| broncho-pleural fistula with hydropneumothorax at ct: diagnostic implications in mycobacterium avium complex lung disease with pleural involvement. | to determine the patho-mechanism of pleural effusion or hydropneumothorax in mycobacterium avium complex (mac) lung disease through the computed tomographic (ct) findings. | 2017 | 26957917 |
| low levels of short- and medium-chain acylcarnitines in hiv-infected patients. | carnitine plays an essential role in fatty acid metabolism, exerts substantial antioxidant action and regulates immune functions. we hypothesized that a disturbed carnitine metabolism could be involved in progression of hiv infection. | 2016 | 26913383 |
| bronchial occlusion with endobronchial watanabe spigots for massive hemoptysis in a patient with pulmonary mycobacterium avium complex infection. | the safety of occlusion with endobronchial watanabe spigots (ews) for the management of hemoptysis associated with chronic respiratory tract infection has not yet been established. a 57-year-old woman diagnosed as having pulmonary mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infection presented to our hospital with hemoptysis. she underwent bronchoscopy for bronchial occlusion with ews, which resulted in the resolution of hemoptysis. subsequently, she underwent bronchial artery embolization and then ews we ... | 2016 | 26879482 |
| serum concentrations of clarithromycin and rifampicin in pulmonary mycobacterium avium complex disease: long-term changes due to drug interactions and their association with clinical outcomes. | concomitant use of clarithromycin (cam) and rifampicin (rfp) for the treatment of pulmonary mycobacterium avium complex (mac) disease affects the systemic concentrations of both drugs due to cyp3a4-related interactions. to date, however, there has been no report that investigates the long-term relationship between the drug concentrations, cyp3a4 activity, and clinical outcomes. our aim was to investigate the time course of the drug levels in long-term treatment of subjects with pulmonary mac dis ... | 2015 | 26819743 |
| retrospective investigation of combination therapy with clarithromycin and levofloxacin for pulmonary mycobacterium avium complex disease. | fluoroquinolones are often used for the treatment of refractory mycobacterium avium complex (mac) disease when the clinical efficacy of the recommended regimen, which includes clarithromycin (cam), rifampicin (rfp), and ethambutol (eb), is insufficient. however, recent in vitro and in vivo studies have suggested that fluoroquinolones decreased the antibacterial activity of cam when they were administered in combination. in this study, we retrospectively investigated the influence of the combinat ... | 2015 | 26819735 |
| analysis of drug treatment outcome in clarithromycin-resistant mycobacterium avium complex lung disease. | although the isolation of clarithromycin (cam)-resistant mycobacterium avium complex (mac) indicates a poor treatment outcome and increased mortality, there have been only a few reports on drug treatment for cam-resistant mac lung disease. we aimed to reveal the effectiveness of the continuation of a macrolide and the use of a multidrug regimen in the treatment of cam-resistant mac lung disease. | 2016 | 26818764 |
| limited value of transbronchial lung biopsy for diagnosing mycobacterium avium complex lung disease. | it remains unclear whether transbronchial lung biopsy (tblb) is useful for diagnosing mycobacterium avium complex (mac) lung disease. | 2016 | 26808915 |
| incidence of toxic optic neuropathy with low-dose ethambutol. | to investigate the incidence of ethambutol (emb) induced optic neuropathy prescribed at a relatively low dose of ≤ 15 mg/kg/day for the treatment of tuberculosis (tb) or mycobacterium avium complex (mac) lung disease. | 2016 | 26792482 |
| molecular characterization and drug susceptibility profile of a mycobacterium avium subspecies avium isolate from a dog with disseminated infection. | mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infections have been described in many mammalian species including humans and pets. we isolated and molecularly typed the causative agent of a rare case of disseminated mycobacteriosis in a dog. we identified the pathogen as a m. avium subspecies avium by sequencing the partial genes gyrb and rpsa. considering the zoonotic potential of this infection, and in an attempt to ensure the most effective treatment for the animal, we also determined the drug susceptibil ... | 2016 | 26758809 |
| disseminated mycobacterium avium complex with cutaneous lesions. | although most commonly encountered in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection, disseminated mycobacterium avium complex (mac) is becoming more common in patients receiving immunosuppressive medications. disseminated mac with skin lesions may occur, and several presentations have been reported, including panniculitis, cutaneous granulomas, pustules, ulcerations, and erythematous skin lesions. | 2016 | 26740021 |
| bronchial artery embolization to control hemoptysis in patients with mycobacterium avium complex. | hemoptysis frequently develops in patients with mycobacterium avium complex (mac) pulmonary disease. bronchial artery embolization (bae) has been established as one of the useful treatments of massive and persistent hemoptysis. we evaluated the efficacy and safety of bae for controlling hemoptysis in mac patients, and identified the risk factors of rebleeding after bae. | 2016 | 26718145 |
| novel mycobacterium avium complex species isolated from black wildebeest (connochaetes gnou) in south africa. | a study was undertaken to isolate and characterize mycobacterium species from black wildebeest suspected of being infected with tuberculosis in south africa. this led to the discovery of a new mycobacterium avium complex species, provisionally referred to as the gnou isolate from black wildebeest (connochaetes gnou). sixteen samples from nine black wildebeest were processed for mycobacterium isolation. following decontamination, samples were incubated in an ordinary incubator at 37°c on löwenste ... | 2015 | 26671520 |
| nontuberculous mycobacteria in middle east: current situation and future challenges. | nontuberculous mycobacteria (ntm) are a diverse group of bacterial species that are distributed in the environment. many of these environmental bacteria can cause disease in humans. the identification of ntm in environmental sources is important for both clinical and epidemiological purposes. in this study, the distribution of ntm species from environmental and clinical samples in the middle east was reviewed. in order to provide an overview of ntm, as well as recent epidemiological trends, all ... | 2015 | 26655192 |
