| vervet simian agent sa2. | | 1973 | 4123601 |
| blood groups, red cell enzymes and serum proteins of baboons and vervets. | | 1973 | 4203263 |
| channels of aqueous outflow and related blood vessels. ii. cercopithecus ethiops (ethiopian green or green vervet). | | 1969 | 4974508 |
| the mycoflora of the subhuman primates. 3. the flora of the skin of the baboon, vervet, and gelada in captivity. | | 1967 | 4967528 |
| transient antibodies against homologous hepatic microsomal and mitochondrial antigens in a vervet immunized with standard cholera vaccine. | | 1967 | 4959635 |
| sodium pentobarbital anaesthesia in the south african vervet (cercopithecus pygerythrus). | | 1953 | 13135669 |
| risk perception of vervet monkeys chlorocebus pygerythrus to humans in urban and rural environments. | like other animals, primates respond to predation using behavioural adaptations. hence, they should optimise their escape strategy under the risk of predation, and flee at a distance, referred to as flight initiation distance (fid), when the fitness-related benefits of staying are balanced against the costs of escape. however, there is an absence of fid studies in primates. in this study, we used vervet monkeys chlorocebus pygerythrus, a medium-sized african cercopithecoid, as a model species to ... | 2018 | 29258859 |
| obesity and obesogenic growth are both highly heritable and modified by diet in a nonhuman primate model, the african green monkey (chlorocebus aethiops sabaeus). | in humans, the ontogeny of obesity throughout the life course and the genetics underlying it has been historically difficult to study. we compared, in a non-human primate model, the lifelong growth trajectories of obese and non-obese adults to assess the heritability of and map potential genomic regions implicated in growth and obesity. | 2017 | 29211707 |
| short parietal lobe connections of the human and monkey brain. | the parietal lobe has a unique place in the human brain. anatomically, it is at the crossroad between the frontal, occipital, and temporal lobes, thus providing a middle ground for multimodal sensory integration. functionally, it supports higher cognitive functions that are characteristic of the human species, such as mathematical cognition, semantic and pragmatic aspects of language, and abstract thinking. despite its importance, a comprehensive comparison of human and simian intraparietal netw ... | 2017 | 29157936 |
| direct estimate of the spontaneous germ line mutation rate in african green monkeys. | here, i provide the first direct estimate of the spontaneous mutation rate in an old world monkey, using a seven individual, three-generation pedigree of african green monkeys. eight de novo mutations were identified within ∼1.5 gbp of accessible genome, corresponding to an estimated point mutation rate of 0.94 × 10-8per site per generation, suggesting an effective population size of ∼12000 for the species. this estimation represents a significant improvement in our knowledge of the population g ... | 2017 | 29068052 |
| development of a safer laboratory vervet monkey model for the study of human african trypanosomiasis. | there are three subspecies oftrypanosoma brucei:t. b. gambiense, t. b. rhodesienseandt. b. brucei. the first two are infectious to humans, whilstt. b. bruceiis not. identifying an animal model oft. b. bruceithat mimics human african trypanosomiasis (hat) would enable researchers to study hat without subjecting themselves to undue risks such as accidental infection. | 2014 | 29043174 |
| molecular genetic identification of isolates of the hepatitis a virus (hav) from monkeys at adler primate center. | the aim of this study was to assess prevalence and genetic variability of hepatitis a virus (hav) isolates in monkeys born and kept at adler primate center, as well as in imported animals. | 2018 | 29380396 |
| evolutionary insights from wild vervet genomes. | a new study reports genome-wide variation in 163 vervet monkeys from across their taxonomic and geographic ranges. the analysis suggests a complex history of admixture and identifies signals of repeated evolutionary selection, some of which may be linked to response to simian immunodeficiency virus. | 2017 | 29186128 |
| ancient hybridization and strong adaptation to viruses across african vervet monkey populations. | vervet monkeys are among the most widely distributed nonhuman primates, show considerable phenotypic diversity, and have long been an important biomedical model for a variety of human diseases and in vaccine research. using whole-genome sequencing data from 163 vervets sampled from across africa and the caribbean, we find high diversity within and between taxa and clear evidence that taxonomic divergence was reticulate rather than following a simple branching pattern. a scan for diversifying sel ... | 2017 | 29083404 |
| aedes vector-host olfactory interactions in sylvatic and domestic dengue transmission environments. | interactions between aedes (stegomyia) species and non-human primate (nhp) and human hosts govern the transmission of the pathogens, dengue, zika, yellow fever and chikungunya viruses. little is known about aedes mosquito olfactory interactions with these hosts in the domestic and sylvatic cycles where these viruses circulate. here, we explore how the different host-derived skin odours influence aedes mosquito responses in these two environments. in field assays, we show that the cyclic ketone c ... | 2019 | 31690238 |
| the genome of the endangered dryas monkey provides new insights into the evolutionary history of the vervets. | | 2020 | 32159217 |
| the genome of the endangered dryas monkey provides new insights into the evolutionary history of the vervets. | genomic data can be a powerful tool for inferring ecology, behavior, and conservation needs of highly elusive species, particularly, when other sources of information are hard to come by. here, we focus on the dryas monkey (cercopithecus dryas), an endangered primate endemic to the congo basin with cryptic behavior and possibly <250 remaining adult individuals. using whole-genome sequencing data, we show that the dryas monkey represents a sister lineage to the vervets (chlorocebus sp.) and has d ... | 2020 | 31529046 |
| population genetic structure and evolutionary history of bale monkeys (chlorocebus djamdjamensis) in the southern ethiopian highlands. | species with a restricted geographic distribution, and highly specialized habitat and dietary requirements, are particularly vulnerable to extinction. the bale monkey (chlorocebus djamdjamensis) is a little-known arboreal, bamboo-specialist primate endemic to the southern ethiopian highlands. while most bale monkeys inhabit montane forests dominated by bamboo, some occupy forest fragments where bamboo is much less abundant. we used mitochondrial dna (mtdna) sequences to analyse the genetic struc ... | 2018 | 29986642 |
