| comparison of serological tests for the diagnosis of chlamydia psittaci infection of sheep. | an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was developed and compared with the complement fixation test (cft) and the indirect immunofluorescence antibody test (iifat) for the detection of antibodies to c. psittaci in sheep. field sera and experimental sera from aborting ewes, subclinically infected sheep and vaccinated sheep were used. the elisa and iifat were much more sensitive than the cft. agreement between the cft and elisa varied between 50% and 98%, while agreement between the iifat an ... | 1993 | 8273271 |
| evidence for chlamydia pneumoniae of non-human origin. | this paper describes the characterization and taxonomic status of n16, a chlamydial isolate from the respiratory tract of a horse. n16 contains plasmid dna, has normal elementary body morphology and its inclusions do not stain with iodine. its major outer-membrane protein (momp) gene was completely sequenced and compared with the momp genes of chlamydia pneumoniae, c. psittaci, c. trachomatis and c. pecorum. this analysis revealed that n16 is closely related to the twar strain of c. pneumoniae ( ... | 1993 | 8277245 |
| seroprevalence of chlamydia pneumoniae in taiwan. | chlamydia pneumoniae (twar) is a relatively newly discovered respiratory tract pathogen which was first isolated in taiwan. in order to describe the seroepidemiology of c. pneumoniae in taiwan, we evaluated 1,085 stored serum samples: 904 from patients, 97 from umbilical cord blood samples, and 84 from medical personnel at the veterans general hospital-kaohsiung, between january 1 and april 30, 1991. antibodies were determined by the use of a microimmunofluorescence test using elementary bodies ... | 1993 | 8284640 |
| endometritis in cattle experimentally induced by chlamydia psittaci. | on the day of estrus, eight virgin heifers received intrauterine inoculations of yolk sac propagated chlamydia psittaci strain bovend 11/88 isolated from the uterus of a slaughter cow. all heifers developed purulent vaginal discharge which persisted for 3 to 7 weeks. chlamydiae or chlamydial antigen were detected in vaginal and uterine discharges of infected animals by culture or capture elisa, while other bacterial pathogens were not found. in sera of the chlamydia-infected heifers marked incre ... | 1993 | 8284957 |
| isolation of chlamydia psittaci from a chicken egg: evidence of egg transmission. | | 1993 | 8284958 |
| pneumonia due to chlamydia pneumoniae strain twar. | | 1993 | 8286642 |
| chlamydia pneumoniae infections. | | 1993 | 8292109 |
| [application of pcr for isolation of chlamydia pneumoniae]. | chlamydia pneumoniae was isolated from the throat swab of a 5-year-old girl with acute bronchitis. the titers of igm and igg antibodies to c. pneumoniae in the serum were 1:20 and 1:2560, respectively. c. pneumoniae genome was detected by polymerase chain reaction in the throat swab and the infected cells after three passages, while c. pneumoniae was isolated from the throat swab after five passages by cell culture. pcr is considered to be a helpful method to isolate c. pneumoniae efficiently in ... | 1993 | 8294763 |
| comparison of type i and type ii chlamydia psittaci strains infecting koalas (phascolarctos cinereus). | the native australian marsupial phascolarctos cinereus, otherwise known as the koala, is prone to infection by the obligate intracellular parasite chlamydia psittaci, which causes ocular 'pink eye' and urogenital 'dirty tail' diseases. several chlamydial dna probes to both chromosomal and plasmid sequences were used to type by southern blot analysis 51 samples taken from wild and captive koalas from habitats on the eastern seaboard of australia as far apart as queensland and victoria. two types ... | 1993 | 8296453 |
| typing chlamydia psittaci--a review of methods and recent findings. | when the present chlamydial classification was established it was recognized that a wide variety of types were contained within the arbitrary designation chlamydia psittaci. early workers relied mostly on observations of growth characteristics to differentiate the types of c. psittaci isolated from a wide range of different hosts. the differences between isolates were confirmed serologically using a variety of tests of which the most sensitive was the micro-immunofluorescence (mif) test which wa ... | 1993 | 8298958 |
| chlamydia pneumoniae seroprevalence in immunocompetent and immunocompromised populations in milan. | chlamydia pneumoniae is drawing increasing attention as an agent of respiratory tract infection. specific antibody prevalence in western countries is low in preschool children and reaches more than 50% in adults. however, little is known about the prevalence of this infection in immunocompromised subjects such as hiv-i infected patients. the aim of this study was to evaluate the seroprevalence of chl pneumoniae in immunocompetent and immunocompromised (hiv-1 infected) paediatric and adult popula ... | 1993 | 8303635 |
| comparison of serological tests for the detection of antibodies against chlamydia trachomatis and chlamydia pneumoniae in rheumatological patients. | in cases of reactive arthritis, a suspected chlamydia trachomatis infection is often detected by serological methods. however, mostly tests with genus-specific antigens are used, neglecting the fact that antibodies against chlamydia pneumoniae are highly prevalent in the adult population. therefore we tested sera of 129 patients with various rheumatological disorders and of 18 healthy persons in parallel with a genus-specific test (ipazyme) and with the species-specific microimmunofluorescence t ... | 1993 | 8305809 |