| middle-aged to elderly women have a higher asymptomatic infection rate with mycobacterium avium complex, regardless of body habitus. | mycobacterium avium complex (mac) pulmonary disease is prevalent in middle-aged to elderly women with a thin body habitus. by comparing the rate of serologically diagnosed asymptomatic mac infection and body mass index among 1033 healthy subjects, we find that middle-aged to elderly women became infected with mac, regardless of their body habitus. | 2016 | 26639819 |
| health-related quality of life is inversely correlated with c-reactive protein and age in mycobacterium avium complex lung disease: a cross-sectional analysis of 235 patients. | mycobacterium avium complex (mac) lung diseases generally cause chronic disease in immunocompetent hosts. although a few studies have examined health-related quality of life (hrql) in patients with mac lung disease, there have been no large studies. this study aimed to evaluate hrql and its correlation with clinical outcomes in mac lung disease. | 2015 | 26635226 |
| proton magnetic resonance imaging for initial assessment of isolated mycobacterium avium complex pneumonia. | computed tomographic (ct) radiography is the reference standard for imaging mycobacterium avium complex (mac) lung infection. magnetic resonance imaging (mri) has been shown to be comparable to ct for characterizing other pulmonary inflammatory conditions, but has not been rigorously tested for imaging mac pneumonia. | 2016 | 26633593 |
| a rhesus macaque model of pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacterial disease. | in this study, we sought to develop a nonhuman primate model of pulmonary mycobacterium avium complex (mac) disease. blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were collected from three female rhesus macaques infected intrabronchially with escalating doses of m. avium subsp. hominissuis. immunity was determined by measuring cytokine levels, lymphocyte proliferation, and antigen-specific responses. disease progression was monitored clinically and microbiologically with serial thoracic radiographs, co ... | 2016 | 26562499 |
| long-term follow-up of mycobacterium avium complex lung disease in patients treated with regimens including clofazimine and/or rifampin. | mycobacterium avium complex (mac) lung disease requires prolonged treatment with multiple antibiotics. drug intolerances and interactions are common with the current recommended treatment. there is limited information on outcomes with alternative medications. | 2016 | 26513209 |
| dry pleurisy complicating solitary pulmonary nodules caused by mycobacterium avium: a case report. | mycobacterium avium complex (mac) lung disease presenting as a solitary pulmonary nodule (mac-spn) is often asymptomatic, is more common in middle to old age, and mimics lung cancer or tuberculoma. we report herein a case of mac-spn in an immunocompetent young adult patient, presenting with persistent chest pain and a subacutely progressive nodule with high intense (18)f-fluorodeoxyglucose uptake. histological examination of resected specimens revealed pleurisy, which is a rare finding of mac-sp ... | 2015 | 26503229 |
| successful resumption of tocilizumab for rheumatoid arthritis after resection of a pulmonary mycobacterium avium complex lesion: a case report. | biological agents inhibiting tnf-α and other molecules involved in inflammatory cascade have been increasingly used to treat rheumatoid arthritis (ra). however, it remains controversial whether biological agents can be used safely in a patient with an underlying chronic infectious disease. | 2015 | 26496968 |
| determinants of recurrence after successful treatment of mycobacterium avium complex lung disease. | the long-term treatment outcomes of mycobacterium avium complex (mac) lung disease (ld) have not been adequately evaluated. | 2015 | 26459540 |
| dress syndrome presenting after initiation of mycobacterium avium complex osteomyelitis treatment. | drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (dress) syndrome is characterised by fever, rash, eosinophilia and organ damage that develops 2-6 weeks after the initiation of a medication. we report a case of dress syndrome in a 79-year-old man that developed after the introduction of rifabutin, ethambutol and clarithromycin used to treat mycobacterium avium complex (mac) vertebral osteomyelitis. this case highlights treatment and management challenges in a patient with known mac vertebral os ... | 2015 | 26438676 |
| genetic diversity of clinical mycobacterium avium subsp. hominissuis and mycobacterium intracellulare isolates causing pulmonary diseases recovered from different geographical regions. | mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infections are increasing annually in many countries. mac strains are the most common nontuberculous mycobacterial pathogens isolated from respiratory samples and predominantly consist of two species, mycobacterium avium and mycobacterium intracellulare. the aim of this study was to analyze the molecular epidemiology and genetic backgrounds of clinical mac isolates collected from the netherlands, germany, united states, korea and japan. variable numbers of tande ... | 2015 | 26435330 |
| diagnostic performance of measuring antibodies to the glycopeptidolipid core antigen specific to mycobacterium avium complex in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: results from a cross-sectional observational study. | the aim of this study was to investigate the diagnostic performance of measuring antibodies to the glycopeptidolipid (gpl) core antigen specific to mycobacterium avium complex (mac) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (ra). | 2015 | 26415495 |
| experimental reactivation of pulmonary mycobacterium avium complex infection in a modified cornell-like murine model. | the latency and reactivation of mycobacterium tuberculosis infection has been well studied. however, there have been few studies of the latency and reactivation of mycobacterium avium complex (mac), the most common etiological non-tuberculous mycobacterium species next to m. tuberculosis in humans worldwide. we hypothesized that latent mac infections can be reactivated following immunosuppression after combination chemotherapy with clarithromycin and rifampicin under experimental conditions. to ... | 2015 | 26406237 |
| a case of rapid exacerbation of pulmonary mycobacterium avium complex infection mimicking pulmonary aspergillosis. | we herein report a case of pulmonary mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infection with pulmonary multiple nodules and the "halo sign" on chest computed tomography (ct) in which the patient showed rapid exacerbation seven years after undergoing bone marrow transplantation (bmt). a 68-year-old japanese female visited our hospital due to a productive cough and dyspnea. she had undergone allogeneic bmt for acute myelocytic leukemia and received both prednisolone (2 mg/day) and cyclosporine (30 mg/day ... | 2015 | 26370040 |
