| kinetics of substrate transglycosylation by glycoside hydrolase family 3 glucan (1-->3)-beta-glucosidase from the white-rot fungus phanerochaete chrysosporium. | to elucidate the interaction between substrate inhibition and substrate transglycosylation of retaining glycoside hydrolases (ghs), a steady-state kinetic study was performed for the gh family 3 glucan (1-->3)-beta-glucosidase from the white-rot fungus phanerochaete chrysosporium, using laminarioligosaccharides as substrates. when laminaribiose was incubated with the enzyme, a transglycosylation product was detected by thin-layer chromatography. the product was purified by size-exclusion chromat ... | 2004 | 15582611 |
| a pcr method for the detection and differentiation of lentinus edodes and trametes versicolor in defined-mixed cultures used for wastewater treatment. | a pcr-based method for the quantitative detection of lentinus edodes and trametes versicolor, two ligninolytic fungi applied for wastewater treatment and bioremediation, was developed. genomic dna was used to optimize a pcr method targeting the conserved copper-binding sequence of laccase genes. the method allowed the quantitative detection and differentiation of these fungi in single and defined-mixed cultures after fractionation of the pcr products by electrophoresis in agarose gels. amplified ... | 2004 | 15586279 |
| heterologous expression of lignin peroxidase of phanerochaete chrysosporium in pichia methanolica. | the cdna encoding for lignin peroxidase of phanerochaete chrysosporium was expressed in the pichia methanolica under the control of the alcohol oxidase (aug1) promoter which was followed by either the lignin peroxidase leader peptide of phanerochaete chrysosporium or the saccharomyces cerevisiae alpha-factor signal peptide. both peptides efficiently directed the secretion of lignin peroxidase from the recombinant yeast cell. the extracellular lignin peroxidase activity in two recombinants was 93 ... | 2004 | 15604798 |
| incomplete processing of peroxidase transcripts in the lignin degrading fungus phanerochaete chrysosporium. | phanerochaete chrysosporium has been thoroughly studied as a microbial model for lignin degradation. the enzymes lignin peroxidase (lip) and manganese peroxidase (mnp), both encoded by several genes, play the main role in the cleavage of different lignin substructures. in this work, the expression of specific lip and mnp transcripts in liquid medium and in a wood-containing soil system was studied by reverse transcription-pcr and subsequent cloning and sequencing of the products obtained. splice ... | 2005 | 15621417 |
| comparison of different fungal enzymes for bleaching high-quality paper pulps. | wild and recombinant hydrolases and oxidoreductases with a potential interest for environmentally sound bleaching of high-quality paper pulp (from flax) were incorporated into a totally chlorine free (tcf) sequence that also included a peroxide stage. the ability of feruloyl esterase (from aspergillus niger) and mn2+-oxidizing peroxidases (from phanerochaete chrysosporium and pleurotus eryngii) to decrease the final lignin content of flax pulp was shown. laccase from pycnoporus cinnabarinus (wit ... | 2004 | 15639095 |
| polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon biodegradation in extracellular fluids and static batch cultures of selected sub-tropical white rot fungi. | four sub-tropical white rot fungi, trametes versicolor, trametes pocas, trametes cingulata and isolate dspm95 were studied alongside the well studied white rot fungus, phanerochaete chrysosporium, for their ability to remove polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs) from culture media. both static shallow cultures and extracellular fluids were studied using media contaminated with a defined mixture of the pahs; fluorene, phenanthrene, anthracene, pyrene and benzo(a)anthracene. with all isolates, t ... | 2004 | 15639098 |
| keratinophilic fungi of poultry farm and feather dumping soil in tamil nadu, india. | soils of 10 poultry farms from namakkal and 12 feather dumping sites from chennai were studied for the presence of keratinophilic fungi. a total of 34 species belonging to 19 genera and one non-sporulating fungus were recovered. sixteen species of fungi and one non-sporulating fungi were common to both sites, eight species were specific to namakkal and nine species were specific to chennai. dermatophytes and closely related fungi were represented by six species belonging to five genera. fungal s ... | 2004 | 15645172 |
| enzymatic activity, osmotic stress and degradation of pesticide mixtures in soil extract liquid broth inoculated with phanerochaete chrysosporium and trametes versicolor. | in this study we examined the extracellular enzymatic activity of two white rot fungi (phanerochaete chrysosporium and trametes versicolor) in a soil extract broth in relation to differential degradation of a mixture of different concentrations (0-30 p.p.m.) of simazine, dieldrin and trifluralin under different osmotic stress (-0.7 and -2.8 mpa) and quantified enzyme production, relevant to p and n release (phosphomonoesterase, protease), carbon cycling (beta-glucosidase, cellulase) and laccase ... | 2005 | 15683395 |
| a new subfamily of fungal subtilases: structural and functional analysis of a pleurotus ostreatus member. | pleurotus ostreatus produces several extracellular proteases which are believed to be involved in the regulation of the ligninolytic activities of this fungus. recently, purification and characterization of the most abundant p. ostreatus extracellular protease (posl) have been reported. the sequence of the posl gene and of the corresponding cdna has been determined, allowing the identification of its pre- and pro-sequences. a mature protein sequence has been verified by mass spectrometry mapping ... | 2005 | 15699195 |
| enzymatic description of the anhydrofructose pathway of glycogen degradation ii. gene identification and characterization of the reactions catalyzed by aldos-2-ulose dehydratase that converts 1,5-anhydro-d-fructose to microthecin with ascopyrone m as the intermediate. | the anhydrofructose pathway describes the degradation of glycogen and starch to metabolites via 1,5-anhydro-d-fructose (1,5anfru). enzymes that form 1,5anfru, ascopyrone p (app), and ascopyrone m (apm) have been reported from our laboratory earlier. in the present study, apm formed from 1,5anfru was found to be the intermediate to the antimicrobial microthecin. the microthecin forming enzyme from the fungus phanerochaete chrysosporium proved to be aldos-2-ulose dehydratase (audh, ec 4.2.1.-), wh ... | 2005 | 15716041 |
| a rapid method to quantify pro-oxidant activity in cultures of wood-decaying white-rot fungi. | a new, rapid method for evaluation of lipid peroxidation promoting (pro-oxidant) activity in cultures of wood-decaying fungi was developed. the method is based on measurement of the rate of oxygen consumption in the reaction of linoleic acid peroxidation initiated by fungal culture filtrates. the liquid cultures of the white-rot fungi bjerkandera adusta and phanerochaete chrysosporium grown on wheat straw-containing glucose-peptone-corn steep liquor medium possessed significant levels of the pro ... | 2005 | 15722153 |