| reaction rate in cats vaccinated with a new controlled-titer feline panleukopenia-rhinotracheitis-calicivirus-chlamydia psittaci vaccine. | the safety profile of a new controlled-titer feline panleukopenia-rhinotracheitis-calicivirus-chlamydia psittaci vaccine was compared to that of a currently-marketed vaccine. of particular interest were delayed reactions (previously unreported in the literature in felines) occurring 7 to 21 days after vaccination, and the effect of concurrent vaccinations and cat age on the delayed reaction rate. nineteen hundred twenty-four doses of the new vaccine and 364 doses of the comparison vaccine were a ... | 1993 | 8306654 |
| evaluation of serological methods in the diagnosis of chlamydia pneumoniae pneumonia during an epidemic in finland. | a complement fixation (cf) test, a micro-immunofluorescence (micro-if) test and an enzyme immunoassay (eia) using re-lipopolysaccharide as antigen were compared in the diagnosis of chlamydial infection in 136 mainly elderly patients hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia during a chlamydia pneumoniae epidemic in finland in 1986-1987. chlamydial pneumonia was diagnosed in 58 (42.6%) of the 136 pneumonia patients; 44 (75.9%) of them could be shown by micro-if to be caused by chlamydia pneu ... | 1993 | 8307044 |
| compendium of chlamydiosis (psittacosis) control, 1994. national association of state public health veterinarians inc. | | 1993 | 8307816 |
| experimental infection of chlamydia pneumoniae in mice. | nih/s, swiss webster, and balb/c mice were infected intranasally with three chlamydia pneumoniae isolates, kajaani 6, helsinki 12, and tw-183. c. pneumoniae could be isolated from the lung homogenates and bronchoalveolar lavage fluids up to the third week post-infection. specific serum igg antibodies against c. pneumoniae reached high levels in the third week and remained elevated until the end of the 6-week follow-up period. serum igm levels were highest in the third week post-infection and sta ... | 1993 | 8309355 |
| [detection of chlamydia pneumoniae by polymerase chain reaction]. | we aimed at developing a method for early detection of chlamydia pneumoniae (c. pneumoniae) from clinical specimens. for this purpose, we amplified c. pneumoniae-specific dna fragments by polymerase chain reaction. a pair of 24 mer of oligonucleotides which were complementary to the sequences within the region encoding the major outer membrane were synthesized and used as primers. as the results, all three standard strains of c. pneumoniae (ar-39, tw-183 and ar-388) were identified by the detect ... | 1993 | 8315297 |
| [chlamydia]. | | 1993 | 8317038 |
| [chlamydia pneumoniae]. | chlamydia are obligate intracellular bacteria with a biphasic life cycle. in 1986 a new species of chlamydiae, chlamydia psittaci twar was discovered, later named chlamydia pneumoniae. c. pneumoniae is probably an important pathogen causing respiratory tract infections in man, ranging from subclinical infection to life threatening pneumonia. infections can occur in epidemics. furthermore, associations between c. pneumoniae infection and coronary artery disease, lethal myocarditis and sarcoidosis ... | 1993 | 8317039 |
| antigenic analysis of chlamydia pecorum and mammalian chlamydia psittaci by use of monoclonal antibodies to the major outer membrane protein and a 56- to 64-kd protein. | monoclonal antibodies were prepared against 40- and 56- to 64-kd antigens of chlamydia pecorum strain maeda, which was isolated from a cow with pneumonia. using the monoclonal antibodies, 5 strains of c pecorum, 25 strains of mammalian and 19 strains of avian c psittaci, 1 strain of c pneumoniae, and 3 strains of c trachomatis were analyzed for immunologic reactivity by use of the indirect immunofluorescent test. monoclonal antibody analysis revealed immunologic relatedness between c pecorum and ... | 1993 | 8317762 |
| identification by western blots of virulence specific antigens of chlamydia psittaci isolated from ewes. | specific antigens of virulent strains of chlamydia psittaci isolated from ruminants were characterized by western blotting. the immunoblot analyses were performed with chlamydial elementary bodies from abortive (ab7 strain) or intestinal (ib1 strain) chlamydiae using mouse and rabbit immune sera raised against viable chlamydiae or proteic extracts. eleven antigens were found to be ab7-specific, but only 4 (96, 90, 88 and 49-50 kda) were recognized by both mouse and rabbit sera against viable ab7 ... | 1993 | 8319009 |
| [intestinal chlamydia psittaci infection of cattle: frequency and technical aspects of the cultural detection of the agent]. | with the purpose to evaluate the prevalence of latent chlamydial infections in cattle, 190 animals were examined for fecal shedding of chlamydiae. from the feces of 42 animals (22.1%) chlamydia (c.) psittaci was grown either in the yolk sac of chicken embryos and/or in coverslip cultures of bgm-cells. the cell culture proved to be of lower susceptibility to chlamydial infections. in comparison with the chicken egg technique a sixfold quantity of chlamydial particles was required to initiate dete ... | 1993 | 8319548 |
| a seroepidemiologic study of chlamydia pneumoniae in rhode island. evidence of serologic cross-reactivity. | although chlamydia pneumoniae is considered a common cause of pneumonia worldwide, the evidence is mainly serologic. therefore, we examined whether the currently used chlamydial microimmunofluorescence (mif) antibody test is specific for c pneumoniae infection. | 1993 | 8325072 |
| regional variation in ischemic heart disease: a possible missing risk factor? | | 1993 | 8326354 |