| characteristics of pulmonary mycobacterium avium complex disease diagnosed later in follow-up after negative mycobacterial study including bronchoscopy. | we occasionally experience cases suspected of pulmonary mycobacterium avium complex (mac) disease without positive bacterial cultures. | 2015 | 26365483 |
| clinical efficacy of anti-glycopeptidolipid-core iga test for diagnosing mycobacterium avium complex infection in lung. | it is difficult to verify the bacteriological diagnosis of mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infection. the anti-glycopeptidolipid (gpl)-core iga antibody test was recently developed as a diagnostic method for mac pulmonary disease. only a few studies evaluate its clinical efficacy. we conducted retrospective evaluations of clinical characteristics of patients suspected of mac infection to explore the usefulness of the anti-gpl-core iga antibody test. | 2015 | 26338466 |
| diagnostic value of antibody responses to multiple antigens from mycobacterium tuberculosis in active and latent tuberculosis. | we investigated the antibody responses to 10 prospective mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) antigens and evaluated their ability to discriminate between latent (ltbi) and active pulmonary tuberculosis (tb). our results indicate that plasma levels of anti-α-crystallin (acr), antilipoarabinomannan, anti-trehalose 6,6'-dimycolate, and anti-tubercular-glycolipid antigen antibodies were higher in patients with active tb, compared to those in the ltbi and control subjects. no differences in the antibodi ... | 2015 | 26307672 |
| intracranial abscess due to mycobacterium avium complex in an immunocompetent host: a case report. | mycobacterium avium complex (mac) is a ubiquitous pathogen, widely distributed in the environment including water, soil and animals. it is an uncommonly encountered clinical pathogen; primarily causing pulmonary infections in patients with underlying lung disease or disseminated disease in immunocompromised hosts. sporadically, extra-pulmonary infections have been documented including involvement of the liver, spleen, skin, soft tissue and lymph nodes. central nervous system (cns) infections due ... | 2015 | 26201464 |
| identification of mycobacterium genavense in a diana monkey (cercopithecus diana) by polymerase chain reaction and high-performance liquid chromatography. | a 25-yr-old diana monkey (cercopithecus diana) with a 1.5-yr history of chronic colitis and diarrhea was found to have disseminated granulomatous disease with intralesional acid fast bacilli. bacilli were identified as mycobacterium genavense by polymerase chain reaction, sequencing of the 16s-23s ribosomal rna intergenic spacer (its) gene, and mycolic acid analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography. mycobacterium genavense is a common cause of mycobacteriosis in free-ranging and captive ... | 2015 | 26056890 |
| pulmonary chondroid hamartoma with nontuberculous mycobacterial infection: two case reports. | solitary pulmonary nodules (spns) can be manifested in a variety of disorders including neoplasms, infection, inflammation, and vascular or congenital abnormalities. in addition, they are often accompanied with other pulmonary pathologic lesions such as consolidations and several pulmonary disorders present as similar pulmonary nodular lesions simultaneously. diagnostic workup is important for these spns; however, many physicians often miss the second diagnosis for multiple pulmonary lesions wit ... | 2015 | 25860214 |
| comparison of clinical features, virulence, and relapse among mycobacterium avium complex species. | traditionally, mycobacterium avium complex (mac) has been composed of m. avium and m. intracellulare; however, advances in genetic sequencing have allowed discovery of several novel species. with these discoveries, investigation of differences in risk factors, virulence, and clinical outcomes have emerged. | 2015 | 25835090 |
| pleural mycobacterium avium complex infection in an immunocompetent female with no risk factors. | mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infections rarely affect the pleura, accounting for 5-15% of pulmonary mac. we report a case of mac pleural effusion in an otherwise immunocompetent young patient. a 37-year-old healthy female with no past medical history was admitted to the hospital with two weeks of right sided pleuritic chest pain, productive cough, and fever. she was febrile, tachycardic, and tachypneic with signs of right sided pleural effusion which were confirmed by chest x-ray and chest ... | 2015 | 25793135 |
| risk factors for recurrence after successful treatment of mycobacterium avium complex lung disease. | this study analyzed the recurrence rate and risk factors for recurrence of mycobacterium avium complex (mac) lung disease in patients successfully treated for this disease. the medical records of 158 patients successfully treated for mac lung disease at a tertiary referral center in south korea between march 2000 and december 2009 were retrospectively analyzed. recurrence was recorded, and factors associated with recurrence were analyzed. the mean age of the 158 patients was 60.7 ± 11.1 years. t ... | 2015 | 25753634 |
| treatment of slowly growing mycobacteria. | the most common nontuberculous mycobacterial (ntm) lung pathogen, mycobacterium avium complex (mac), requires antibiotic treatment regimens that are long and often arduous. m kansasii is the slowly growing ntm pathogen with the most predictably successful treatment outcomes, whereas other slowly growing ntm pathogens such as m xeonpi, m szulgai, and m malmoense are less predictably responsive to antibiotic regimens. m simiae is the most difficult of the common slowly growing ntm pathogens to era ... | 2015 | 25676521 |
| an unusual case of fever of unknown origin. | mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infection is a common complication of the later stages of aids. extrapulmonary infection with mac in hiv-negative patients is considered uncommon. we report a case of a young female who presented with fever of unknown origin on multiple occasions and failed to be diagnosed with mac by acid-fast stain initially. subsequently, the patient presented with pancytopenia due to bone marrow biopsy-proven infection with mac. the patient was not on any immunosuppressant r ... | 2014 | 25675595 |
| disseminated mycobacterium avium complex as protein-losing enteropathy in a non-hiv patient. | disseminated mycobacterium avium complex (mac) causing protein-losing enteropathy (ple) due to intestinal lymphangiectasia (il) in a non-hiv immunocompromised state is extremely rare. we present a case of 56-year-old male who was evaluated for worsening dyspnea and found to have right-sided chylous pleural effusion as well as worsening abdominal and retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy. he had a history of psoriasis for which hewas on etanercept and alefacept which were stopped two years prior to the ... | 2016 | 25672059 |