| colour remediation of pulp mill effluent using purified fungal cellobiose dehydrogenase: reaction optimisation and mechanism of degradation. | cellobiose dehydrogenase purified from two different fungal sources was assessed for its ability to remove and/or reduce colour from pulp mill bleach plant effluent. cellobiose dehydrogenase purified from phanerochaete chrysosporium was shown to prefer acidic conditions and was consequently used to treat the acid effluent stream discharged from a pulp mill bleach plant, while an analogous enzyme originating from humicola insolens preferred alkaline conditions, and was applied to the effluent dis ... | 2005 | 15726583 |
| the ability of white-rot fungi to degrade the endocrine-disrupting compound nonylphenol. | phanerochaete chrysosporium, pleurotus ostreatus, trametes versicolor and bjerkandera sp. bol13 were tested for their ability to degrade the endocrine-disrupting compound nonylphenol at an initial concentration of 100 mg l-1. the highest removals were achieved with t. versicolor and bjerkandera sp. bol13, which were able to degrade 97 mg l-1 and 99 mg l-1 of nonylphenol in 25 days of incubation, respectively. nonylphenol removal was associated with the production of laccase by t. versicolor, but ... | 2004 | 15735968 |
| mycological examinations on the fungal flora of the chicken comb. | a total of 500 combs of adult chickens from two different locations in germany (hessen and schleswig-holstein) were clinically and mycologically examined. the chickens came from three battery cages (n = 79), one voliere system (n=32), six flocks maintained on deep litter (n = 69) and 12 flocks kept on free outdoor range (n=320). twenty-two of the 500 chicken combs (4.4%) were found to have clinical signs: only non-specific lesions neither typical of mycosis nor of avian pox such as desquamation ... | 2005 | 15743428 |
| false-positive histoplasma capsulatum gen-probe chemiluminescent test result caused by a chrysosporium species. | we describe a case in which the histoplasma capsulatum accuprobe test displayed cross-reactivity with a respiratory isolate thought to be histoplasma but not morphologically consistent with h. capsulatum. the isolate was later identified as the chrysosporium anamorph of nannizziopsis vriesii by sequence analysis and phenotypic data. | 2005 | 15750132 |
| keratinophilic fungi isolated from hospital dust and soils of public places at gulbarga, india. | keratinophilic fungi were isolated from corridor dust of 11 hospitals and soils of 21 public places using a hair baiting technique. a total of 41 species belonging to 24 genera were recovered. among the dermatophytes and related species, microsporum gypseum was predominant, followed by chrysosporium keratinophilum, trichophyton mentagrophytes, m. nanum and ch. tropicum. other species were represented by 32 species belonging to 21 genera. most of the species isolated are known to be agents of hum ... | 2005 | 15750728 |
| biodegradation of the insecticide n,n-diethyl-m-toluamide by fungi: identification and toxicity of metabolites. | fungi (cunninghamella elegans atcc 9245, mucor ramannianus r-56, aspergillus niger vkmf-1119, and phanerochaete chrysosporium bkmf-1767) were tested to elucidate the biologic fate of the topical insect repellent n,n-diethyl-m-toluamide (deet). the elution profile obtained from analysis by high-pressure liquid chromatography equipped with a reverse-phase c-18 column, showed that three peaks occurred after incubation of c. elegans, with which 1 mm deet was combined as a final concentration. the pe ... | 2005 | 15750774 |
| mycotic brain abscess caused by opportunistic reptile pathogen. | | 2005 | 15759342 |
| degradation of lignin in pulp mill wastewaters by white-rot fungi on biofilm. | an investigation was conducted to explore the lignin-degrading capacity of attached-growth white-rot fungi. five white-rot fungi, phanerochaete chrysosporium, pleurotus ostreatus, lentinus edodes, trametes versicolor and s22, grown on a porous plastic media, were individually used to treat black liquor from a pulp and paper mill. over 71% of lignin and 48% of chemical oxygen demand (cod) were removed from the wastewater. several factors, including ph, concentrations of carbon, nitrogen and trace ... | 2005 | 15792583 |
| the two manganese peroxidases pr-mnp2 and pr-mnp3 of phlebia radiata, a lignin-degrading basidiomycete, are phylogenetically and structurally divergent. | two new, at primary sequence and protein structure levels different, manganese peroxidase encoding genes from the white rot basidiomycete phlebia radiata are described. both genes are expressed in liquid cultures of p. radiata containing milled alder wood or glucose as carbon source, and high mn(2+) concentration. the gene pr-mnp2 contains 7 introns and codes for a 390 amino-acid polypeptide, whereas pr-mnp3 presents 11 introns and codes for a 362 amino-acid protein. the 3-d molecular models con ... | 2005 | 15809005 |
| the highly expressed yeast gene pby20 from paracoccidioides brasiliensis encodes a flavodoxin-like protein. | a gene encoding the entire highly expressed protein previously identified in the proteome of paracoccidioides brasiliensis yeast cells as pby20 has been isolated. the pby20 sequence reveals an open reading frame of 1364bp and a deduced amino acid sequence of 203 residues, which shows high identity to benzoquinone reductase from phanerochaete chrysosporium (72.0%), saccharomyces cerevisiae ycp4 (65%), and schizosaccharomyces pombe p25 (59%), and to allergens from alternaria alternata alt a7 (70%) ... | 2005 | 15809007 |
| structures of phanerochaete chrysosporium cel7d in complex with product and inhibitors. | the cellobiohydrolase pc_cel7d is the major cellulase produced by the white-rot fungus phanerochaete chrysosporium, constituting approximately 10% of the total secreted protein in liquid culture on cellulose. the enzyme is classified into family 7 of the glycoside hydrolases and, like other family members, catalyses cellulose hydrolysis with net retention of the anomeric carbon configuration. previous work described the apo structure of the enzyme. here we investigate the binding of the product, ... | 2005 | 15819888 |
| detoxification of corn stover and corn starch pyrolysis liquors by ligninolytic enzymes of phanerochaete chrysosporium. | phanerochaete chrysosporium (atcc 24725) shake flask culture with 3 mm veratryl alcohol addition on day 3 was able to grow and detoxify different concentrations of diluted corn stover (dcs) and diluted corn starch (dst) pyrolysis liquors [10, 25, and 50% (v/v)] in defined media. gc-ms analysis of reaction products showed a decrease and change in some compounds. in addition, the total phenolic assay with dcs samples demonstrated a decrease in the phenolic compounds. a bioassay employing lactobaci ... | 2005 | 15826047 |
| chrysosporium chiropterorum sp. nov., isolated in france, resembling chrysosporium state of ajellomyces capsulatus (histoplasma capsulatum). | a fungus isolated in france from the fur of a bat, which produces characterized large tuberculate conidia (aleurioconidia) similar to those produced by the mycelial form of histoplasma capsulatum (ajellomyces capsulatus) is described. colonies are white at first, but then become rosy buff from the centre outwards. sectoring, resulting in the appearance of patches or areas of dark green mycelium, occurs spontaneously. single-celled conidia are formed on undifferentiated hyphae, and may be sessile ... | 2005 | 15832559 |