| [study of cell populations of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in patients with pneumonia due to chlamydia psittaci and mycoplasma pneumoniae]. | we have performed bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) examination in 27 cases; 5 with chlamydial pneumonia, 7 with mycoplasmal pneumonia and 15 in the control group (5 non-smokers, 10 smokers), and the following results were obtained. 1. in chlamydial pneumonia and mycoplasmal pneumonia, the cell population of alveolar macrophages in balf decreased (p < 0.01) and that of lymphocytes increased compared with control group (p < 0.01). 2. in all cases of mycoplasmal pneumonia without peripheral eosinophili ... | 1993 | 8331841 |
| pyrimidine metabolism by intracellular chlamydia psittaci. | pyrimidine metabolism was studied in the obligate intracellular bacterium chlamydia psittaci aa mp in the wild type and a variety of mutant host cell lines with well-defined mutations affecting pyrimidine metabolism. c. psittaci aa mp cannot synthesize pyrimidines de novo, as assessed by its inability to incorporate aspartic acid into nucleic acid pyrimidines. in addition, the parasite cannot take utp, ctp, or dctp from the host cell, nor can it salvage exogenously supplied uridine, cytidine, or ... | 1993 | 8335624 |
| purine metabolism by intracellular chlamydia psittaci. | purine metabolism was studied in the obligate intracellular bacterium chlamydia psittaci aa mp in the wild type and a variety of mutant host cell lines with well-defined deficiencies in purine metabolism. c. psittaci aa mp cannot synthesize purines de novo, as assessed by its inability to incorporate exogenous glycine into nucleic acid purines. c. psittaci aa mp can take atp and gtp, but not datp or dgtp, directly from the host cell. exogenous hypoxanthine and inosine were not utilized by the pa ... | 1993 | 8335625 |
| transmission of chlamydia pneumoniae. | to investigate the transmission of chlamydia pneumoniae via hands and environmental surfaces, its survival on various surfaces was studied. the organism remained viable on formica countertops for 30 h and in tissue paper for 12 h. measurable quantities of chlamydiae were transferred from these environmental surfaces to hands. however, titers were low and survival time on hands was limited to 10-15 min. c. pneumoniae survived small particle aerosolization well and was infectious to mice by both d ... | 1993 | 8335994 |
| [polypeptide profiles of chlamydia pneumoniae strains isolated from japan and western blot analysis using patients' sera]. | polypeptide profiles were compared among chlamydia pneumoniae strain of ac-43, which was isolated from a japanese child, and other strains of c. pneumoniae. there was no distinctive differences among these strains. all strains showed marked band on 39.5 kda area, which is equivalent with the major outer membrane protein (momp). patients infected with c. pneumoniae were analyzed by western blot using ac-43. reaction for 98, 68, 60 kda proteins were recognized among sera which showed positive resu ... | 1993 | 8336008 |
| [a report of 4 cases from whom chlamydia pneumoniae was isolated]. | chlamydia pneumoniae (c. pneumoniae) was isolated from respiratory tract of 4 girls. case 1 is 5-year-old, diagnosed as pneumonia, had had a prolonged productive cough. she was treated with rkm with improvement of symptoms, however, c. pneumoniae was isolated repeatedly and was not deleted. neither anti-mycoplasmal nor viral antibodies were positive and no significant pathogens were cultured from nasophrayngeal swabs. case 2, the sister of case 1, is a 3-year-old girl with acute bronchitis treat ... | 1993 | 8336014 |
| another possible risk factor for airway disease. | | 1993 | 8339677 |
| chlamydiosis in workers at a duck farm and processing plant. | an outbreak of chlamydiosis was investigated in workers at a duck farm and processing plant during winter 1989. chlamydia psittaci was isolated from ducks, but there was little evidence of clinical chlamydiosis in the ducks. serological tests showed that 76% of workers had been exposed to infection, 12% recently, 16% had not been exposed and 8% had inconclusive test results. there was a strong association (p < 0.05) between years of employment and exposure to infection. infection appeared to be ... | 1993 | 8343087 |
| chlamydial respiratory infections. don't get bogged down by differentiating species. | | 1993 | 8343691 |
| [the occurrence of chlamydia psittaci infections in raptors from wildlife preserves]. | 152 free-living raptors found in the area around munich, germany, were investigated for possible chlamydia psittaci infections. chlamydia psittaci was detected in 13.2% of these birds of prey (strigiformes, falconiformes and accipitriformes) by examination of cloacal swabs with an antigen elisa (ideia chlamydia test kit). chlamydia psittaci antibodies could be demonstrated in 85.1% of 121 birds by a chlamydia antibody elisa (chlamydia-psittaci-ak-eia). 29.7% of the samples investigated were posi ... | 1993 | 8346524 |
| phylogenetic relationship of chlamydia pneumoniae to chlamydia psittaci and chlamydia trachomatis as determined by analysis of 16s ribosomal dna sequences. | the 16s ribosomal dna sequence of chlamydia pneumoniae was determined and compared with the corresponding gene sequences of chlamydia psittaci and chlamydia trachomatis. c. pneumoniae has been reported to exhibit little chromosomal dna homology with the other chlamydial species, and its phylogenetic relationships within the genus chlamydia have not been described. a polymerase chain reaction was employed to determine the 16s rrna gene sequence of c. pneumoniae. ten primers from the c. psittaci s ... | 1993 | 8347519 |
| chlamydia species and mycoplasma species in recurrent tonsillitis. | | 1993 | 8357589 |
| chlamydia psittaci infection and associated infertility in sheep. | nineteen ewes were injected subcutaneously with the agent of enzootic ovine abortion, chlamydia psittaci serovar 1, at 50 days gestation. placental and fetal tissues were examined at 15 days postinfection and thereafter at ten day intervals. placental infection was detected at 15 days postinfection. only postinoculation sera collected from postinfected ewes contained antibodies reactive to c. psittaci. five (26%) chlamydial infected ewes experienced inapparent fetal loss before day 105 of gestat ... | 1993 | 8358679 |