| factors associated with subsequent nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease in patients with a single sputum isolate on initial examination. | very few studies have focused on the outcome and management of patients with a single sputum isolate of nontuberculous mycobacterium (ntm) on initial examination. patients with a single isolate of mycobacterium avium complex (mac), m. chelonae-abscessus, m. kansasii, or m. fortuitum from at least three sputum samples collected within 1 month were retrospectively identified. those with follow-up sputum samples within 1 year were included in the analysis. among the 202 patients included, m. fortui ... | 2015 | 25658545 |
| safety and tolerability of clofazimine as salvage therapy for atypical mycobacterial infection in solid organ transplant recipients. | the treatment of mycobacterium avium complex (mac) requires prolonged, multidrug therapy, which is often not well tolerated. in solid organ transplant (sot) recipients, drug-drug interactions complicate treatment further. failure or intolerance requires the use of salvage regimens, and clofazimine is one of the drugs that can be used. no data are available on the safety and tolerability of clofazimine for the treatment of mac in sot recipients. | 2015 | 25620390 |
| mycobacterium avium complex infection in a patient with sickle cell disease and severe iron overload. | a 34-year-old female with sickle cell anemia (hemoglobin ss disease) and severe iron overload presented to our institution with the subacute presentation of recurrent pain crisis, fever of unknown origin, pancytopenia, and weight loss. a ct scan demonstrated both lung and liver nodules concerning for granulomatous disease. subsequent biopsies of the liver and bone marrow confirmed the presence of noncaseating granulomas and blood cultures isolated mycobacterium avium complex mac. disseminated ma ... | 2014 | 25544913 |
| validation of a commercial serodiagnostic kit for diagnosing pulmonary mycobacterium avium complex disease. | a commercial serodiagnostic kit for diagnosing pulmonary disease due to mycobacterium avium complex (mac-pd) was developed and launched in japan in 2011. | 2015 | 25519798 |
| real-time monitoring of mycobacterium genomic dna with target-primed rolling circle amplification by a au nanoparticle-embedded spr biosensor. | in this study, we developed a surface plasmon resonance (spr) dna biosensor array based on target-primed rolling circle amplification (rca) for isothermal and rapid detection of two pathogenic mycobacteria, mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (mtbc) and mycobacterium avium complex (mac).the species-specific padlock probe (plp) was designed to target the sequence in 16s-23s rrna gene internal transcribed spacer (its). after ligation, the circularized plp could be primed by the target sequence to i ... | 2015 | 25500527 |
| tuberculosis in swine co-infected with mycobacterium avium subsp. hominissuis and mycobacterium bovis in a cluster from argentina. | summary in argentina little is known about the epidemiology of tuberculosis (tb) infection in swine. we characterized the epidemiological dynamics of mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infection in a swine population of argentina using molecular tools and spatial analysis techniques. isolates (n = 196) obtained from tb-like lesions (n = 200) were characterized by polymerase chain reaction. the isolates were positive to either m. bovis (is6110) (n = 160) or m. avium (is1245) (n = 16) while the rem ... | 2015 | 25496827 |
| pulmonary nocardiosis caused by nocardia cyriacigeorgica in patients with mycobacterium avium complex lung disease: two case reports. | pulmonary nocardiosis frequently occurs in immunocompromised hosts and in some immunocompetent hosts with chronic lung disease; however, few reports have described pulmonary nocardiosis with nontuberculous mycobacterial lung infection. here we report for the first time two cases of pulmonary nocardiosis caused by nocardia cyriacigeorgica associated with mycobacterium avium complex (mac) lung disease caused by m. avium. | 2014 | 25491030 |
| nontuberculous mycobacteria immune reconstitution syndrome. | the prevalence of nontuberculous mycobacteria infection (ntm) in sub-saharan africa is estimated to be less than 1%. ntm is often underdiagnosed or misdiagnosed as tuberculosis in patients who present with immune reconstitution syndrome (irs) following initiation of antiretroviral treatment (art). immune reconstitution syndrome is common in patients who start art with low cd4 counts and high hiv viral load. furthermore, mycobacterium avium complex (mac) commonly infects those with cd4 counts les ... | 2014 | 25435881 |
| intermittent antibiotic therapy for nodular bronchiectatic mycobacterium avium complex lung disease. | although intermittent, three-times-weekly therapy is recommended for the initial treatment of noncavitary nodular bronchiectatic mycobacterium avium complex (mac) lung disease, supporting data are limited. | 2015 | 25393520 |
| [clinical characteristics of pulmonary mycobacterium avium complex infection complicated with lung cancer]. | the coexistence of lung cancer and pulmonary mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infection has not been well reported. this study illustrated the clinical characteristics of pulmonary mac infections complicated with lung cancer. | 2014 | 25283009 |
| the influence of environmental exposure on the response to antimicrobial treatment in pulmonary mycobacterial avium complex disease. | environmental exposure is a likely risk factor for the development of pulmonary mycobacterium avium complex (mac) disease. the influence of environmental exposure on the response to antimicrobial treatment and relapse is unknown. | 2014 | 25266993 |
| mycobacterium avium complex (mac) presenting as the first infection in a child with cystic fibrosis. | nontuberculous mycobacteria (ntm) have been increasingly recognized in recent years as contributors to clinically significant lung infection in cystic fibrosis (cf) patients. reports of prevalence vary from 6 to 22% around the world. prevalence estimates in childhood cf is challenging since sputum producers are rare, bronchoalveolar lavage is an invasive procedure and may not be feasible, and mounting evidence deeming throat cultures to be unsuccessful in detecting ntm. we report a case of an ov ... | 2014 | 25200554 |