| discovery of a novel superfamily of type iii polyketide synthases in aspergillus oryzae. | identification of genes encoding type iii polyketide synthase (pks) superfamily members in the industrially useful filamentous fungus, aspergillus oryzae, revealed that their distribution is not specific to plants or bacteria. among other aspergilli (aspergillus nidulans and aspergillus fumigatus), a. oryzae was unique in possessing four chalcone synthase (chs)-like genes (csya, csyb, csyc, and csyd). expression of csya, csyb, and csyd genes was confirmed by rt-pcr. comparative genome analyses r ... | 2005 | 15845386 |
| degradation of aromatic hydrocarbons by white-rot fungi in a historically contaminated soil. | phanerochaete chrysosporium nrrl 6361 and pleurotus pulmonarius cbs 664.97 were tested for their ability to grow under nonsterile conditions and to degrade various aromatic hydrocarbons in an aged contaminated soil that also contained high concentrations of heavy metals. after 24 days fungal incubation, carbon-co2 liberated, an indicator of microbial activity, reached a plateau. at the end of the incubation time (30 days), fungal colonization was clearly visible and was confirmed by ergosterol a ... | 2005 | 15858792 |
| decolourisation of reactive textile dyes drimarene blue x3lr and remazol brilliant blue r by funalia trogii atcc 200800. | decolourisation of reactive dyes drimarene blue x3lr and remazol brilliant blue r by white rot fungi funalia trogii was studied under static conditions. the effect of various conditions such as mycelial age, initial dye and glucose concentrations on decolourisation were also investigated. decolourisation activity of f. trogii was compared with phanerochaete chrysosporium known as test microorganism. it was found that 7-day-old cultures were more effective than 5-day-old cultures of f. trogii for ... | 2005 | 15865144 |
| an exo-beta-1,3-galactanase having a novel beta-1,3-galactan-binding module from phanerochaete chrysosporium. | an exo-beta-1,3-galactanase gene from phanerochaete chrysosporium has been cloned, sequenced, and expressed in pichia pastoris. the complete amino acid sequence of the exo-beta-1,3-galactanase indicated that the enzyme consists of an n-terminal catalytic module with similarity to glycoside hydrolase family 43 and an additional unknown functional domain similar to carbohydrate-binding module family 6 (cbm6) in the c-terminal region. the molecular mass of the recombinant enzyme was estimated as 55 ... | 2005 | 15866877 |
| characteristics of novel lignin peroxidases produced by white-rot fungus phanerochaete sordida yk-624. | we characterized a lignin peroxidase (yk-lip2) isolated from shaking culture inoculated with the white-rot fungus phanerochaete sordida yk-624. the yk-lip2 enzyme was identified and purified to homogeneity by anion-exchange chromatography and gel permeation chromatography. the molecular weight of yk-lip2 was approximately 45 kda, and its absorption spectrum was almost the same as that of the lip (pc-lip) from p. chrysosporium. steady-state kinetics of veratryl alcohol (va) oxidation by yk-lip2 r ... | 2005 | 15869957 |
| the phanerochaete chrysosporium secretome: database predictions and initial mass spectrometry peptide identifications in cellulose-grown medium. | the white rot basidiomycete, phanerochaete chrysosporium, employs an array of extracellular enzymes to completely degrade the major polymers of wood: cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. towards the identification of participating enzymes, 268 likely secreted proteins were predicted using signalp and targetp algorithms. to assess the reliability of secretome predictions and to evaluate the usefulness of the current database, we performed shotgun lc-ms/ms on cultures grown on standard cellulose-c ... | 2005 | 15888348 |
| molecular cloning of developmentally specific genes by representational difference analysis during the fruiting body formation in the basidiomycete lentinula edodes. | to understand molecular mechanisms of the fruiting body development in basidiomycetes, we attempted to isolate developmentally regulated genes expressed specifically during the fruiting body formation of lentinula edodes (shiitake-mushroom). cdna representational difference analysis (cdna-rda) between vegetatively growing mycelium and two developmental substages, primordium and mature fruiting body, resulted in an isolation of 105 individual genes (51 in primordium and 54 in mature fruiting body ... | 2005 | 15893253 |
| nano-assembly of manganese peroxidase and lignin peroxidase from p. chrysosporium for biocatalysis in aqueous and non-aqueous media. | development, characterization, and activity studies of nano-assemblies of lignin peroxidase (lip), and manganese peroxidase (mnp) from phanerochaete chrysosporium on flat surfaces as well as colloidal particles have been investigated. these assemblies of lip and mnp were fabricated with polyelectrolytes-poly(ethylenimine) (pei), poly(dimethyldiallylammonium chloride) (pdda), and poly(allylamine) (pah)-using a layer-by-layer self-assembly technique (lbl). characterization of these assemblies on f ... | 2005 | 15916887 |
| enhanced production of manganese peroxidase from immobilized phanerochaete chrysosporium due to the increased autolysis of chlamydospore-like cells. | the autolysis of chlamydospore-like cells in phanerochaete chrysosporium immobilized in polyurethane foam correlated with the production of manganese peroxidase (mnp). the maximum specific activity of mnp was 1055 u g dry mycelium(-1) in the immobilized culture, compared with 260 u g dry mycelium(-1) in the submerged culture. scattered mycelial pellets were formed in the immobilized culture in which almost all of the chlamydospore-like cells were subject to autolysis. however, highly crowded pel ... | 2005 | 15928853 |
| electron transfer chain reaction of the extracellular flavocytochrome cellobiose dehydrogenase from the basidiomycete phanerochaete chrysosporium. | cellobiose dehydrogenase (cdh) is an extracellular flavocytochrome containing flavin and b-type heme, and plays a key role in cellulose degradation by filamentous fungi. to investigate intermolecular electron transfer from cdh to cytochrome c, phe166, which is located in the cytochrome domain and approaches one of propionates of heme, was mutated to tyr, and the thermodynamic and kinetic properties of the mutant (f166y) were compared with those of the wild-type (wt) enzyme. the mid-point potenti ... | 2005 | 15943818 |
| the nop gene from phanerochaete chrysosporium encodes a peroxidase with novel structural features. | inspection of the genome of the ligninolytic basidiomycete phanerochaete chrysosporium revealed an unusual peroxidase_like sequence. the corresponding full length cdna was sequenced and an archetypal secretion signal predicted. the deduced mature protein (nop, novel peroxidase) contains 295 aa residues and is therefore considerably shorter than other class ii (fungal) peroxidases, such as lignin peroxidases and manganese peroxidases. comparative modeling of nop was conducted using the crystal st ... | 2005 | 15950829 |