| navigation strategies in three nocturnal lemur species: diet predicts heuristic use and degree of exploratory behavior. | humans generally solve multi-destination routes with simple rules-of-thumb. animals may do the same, but strong evidence is limited to a few species. we examined whether strepsirrhines, who diverged from haplorhines more than 58 mya, would demonstrate the use of three heuristics used by humans and supported in vervets, the nearest neighbor rule, the convex hull, and a cluster strategy, when solving a multi-destination route. we hypothesized that the evolution of these strategies may depend on a ... | 2019 | 30758804 |
| behavioural patterns of vocal greeting production in four primate species. | social animals have evolved a range of signals to avoid aggressive and facilitate affiliative interactions. vocal behaviour is especially important in this respect with many species, including various primates, producing acoustically distinct 'greeting calls' when two individuals approach each other. while the ultimate function of greeting calls has been explored in several species, little effort has been made to understand the mechanisms of this behaviour across species. the aim of this study w ... | 2019 | 31183141 |
| aberrant expression of cell cycle regulator 14-3-3-σ and e-cadherin in a metastatic cholangiocarcinoma in a vervet monkey (chlorocebus pygerythrus). | we present a unique case of metastatic cholangiocarcinoma with concurrent abdominal cestodiasis in an african green monkey (chlorocebus pygerythrus) that presented with respiratory insufficiency and abdominal discomfort. there were multiple white-grey masses in the liver and colonic serosa alongside intra-abdominal parasitic cysts. histopathologically, the liver masses were composed of poorly-differentiated epithelial cells that formed densely cellular solid areas and trabeculae. the neoplastic ... | 2020 | 32958143 |
| genetic evidence for the role of non-human primates as reservoir hosts for human schistosomiasis. | schistosomiasis is a chronic parasitic disease, that affects over 207 million people and causes over 200,000 deaths annually, mainly in sub-saharan africa. although many health measures have been carried out to limit parasite transmission, significant numbers of non-human primates such as chlorocebus aethiops (ch. aethiops) (vervet) and papio anubis (baboon) are infected with s. mansoni, notably in ethiopia, where they are expected to have potentially significant implications for transmission an ... | 2020 | 32898147 |
| advanced maternal age impacts physiologic adaptations to pregnancy in vervet monkeys. | the trend to delay pregnancy in the usa has resulted in the number of advanced maternal age (ama) pregnancies to also increase. in humans, ama is associated with a variety of pregnancy-related pathologies such as preeclampsia (pe). while ama is known to be a factor which contributes to the development of pregnancy-induced diseases, the molecular and cellular mechanisms giving rise to this phenomenon are still very limited. this is due in part to lack of a preclinical model which has physiologic ... | 2020 | 32588342 |
| a fine-scale genetic map for vervet monkeys. | despite its important biological role, the evolution of recombination rates remains relatively poorly characterized. this owes, in part, to the lack of high-quality genomic resources to address this question across diverse species. humans and our closest evolutionary relatives, anthropoid apes, have remained a major focus of large-scale sequencing efforts, and thus recombination rate variation has been comparatively well studied in this group-with earlier work revealing a conservation at the bro ... | 2020 | 32211856 |
| mutational analysis of bfsp1, crybb1, galk1, and gja8 in captive-bred vervet monkeys (chlorocebus aethiops). | congenital cataract has been reported in a colony of captive-bred vervet monkeys (chlorocebus aethiops). | 2020 | 31975409 |
| differences in frontal network anatomy across primate species. | the frontal lobe is central to distinctive aspects of human cognition and behavior. some comparative studies link this to a larger frontal cortex and even larger frontal white matter in humans compared with other primates, yet others dispute these findings. the discrepancies between studies could be explained by limitations of the methods used to quantify volume differences across species, especially when applied to white matter connections. in this study, we used a novel tractography approach t ... | 2020 | 31949106 |
| type-2-diabetes alters csf but not plasma metabolomic and ad risk profiles in vervet monkeys. | epidemiological studies suggest that individuals with type 2 diabetes (t2d) have a twofold to fourfold increased risk for developing alzheimer's disease (ad), however, the exact mechanisms linking the two diseases are unknown. in both conditions, the majority of pathophysiological changes, including glucose and insulin dysregulation, insulin resistance, and ad-related changes in aβ and tau, occur decades before the onset of clinical symptoms and diagnosis. in this study, we investigated the rela ... | 2019 | 31555072 |
| microbial translocation into amniotic fluid of vervet monkeys is common and unrelated to adverse infant outcomes. | amniotic fluid was collected from pregnant female african green monkeys (n = 20). analyses indicate microbial translocation into amniotic fluid during pregnancy is typical, and microbial load reduces across gestation. microbial translocation does not relate to infant outcome or maternal factors. lastly, we demonstrate that sample contamination is easily introduced and detectable. | 2019 | 31338846 |
| the effect of hyperglycinemic treatment in captive-bred vervet monkeys (chlorocebus aethiops). | nonketotic hyperglycinemia (nkh) is a neuro-metabolic disorder caused by a deficiency in the glycine cleavage system (gcs) and glycine transporter 1 (glyt1). a case of atypical late onset of nkh has been reported in a colony of captive-bred vervet monkeys. the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of sodium benzoate and dextromethorphan in reducing glycine levels in hyperglycinemic monkeys. twelve captive-bred vervet monkeys were assigned into three groups consisting of four animals ( ... | 2019 | 31230217 |
| conserved alarm calls but rapid auditory learning in monkey responses to novel flying objects. | to evaluate the flexibility in vocal production and comprehension in a non-human primate, we presented a drone to west african green monkeys, chlorocebus sabaeus. calls given in response to the drone were clearly distinct from those given to other predators, but highly similar to the aerial alarm calls of the east african vervet monkey, chlorocebus pygerythrus, suggesting that call structure is conserved. to probe how rapidly the animals attached meaning to the sound of the drone, we played back ... | 2019 | 31133723 |
| should monkeys wash their hands and feet: a pilot-study on sources of zoonotic parasite exposure. | human exposure to zoonotic parasites via contaminated soil is a much studied area. less research has been performed on exposure via contact with animals and surfaces such as picnic tables with which infected animals might be in contact. on st. kitts, wild african green monkeys (agm; chlorocebus aethiops sabaeus), which are known to have zoonotic parasites, roam freely in areas with outdoor dining facilities and are used in the tourist industry. in this study, the hands and feet of eight agm and ... | 2019 | 30963089 |