| antimicrobial susceptibility and molecular characterization of mycobacterium intracellulare in china. | mycobacterium avium complex (mac) is the most common non-tuberculosis mycobacterial pathogen isolated from respiratory samples, mainly including two species, mycobacterium avium (m. avium) and mycobacterium intracellulare (m. intracellulare). although these two species belong to the same group, m. avium and m. intracellulare reveal significantly differences in pathogenicity and biology. nevertheless, little is known regarding the drug resistant details profile of m. avium or m. intracellulare in ... | 2014 | 25131955 |
| pilot quasi-randomized controlled study of herbal medicine hochuekkito as an adjunct to conventional treatment for progressed pulmonary mycobacterium avium complex disease. | hochuekkito, a traditional herbal medicine, is occasionally prescribed in japan to treat patients with a poor general condition. we aimed to examine whether this medicine was beneficial and tolerable for patients with progressed pulmonary mycobacterium avium complex (mac) disease. | 2014 | 25093868 |
| relatedness of mycobacterium avium subspecies hominissuis clinical isolates of human and porcine origins assessed by mlva. | mycobacterium avium subsp. hominissuis (mah) is an important opportunistic pathogen, infecting humans and animals, notably pigs. several methods have been used to characterize mah strains. rflp and pfge typing techniques have been used as standard methods but are technically demanding. in contrast, the analysis of vntr loci is a simpler, affordable and highly reliable pcr-based technique, allowing a numerical and reproductive digitalization of typing data. in this study, the analysis of mycobact ... | 2014 | 25085520 |
| detection of legionella, l. pneumophila and mycobacterium avium complex (mac) along potable water distribution pipelines. | inhalation of potable water presents a potential route of exposure to opportunistic pathogens and hence warrants significant public health concern. this study used qpcr to detect opportunistic pathogens legionella spp., l. pneumophila and mac at multiple points along two potable water distribution pipelines. one used chlorine disinfection and the other chloramine disinfection. samples were collected four times over the year to provide seasonal variation and the chlorine or chloramine residual wa ... | 2014 | 25046636 |
| treatment outcomes of refractory mac pulmonary disease treated with drugs with unclear efficacy. | we aimed to investigate the treatment outcomes of patients with refractory mycobacterium avium complex (mac) lung disease treated with regimens containing drugs with unclear efficacy. of all patients diagnosed with mac lung disease between april 2004 and september 2012 at a tertiary referral center in south korea, the outcomes of 51 patients treated with regimens containing drugs with unclear efficacy (clofazimine, moxifloxacin, rifabutin, and linezolid) because of treatment failure after receiv ... | 2014 | 24981714 |
| long-term, low-dose erythromycin monotherapy for mycobacterium avium complex lung disease: a propensity score analysis. | multidrug regimens are initially withheld in mild cases of pulmonary mycobacterium avium complex (mac) disease. based on the anti-inflammatory effects of macrolides, some patients are treated with erythromycin, which does not appear to exhibit cross-resistance with clarithromycin in mac. the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects and adverse events of erythromycin monotherapy in patients with pulmonary mac disease. this was a retrospective propensity score analysis consisting of 31 patien ... | 2014 | 24948577 |
| pulmonary mycobacterium avium infection in a patient with crohn's disease under azathioprine treatment. | anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha therapy is known as a risk factor of non-tuberculous mycobacteria (ntm) infection. however, there are few reports of ntm infection under treatment with thiopurine agents. we herein report a first case of pulmonary infection caused by mycobacterium avium complex (mac) in a patient with crohn's disease under treatment with thiopurine. after starting antibiotics therapy for ntm including clarithromycin, rifampicin, ethambutol and streptomycin, mac infection was well ... | 2014 | 24932166 |
| [clinical features of pulmonary mycobacterium avium complex disease diagnosed through gastric aspirate culture]. | the diagnostic significance of gastric aspirate culture has been established in pulmonary tuberculosis, but not in pulmonary mycobacterium avium complex (mac) disease. this study aimed to verify the diagnostic significance of gastric aspirate culture in pulmonary mac disease. | 2014 | 24908809 |
| risk factors for deterioration of nodular bronchiectatic mycobacterium avium complex lung disease. | setting the long-term natural course of mycobacterium avium complex (mac) disease with nodular bronchiectasis, the most common pulmonary non-tuberculous mycobacterial disease, is not well described. | 2014 | 24903946 |
| disseminated cutaneous mycobacterium avium complex in a person with aids. | a cutaneous mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infection is a rare infection that can occur through direct inoculation or via dissemination to the skin. we report an interesting case of disseminated cutaneous mac infection in a 45-year-old man with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids), currently treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy (haart) and mac prophylaxis. | 2014 | 24852776 |
| mycobacterium avium complex (mac) immune reconstitution syndrome (iris) with reduced susceptibility to ethambutol in an hiv-infected patient. | to describe a case of mycobacterium avium complex (mac) lymphadenitis complicated by immune reconstitution syndrome (iris) and reduced susceptibility to ethambutol. | 2014 | 24847157 |
| is primary mycobacterium avium complex prophylaxis necessary in patients with cd4 <50 cells/μl who are virologically suppressed on cart? | we analyzed 369 patients with no prior mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infection and cd4 <50 cells/μl (baseline), while on combination antiretroviral therapy(cart), for incidence rates of primary mac infection during the 6 months after baseline, by prophylaxis status. of participants (median age, 40 years old), most were male (81%) and about half were non-white; at baseline, 81% of participants were on cart >60 days and 19% had hiv rna <1000 copies/ml, whereas 65% had hiv rna >10,000 copies/ml ... | 2014 | 24833016 |
| [mycobacterium avium lung infection in hiv/aids patient: first report in peru]. | the mycobacterium avium complex (mac) is a pathogen found in the environment which causes infections in immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients. one case is presented: an hiv positive, 38 year old male patient, infected with p. jirovecii and apparently infected with mycobacterium tuberculosis since 2009. he was treated with antibiotic therapy for pneumocystosis and antituberculosis (tb) therapy, which achieved a partial improvement. in 2012, the patient underwent a culture test and new an ... | 2014 | 24718542 |