| genome-wide structural and evolutionary analysis of the p450 monooxygenase genes (p450ome) in the white rot fungus phanerochaete chrysosporium: evidence for gene duplications and extensive gene clustering. | phanerochaete chrysosporium, the model white rot basidiomycetous fungus, has the extraordinary ability to mineralize (to co2) lignin and detoxify a variety of chemical pollutants. its cytochrome p450 monooxygenases have recently been implied in several of these biotransformations. our initial p450 cloning efforts in p. chrysosporium and its subsequent whole genome sequencing have revealed an extraordinary p450 repertoire ("p450ome") containing at least 150 p450 genes with yet unknown function. i ... | 2005 | 15955240 |
| fungal biodegradation of naphthalene: microcosms studies. | the present work is aimed to ascertain naphthalene biodegradation capability of p. chrysosporium and t. harzianum in soil microcosms. considering the high naphthalene volatility, a suitable soil microcosm was set-up and used. several degradation tests were conducted with different c/n ratio media for the two fungi in order to enquire the best range of working conditions. the kinetic studies were conducted at a maximal naphthalene concentration of 600 mg kg(-1). during experimental time course na ... | 2005 | 15963802 |
| meiotic segregation analysis of restriction site polymorphisms allows rapid genetic mapping. | the white rot fungus phanerochaete chrysosporium is an efficient degrader of lignin. development of classical genetics in this organism would require several years of work, so an alternative strategy was devised. as in the mapping of human genetic diseases, the approach depends on the presence of interallelic restriction site polymorphism, but differs in following their meiotic segregation into the haploid state. using a set of 20 cloned sequences as probes we were able to demonstrate meiotic se ... | 1986 | 15966099 |
| physiological regulation, xenobiotic induction, and heterologous expression of p450 monooxygenase gene pc-3 (cyp63a3), a new member of the cyp63 gene cluster in the white-rot fungus phanerochaete chrysosporium. | in order to characterize the functional diversity in cyp63 cluster of tandemly linked p450 genes (pc-1, pc-2, and pc-3) in phanerochaete chrysosporium, here we report the functional characterization of pc-3 (cyp63a3), a newly cloned member of this group. pc-3 expression was favored in nutrient-limited versus nutrient-rich media in 3-6-day-old cultures and was upregulated by starch as a carbon source or by oxygenation of cultures. pc-3 was induced by various xenobiotics in defined nutrient-limite ... | 2005 | 15968506 |
| electrochemical oxidation of water by a cellobiose dehydrogenase from phanerochaete chrysosporium. | cellobiose dehydrogenase (cdh) is a redox protein containing two electron transfer centers; a flavin coenzyme performing a two-electron transfer reaction and an iron-heme coenzyme facilitating single-electron transfer. purified cdh from phanerochaete chrysosporium was immobilized on a pyrolytic graphite electrode and electron transfer from cellobiose to the electrode was generated. with cellobiose present during cyclic voltammetry, this novel enzyme/electrode system exhibited sharp, stable oxida ... | 2005 | 15973489 |
| a novel carrier for phanerochaete chrysosporium immobilization. | phanerochaete chrysosporium bkmf-1767 cells were immobilized on different carriers. the optimum carrier according to adsorbed p. chrysosporium cells number (86.38%) was determined to be polystyrene foam, a novel carrier. the conditions for the immobilization of cells on polystyrene foam were optimized and determined as 50 rpm, 37 degrees c, and 2h. the results show that the adsorption of p. chrysosporium on polystyrene foam follows the langmuir adsorption isotherm. high manganese peroxidase acti ... | 2004 | 15974183 |
| [identification of regulatory sequence of lip genes of phanerochaete chrysosporium under lignin-degradation.]. | eleven subcloned dna fragments from the 5'- upstream region of lipa, lipc and lipf of phanerochaete chrysosporium were assayed by using the gel mobility shift assay(gmsa). the total proteins extracted from p.chrysosporium mycelia grown in kirk medium and natural fir wood chip were used to identify the segments in these 11 dna fragments which are controlled by some regulatory proteins. the results showed that two dna segments lg2p3(396bp) and lg6s1-2 (738bp) in the 5'-noncoding regions of lipc an ... | 2005 | 15985410 |
| [monitoring of airborne fungus and yeast species in a hospital unit]. | to monitor and characterize airborne filamentous fungi and yeasts from abiotic and biotic sources within a hospital unit. | 2005 | 15997315 |
| microfungi in cultivated fields in eskişehir provience (turkey). | the soil microfungi flora was investigated in four locations of eskişehir (turkey). 56 soil samples were seasonaly collected from 14 stations in the areas of karacahöyük, bahçecik, ogu i, and ogu ii. a total of 110 species belonging to 32 genera were encountered including absidia, acremonium, alternaria, aspergillus, beauveria, botryoderma, chaetomium, chrysosporium, cladosporium, eupenicillium, eurotium, fusarium, geotrichum, gliocladium, gonytrichum, metarrhizium, mucor, myrothecium, paecilomy ... | 2005 | 16028200 |
| biodegradation study of crop residues as affected by exogenous inorganic nitrogen and fungal inoculants. | the comparative decomposition of chickpea residue, and chopped and unchopped wheat straw was investigated in pits for 120 days. microbial biomass, humus, c/n ratio, ph, electrical conductivity (ec), dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, cellulase, xylanase, total phenol and soluble protein were determined to assess their response to the addition of inorganic nitrogen and mixed fungal inoculum of aspergillus nidulans, phanerochaete chrysosporium and trichoderma viride. the evaluation of physico-ch ... | 2005 | 16028202 |
| molecular characterization of cytochrome p450 catalyzing hydroxylation of benzoates from the white-rot fungus phanerochaete chrysosporium. | we cloned full-length cdna (pccyp1f) encoding one of the cytochrome p450s in the lignin-degrading basidiomycete phanerochaete chrysosporium, which showed high homology to p450s in the cyp53 family. pccyp1f was expressed as an active microsomal protein using the methylotrophic yeast pichia pastoris expression system. using the microsomal fraction containing pccyp1f, a typical p450 co-difference spectrum was obtained with absorption maximum at 448nm. recombinant pccyp1f catalyzed the hydroxylation ... | 2005 | 16039998 |
| catalytic activity of lignin peroxidase and partition of veratryl alcohol in aot/isooctane/toluene/water reverse micelles. | the activity of lignin peroxidase (lip) and the partition of its optimum substrate veratryl alcohol (va) in sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl)sulfosuccinate (aot)/isooctane/toluene/water reverse micelles were studied in this paper to understand the microheterogeneous effect of the medium on the catalytic properties of lip hosted in the reverse micelle. results showed that lip from phanerochaete chrysosporium could express its activity in the reverse micelles, but its activity depended, to a great extent, ... | 2006 | 16080008 |