| nonketotic hyperglycinemia in captive-bred vervet monkeys (chlorocebus aethiops) with cataracts. | nonketotic hyperglycinemia (nkh) is a rare metabolic disorder that is characterized by high levels of glycine in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid in humans. in this study, total congenital cataract captive-bred vervet monkeys (chlorocebus aethiops) that are hyperglycinemic were screened to identify mutations in bola type 3 (bola3), glutaredoxin 5 (glrx5), and lipoate synthase (lias) genes. | 2019 | 30724368 |
| natural variation in fetal cortisol exposure is associated with neonatal body mass in captive vervet monkeys (chlorocebus aethiops). | poor maternal condition during gestation is commonly associated with impaired fetal growth in humans and other animals. although elevated maternal glucocorticoids (gcs) are often implicated as the mechanism of intrauterine growth stunting, the direct contribution of maternal gcs remains unclear because enzymatic conversion of gcs at the placenta may limit the ability of maternal hormones to reach the fetus. further, because previous studies on gestational stress have often employed synthetic gcs ... | 2019 | 30604879 |
| a nonhuman primate model of early alzheimer's disease pathologic change: implications for disease pathogenesis. | nonhuman primates may serve as excellent models of sporadic age-associated brain β-amyloid deposition and alzheimer's disease pathologic changes. we examined whether a vervet nonhuman primate model recapitulated pathologic, physiologic, and behavioral features of early alzheimer's disease. | 2019 | 30467082 |
| characterization of glucose-stimulated insulin release protocols in african green monkeys (chlorocebus aethiops). | management of diabetes remains a major health and economic challenge, demanding test systems in which to develop new therapies. these studies assessed different methodologies for determining glucose tolerance in green monkeys. | 2019 | 30357856 |
| schistosoma mansoni infection in human and nonhuman primates in selected areas of oromia regional state, ethiopia. | the transmission of schistosomiasis, caused by trematodes of the genus schistosoma, relies on freshwater snails that act as an intermediate host while human and other mammalian act as the definitive hosts. many non-human primates (nhps) such as chlorocebus aethiops (vervet) and papio anubis (baboon) are reported to be infected with schistosoma mansoni in ethiopia, but the role they play in parasite maintenance and transmission is still not clear. the objective of this study was, therefore, to de ... | 2019 | 30280709 |
| greater microbial translocation and vulnerability to metabolic disease in healthy aged female monkeys. | monkeys demonstrate gastrointestinal barrier dysfunction (leaky gut) as evidenced by higher biomarkers of microbial translocation (mt) and inflammation with ageing despite equivalent health status, and lifelong diet and environmental conditions. we evaluated colonic structural, microbiomic and functional changes in old female vervet monkeys (chlorocebus aethiops sabeus) and how age-related leaky gut alters responses to western diet. we additionally assessed serum bovine immunoglobulin therapy to ... | 2018 | 30054517 |
| hepatic vitamin a concentrations in vervets (chlorocebus aethiops) supplemented with carotenoids derived from oil palm. | commonly used in biomedical research, vervets (chlorocebus aethiops) are omnivorous but primarily meet their vitamin a requirements from provitamin a carotenoids. hypervitaminosis a has occurred in vervets that consume feed high in preformed vitamin a. we investigated the vitamin a status of vervets supplemented daily with various antioxidants derived from palm oil. male vervets (n = 40) were placed for 23 wk on a high-fat diet (34.9% energy) containing 645 μ g retinol activity equivalents (rae) ... | 2018 | 30021671 |
| call type signals caller goal: a new take on ultimate and proximate influences in vocal production. | after 40 years of debate it remains unclear whether signallers produce vocalizations in order to provide receivers with information about call context or external stimuli. this has led some researchers to propose that call production is arousal- or affect-based. although arousal influences certain acoustic parameters within a call type, we argue that it cannot explain why individuals across vertebrates produce different call types. given emerging evidence that calls are goal-based, we argue that ... | 2018 | 29896860 |
| a comparison between the semen and sperm parameters from the captive-bred vervet monkey (chlorocebus aethiops) and rhesus monkey (macaca mulatta). | it is generally accepted that non-human primates (nhp) represent the model of choice for integrative studies of testicular function and endocrine control. however, there are many species-specific differences that necessitate identification prior to the selection of an appropriate model for these studies. in an nhp breeding facility, this opportunity of selection is usually presented during breeding periods when it is crucial to determine which individuals should be maintained as breeders. with r ... | 2018 | 29693257 |
| identity construction and symbolic association in farmer-vervet monkey (chlorocebus aethiops sabaeus) interconnections in st. kitts. | primates occupy a liminal space between humans and animals. on the caribbean island of st. kitts, translocated vervet monkeys (chlorocebus aethiops sabaeus) are respected creatures, yet they cause problems. vervets regularly consume crops on farms and are considered "pests"; still, kittitians express empathy and understanding for them based largely on the monkeys' display of human-like behaviours. using data from interviews with 64 kittitian farmers, we deconstruct the symbolism of the vervet mo ... | 2018 | 29631262 |
| neurodegenerative disease biomarkers aβ1-40, aβ1-42, tau, and p-tau181 in the vervet monkey cerebrospinal fluid: relation to normal aging, genetic influences, and cerebral amyloid angiopathy. | the caribbean vervet monkey (chlorocebus aethiops sabaeus) is a potentially valuable animal model of neurodegenerative disease. however, the trajectory of aging in vervets and its relationship to human disease is incompletely understood. | 2018 | 29484263 |
| schistosoma mansoni and other intestinal parasitic infections in schoolchildren and vervet monkeys in lake ziway area, ethiopia. | to assess schistosoma mansoni and other intestinal parasitic infections in schoolchildren and vervet monkeys (chlorocebus aethiops) in bochessa village, ziway, ethiopia. | 2018 | 29463304 |
| autosomal recessive congenital cataract in captive-bred vervet monkeys (chlorocebus aethiops). | the aim of the study was to evaluate the genetic predisposition of congenital cataract in a colony of captive-bred vervet monkeys. | 2018 | 29377145 |
