorational insecticides against the citrus leafminer phyllocnistis citrella stainton under field conditions. citrus limon (l.) burm. f. trees were exposed to: melia extracts of green and mature fruits, neem oil (30% a.i.), abamectin (1.8% a.i.) and control. two sprays of each treatment (except for melia mature fruit extract) were executed at 10-d intervals. the live number of the 1(st) and later (2(nd) & 3(rd)) larval instars ... | 2013 | 23667805 |
| development of microbial resistant thermosensitive ag nanocomposite (gelatin) hydrogels via green process. | in this investigation, an ecofriendly method for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (agnps) using biodegradable gelatin as a stabilizing agent is reported. here, we prepared thermosensitive silver nanocomposite hydrogels composed of gelatin and n-isopropylacrylamide. in this green process agnps were formed from ag(+) ions and reduced with leaf [azadirachta indica (neem leaf)] extracts, resulting in a hydrogel network. the ag(0) nanoparticles affect the hydrogel strength and improved the biolo ... | 2014 | 23650266 |
| neem leaf glycoprotein overcomes indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase mediated tolerance in dendritic cells by attenuating hyperactive regulatory t cells in cervical cancer stage iiib patients. | tolerogenic dendritic cells (dcs) are a subset of dcs characterized by abundant indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase (ido) expressions. ido may be co-operatively induced in dcs by regulatory t (tregs) cells and various dc maturation agents. tregs are markedly amplified in the physiological system of cancer patients, inducing over tolerance in dcs that leads to the hyper accumulation of immunosuppressive ido in tumor microenvironment, thereby, hampering anti-tumor immunity. consequently, a major focus of ... | 2013 | 23628394 |
| a comparative study of economical separation and aggregation properties of biologically capped and thiol functionalized gold nanoparticles: selecting the eco-friendly trojan horses for biological applications. | we are presenting facile bio-fabrication of extremely stable gold nanoparticles (gnps) using medicinal plant azadirachta indica (commonly called neem) and its comparison with most commonly used glutathione (gsh) protected gnps in terms of stability under physiological conditions, seperation using density gradient centrifugation and aggregation properties in the solution. there was dual peak at 536 and 662 nm indicating the presence of non-spherical gnps including triangles, rods and hexagons in ... | 2013 | 23603039 |
| extraction and parametrization of grain boundary networks in glacier ice, using a dedicated method of automatic image analysis. | microstructure analysis of polar ice cores is vital to understand the processes controlling the flow of polar ice on the microscale. this paper presents an automatic image processing framework for extraction and parametrization of grain boundary networks from images of the neem deep ice core. as cross-section images are acquired using controlled surface sublimation, grain boundaries and air inclusions appear dark, whereas the inside of grains appears grey. the initial segmentation step of the so ... | 2013 | 23573838 |
| the acaricidal efficacy of aqueous neem extract and ivermectin against sarcoptes scabiei var. cuniculi in experimentally infested rabbits. | sarcoptes scabiei var. cuniculi is one of the most important veterinary ectoparasites in rabbits and results in considerable loss of weight, productivity, and wool quality. the acaricidal activity of aqueous leaf extract of neem (can) and ivermectin (ivr) were evaluated in vitro and in vivo against s. scabiei var. cuniculi. rabbits were classified into four groups (ten rabbits each). the first group (group 1) was designated as the negative control group. each rabbit of the other groups was exper ... | 2013 | 23572045 |
| genotoxicity assessment of nim-76 and its formulation (pessary) in an in vitro ames salmonella/microsome assay and in vivo mouse bone marrow micronucleus test. | the possible genotoxic potential of nim-76, a volatile fraction obtained from neem oil, having promising contraceptive activity, as well as its formulation product, called pessary (7.5% nim-76 in polyethylene glycol), were evaluated in the ames assay and mouse bone marrow micronucleus (mn) assay. genotoxicity of nim-76 (0.1-1000 µg/plate) and pessary (0.1-10,000 µg/plate) were studied using the liquid preincubation protocol of the ames assay both in the presence and absence of s9. likewise, the ... | 2013 | 23527474 |
| molecular basis of 'hypoxic' breast cancer cell radio-sensitization: phytochemicals converge on radiation induced rel signaling. | heterogeneously distributed hypoxic areas are a characteristic property of locally advanced breast cancers (bca) and generally associated with therapeutic resistance, metastases, and poor patient survival. about 50% of locally advanced bca, where radiotherapy is less effective are suggested to be due to hypoxic regions. in this study, we investigated the potential of bioactive phytochemicals in radio-sensitizing hypoxic bca cells. | 2013 | 23452621 |
| a 90-day subchronic toxicity study of neem oil, a azadirachta indica oil, in mice. | to determine the no-observed-adverse-effect level (noael) of exposure and target organs of neem oil for establishing safety criteria for human exposure, the subchronic toxicity study with neem oil in mice was evaluated. the mice (10 per sex for each dose) was orally administered with neem oil with the doses of 0 (to serve as a control), 177, 533 and 1600 mg/kg/day for 90 days. after the treatment period, observation of reversibility or persistence of any toxic effects, mice were continuously fed ... | 2013 | 23444337 |