| characterization of carbohydrate-binding cytochrome b562 from the white-rot fungus phanerochaete chrysosporium. | cdna encoding a hemoprotein similar to the cytochrome domain of extracellular flavocytochrome cellobiose dehydrogenase (cdh) was cloned from the white-rot fungus phanerochaete chrysosporium. the deduced amino acid sequence implies that there is a two-domain structure consisting of an n-terminal cytochrome domain and a c-terminal family 1 carbohydrate-binding module (cbm1) but that the flavin-containing domain of cdh is not present. the gene transcripts were observed in cultures in cellulose medi ... | 2005 | 16085848 |
| degradation of cl-20 by white-rot fungi. | in previous studies, we found that the emerging energetic chemical, cl-20 (c6h6n12o12, 2,4,6,8,10,12-hexanitro-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaazaisowurtzitane), can be degraded following its initial denitration using both aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. the c and n mass balances were not determined due to the absence of labeled starting compounds. the present study describes the degradation of the emerging contaminant by phanerochaete chrysosporium using ring-labeled [15n]-cl-20 and [14c]-cl-20. ligninolytic ... | 2006 | 16112713 |
| biocatalytic decolourisation of molasses by phanerochaete chrysosporium. | bioremediation potential of phanerochaete chrysosporium strains ncim 1073, ncim 1106 and ncim 1197 to decolourise molasses in solid and liquid molasses media was studied. strains varied in the pattern of molasses decolourisation on solid medium by giant colony method. under submerged cultivation conditions, strain ncim 1073 did not decolourise molasses while, strains ncim 1106 and ncim 1197 could decolourise molasses up to 82% and 76%, respectively. under stationary cultivation conditions, none ... | 2006 | 16115759 |
| solid state fermentation of achras zapota lignocellulose by phanerochaete chrysosporium. | the biological transformation of lignocellulose of achras zapota by white rot fungi, phanerochaete chrysosporium, in solid state fermentation (ssf) was studied for 28 days. the kinetic transformation of lignocellulose was monitored through the determination of acid soluble and acid insoluble lignin content, total organic carbon (toc) and chemical oxygen demand (cod). the lignolytic enzymes, lignin peroxidase (lip) and manganese peroxidase (mnp) were quantified on weekly intervals. the degradatio ... | 2006 | 16122921 |
| dc-sign mediates the binding of aspergillus fumigatus and keratinophylic fungi by human dendritic cells. | human contact with fungi does not usually lead to pathological consequences, as the immune system manages to defeat the invader pathogens. nevertheless, under immune suppression, fungi overcome immune defenses and cause diseases that range from nonserious colonizations of keratinizated tissue (dermatophytosis) to life threatening disseminated infections (aspergillosis). host defenses against fungi rely on innate and adaptative responses, with dendritic cell (dc) and macrophage surface receptors ... | 2005 | 16164024 |
| fungal bioconversion of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-d) and 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-dcp). | ninety strains of fungi from the collection of our mycology laboratory were tested in galzy and slonimski (gs) synthetic liquid medium for their ability to degrade the herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-d) and its by-product, 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-dcp) at 100 mg l(-1), each. evolution of the amounts of each chemical in the culture media was monitored by hplc. after 5 days of cultivation, the best results were obtained with aspergillus penicilloides and mortierella isabellina for 2,4 ... | 2005 | 16201028 |
| loofa sponge immobilized fungal biosorbent: a robust system for cadmium and other dissolved metal removal from aqueous solution. | the potential of loofa sponge discs to immobilize fungal biomass of phanerochaete chrysosporium (a known biosorbent) was investigated as a low cost biosorbent for the removal of cd(ii) ions from aqueous solution. a comparison of the biosorption of cd(ii) by immobilized and free fungal biomass from 10 to 500 mg l(-1) aqueous solutions showed an increase in uptake of over 19% when the biomass is immobilized (maximum biosorption capacity of 89 and 74 mg cd(ii) g(-1) biomass for immobilized and free ... | 2005 | 16202804 |
| keratinophilic fungi recovered from muddy soil in cairo vicinities, egypt. | one hundred samples of muddy soil were collected from seven areas in the vicinity of cairo and screened for the presence of keratinophilic fungi by using hair baiting isolation technique. forty isolates of keratinophilic fungi were recovered and identified by recognition of their cultures, macro- and micromorphological features. their physiological and molecular characteristics were studied by determination of their ubiquinone (coenzyme q) composition and dna sequences of (its1-5.8s-its2) and 18 ... | 2005 | 16205974 |
| production of fungal biomass immobilized loofa sponge (fbils)-discs for the removal of heavy metal ions and chlorinated compounds from aqueous solution. | a white rot basidiomycete, phanerochaete chrysosporium, was immobilized on loofa sponge (fbils) discs. it removed ca. 37 and 71 mg cd (ii) g(-1) from 50 and 200 mg l(-1) aqueous solutions and up to 89% of 4-chloroanisole from a 10 mg l(-1) aqueous solution. fbils are physically strong and chemically recalcitrant, resisting temperature, mechanical agitation, and variations in ph without alteration to shape, structure or texture. | 2005 | 16215832 |
| metabolic regulation at the tricarboxylic acid and glyoxylate cycles of the lignin-degrading basidiomycete phanerochaete chrysosporium against exogenous addition of vanillin. | a proteomic differential display technique was utilized to study cellular responses of phanerochaete chrysosporium exposed to vanillin, one of the key intermediates found during lignin biodegradation. intracellular proteins were resolved by 2-de and target protein spots were identified using maldi-ms after in-gel tryptic digestions. upon addition of vanillin to p. chrysosporium, up-regulation of homogentisate 1,2-dioxygenase, 1,4-benzoquinone reductases, aldehyde dehydrogenase, and aryl-alcohol ... | 2005 | 16217726 |
| biosoftening of coir fiber using selected microorganisms. | coir fiber belongs to the group of hard structural fibers obtained from coconut husk. as lignin is the main constituent of coir responsible for its stiffness, microbes that selectively remove lignin without loss of appreciable amounts of cellulose are extremely attractive in biosoftening. five isolated strains were compared with known strains of bacteria and fungi. the raw fiber treated with pseudomonas putida and phanerocheate chrysosporium produced better softened fiber at 30+/-2 degrees c and ... | 2005 | 16220267 |