| mycobacterium avium complex infection in non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis. | reliable markers of disease progression or stability to assist in management decisions are lacking in patients with non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis and mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infection. | 2014 | 24690015 |
| detection of mycobacterium avium complex dna directly in clinical respiratory specimens: opportunities for improved turn-around time and cost savings. | we developed, evaluated, and implemented a taqman multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay for the detection of mycobacterium avium complex (mac), targeting the 16s-23s rrna internal transcribed spacer, which we have combined with an existing mycobacterium tuberculosis complex assay for use directly in clinical respiratory specimens. evaluation of the performance of this assay for mac detection included 464 clinical respiratory specimens tested prospectively. this real-time pcr ... | 2014 | 24612561 |
| nutritional indicators are correlated with the radiological severity score in patients with mycobacterium avium complex pulmonary disease: a cross-sectional study. | body weight loss in patients with mycobacterium avium complex (mac) pulmonary disease can be fatal. the administration of nutritional supplements should be an important component in the treatment of this disease. objective data regarding the association between the nutritional status and disease severity have not been reported. this cross-sectional study aimed to compare the nutritional status and radiological severity scores in mac pulmonary disease patients. | 2014 | 24583426 |
| paradoxical response to disseminated non-tuberculosis mycobacteriosis treatment in a patient receiving tumor necrosis factor-α inhibitor: a case report. | biological agents such as tumor necrosis factor-α inhibitors are known to cause mycobacterium infections. here, we report a disseminated non-tuberculosis case caused by tnf-α inhibitor therapy and a probable paradoxical response to antimycobacterial therapy. | 2014 | 24576098 |
| [immunological background on non-tuberculous mycobacteriosis]. | nontuberculous mycobacteria (ntm) pulmonary disease is increasing and mycobacterium avium complex (mac) is the most common cause. ntm pulmonary disease has been linked in a distinct patient phenotype such as thin, post-menopausal women. their predisposition to infection with ntm suggests that immunologic responses to ntm potentially contribute to pathogenesis of ntm lung disease. in this symposium, we asked four speakers to talk mainly about the immunologic pathogenesis. the topics included immu ... | 2013 | 24551953 |
| macrolide/azalide therapy for nodular/bronchiectatic mycobacterium avium complex lung disease. | there is no large study validating the appropriateness of current treatment guidelines for mycobacterium avium complex (mac) lung disease. this is a retrospective single-center review evaluating the efficacy of macrolide/azalide-containing regimens for nodular/bronchiectatic (nb) mac lung disease. | 2014 | 24457542 |
| the immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome: a cause of death in persons on antiretroviral therapy? | the availability of antiretroviral therapy (art) has significantly improved the quality of life of persons with hiv infection. however, new problems have arisen as a consequence of this treatment. an immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (iris) in which patients experience a paradoxical worsening of their clinical condition may occur during recovery of the immunity. thus far, there is no laboratory test available to diagnose iris. the diagnosis therefore remains clinical and by exclusion. ... | 2016 | 24455800 |
| role of th1/th17 balance regulated by t-bet in a mouse model of mycobacterium avium complex disease. | th1 immune responses are thought to be important in protection against intracellular pathogens. t-bet is a critical regulator for th1 cell differentiation and th1 cytokine production. the aim of this study was to determine the role of t-bet in host defense against mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infection. wild-type mice, t-bet-deficient mice, and t-bet-overexpressing mice were infected with mac via intratracheal inoculation. macrophages and dendritic cells obtained from these mice were incuba ... | 2014 | 24446514 |
| mycobacterium avium complex enteritis in hiv-infected patient. | disseminated mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infection is an important aids-defining opportunistic infection. the introduction of antimicrobial prophylaxis and antiretroviral therapy (art) markedly reduced the incidence of disseminated mac infection and improved the survival of affected individuals. however, it seems that patients with new or recurrent mac infection are still encountered in clinical practice. our images captured the characteristic endoscopic findings of mac duodenitis. the gas ... | 2014 | 26839771 |
| changes in serum immunomolecules during antibiotic therapy for mycobacterium avium complex lung disease. | little information is available regarding changes in immune status for patients with mycobacterium avium complex (mac) lung disease during antibiotic therapy. serum immunomolecules from 42 patients with mac lung disease were assayed comparatively using an array-based system according to (i) patients with mac lung disease at the time of diagnosis versus healthy controls and (ii) alterations after 12 months of antibiotic therapy in the mac lung disease group. in addition, cytokine analyses were pe ... | 2014 | 24354934 |
| serodiagnosis of mycobacterium avium complex pulmonary disease in rheumatoid arthritis. | mycobacterium avium complex (mac) pulmonary disease (pd) is often difficult and complicated to diagnose or to discriminate from follicular bronchitis, bronchiectasis, or other conditions associated with rheumatoid arthritis (ra) lung in the clinical setting. | 2014 | 24335035 |
| comparison of the spectrum of radiologic and clinical manifestations of pulmonary disease caused by mycobacterium avium complex and mycobacterium xenopi. | mycobacterium xenopi is described with upper lobe cavitation ("fibrocavitary" pattern), whereas the mycobacterium avium complex (mac) is described with bronchiectasis and centrilobular nodules ("nodular bronchiectasis"). we retrospectively described and compared computed tomography (ct) chest manifestations of disease caused by mac and m xenopi. | 2014 | 24325924 |