| seasonal and social correlates of changes in hair, skin, and scrotal condition in vervet monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops) of amboseli national park, kenya. | in a 20-month study of six groups of vervet monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops) in amboseli national park, kenya, i documented changes in hair loss in all individuals, and scrotal color and hyperpigmentation in all adult males. hair loss occurred seasonally and was most pronounced in low-ranking individuals, especially males. the mean shade of scrotal color for all males and the percentage of males with scrotal hyperpigmentation both covaried with hair loss over time. scrotal color was strongly neg ... | 1995 | 31924083 |
| personality features in vervet monkeys: the effects of sex, age, social status, and group composition. | personality ratings were completed in 97 socially living vervet monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops sabaeus) ranging in age from 19 months to 14 years. monkeys were rated on 17 distinct items on three separate occasions over a 14 month period. for each rating session, factor analysis resulted in similar factors: socially competent, playful/curious, and opportunistic, which are provisionally labeled as personality features. individuals' scores on the three factors were linked to the subjects' social ... | 1994 | 31936927 |
| twinning in a colony of vervet monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops sabaeus). | from 1975 through 1991, three sets of twins were born from a total of 693 live and stillborn births (0.43%) at the ucla/sepulveda veterans administration medical center nonhuman primate research laboratory, ca. none of the twin's mothers were related. positive patrilineal relationships have not been established; however, a brother (not a twin) of the first set of twins may have fathered the third set. all twins were born to multiparous females and, in each case, only one infant survived beyond 4 ... | 1994 | 31936905 |
| midazolam as an effective intravenous adjuvant to prolonged ketamine sedation in young rhesus (macaca mulatta) and vervet (cercopithecus aethiops sabaeus) monkeys: a preliminary report. | the present study investigated a recently developed benzodiazepine, midazolam, as an intravenous adjuvant to ketamine in infant monkeys undergoing prolonged sedation during positron emission tomography of the brain and heart. subjects were two rhesus macaque (macaca mulatta) and ten vervet monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops sabaeus) ranging in age from 26 to 260 days. midazolam was an effective intravenous adjuvant to ketamine. this treatment regime resulted in complete immobilization of the animal ... | 1993 | 31941185 |
| maternal protectiveness and response to the unfamiliar in vervet monkeys. | vervet monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops sabaeus) show individual differences in approach-avoidance behavior when faced with an unfamiliar and potentially threatening situation. prior research from our colony demonstrated that juveniles who had experienced high levels of early maternal protectiveness were more cautious in response to novelty, compared to juveniles who had had less protective mothers. the research reported here was designed to verify this result in a paradigm that experimentally va ... | 1993 | 31937015 |
| rank, relationships, and responses to intruders among adult male vervet monkeys. | we examined the influences of dyadic relationships among captive adult male vervet monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops sabaeus) on behavior directed toward caged "intruder" males placed inside subjects' enclosures. subjects were all 9 adult male residents from three stable social groups, each of which contained 3 adult males, at least 3 adult females, and their immature offspring. every male was observed in two 3-hour sessions, each time with one of the 2 other adult males from his group. observatio ... | 1993 | 31937002 |
| acute changes in social composition and agonistic behavior in male vervet monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops sabaeus). | among nonhuman primates the composition of social groups influences the interactions of group members. we assessed the effects of acute changes in social composition on behavior among 15 adult male vervet monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops sabaeus). subjects were observed in their basal social groups which comprised 3 adult males, 2-4 adult females, and offspring; and in two subgroups consisting of either two or three adult males. agonism and vigilance increased in smaller groups relative to basal ... | 1992 | 31948137 |
| spectral sensitivity of vervet monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops sabaeus) and the issue of catarrhine trichromacy. | several genera of platyrrhine monkeys show significant polymorphism of color vision. by contrast, catarrhine monkeys have usually been assumed to have uniform trichromatic color vision. however, the evidential basis for this assumption is quite limited. to study this issue further, spectral sensitivity functions were obtained from vervet monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops sabaeus) using the technique of electroretinographic flicker photometry. results from a chromatic adaptation experiment indicate ... | 1991 | 31952406 |
| group fusions and minimum group sizes in vervet monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops). | six unequivocal cases of group fusion occurred between 1984 and 1988 in a declining population of vervet monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops) in amboseli national park, kenya. in each case, the remaining group members abandoned their territory and joined a neighboring group shortly after the group lost its penultimate adult. because the number of juveniles did not appear to influence the timing of fusion, only adults (both males and females) appear able to maintain vervet groups as cohesive units. a ... | 1991 | 31952380 |
| mitogenic responses of peripheral blood mononuclear cells of vervet monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops): apparent role of adherent cells. | peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbm) from normal vervet monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops) were examined for blastogenic responses to concanavalin a (cona), phytohemagglutinin (pha), and pokeweed mitogen (pwm). the mitogen stimulated pbm in a dose-dependent manner. response to cona was apparently higher than for the other two mitogens. cell density and mitogen concentration were critical parameters for optimal lymphocyte proliferation, an observation in line with that reported for other mammal ... | 1990 | 31963997 |