| growth of phanerochaete chrysosporium on diesel fuel hydrocarbons at neutral ph. | generally, the white-rot fungus phanerochaete chrysosporium performs its biodegradative activities in liquid culture while growing on easily utilized carbon sources such as malt- or potato-extract. however, less is known about the potential of this organism to grow directly on environmental pollutants without regard to special conditions. growth of p. chrysosporium on a middle fraction (mf) of diesel fuel at neutral ph in mineral medium under non-ligninolytic conditions was explored. after 14 d, ... | 2006 | 16226785 |
| microarray-based global differential expression profiling of p450 monooxygenases and regulatory proteins for signal transduction pathways in the white rot fungus phanerochaete chrysosporium. | whole genome sequencing of the model white rot basidiomycete phanerochaete chrysosporium has revealed the largest p450 contingent known to date in fungi, along with related phase i and phase ii metabolic genes and signaling cascade genes. as a part of their functional characterization, genome-wide expression profiling under physiologically distinct conditions, nutrient-limited (ligninolytic) and nutrient-rich (non-ligninolytic), was investigated using a custom-designed 70-mer oligonucleotide mic ... | 2005 | 16231151 |
| effect of seed culture on solid-state bioconversion of wheat straw by phanerochaete chrysosporium for animal feed production. | the solid-state bioconversion of wheat straw by phanerochaete chrysosporium for the production of animal feed was studied. this study was performed based on a central composite experimental design. the conditions of the seed culture most suitable for rapid induction of the ligninolytic activity of the fungus, when the seed culture is subsequently used for solid-state bioconversion of wheat straw, were determined. when the seed culture with an initial ph of 5.8 was grown under agitated conditions ... | 2002 | 16233160 |
| family 3 beta-glucosidase from cellulose-degrading culture of the white-rot fungus phanerochaete chrysosporium is a glucan 1,3-beta-glucosidase. | the substrate specificity of an extracellular beta-glucosidase (bgl) from cellulose-degrading culture of the white-rot fungus phanerochaete chrysosporium was investigated, using a variety of compounds with beta-glucosidic linkages. amino acid sequencing data for the purified bgl showed that the enzyme is identical to the glycoside hydrolase (gh) family 3 bgl of the same fungus previously reported [li, b. and renganathan, v, appl. environ. microbiol., 64, 2748-2754 (1998)]. the bgl can hydrolyze ... | 2003 | 16233459 |
| chemical properties and nmr spectroscopic identification of certain fungal siderophores. | siderophores of six fungi viz. aspergillus sp. abp4, aureobacidium pullulans, penicillium oxalicum, p. chrysosporium, mycotypha africana and syncephalastrum racemosum were examined for their (1) electrophoretic mobilities to determine the acidic, basic or neutral charge; (2) fe (iii) binding nature viz., mono-, di-, or trihydroxamate; (3) amino acid composition; and (4) nmr (nuclear magnetic resonance) spectroscopy to determine their structure. electrophoretic mobilities of siderophores of 3 fun ... | 2005 | 16235721 |
| role of chrysosporium keratinophillum in the parasitic evolution of dermatophytes. | anti-dermatophytic activity of chrysosporium keratinophillum against species of the genera trichophyton, microsporum and epidermophyton floccosum was tested in vitro. when c. keratinophillum and different species of dermatophytes were inoculated on sabouraud's dextrose agar plates 2 cm apart, no antagonistic effect of c. keratinophillum on the mycelial growth of dermatophytes was observed. however, conidia production was not observed on the hyphae of trichophyton rubrum, trichophyton tonsurans a ... | 2005 | 16262884 |
| [rt--pcr analysis of phanerochaete chrysosporium lip genes in colonized fir wood]. | expression of phanerochaete chrysosporium lip a2 (glg3) lip c1 (glg2) lip c2 (glgs) lipd2( glg1), lipe (lp0811) genes were analyzed by rt-pcr method. it was showed that some genes were expressed in special colonized period. only lip a2 (glg3) transcription occured in the 2nd week and the 8th week, both lip c1 (glg2) and lip d2 (glg1) gene transcription was checked out in the period of 6 weeks. however, no lip genes were expressed in the time of 4 weeks. these results indicated that lip gene expr ... | 2003 | 16276873 |
| a preliminary study of the occurrence of actidione-resistant fungi in sediments of catalonian river mouths (spain). i. keratinolytic fungi and related onygenales. | sediments from eight river mouths along the catalonian coast (spain) were surveyed for keratinolytic fungi and related onygenales. the actidione plating technique was employed. of 532 actidione-treated sediment samples, 268 (50.3%) were positive for the fungi. altogether, 384 fungal strains from 35 species were isolated from the samples. narasimhella marginospora, aphanoascus fulvescens, neoarachnotheca keratinophila with its anamorph myriodontium keratinophilum, narasimhella hyalinospora, beauv ... | 1998 | 16284860 |
| keratinophilic fungi isolated from soils of mumbai, india. | eighty-seven soil samples were collected from various areas of mumbai and its vicinity to determine the prevalence of keratinophilic fungi. from the 55 positive samples (63.21%), a total of four genera with nine species were isolated viz. chrysosporium indicum (28.73%),c. lobatum (2.29 %), c. sp.i (1.14%), c. sp. ii (1.14%),c. tropicum (1.14%),c. zonatum (2.29%),ctenomyces serratus (2.29%)malbranchea aurantiaca (2.29%) andmicrosporum gypseum complex (21.83%). | 1999 | 16284864 |
| effect of nitrogen concentration in culture mediums on growth and enzyme production of phanerochaete chrysosporium. | effect of different nitrogen concentration in the mediums on growth and enzyme production of phanerochaete chrysosporium was studied when glucose concentration was 10 g/l. the results showed that the medium contained 0.8 g/l ammonium tartrate is the best. it not only supply abundant nutrients for the growth of phanerochaete chrysosporium, which make mycelia the best grow compared with the other medium, but also produce higher manganese-dependent peroxidase (mnp) and laccase (lac) activity. in ad ... | 2005 | 16295886 |
| agrobacterium-mediated delivery of marker genes to phanerochaete chrysosporium mycelial pellets: a model transformation system for white-rot fungi. | the lack of an efficient transformation system in filamentous fungi is one of the major problems in carrying out cloning and expression of genes to produce a value-added product at the commercial level. therefore an attempt has been made to develop an efficient, convenient and expeditious genetic transformation system for successful transfer of transferred dna, carrying the genes coding for gus (beta-glucuronidase) (uida), green fluorescent protein (gfp) and hygromycin phosphotransferase (hpt) t ... | 2006 | 16302847 |