| a mycobacterial coinfection in a dog suspected on blood smear. | a 4-year-old neutered female crossbred shepherd was referred for a history of 10 days of anorexia, polyuria, polydipsia, polyadenomegaly, and diarrhea. on physical examination, the dog appeared quiet, responsive, and apyretic, with generalized and severe lymphadenomegaly. hematologic abnormalities included neutrophilic leukocytosis with left shift, and lymphopenia. blood smears revealed intracytoplasmic bacilli negatively stained with may-grünwald-giemsa in neutrophils and monocytes. lymph node ... | 2013 | 24320783 |
| a case report of mycobacterium avium complex peritonitis in an aids patient. | peritonitis due to mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infection is uncommon. the risk for mac in aids patients is greatest in those with severely depressed cd4 count. the organs most commonly involved in disseminated mac infection include spleen, mesenteric lymph nodes, liver, and intestines. the involvement of peritoneum by mac infection is rare. this is a case of mac peritonitis in a 26-year-old female aids patient who is noncompliant to highly active antiretroviral therapy (haart). this patien ... | 2013 | 24303220 |
| molecular characterization of mycobacterium avium subspecies hominissuis isolated from humans, cattle and pigs in the uganda cattle corridor using vntr analysis. | members of the mycobacterium avium complex (mac) cause disease in both human and animals. their ubiquitous nature makes them both successful microbes and difficult to source track. the precise characterization of mac species is a fundamental step in epidemiological studies and evaluating of possible reservoirs. this study aimed at identifying and characterizing mycobacterium avium subsp. hominissuis isolated from human, slaughter cattle and pigs in various parts of the uganda cattle corridor (uc ... | 2014 | 24270015 |
| endobronchial mycobacterium avium infection in an immunocompetent patient. | although mycobacterium avium complex (mac) is the most common pathogen in nontuberculous mycobacterial (ntm) pulmonary diseases, endobronchial lesions caused by mac infections are very rare even in an immunocompromised host. herein, we describe the case of a 59-year-old, hiv-negative and non-immunocompromised woman who developed multifocal pulmonary infiltrations with endobronchial lesion caused by m. avium. bronchoscopic examination revealed white- and yellow-colored irregular mucosal lesions i ... | 2013 | 24265956 |
| proposed definitions for epidemiologic and clinical studies of mycobacterium avium complex pulmonary disease. | epidemiologic and clinical studies of mycobacterium avium complex (mac) pulmonary disease typically use strict ats/idsa definitions designed for decisions about treatment. studies based on these criteria may exclude a substantial number of patients with true disease. we reviewed patients treated for mac pulmonary disease at an academic medical center to propose revised definitions encompass the full spectrum of mac pulmonary disease. | 2013 | 24265675 |
| sero-diagnosis of mycobacterium avium complex lung disease using serum immunoglobulin a antibody against glycopeptidolipid antigen in taiwan. | lung disease (ld) due to non-tuberculous mycobacteria is an important clinical concern. mycobacterium avium complex (mac) is one of the most common causative agents but the diagnosis of mac-ld remains challenging. detection of serum iga antibody against mac glycopeptidolipid (gpl) has recently been shown to improve the diagnosis of mac-ld, but has yet to be validated worldwide. | 2013 | 24260398 |
| endobronchial avium mycobacteria infection in an immunocompetent child. | a 12-month-old boy, with no medical history, was admitted for dyspnoea with no cough or fever. chest auscultation revealed an expiratory wheezing with decreased right-sided breath sounds. chest imaging revealed subcarinal adenopathy and a nodule in the right principal bronchus (rb). bronchoscopy showed a major obstruction of the rb by a granuloma, and a smaller granuloma in the left principal bronchus. the granulation tissue was removed by laser section. histological examination revealed a necro ... | 2013 | 24252838 |
| association between polyclonal and mixed mycobacterial mycobacterium avium complex infection and environmental exposure. | polyclonal and mixed mycobacterial mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infection is observed in pulmonary mac disease. human living environments contain multiple species or genotypes of nontuberculous mycobacterial strains and are considered sources of infection. | 2014 | 24251904 |
| lack of adherence to evidence-based treatment guidelines for nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease. | the 2007 american thoracic society (ats) and infectious diseases society of america (idsa) recommend that patients with pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacterial (pntm) disease caused by mycobacterium avium complex (mac) or m. abscessus be treated with a macrolide-based multidrug antibiotic regimen until sputum culture negative for 1 year. after 6 years, the degree of adherence to recommended guidelines among physicians remains unknown. | 2014 | 24236749 |
| spectrums of opportunistic infections and malignancies in hiv-infected patients in tertiary care hospital, china. | hiv-related opportunistic infections (ois) and malignancies continued to cause morbidity and mortality in chinese hiv-infected individuals. the objective for this study is to elucidate the prevalence and spectrums of ois and malignancies in hiv-infected patients in the beijing ditan hospital. | 2013 | 24204583 |
| serial ct findings of nodular bronchiectatic mycobacterium avium complex pulmonary disease with antibiotic treatment. | the objective of our study was to analyze the serial ct findings of patients with the nodular bronchiectatic form of mycobacterium avium complex (mac) pulmonary disease treated with antibiotic therapy. | 2013 | 24059365 |
| molecular analysis of mycobacteria isolated in mexican patients with different immunodeficiencies in a tertiary care hospital. | the prevalence of infections with mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) and non-tuberculous mycobacteria (ntm) species in patients with immunodeficiencies in mexico is unknown. the aim of this study was to identify, at the molecular level, the mycobacterial species most frequently affecting patients with immunodeficiencies and evaluate the genotypic diversity of mtb complex strains. | 2013 | 24054995 |
| hypersensitivity reaction and tolerance induction to ethambutol. | tuberculosis remains the leading cause of death worldwide from any infectious agent and the alarming increase in the annual incidence of new cases has been described as a global emergency. mycobacterium infection requires simultaneous administration of multiple drugs. although the majority of treatment courses progress with minor side effects, adverse reactions to antituberculosis drugs occur in about 5% of treated patients and can be responsible for cessation or switching the therapy. both noni ... | 2013 | 23983702 |