| sudden short-term increase in mortality of vervet monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops) due to leopard predation in amboseli national park, kenya. | a substantial increase in mortality, due mainly to predation, occurred during 1987 in a population of vervet monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops) studied from 1977 to 1989 in amboseli national park, kenya. it has been shown that vervets moving into new and unfamiliar habitats are more at risk from predation. however, this does not entirely explain the increase in predation in 1987 because predation decreased after 1987 while movement into new areas continued. an increase in leopard alarm calls relat ... | 1990 | 31963987 |
| reproduction in the vervet monkey (cercopithecus aethiops): iii. the menstrual cycle. | the menstrual cycles of 17 multiparous vervet monkeys were studied. based on estradiol, progesterone, and lh profiles, ovulation is predicted to occur on day 13 of the 32.4-day menstrual cycle. estradiol peaked on the day preceding the lh peak in 75% of cycles. average luteal phase length (progesterone greater than 4 nmol/l) was 18 days, with progesterone rising above 4 nmol/l on the day of the lh peak. vaginal cytology and perianal skin coloration exhibited too much within- and among-animal var ... | 1989 | 31968857 |
| effects of trapping on the vervet (cercopithecus aethiops sabaeus) population in barbados. | the effects of a 7-year trapping program on a population of vervets, cercopithecus aethiops sabaeus, in barbados is described. the pretrapping population was estimated at between 6,000 and 12,000 monkeys. the number trapped annually has increased from less than 200 in 1980 to almost 1,000 in 1986. despite this, annual catch per trapping effort indicates that population abundance has remained relatively constant. however, the proportion of juveniles to adults in the population has increased marke ... | 1988 | 31968894 |
| selection of secondary growth areas by vervet monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops). | habitat selection by a group of vervet monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops) living on the savanna peninsula of st. kitts was investigated by the intensive sampling of 12 transects. the vervets exhibited nonrandom use of habitats. examination of 20 ecological variables in each of the habitat types revealed that the vervets preferentially used areas of secondary growth characterized by high density and diversity of tall food plants. it is suggested that the preferential use of secondary growth habitat ... | 1987 | 31973510 |
| pregnancy outcome in free-ranging vervet monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops). | a preliminary assessment of individual female differences in conception rate and fetal wastage has been determined for a population of wild vervet monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops). one of three troops of vervet monkeys, the subjects of a long-term behavioral study, was trapped and blood was obtained for electrophoretic analysis. pregnant females exhibited a distinctive serum aminopeptidase phenotype allowing a conclusive determination of pregnancy. of the seven females diagnosed as pregnant, thr ... | 1987 | 31973506 |
| terrestrial locomotion and back anatomy in vervets (cercopithecus aethiops) and patas monkeys (erythrocebus patas). | this comparative study addressed the problem of relationships between locomotor behavior and back anatomy in the cursorial monkeys, cercopithecus aethiops and erythrocebus patas. analysis of cine-film revealed that patas and vervet monkeys differed significantly in the degree to which they used their backs to increase stride length during galloping. c. aethiops showed increased ranges of sagittal back motion as galloping speed increased almost fivefold; e. patas failed to show significant increa ... | 1987 | 31973464 |
| female mate choice in vervet monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops sabaeus). | female mate choice was examined in a captive group of vervet monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops sabaeus). male-female interactions were examined under both dyadic and group conditions to determine whether females mate with different males under the two conditions. results showed that all females preferred to mate with the alpha male under both dyadic and group conditions. alpha females, however, were more successful than subordinate females in rejecting the sexual solicitations of subordinate males ... | 1986 | 31979492 |
| reproduction in the vervet monkey (cercopithecus aethiops): i. testicular volume, testosterone, and seasonality. | to test whether the male could contribute to the birth peak seen in both wild and captive vervets, testicular volume and peripheral testosterone concentration were measured monthly in nine adults throughout a 14-month period. volume was an average of 15% greater during the months of june to september, the period of natural breeding activity in the wild, than at other times of the year. testosterone concentration rose throughout the time period but did not correlate with testicular volume. quarte ... | 1986 | 31979482 |
| group extinction and fusion in free-ranging vervet monkeys. | three cases of group fusion were observed among vervet monkeys in amboseli national park, kenya, during the 1984 drought. in all cases, group fusion involved the migration of at least two females into a small neighboring group. following migration, the females' natal groups ceased to exist. although migrants initially assumed low ranks, none received high rates of aggression, and two rose in rank 6 months after their arrival. migrant females appeared to employ a number of "strategies," including ... | 1986 | 31979470 |
| reproduction in the vervet monkey (cercopithecus aethiops): ii. annual menstrual patterns and seasonality. | menstrual patterns and progesterone levels were monitored for 5 years from a cohort of 28 female vervet monkeys that were individually caged indoors. three distinct cycle types (short, normal, and prolonged) were defined according to cycle length. mean length of the normal cycle (32.5 days) and menses duration (4.8 days) are in agreement with previous reports. prolonged cycles (> 50 days) contributed 20% of the total, with a decreased incidence during the natural peak breeding period. weekly pro ... | 1986 | 31979437 |
| noninvasive measurement of blood pressure in african green monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops). | indirect measurements of arterial blood pressure were made in african green monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops) employing a doppler ultrasound stethoscope and standard cuff and an infrasonde automatic blood pressure recorder. measurements were obtained from anesthetized (10 mg/kg ketamine (hci) and unanesthetized (1.5 mg/kg ketamine hci) animals. ketamine had no significant effect on blood pressure. indirect measurements from the brachial artery were compared with direct femoral artery measurements ... | 1985 | 31979507 |