| comparison of ovine abortion and non-abortion isolates of chlamydia psittaci using inclusion morphology, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, restriction endonuclease analysis and reactivity with monoclonal antibodies. | twelve reference and four northern ireland ovine chlamydia psittaci isolates including ovine abortion, faecal, conjunctivitis and arthritis isolates were compared. inclusion morphology was shown to provide a useful means of differentiating the abortion and the non-abortion isolates studied. identical sds-page polypeptide profiles were produced by the ovine abortion isolates. the polypeptide profiles of the non-abortion isolates were similar to one another and clearly distinct from the abortion i ... | 1993 | 8362494 |
| antibody prevalence and isolation of chlamydia psittaci from pigeons (columba livia). | the isolation of chlamydia psittaci and serological detection of chlamydia-specific antibodies in racing pigeons and pigeons from public parks is described. several serological methods (complement fixation test, indirect microimmunofluorescence test, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) were compared with bacteriological techniques (isolation both in embryonated eggs and mccoy cell monolayers). tests confirmed that 28.6%, 33.5%, and 35.9% of the pigeons, respectively, were seropositive by the ... | 1993 | 8363515 |
| influence of temperature and relative humidity on the survival of chlamydia pneumoniae in aerosols. | the survival of chlamydia pneumoniae in aerosols was investigated by using a chamber with a capacity of 114.5 liters. we injected 5 x 10(7) inclusion-forming units (ifu) of c. pneumoniae in aerosols with a droplet size of 3 to 5 microns. samples were taken after 30 s and every 1 min thereafter. the survival of c. pneumoniae was measured at four temperatures (8.5, 15, 25, and 35 degrees c) and at three different relative humidities (rh) of 5, 50, and 95% for each temperature. the survival rates o ... | 1993 | 8368846 |
| serological response to chlamydia pneumoniae in adults with coronary arterial fatty streaks and fibrolipid plaques. | the antigen-specific serological response to chlamydia pneumoniae was studied in 45 adults with coronary artery atherosclerosis and compared with that in 40 adults with acute respiratory infection. c. pneumoniae antigen and dna were detected in lesions more frequently in patients with low immunoglobulin g titers against c. pneumoniae than in those with high immunoglobulin g titers. reactivities with the 42-kda (46%) and 52-kda (31%) proteins were observed more frequently in sera from seropositiv ... | 1993 | 8370753 |
| prevalence of antibodies to chlamydia pneumoniae twar in a group of german medical students. | prevalence of antibodies to chlamydia pneumoniae twar in germany has not been previously evaluated. therefore a healthy adult population of 353 german medical students (mean age 24 years) was examined with a species-specific microimmunofluorescence test for igg, igm and iga antibodies to c. pneumoniae and in parallel to chlamydia trachomatis. altogether, 229 persons had igg antibodies to c. pneumoniae (64.9%), 136 had iga antibodies (38.5%), while the serum of only one contained specific igm. pr ... | 1993 | 8370954 |
| the in-vitro activity of opc-17116, a new 5-methyl substituted quinolone. | the in-vitro activity of the new 5-methylated fluoroquinolone opc-17116 was compared with that of other fluoroquinolines and beta-lactams against a total of 690 bacterial strains. with the exception of klebsiella and serratia spp., 90% of the enterobacteriaceae were inhibited by 0.25 mg/l. opc-17116 inhibited 90% of serratia spp. at 8 mg/l and klebsiella spp. at 4 mg/l. moraxella catarrhalis and haemophilus influenzae were highly susceptible (mic90 < or = 0.03 mg/l). pseudomonas aeruginosa were ... | 1993 | 8390433 |
| outer membrane complex proteins of chlamydia pneumoniae. | the protein composition of the outer membrane complex (omc) of chlamydia pneumoniae strain ar-39 was analyzed by metabolic labeling with [35s]methionine and [35s]cysteine. cysteine-rich proteins with molecular masses of 98, 60 doublet, 39.5 (momp) and 15.5 kda were found in the omc of c. pneumoniae. the cysteine-rich proteins of the omcs of the three chlamydia species showed specific reaction patterns by immunoassay and autoradiography to rabbit or turkey immune sera. recognition of the momp and ... | 1993 | 8405962 |
| diversity in the chlamydia trachomatis histone homologue hc2. | chlamydia trachomatis elementary bodies contain two developmentally expressed histone h1 homologues. an 18-kda histone homologue, hc1, is conserved among c. trachomatis serovars and c. psittaci. the other histone homologue, hc2 (encoded by hctb), varies in size between c. trachomatis serovars but is present in reduced amounts or absent from c. psittaci. the variation in hc2 size among c. trachomatis serovars was found to be due to internal deletions from a region of the hctb gene encoding lysine ... | 1993 | 8406036 |
| serologic tests for chlamydia pneumoniae. | | 1993 | 8414816 |
| serotyping of european isolates of chlamydia psittaci from poultry and other birds. | a panel of five serovar-specific monoclonal antibodies which distinguish the five known avian serovars of chlamydia psittaci was used to serotype 45 european avian chlamydia psittaci isolates. chlamydial antigen was grown in buffalo green monkey (bgm) cells or in embryonated chicken eggs and was then inoculated into bgm cells. serotyping was performed in an indirect immunofluorescence test. the 45 european isolates included 22 isolates from the order psittaciformes, 9 isolates from the order col ... | 1993 | 8417017 |