| treatment outcomes for mycobacterium avium complex: a systematic review and meta-analysis. | to evaluate the existing evidence regarding treatment regimens for mycobacterium avium complex (mac), a systematic review of the available therapeutic studies was conducted to assess treatment outcomes. a random-effects meta-analysis was used to assess treatment outcomes. subgroup analyses were also conducted by separating studies based on each characteristic independently. twenty-eight trials met the inclusion criteria. our meta-analysis showed that the estimated pooled treatment success rate f ... | 2014 | 23979729 |
| virulence and immune response induced by mycobacterium avium complex strains in a model of progressive pulmonary tuberculosis and subcutaneous infection in balb/c mice. | the genus mycobacterium comprises more than 150 species, including important pathogens for humans which cause major public health problems. the vast majority of efforts to understand the genus have been addressed in studies with mycobacterium tuberculosis. the biological differentiation between m. tuberculosis and nontuberculous mycobacteria (ntm) is important because there are distinctions in the sources of infection, treatments, and the course of disease. likewise, the importance of studying n ... | 2013 | 23959717 |
| nodular bronchiectatic mycobacterium avium complex pulmonary disease. natural course on serial computed tomographic scans. | existing literature is inconclusive regarding how the nodular bronchiectatic form of mycobacterium avium complex (mac) disease will progress without treatment and when treatment initiation should be considered. | 2013 | 23952847 |
| epidemiology of nontuberculous mycobacterial infections and associated chronic macrolide use among persons with cystic fibrosis. | persons with cystic fibrosis (cf) are at high risk of nontuberculous mycobacterial (ntm) infection, with treatment requiring prolonged multidrug regimens that include macrolides. although macrolides, specifically azithromycin, are used in the management of patients with cf with chronic pseudomonas, macrolide-resistant ntm infections are of growing concern. | 2013 | 23927602 |
| [a case of lung disease and spondylitis due to mycobacterium intracellulare in a immunocompetent patient]. | a 73-year-old immunocompetent woman was diagnosed with pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacterial (ntm) infection and followed up without treatment. she developed lumbago and consulted a physician. spinal magnetic resonance imaging (mri) indicated pyogenic spondylitis and she was admitted to the orthopedics department at our hospital 4 months after developing lumbago. spinal mri on admission revealed spondylitis in l5/s1 and thus antibiotic agents were administered. however, the antibiotics were ine ... | 2013 | 23898496 |
| nontuberculous mycobacterium infections in rheumatoid arthritis patients: the serodiagnosis of pulmonary disease due to mycobacterium avium complex with an enzyme immunoassay kit detecting glycopeptidolipid core antigen (capilia mac antibody elisa)®. | nontuberculous mycobacteria (ntm) are ubiquitous environmental organisms that can cause various diseases, including pulmonary disease (pd). in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (ra), numerous pulmonary manifestations, including bronchiectasis, may develop into mycobacterium avium-complex (mac)-pd, which can be lethal in patients who are being treated with a tumor necrosis factor-alpha blocker. however, the bronchiectasis associated with ntm-pd is difficult to distinguish from that associated wi ... | 2013 | 25409670 |
| non-tuberculous mycobacterial disease is common in patients with non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis. | non-tuberculous mycobacteria (ntm) are ubiquitous environmental organisms. cystic fibrosis (cf) patients are susceptible to ntm, but data about ntm in patients with non-cf bronchiectasis are limited. | 2013 | 23683809 |
| [strategies for mycobacterium avium complex infection control in japan: how do they improve the present situation?]. | mycobacterium avium complex (mac) were the most frequently isolated (about 80%) and most common cause of lung nontuberculosis. its rate of infection is globally increasing, especially in japan. in this situation, it is urgently needed to provide scientific evidences and develop therapeutic interventions in mac infections. recently, more and more patients are elderly women with no history of smoking, and they have reticulonodular infiltrates and patchy bilateral bronchiectasis. however the progno ... | 2013 | 23672176 |
| interventions for the prevention of mycobacterium avium complex in adults and children with hiv. | mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infection is a common complication of advanced acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) disease and is an independent predictor of mortality and shortened survival. | 2013 | 23633339 |
| the geographic diversity of nontuberculous mycobacteria isolated from pulmonary samples: an ntm-net collaborative study. | a significant knowledge gap exists concerning the geographical distribution of nontuberculous mycobacteria (ntm) isolation worldwide. to provide a snapshot of ntm species distribution, global partners in the ntm-network european trials group (net) framework (www.ntm-net.org), a branch of the tuberculosis network european trials group (tb-net), provided identification results of the total number of patients in 2008 in whom ntm were isolated from pulmonary samples. from these data, we visualised t ... | 2013 | 23598956 |
| hypersensitivity pneumonitis with mycobacterium avium complex among spa workers. | the new mexico department of health (nmdoh) investigated the cause of two cases of hypersensitivity pneumonitis (hp) in spa maintenance workers with laboratory confirmed mycobacterium avium complex (mac). the investigation occurred in tandem with worker protection and swimming pool regulatory investigations by the new mexico environment department at the spa where the workers were employed. | 2013 | 23582615 |
| absence of mycobacterium intracellulare and presence of mycobacterium chimaera in household water and biofilm samples of patients in the united states with mycobacterium avium complex respiratory disease. | recent studies have shown that respiratory isolates from pulmonary disease patients and household water/biofilm isolates of mycobacterium avium could be matched by dna fingerprinting. to determine if this is true for mycobacterium intracellulare, household water sources for 36 patients with mycobacterium avium complex (mac) lung disease were evaluated. mac household water isolates from three published studies that included 37 additional mac respiratory disease patients were also evaluated. speci ... | 2013 | 23536397 |