| determinants of fecundity and reproductive success in captive vervet monkeys. | between 1975 and 1983, adult female vervet monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops sabaeus) over 3.5 years of age, living in two undisturbed social groups in a captive colony in sepulveda, california, have averaged 1.0 births per female year with a mean interbirth interval of 10.7 months. increased fecundity did not result in decreased survival rates of offspring in this population. fecundity was influenced by the mother's age and dominance rank. the primary factor in the age-fecundity relationship was ... | 1984 | 32138459 |
| diet and dominance among female vervet monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops). | behavioral observations of free-ranging female vervet monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops) suggest that priority of access to food enhances individual fitness. seventeen adult females living in two social groups were observed for 26 months in the samburu/isiolo game reserves, northern kenya. priority of access to feeding and sitting sites was associated with significant differences in diet and reproduction. food species distribution altered rank-related differences in diet. rank-related differences ... | 1983 | 31991946 |
| brief report: circadian variation in insulin response in african green monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops). | among a group of african green monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops), plasma insulin concentrations were greater following either intravenous (iv) glucose infusion or oral feeding at 0800 compared with iv glucose or oral feeding at 1700. glucose clearance rates after iv infusion were similar at the two test times. insulin/glucose ratios were greater following either iv glucose infusion or oral feeding at 0800 compared with 1700. these circadian variations in plasma insulin response are similar to rep ... | 1983 | 31986857 |
| longitudinal stability in adult status hierarchies among vervet monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops). | status hierarchies were examined in a captive group over a 12-year period (1968-1979) to establish the stability and structure of vervet monkey dominance relationships. dyadic records of spontaneous avoid, bite, chase, and supplant behaviors are summarized into a win/lose matrix to produce a rank order of status at the end of each calendar year. the 13,717 agonistic acts tabulated are drawn from both focal and ad lib data. relative rank is computed by dividing the rank position of each individua ... | 1982 | 32197560 |
| diagonal walking in captive infant vervet monkeys. | the frequency of use of diagonal walking by three motorically immature vervet monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops) is discussed. the subjects were housed at the balcones research center (austin, texas) and ranged from 15-105 days of age. mixed longitudinal data taken from film indicated that lateral walknig was the first gait employed by the infant vervets studied, but that diagonal walking completely replaced lateral walking by 81 days of age. these data were compared with those of captive infant m ... | 1982 | 31995905 |
| technical note: urine collection from vervet monkeys by instrumental conditioning. | gang-caged adult male vervet monkeys were trained to urinate on demand into a plastic beaker by positive reinforcement (peanut rewards). the animals were not separated from their social group during training or sampling. | 1981 | 31995942 |
| the relative efficacy of the cranium and os coxa for taxonomic assessment in macaques. | the cranium is generally considered more reliable than the postcranium for assessing primate taxonomy, although recent research suggests that pelvic shape may be equally reliable. however, little research has focused on intrageneric taxonomic discrimination. here, we test the relative taxonomic efficacy of the cranium and os coxa for differentiating two macaque species, with and without considering sexual dimorphism. | 2020 | 32594518 |
| [markers of hepatitis a in the monkeys of the adlers primate center.] | hepatitis a is a widespread viral infection. the hav strains of "human" and "monkey" origin are similar in their morphological and antigenic properties, but differ genotypically. | 2019 | 32167690 |
| endemicity of yaws and seroprevalence of treponema pallidum antibodies in nonhuman primates, kenya. | human yaws has historically been endemic to kenya, but current epidemiologic data are lacking. we report seroprevalence for treponema pallidum antibodies in olive baboons (papio anubis) and vervet monkeys (chlorocebus pygerythrus) in laikipia county, kenya. our results suggest endemicity of the yaws bacterium in monkeys, posing a possible zoonotic threat to humans. | 2019 | 31625860 |
| capture, immobilization, and global positioning system collaring of olive baboons (papio anubis) and vervets (chlorocebus pygerythrus): lessons learned and suggested best practices. | as the value of global positioning system (gps) technology in addressing primatological questions becomes more obvious, more studies will include capturing and collaring primates, with concomitant increased risk of adverse consequences to primate subjects. here we detail our experiences in capturing, immobilizing, and placing gps collars on six olive baboons (papio anubis) in four groups and 12 vervet monkeys (chlorocebus pygerythrus) in five groups in kenya. we captured baboons with cage traps ... | 2019 | 31180153 |
| widespread treponema pallidum infection in nonhuman primates, tanzania. | we investigated treponema pallidum infection in 8 nonhuman primate species (289 animals) in tanzania during 2015-2017. we used a serologic treponemal test to detect antibodies against the bacterium. infection was further confirmed from tissue samples of skin-ulcerated animals by 3 independent pcrs (pola, tp47, and tp_0619). our findings indicate that t. pallidum infection is geographically widespread in tanzania and occurs in several species (olive baboons, yellow baboons, vervet monkeys, and bl ... | 2018 | 29774840 |
| gps-identified vulnerabilities of savannah-woodland primates to leopard predation and their implications for early hominins. | predation is thought to have been a key selection pressure in primate evolution, especially in the savannah-woodland habitats where several early hominin species lived. however, predator-primate prey relationships are still poorly understood because human presence often deters predators, limiting our ability to quantify the impact of predation. synchronized high-resolution tracking of leopards (panthera pardus), vervets (chlorocebus pygerythrus), and olive baboons (papio anubis) during a 14-mont ... | 2018 | 29606199 |
| olive baboons' (papio anubis) response towards crowned eagles (stephanoaetus coronatus) at lake manyara national park. | in this paper we report on two encounters between olive baboons (papio anubis) and crowned eagles (stephanoaetus coronatus) at lake manyara national park, northern tanzania. during these encounters olive baboons responded by giving alarm calls and all infants and juveniles rushed down from trees seeking cover under bushes or close proximity to adult conspecifics. in one of the events, alarm calls from banded mongoose (mungos mungo) and rock hyraxes (procavia capensis) most likely triggered alarm ... | 2017 | 32110697 |