| structures of and allelic diversity and relationships among the major outer membrane protein (ompa) genes of the four chlamydial species. | dna sequences coding for 81% of the ompa gene from 24 chlamydial strains, representing all chlamydial species, were determined from dna amplified by polymerase chain reactions. chlamydial strains of serovars and strains with similar chromosomal restriction fragment length polymorphism had identical ompa dna sequences. the ompa sequences were segregated into 23 different ompa alleles and aligned with each other, and phylogenetic relationships among them were inferred by neighbor-joining and maxim ... | 1993 | 8419295 |
| persistence of chlamydia complement-fixation antibody after an outbreak of psittacosis. | | 1993 | 8421194 |
| chlamydia pneumoniae infection in acute exacerbations of copd. | chlamydia pneumoniae, strain twar, is a frequent causative agent of acute respiratory disease. we assessed the incidence and prevalence of chlamydia pneumoniae infections in copd. we studied, from january 1990 to may 1991, 142 out-patients with acute purulent exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) and 114 healthy control subjects. oropharyngeal swab specimens were collected at each exacerbation and analysed using a high definition monoclonal indirect fluorescent antibody t ... | 1993 | 8425589 |
| relevance of chlamydia pneumoniae in community-acquired respiratory infections. | | 1993 | 8425598 |
| origin of hep-2 cells used for culture of chlamydiae. | | 1993 | 8432842 |
| pneumonia, myocarditis and reactive arthritis due to chlamydia pneumoniae. | a 37 year old hla b27 negative man developed erythema nodosum, pneumonia, myocarditis and oligoarthritis due to chlamydia pneumoniae. he recovered completely over a four month period. this is the first clinical description of reactive arthritis caused by c. pneumoniae. | 1993 | 8434247 |
| chlamydia pneumoniae. | | 1993 | 8434345 |
| recurrent tonsillitis: the role of chlamydia and mycoplasma. | | 1993 | 8435179 |
| aviators have been grounded due to the development of asthma. | | 1993 | 8447811 |
| demonstration of chlamydia pneumoniae in atherosclerotic lesions of coronary arteries. | chlamydia pneumoniae is a human respiratory pathogen that causes acute respiratory disease and approximately 10% of community-acquired pneumonia. the infections are geographically widespread. antibody prevalence studies have shown that virtually everyone is infected with the c. pneumoniae organisms at some time and that reinfection is common. in addition to respiratory disease, seroepidemiologic studies have shown an association of this organism with coronary artery disease. c. pneumoniae was de ... | 1993 | 8450249 |
| differentiation of abortion-inducing and intestinal strains of chlamydia psittaci isolated from ruminants by the microimmunofluorescence test. | forty-two isolates of chlamydia psittaci from ruminants, principally from cases of abortion (21 strains) and from subclinical intestinal infections (13 strains), were serotyped by an indirect microimmunofluorescence test. the strains could be divided into the previously described serotypes 1 and 2. strains causing abortion and intestinal strains belonged to two different serotypes: the abortion-inducing strains were mostly in serotype 1 whereas the intestinal strains were mostly in serotype 2. a ... | 1993 | 8451814 |
| immunoblots of outer-membrane proteins of chlamydiae with sera from turkeys experimentally exposed to avian and mammalian chlamydia psittaci. | outer-membrane protein (omp)-enriched preparations from avian (turkey/tt3 and parrot/vs1) and mammalian (sheep abortion/b577) strains of chlamydia psittaci were compared by immunoblotting using sera from turkeys exposed to these strains. turkeys inoculated with avian chlamydiae became infected and developed strong serological responses, but turkeys inoculated with b577 failed to develop detectable serological responses. sera from turkeys exposed to either of the two avian strains could be differ ... | 1993 | 8452492 |
| low-nutrient induction of abnormal chlamydial development: a novel component of chlamydial pathogenesis? | the intracellular development of chlamydiae in mccoy cells incubated in eagle's minimal essential medium lacking all 13 amino acids was examined both by fluorescence and electron microscopy and by infectivity titration. aberrant development occurred in almost all inclusions of strains of chlamydia trachomatis and c. psittaci with the production of abnormal forms which differed in size, shape and internal structure from normal reticulate and elementary body forms. detailed analysis of the respons ... | 1993 | 8454184 |
| [association of chlamydia pneumoniae infection with otitis media with effusion]. | chlamydia pneumoniae has recently been recognized to cause various human respiratory tract diseases, including pharyngitis, bronchitis and pneumonia. the most common pathogens of respiratory tract infections such as streptococcus pneumoniae and haemophilus influenzae are frequently present in middle ear effusions. therefore, it is possible that c. pneumoniae play a role in otitis media with effusion (ome). isolation of c. pneumoniae from middle ear aspirates of ome was performed by the culture m ... | 1993 | 8459307 |
| acute lower respiratory tract infection associated with chlamydia pneumoniae in germany. | serum specimens from 223 patients with acute lower respiratory tract infection were examined for antibodies to chlamydia pneumoniae using the microimmunofluorescence test. antibodies to chlamydia pneumoniae were detected in 18 (20%) of 91 children and 64 (48%) of 132 adults. among those individuals, 4 (4%) children and 15 (11%) adults had elevated igg antibody titres indicating acute or recent infection. specific igm antibodies were observed in two patients. these results suggest that a signific ... | 1993 | 8462558 |