| solid state bioconversion of oil palm biomass for ligninase enzyme production. | a laboratory-scale study of bioconversion of local lignocellulosic material, oil palm biomass (opb) was conducted by evaluating the enzyme production through microbial treatment in solid state bioconversion (ssb). opb in the form of empty fruit bunches (efb) was used as a solid substrate and treated with the white-rot fungus, phanerochaete chrysosporium, to produce ligninase. the results showed that the highest ligninase activity of 400.27 u/liter was obtained at day 12 of fermentation. while th ... | 2005 | 16317964 |
| bioremediation of pulp and paper mill effluent with phanerochaete chrysosporium. | the present study reports on the treatment of pulp and paper mill effluent by phanerochaete chlysosporium and the same has been compared at two different ph, 5.5 and 8.5. at both the ph, colour, cod, lignin content and total phenols of the effluent significantly declined after bioremediation. however, greater decolourisation and reduction in cod, lignin content and total phenols were observed at ph 5.5. such bioremediated effluent of pulp and paper mill could gainfully be utilized for crop irrig ... | 2005 | 16334292 |
| molecular cloning and characterization of a peroxiredoxin from phanerochaete chrysosporium. | peroxiredoxins (prxs) are a ubiquitous family of peroxidases widely distributed among prokaryotes and eukaryotes. here, we report on the cloning and functional characterization of a cdna designated pcprx-1, encoding peroxiredoxin from the white-rot fungus phanerochaete chrysosporium. the full-length pcprx-1 cdna (932 bp) contains an open reading frame of 200 amino acid residues with a molecular mass of 22.1 kda. the deduced primary structure of pcprx-1 polypeptide shows a high level of sequence ... | 2005 | 16341274 |
| [agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation of the white-rot basidiomycete, phanerochaete chrysosporium]. | agrobacterium tumefaciens has been used to transfer its t-dna to filamentous fungus phanerochaete chrysosporium. a dna fragment containing recombinant hygromycin b phosphotransferase gene (rhyg(r)) which is controlled by a promoter from p. chrysosporium and the lignin peroxidase gene terminator was cut out from pch6, and inserted into a plant binary plasmid pcamb1300, resulted in the recombinant plasmid pch6-1300. the plasmid pch6-1300 was then transformed into agrobacterium tumefaciens strain a ... | 2005 | 16342777 |
| bioremediation of pb-contaminated soil by incubating with phanerochaete chrysosporium and straw. | the bioremediation of the simulated lead (pb)-contaminated soils by incubating with phanerochaete chrysosporium and straw was studied at laboratory-scale. the soil ph, pb concentration, soil microbial biomass, microbial metabolic quotient, microbial quotient and microbial biomass c-to-n ratios were monitored. the above indicators were to study the stress of pb on soil and the microbial effects during the bioremediation process. it was found that the soils treated with p. chrysosporium and straw ... | 2006 | 16343764 |
| requirement for a growth substrate during lignin decomposition by two wood-rotting fungi. | decomposition of c-labeled lignin to co(2) by the lignin-decomposing fungi phanerochaete chrysosporium and coriolus versicolor required a growth substrate such as cellulose or glucose. growth with lignin as sole carbon addition to an otherwise complete medium was negligible. | 1976 | 16345166 |
| phanerochaete chrysosporium beta-glucosidases: induction, cellular localization, and physical characterization. | phanerochaete chrysosporium produces intracellular soluble and particulate beta-glucosidases and an extracellular beta-glucosidase. the extracellular enzyme is induced by cellulose but repressed in the presence of glucose. the molecular weight of this enzyme is 90,000. the k(m) for p-nitrophenyl-beta-glucoside is 1.6 x 10 m; the k(i) for glucose, a competitive inhibitor, is 5.0 x 10 m. the k(m) for cellobiose is 5.3 x 10 m. the intracellular soluble enzyme is induced by cellobiose; this inductio ... | 1979 | 16345389 |
| metabolism of radiolabeled beta-guaiacyl ether-linked lignin dimeric compounds by phanerochaete chrysosporium. | phanerochaete chrysosporium metabolized the radiolabeled lignin model compounds [gamma-c]guaiacylglycerol-beta-guaiacyl ether and [4-methoxy-c]veratrylglycerol-beta-guaiacyl ether (vi) to co(2) in stationary and in shaking cultures. co(2) evolution was greater in stationary culture. co(2) evolution from [gamma-c]guaiacyl-glycerol-beta-guaiacyl ether and [4-methoxy-c]veratrylglycerol-beta-guaiacyl ether in stationary cultures was two- to threefold greater when 100% o(2) rather than air (21% o(2)) ... | 1980 | 16345527 |
| separation and some properties of two intracellular beta-glucosidases of sporotrichum (chrysosporium) thermophile. | intracellular, inducible beta-glucosidase from the cellulolytic fungus sporotrichum (chrysosporium) thermophile (atcc 42464) was fractionated by gel chromatography or isoelectric focusing into components a and b. enzyme a (molecular weight 440,000) had only aryl-beta-glucosidase activity, whereas enzyme b (molecular weight 40,000) hydrolyzed several beta-glucosides but had only low activity against o-nitrophenyl-beta-d-glucopyranoside (onpg). both enzymes had temperature optima of about 50 degre ... | 1981 | 16345755 |
| polyguaiacol: a useful model polymer for lignin biodegradation research. | a polymer of ring-labeled [c]o-methoxyphenol ([c]guaiacol) was prepared by peroxidase-h(2)o(2)-catalyzed oxidation of the c-labeled monomeric compound. the ring-labeled [c]polyguaiacol contained 67.71% carbon, 5.09% hydrogen, 27.49% oxygen, 25.44% methoxyl, and 8.60% phenolic hydroxyl. the polymer had an average molecular weight of between 5,000 and 15,000, as determined by gel chromatography. a schematic representation of the polymer, similar to previously published structures of polyguaiacols, ... | 1981 | 16345766 |
| nutritional regulation of lignin degradation by phanerochaete chrysosporium. | previous studies have shown that a lignin-degrading system appears in cultures of the white rot fungus phanerochaete chrysosporium in response to nitrogen starvation, apparently as part of secondary metabolism. we examined the influence of limiting carbohydrate, sulfur, or phosphorus and the effect of varying the concentrations of four trace metals, ca, and mg. limitation of carbohydrate or sulfur but not limitation of phosphorus triggered ligninolytic activity. when only carbohydrate was limiti ... | 1981 | 16345829 |
| ultrastructural localization of hydrogen peroxide production in ligninolytic phanerochaete chrysosporium cells. | previous studies have shown that the hydroxyl radical derived from hydrogen peroxide (h(2)o(2)) is involved in lignin degradation by phanerochaete chrysosporium. in the present study, the ultrastructural sites of h(2)o(2) production in ligninolytic cells of p. chrysosporium were demonstrated by cytochemically staining cells with 3,3'-diaminobenzidine (dab). hydrogen peroxide production, as evidenced by the presence of oxidized dab deposits, appeared to be localized in the periplasmic space of ce ... | 1982 | 16346099 |