| shifts in microbial diversity, composition, and functionality in the gut and genital microbiome during a natural siv infection in vervet monkeys. | the microbiota plays an important role in hiv pathogenesis in humans. microbiota can impact health through several pathways such as increasing inflammation in the gut, metabolites of bacterial origin, and microbial translocation from the gut to the periphery which contributes to systemic chronic inflammation and immune activation and the development of aids. unlike hiv-infected humans, siv-infected vervet monkeys do not experience gut dysfunction, microbial translocation, and chronic immune acti ... | 2020 | 33158452 |
| fruit bats in flight: a look into the movements of the ecologically important eidolon helvum in tanzania. | many ecologically important plants are pollinated or have their seeds dispersed by fruit bats, including the widely distributed african straw-colored fruit bats (eidolon helvum). their ability to fly long distances makes them essential for connecting plant populations across fragmented landscapes. while bats have been implicated as a reservoir of infectious diseases, their role in disease transmission to humans is not well understood. in this pilot study, we tracked e. helvum to shed light on th ... | 2020 | 32835170 |
| transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 is expressed in the horizontal pathway of the vervet monkey retina. | the ubiquitous distribution of the classic endocannabinoid system (cannabinoid receptors cb1 and cb2) has been demonstrated within the monkey nervous system, including the retina. transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (trpv1) is a cannabinoid-like non-selective cation channel receptor that is present in the retina and binds to endovannilloids and endocannabinoids, like anandamide, 2-arachidonoylglycerol and n-arachidonoyl dopamine. retinal expression patterns of trpv1 are available for r ... | 2020 | 32694518 |
| ace2 and tmprss2 variation in savanna monkeys (chlorocebus spp.): potential risk for zoonotic/anthroponotic transmission of sars-cov-2 and a potential model for functional studies. | the covid-19 pandemic, caused by the coronavirus sars-cov-2, has devastated health infrastructure around the world. both ace2 (an entry receptor) and tmprss2 (used by the virus for spike protein priming) are key proteins to sars-cov-2 cell entry, enabling progression to covid-19 in humans. comparative genomic research into critical ace2 binding sites, associated with the spike receptor binding domain, has suggested that african and asian primates may also be susceptible to disease from sars-cov- ... | 2020 | 32574196 |
| transcriptomic analysis of cell-free fetal rna in the amniotic fluid of vervet monkeys (chlorocebus sabaeus). | nhp are important translational models for understanding the genomic underpinnings of growth, development, fetal programming, and predisposition to disease, with potential for the development of early health biomarkers. understanding how prenatal gene expression is linked to pre- and postnatal health and development requires methods for assessing the fetal transcriptome. here we used rnaseq methodology to analyze the expression of cell-free fetal rna in the amniotic fluid supernatant (afs) of ve ... | 2020 | 31969210 |
| a fosmid-based system for the generation of recombinant cercopithecine alphaherpesvirus 2 encoding reporter genes. | the transmission of macacine alphaherpesvirus 1 (mchv-1) from macaques, the natural host, to humans causes encephalitis. in contrast, human infection with cercopithecine alphaherpesvirus 2 (cehv-2), a closely related alphaherpesvirus from african vervet monkeys and baboons, has not been reported and it is believed that cehv-2 is apathogenic in humans. the reasons for the differential neurovirulence of mchv-1 and cehv-2 have not been explored on a molecular level, in part due to the absence of sy ... | 2019 | 31694178 |
| gastrointestinal parasites of vervet monkeys (chlorocebus pygerythrus) in a high latitude, semi-arid region of south africa. | given a changing climate and large-scale human migration, understanding infectious diseases in wildlife and the factors that drive the spread of these diseases is becoming increasingly important. owing to the close phylogenetic relationship between nonhuman primates and humans, primate parasites are of particular interest due to the potential for zoonotic disease transmission and for the study of social transmission within gregarious social groups. there is a wide range of social and environment ... | 2019 | 31424324 |
| composition and stability of the vervet monkey milk microbiome. | the human milk microbiome is vertically transmitted to offspring during the postnatal period and has emerged as a critical driver of infant immune and metabolic development. despite this importance in humans, the milk microbiome of nonhuman primates remains largely unexplored. this dearth of comparative work precludes our ability to understand how species-specific differences in the milk microbiome may differentially drive maternal effects and limits how translational models can be used to under ... | 2019 | 31106877 |
| uncovering the inferior fronto-occipital fascicle and its topological organization in non-human primates: the missing connection for language evolution. | whether brain networks underlying the multimodal processing of language in humans are present in non-human primates is an unresolved question in primate evolution. conceptual awareness in humans, which is the backbone of verbal and non-verbal semantic elaboration, involves intracerebral connectivity via the inferior fronto-occipital fascicle (ifof). while non-human primates can communicate through visual information channels, there has been no formal demonstration that they possess a functional ... | 2019 | 30847641 |
| vervet monkey (chlorocebus pygerythrus) behavior in a multi-destination route: evidence for planning ahead when heuristics fail. | animal paths are analogous to intractable mathematical problems like the traveling salesman problem (tsp) and the shortest path problem (spp). both the tsp and spp require an individual to find the shortest path through multiple targets but the tsp demands a return to the start, while the spp does not. vervet monkeys are very efficient in solving tsps but this species is a multiple central place forager that does not always return to the same sleeping site and thus theoretically should be select ... | 2018 | 29813105 |
| community-based wildlife management area supports similar mammal species richness and densities compared to a national park. | community-based conservation models have been widely implemented across africa to improve wildlife conservation and livelihoods of rural communities. in tanzania, communities can set aside land and formally register it as wildlife management area (wma), which allows them to generate revenue via consumptive or nonconsumptive utilization of wildlife. the key, yet often untested, assumption of this model is that economic benefits accrued from wildlife motivate sustainable management of wildlife. to ... | 2020 | 31993122 |