| the epidemic cycle of chlamydia pneumoniae infection in eastern finland, 1972-1987. | the epidemic cycle of chlamydia pneumoniae infection was examined in two areas in eastern finland over a period of 15 years, 1972-87. the c. pneumoniae igg antibody prevalence was determined with 5-year intervals in a random sample of the population aged 25-59 years. the total number of sera studied using immunofluorescence was 2387. in 1972 the antibody prevalence was 57% and it increased to 66% in 1977. over the next 5 years the prevalence decreased to 44% in 1982, but by 1987 it had again inc ... | 1993 | 8472779 |
| [cat flu vaccine with chlamydia psittaci]. | | 1993 | 8475486 |
| a mouse model of chlamydia pneumoniae strain twar pneumonitis. | chlamydia pneumoniae is a common cause of acute respiratory infections in humans. we evaluated mice as experimental animals for c. pneumoniae. intranasal inoculation of swiss webster mice with c. pneumoniae induced a prolonged course of lung infection, as demonstrated by reisolation of organisms from lungs (at 42 days) and persistence of lung pathology (> 60 days). the lung pathology was characterized by patchy interstitial pneumonitis with predominantly polymorphonuclear leukocyte infiltration ... | 1993 | 8478091 |
| cell-mediated immunity to chlamydia pneumoniae measured as lymphocyte blast transformation in vitro. | the purpose of the present study was to analyze chlamydia pneumoniae-induced, antigen-specific, cell-mediated immunity. peripheral blood mononuclear cells of four persons infected with c. pneumoniae kajaani 6 and 17 healthy volunteers were stimulated with antigen composed of whole elementary bodies of c. pneumoniae kajaani 6 (cp-ag). definitive antigen-specific lymphoproliferation (lp) responses were developed after recent infection. the lp responses of healthy people to cp-ag varied considerabl ... | 1993 | 8478110 |
| serological evidence of the three chlamydial species in an aboriginal community in the northern territory. | to determine the pattern of seropositivity to the three species of chlamydia in women and children from a single community. | 1993 | 8479376 |
| [chlamydia pneumoniae--pathogenesis and perspectives]. | chlamydia pneumoniae, a gram-negative bacterium, formerly named twar but identified as a distinct species since 1988, is now considered to be the most common agent of chlamydial infection in scandinavia. c pneumoniae has a different tissue trophism from that of chlamydia trachomatis, since c pneumoniae may infect bronchi and lungs, macrophages, monocytes, and endothelial cells. c pneumoniae, like other chlamydiae, has a slow, intracellular life cycle. an absence of reaction from the host cells, ... | 1993 | 8480296 |
| in vitro transcription in chlamydia psittaci and chlamydia trachomatis. | extracts of chlamydia psittaci and chlamydia trachomatis were used to transcribe molecularly cloned chlamydial genes in vitro. the extracts were prepared by lysing reticulate bodies, obtaining the 10,000 x g centrifugation pellet, and eluting rna polymerase from the pellet by treatment with 2m kcl to yield a fraction designated ss2. some in vitro transcription was initiated from non-chlamydial promoters and a small amount of transcription was from endogenous dna template in ss2. however, optimal ... | 1993 | 8483421 |
| chlamydia pneumoniae-specific circulating immune complexes in patients with chronic coronary heart disease. | an association of chronic chlamydia pneumoniae infection to coronary heart disease has been suggested recently. in a recent study, we demonstrated circulating immune complexes containing chlamydial genus-specific lipopolysaccharide in patients with coronary heart disease. the objective of the present study was to investigate whether c. pneumoniae species-specific immune complexes are present in chronic coronary heart disease. | 1993 | 8484830 |
| chlamydia in atherosclerosis. | | 1993 | 8484831 |
| chlamydia psittaci infection in sheep in northern ireland. | | 1993 | 8488651 |
| identification of an early-stage gene of chlamydia psittaci 6bc. | chlamydiae are parasitic bacteria characterized by a temporally regulated developmental cycle. in the early stage of the cycle, metabolically inert elementary bodies reorganize to dividing reticulate bodies, a process about which little is known. the purpose of this investigation was to identify and clone chlamydial genes that are expressed preferentially during the early stage of the developmental cycle of chlamydia psittaci 6bc. several potential early genes were cloned with highly radioactive ... | 1993 | 8491714 |
| atypical pneumonias. clinical and extrapulmonary features of chlamydia, mycoplasma, and legionella infections. | pneumonias caused by atypical organisms usually have extra-pulmonary features. chlamydial pneumonia often starts with hoarseness and fever, and respiratory tract symptoms may not appear for days. mycoplasmal pneumonia may manifest with ear pain and a nonproductive cough. legionnaires' disease presents with high fevers and central nervous system and gastrointestinal abnormalities. diagnosis of chlamydial infection is accomplished with serologic testing. patients are unresponsive to erythromycin t ... | 1993 | 8493198 |
| in vitro and in vivo antichlamydial activities of newly developed quinolone antimicrobial agents. | the in vitro and in vivo activities of three newly developed quinolone antimicrobial agents (sparfloxacin, tosufloxacin, and opc-17116) were investigated. all three agents showed potent in vitro activities against chlamydia psittaci, c. trachomatis, and c. pneumoniae with mics that ranged from 0.031 to 0.125 micrograms/ml. these values were higher than those of minocycline (0.0075 to 0.015 micrograms/ml) but lower than those of erythromycin (0.25 to 0.5 micrograms/ml) and ofloxacin and ciproflox ... | 1993 | 8494377 |
| detection of chlamydia pneumoniae and chlamydia psittaci in sputum samples by pcr. | to use the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) to detect chlamydia pneumoniae and chlamydia psittaci in sputum samples. | 1993 | 8496387 |
| [chlamydial infections (a review of the literature)]. | | 1993 | 8498045 |
| chlamydial respiratory infections. | | 1993 | 8499846 |
| antibodies to chlamydia species in patients attending a genitourinary clinic and the impact of antibodies to c. pneumoniae and c. psittaci on the sensitivity and the specificity of c. trachomatis serology tests. | in a retrospective study, the prevalence of antibodies to chlamydia trachomatis serovars d to k, c. pneumoniae, and c. psittaci in cases attending a genitourinary clinic was examined. blood samples were collected from 7,002 cases attending the clinic in doncaster, england between may 1983 and may 1990. sera from these samples were tested by a modified microimmunofluorescence test using panels of microdots of egg-grown, purified elementary bodies representing a pool of c. trachomatis d to k, a si ... | 1993 | 8503060 |
| case report: acute postoperative respiratory failure caused by chlamydia pneumoniae and diagnosed by bronchoalveolar lavage. | most chlamydia pneumoniae infections are mild, but 10% develop into pneumonia. c. pneumoniae has been observed in hospital in intubated patients undergoing major surgery or admitted with severe trauma. a patient with squamous cell carcinoma in whom severe pneumonia developed postpneumonectomy and who required mechanical ventilation is presented. the patient was initially treated for nosocomial bacterial pneumonia with the broad spectrum antibiotics ceftazidime, amikacin, and vancomycin. the pati ... | 1993 | 8506900 |
| the morphology of chlamydia pneumoniae. | the morphology of a recently isolated strain of chlamydia pneumoniae, yk-41, was compared by electronmicroscopy with c. pneumoniae twar, chlamydia trachomatis l2/434/bu and chlamydia psittaci cal 10. the results showed that "pear-shaped" morphology was not typical of c. pneumoniae. basic morphological features, such as surface projections and hexagonally arrayed, regular structures in the inside layer of the outer membrane of elementary bodies, were very similar in these strains. the structure o ... | 1993 | 8510134 |
| an unusual manifestation of chlamydia pneumoniae infection: meningitis, hepatitis, iritis and atypical erythema nodosum. | a 37-year-old man was admitted to hospital with fever, muscle tenderness, headache and mild exanthema on the right thigh. during his hospital stay, the headache worsened and aseptic meningitis was diagnosed. a bilateral iritis developed, and the exanthema developed into an atypical erythema nodosum. in liver function tests, pathological results were recorded. vasculitis was suspected but could not be confirmed. all serological tests proved negative except for a fourfold titre rise to chlamydia p ... | 1993 | 8511521 |
| seroepidemiological survey of chlamydial infections in light horses in japan. | to investigate the overall prevalence of chlamydial infections in light (i.e. non-draught) horses in japan, 599 sera obtained from 12 localities in 1991 were tested for complement fixation antibodies. the mean antibody positive rates of the all sera were 15.2% (91/599) and the regional positive rates were higher in honshu (19.1%, 48/251) and kyushu (20.0%, 20/100) than in hokkaido (9.3%, 23/248). in honshu, the highest rate (56.0%, 28/50) was observed in utsunomiya. analysis of the positive rate ... | 1993 | 8513020 |
| diversity in nucleotide acquisition by antigenically similar chlamydia psittaci of avian origin. | two different nucleic acid precursor utilization patterns were obtained for five avian isolates of chlamydia psittaci. three of the isolates behaved in a manner similar to that previously described, showing total dependency on the host cell for ribonucleoside triphosphates and being unable to utilize medium-supplied thymidine. in contrast, the other two isolates were incapable of taking pyrimidine ribonucleotides from the host cell and they could efficiently utilize medium-supplied thymidine. th ... | 1993 | 8514120 |
| lack of allelic polymorphism for the major outer membrane protein gene of the agent of guinea pig inclusion conjunctivitis (chlamydia psittaci). | the major outer membrane protein gene (omp1) was sequenced for each of six chlamydia psittaci (guinea pig inclusion conjunctivitis [gpic]) strains isolated from guinea pigs. five of the isolates were obtained in the united states during the 1960s and 1970s, including the prototype strain isolated by murray in 1962. the other isolate was obtained from a guinea pig in england. the nucleotide sequence of the omp1 gene for each strain was identical. the lack of omp1 allelic polymorphism among gpic i ... | 1993 | 8514416 |
| transmission of antibodies to chlamydia psittaci and coxiella burnetii through eggs and "crop milk" in pigeons. | young semi-domesticated pigeons captured or hatched from eggs gathered in bratislava during 1989-1991 were examined for complement fixing antibodies to chlamydia psittaci and agglutinating antibodies to coxiella burnetii. antibodies to ch. psittaci were present in 76% of birds younger than 24 h, in 47.7% between 1 and 10 days of age and in 12% of nestlings over 10 days old. antibodies to ch. psittaci were also detected in "crop milk" of 4.1% of 1 to 10 day old birds and in 4.5% of specimens olde ... | 1993 | 8519359 |
| significance of chlamydia pneumoniae (twar) in atherosclerotic lesions. | | 1995 | 8521553 |
| chlamydia pneumoniae (twar) in atherosclerosis of the carotid artery. | chlamydia pneumoniae has been demonstrated in atherosclerotic lesions of coronary arteries and aorta. a seroepidemiological study found c pneumoniae-specific antibody more frequently in persons with significant carotid artery wall thickening than in matched control subjects. | 1995 | 8521559 |