| diversity of trypanosomes in wildlife of the kafue ecosystem, zambia. | the kafue ecosystem is a vast conservation protected area comprising the kafue national park (knp) and the game management areas (gma) that act as a buffer around the national park. the knp has been neglected as a potential foci for rhodesiense sleeping sickness despite the widespread presence of the tsetse vector and abundant wildlife reservoirs. the aim of this study was to generate information on circulating trypanosomes and their eminent threat/risk to public health and livestock production ... | 2020 | 32420023 |
| infection dynamics of gastrointestinal helminths in sympatric non-human primates, livestock and wild ruminants in kenya. | gastrointestinal parasites are neglected infections, yet they cause significant burden to animal and human health globally. to date, most studies of gastrointestinal parasites focus on host-parasite systems that involve either a single parasite or a host species. however, when hosts share habitat and resources, they may also cross-transmit generalist gastrointestinal parasites. here we explore multi-host-parasite interactions in a single ecosystem to understand the infection patterns, especially ... | 2019 | 31181093 |
| infrared thermography cannot be used to approximate core body temperature in wild primates. | understanding the physiological processes that underpin primate performance is key if we are to assess how a primate might respond when navigating new and changing environments. given the connection between a mammal's ability to thermoregulate and the changing demands of its thermal environment, increasing attention is being devoted to the study of thermoregulatory processes as a means to assess primate performance. infrared thermography can be used to record the body surface temperatures of fre ... | 2020 | 33043502 |
| age-related colonic mucosal microbiome community shifts in monkeys. | aging-related changes in gut microbiome changes impacts host health. the interactive relationship between the microbiome and physiological systems in an aged body system remains to be clearly defined, particularly in the context of inflammation. therefore, we aimed to evaluate systemic inflammation, microbial translocation (mt) and differences between fecal and mucosal microbiomes. ascending colon mucosal biopsies, fecal and blood samples from healthy young and old female vervet monkeys were col ... | 2020 | 33021628 |
| aegean monkeys and the importance of cross-disciplinary collaboration in archaeoprimatology: a reply to urbani and youlatos. | in their reply to our article "a new identification of the monkeys depicted in a bronze age wall painting from akrotiri, thera" [primates 61(3), 2019], urbani and youlatos (primates https://doi.org/10.1007/s10329-020-00825-2 , 2020) argue for the traditional identification of the monkeys depicted on the north and west walls of room 6 of building complex beta at akrotiri, thera, as vervet monkeys (fig. 1). their argument is based largely on previous scholarship and their analysis of monkey morpho ... | 2020 | 32889632 |
| anatomy of nerve fiber bundles at micrometer-resolution in the vervet monkey visual system. | although the primate visual system has been extensively studied, detailed spatial organization of white matter fiber tracts carrying visual information between areas has not been fully established. this is mainly due to the large gap between tracer studies and diffusion-weighted mri studies, which focus on specific axonal connections and macroscale organization of fiber tracts, respectively. here we used 3d polarization light imaging (3d-pli), which enables direct visualization of fiber tracts a ... | 2020 | 32844747 |
| reactions to infant death by wild vervet monkeys (chlorocebus pygerythrus) in kwazulu-natal, south africa: prolonged carrying, non-mother carrying, and partial maternal cannibalism. | observations of dead infant carrying have been reported for many primate species, and researchers have proposed several hypotheses to explain this behaviour. however, despite being a relatively well-studied species, reports of dead infant carrying in wild vervet monkeys (chlorocebus pygerythrus) remain scarce. here we report 14 observations of dead infant carrying by female vervet monkeys in a population at mawana game reserve, kwazulu-natal, south africa. most of the females carried the dead in ... | 2020 | 32766938 |
| fire's impact on threat detection and risk perception among vervet monkeys: implications for hominin evolution. | the spatial behavior of primates is shaped by many factors including predation risk, the distribution of food sources, and access to water. in fire-prone settings, burning is a catalyst of change, altering the distribution of both plants and animals. recent research has shown that primates alter their behavior in response to this change. here, we study primates' perceived threat of predation in fire-modified landscapes. we focus on the predator-related behaviors of vervet monkeys (chlorocebus py ... | 2020 | 32619883 |
| dynamics of intersexual dominance and adult sex- ratio in wild vervet monkeys. | intersexual dominance relations are important for female mammals, because of their consequences for accessing food and for the degree of sexual control females experience from males. female mammals are usually considered to rank below males in the dominance hierarchy, because of their typical physical inferiority. yet, in some groups or species, females are nonetheless dominant over some males (partial female dominance). intersexual dominance, therefore, also depends on traits other than sexual ... | 2020 | 32477214 |
| occam's razor, archeoprimatology, and the 'blue' monkeys of thera: a reply to pareja et al. (2020). | recently, pareja et al. (primates, 61:159-168, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10329-019-00778-1 2020) published a report suggesting that the monkeys represented by minoans in room 6 of building complex beta at akrotiri, thera (present-day greece) allegedly represented hanuman or gray langurs (semnopithecus spp.). this conjecture was based only on the posture of the tail, as it might be reminiscent of those observed in these asian monkeys. in order to examine this hypothesis, we performed a thorough a ... | 2020 | 32405911 |
| the effects of data collection and observation methods on uncertainty of social networks in wild primates. | in social species, network centralities of group members shape social transmission and other social phenomena. different factors have been found to influence the measurement of social networks, such as data collection and observation methods. in this study, we collected data on adults and juveniles and examined the effect of data collection method (ad libitum sampling vs. focal animal sampling) and observation method (interaction-grooming; play-vs. association-arm-length; 2 m; 5 m proximities-) ... | 2020 | 32310316 |