| in vitro survival of the bs isolate of chlamydia psittaci (ovis) in ruminal and abomasal contents. | the ability of the pathogenic bs isolate of chlamydia psittaci (ovis) to survive after inoculation into ruminal or abomasal contents, and chlamydial transport medium held at 39 degrees c, was assessed by taking hourly samples which were cultured in mitomycin-treated mccoy cells. the chlamydiae survived for nine hours in the ruminal contents, eight hours in the abomasal contents and for 12 hours in transport medium, when the experiment was concluded. there was a steady decrease in the numbers of ... | 1995 | 8525102 |
| [various new pathogens in pneumonia]. | the table summarizes the many newly recognized agents causing lower respiratory tract infections: gram + cocci, streptococcus agalactiae, enterococci; gram-rods, acinetobacter, aeromonas hydrophila, eikenella corrodens; mycobacterium tuberculosis resistant to multiple drugs, intracellular organisms and viruses. some details are given in four chapters: pneumococci resistant to penicillin g which must be detected and impose new therapeutic strategies; chlamydia pneumoniae with its difficulties for ... | 1995 | 8525335 |
| [an atypical course of chlamydial infection]. | in burdenko main military clinical hospital 113 patients with acute lung inflammations were examined. according to the data of serological tests with application of indirect immunofluorescent reaction an antibody titer (chlamydia pneumoniae) was disclosed in 9 patients (11% from the whole number of 82 patients). by the authors' opinion bizarre and severe course of chlamydia pneumoniae could take place, thus, it is necessary to conduct serological examinations not only during epidemic outbreaks o ... | 1995 | 8533375 |
| atypical pneumonia. extrapulmonary clues guide the way to diagnosis. | in atypical pneumonia, causative organisms are difficult to isolate, so careful clinical assessment is essential in arriving at a working diagnosis. definitive diagnosis through serologic testing is usually retrospective. either a high initial titer or a fourfold or greater rise between the acute and convalescent titer is considered diagnostic in a patient with compatible illness. legionella and mycoplasma organisms may be cultured from respiratory secretions if plated on appropriate culture med ... | 1996 | 8539198 |
| relevance of chlamydia pneumoniae murine pneumonitis model to evaluation of antimicrobial agents. | a mouse model of chlamydia pneumoniae pneumonitis was established in outbred mf1 mice immunosuppressed with cyclophosphamide. following intranasal inoculation with 2.2 x 10(3) inclusion-forming units of c. pneumoniae tw-183 per mouse, chlamydiae were culturable from the lungs for at least 29 days. progressive subacute pneumonitis with perivascular and peribronchial lymphoid cell hyperplasia was observed, and c. pneumoniae organisms were located in consolidated areas of tissue by immunocytochemis ... | 1995 | 8540698 |
| acute interstitial nephritis due to chlamydia psittaci. | | 1995 | 8540880 |
| [serodiagnosis of atypical bacterial respiratory infections]. | since prevalence of antibodies to bacteria causing atypical respiratory infections in israel is as yet unknown, a 5-year antibody prevalence study was performed. seroreactivity to chlamydia pneumoniae (twar), with titers > or = 1:16 by microimmunofluorescence assay (mif) was detected in 725/1305 (55.5%) of patients. 47/1012 ((4.6%) of adult patients had mif results indicating recent infection with twar, (igg titers of > or = 1:512, and/or igm titers of > or = 1:16, and/or seroconversion). antibo ... | 1995 | 8549957 |
| leg problems in turkeys associated with chlamydia psittaci. | | 1995 | 8571513 |
| experimental rabbit models of chlamydia pneumoniae infection. | chlamydia pneumoniae (twar), a common cause of acute respiratory disease in humans, has recently been associated with coronary and aortic atherosclerosis. in this study, we evaluated rabbit models of chlamydial infection to investigate the pathogenesis of c. pneumoniae infection. new zealand white rabbits were inoculated intranasally and intratracheally with c. pneumoniae, strain ar-39, and primary and repeated infection were assessed. after a single inoculation, lung pathology was characterized ... | 1996 | 8579129 |
| [chlamydia pneumoniae infection in patients with pneumonia, bronchitis and acute upper respiratory tract infection in beijing]. | a prospective study for c. pneumoniae infection was conducted in 134 patients with acute respiratory disease and 134 matched patients with other medical reasons from january to may 1994 in beijing. the positive rate of micro-if (mif) igg antibodies was 93% (125/134) and 89% (119/134) respectively (0.1 < p < 0.25) and the geometric mean titers (gmt) were not found to be significant (55.9 +/- 4.2 vs 41.7 +/- 2.8, 0.1 < p < 0.20). ten patients, four (4/30) with pneumonia and six (6/81) with bronchi ... | 1995 | 8582186 |
| failure to detect chlamydia pneumoniae in ear fluids from children with otitis media. | | 1995 | 8584337 |
| [a case of fulminant psittacosis necessitating mechanical ventilation diagnosed by chlamydial isolation form balf]. | a 51-year-old female was admitted with complaints of fever and general fatigue. chest x-ray showed diffuse bilateral fine nodular shadows and infiltrates. complication of hepatic and muscular injury was suspected from increased levels of got, gpt and cpk in the serum. arterial blood gas analysis revealed hypoxemia. because hypoxemia aggravated despite treatment with intravenous minocycline (200 mg/day), corticosteroids and mechanical ventilation were started, and the administration of minocyclin ... | 1995 | 8586893 |