| isolation and complementation studies of auxotrophic mutants of the lignin-degrading basidiomycete phanerochaete chrysosporium. | a variety of auxotrophic strains of phanerochaete chrysosporium were isolated after treatment of conidia with uv and x rays. complementation studies with these strains demonstrated heterokaryotic mycelia and conidia in this organism. nuclear staining also showed that conidia can be mono-, di-, or multinucleate. complementation tests allowed the separation of each auxotrophic class with the same phenotype into complementation groups. | 1982 | 16346124 |
| effects of nitrogen supplements on degradation of aspen wood lignin and carbohydrate components by phanerochaete chrysosporium. | a supplement of kh(2)po(4), mgso(4), cacl(2), trace elements, and thiamine accelerated the initial rate of aspen wood decay by phanerochaete chrysosporium but did not increase the extent of lignin degradation. asparagine, casein hydrolysate, and urea supplements (1% added n) strongly inhibited lignin degradation and weight loss. the complex nitrogen sources peptone and yeast extract stimulated lignin degradation and weight loss. albumen and nh(4)cl had intermediate effects. conversion of [c]lign ... | 1983 | 16346246 |
| effects of nitrogen sources on cellulose and synthetic lignin degradation by phanerochaete chrysosporium. | phanerochaete chrysosporium degraded cellulose faster with organic nitrogen sources than with nh(4)cl. simple and complex nitrogen sources added at the time of inoculation to n-limited cultures of p. chrysosporium, with glucose as carbon/energy source, transiently stimulated degradation of synthetic [c]lignin to co(2). the same nitrogen sources added 5 days after inoculation, when the cultures were entering secondary metabolism, delayed co(2) production. the various n sources affected synthetic ... | 1983 | 16346247 |
| decolorization of several polymeric dyes by the lignin-degrading basidiomycete phanerochaete chrysosporium. | the polymeric dyes poly b-411, poly r-481, and poly y-606 were examined as possible alternatives to the radiolabeled lignin previously used as a substrate in lignin biodegradation assays. like lignin degradation, the decolorization of these dyes by the white rot basidiomycete phanerochaete chrysosporium occurred during secondary metabolism, was suppressed in cultures grown in the presence of high levels of nitrogen, and was strongly dependent on the oxygen concentration in the cultures. a variet ... | 1983 | 16346307 |
| rapid degradation of isolated lignins by phanerochaete chrysosporium. | phanerochaete chrysosporium degraded purified kraft lignin, alkali-extracted and dioxane-extracted straw lignin, and lignosulfonates at a similar rate, producing small-molecular-weight ( approximately 1,000) soluble products which comprised 25 to 35% of the original lignins. at concentrations of 1 g of lignin liter, 90 to 100% of the acid-insoluble kraft, alkali straw, and dioxane straw lignins were degraded by 1 g of fungal mycelium liter within an active ligninolytic period of 2 to 3 days. cul ... | 1983 | 16346314 |
| degradation of phenolic compounds and ring cleavage of catechol by phanerochaete chrysosporium. | pol-88, a mutant of the white-rot fungus phanerochaete chrysosporium, was selected for diminished phenol-oxidizing enzyme activity. a wide variety of phenolic compounds were degraded by ligninolytic cultures of this mutant. with several o-diphenolic substrates, degradation intermediates were produced that had uv spectra consistent with muconic acids. extensive spectrophotometric and polarographic assays failed to detect classical ring-cleaving dioxygenases in cell homogenates or in extracts from ... | 1983 | 16346340 |
| formation, fusion, and regeneration of protoplasts from wild-type and auxotrophic strains of the white rot basidiomycete phanerochaete chrysosporium. | a preparation of two commercial enzymes was used to liberate protoplasts from 16-h-old mycelium of phanerochaete chrysosporium. regeneration frequencies of up to 5% were attained when the protoplasts were plated in a medium containing 10% sorbose and 3% agar. fusion of protoplasts from different auxotrophic strains in polyethylene glycol-ca produced heterokaryons. separation of the heterokaryons into their constituent homokaryotic strains could be effected through protoplast release and formatio ... | 1983 | 16346345 |
| relationship between lignin degradation and production of reduced oxygen species by phanerochaete chrysosporium. | the relationship between the production of reduced oxygen species, hydrogen peroxide (h(2)o(2)), superoxide (o(2)), and hydroxyl radical (.oh), and the oxidation of synthetic lignin to co(2) was studied in whole cultures of the white-rot fungus phanerochaete chrysosporium burds. the kinetics of the synthesis of h(2)o(2) coincided with the appearance of the ligninolytic system; also, h(2)o(2) production was markedly enhanced by growth under 100% o(2), mimicking the increase in ligninolytic activi ... | 1983 | 16346420 |
| degradation of the gamma-carboxyl-containing diarylpropane lignin model compound 3-(4'-ethoxy-3'-methoxyphenyl)-2-(4''-methoxyphenyl)propionic acid by the basidiomycete phanerochaete chrysosporium. | the white-rot basidiomycete phanerochaete chrysosporium metabolized 3-(4'-ethoxy-3'-methoxyphenyl)-2-(4''-methoxyphenyl)propionic acid (v) in low-nitrogen, stationary cultures, conditions under which ligninolytic activity is expressed. the ability of several fungal mutant strains to degrade v reflected their ability to degrade [c]lignin to co(2). 1-(4'-ethoxy-3'-methoxyphenyl)-2-(4''-methoxyphenyl)-2- hydroxyethane (vii), anisyl alcohol, and 4-ethoxy-3-methoxybenzyl alcohol were isolated as meta ... | 1984 | 16346499 |
| factors involved in the regulation of a ligninase activity in phanerochaete chrysosporium. | the regulation of an h(2)o(2)-dependent ligninolytic activity was examined in the wood decay fungus phanerochaete chrysosporium. the ligninase appears in cultures upon limitation for nitrogen or carbohydrate and is suppressed by excess nutrients, by cycloheximide, or by culture agitation. activity is increased by idiophasic exposure of cultures to 100% o(2). elevated levels of ligninase and, in some cases, of extracellular h(2)o(2) production are detected after brief incubation of cultures with ... | 1985 | 16346716 |
| genetic recombination in the lignin-degrading basidiomycete phanerochaete chrysosporium. | heterokaryons made from auxotrophic strains of the lignin-degrading basidiomycete phanerochaete chrysosporium were induced to fruit. the isolation of wild-type and double-mutant phenotypes from these crosses indicated that genetic recombination had occurred. cytological studies demonstrated that more than 90% of the basidiospores from the wild-type and auxotrophic strains and from forced heterokaryons were binucleate. colonies of the wild-type strain of p. chrysosporium arising from single, pred ... | 1985 | 16346838 |
| production of ligninases and degradation of lignin in agitated submerged cultures of phanerochaete chrysosporium. | research on the extracellular hemeprotein ligninases of phanerochaete chrysosporium has been hampered by the necessity to produce them in stationary culture. this investigation examined the effects of detergents on development of ligninase activity in agitated submerged cultures. results show that addition of tween 80, tween 20, or 3-[(3-colamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]1-propanesulfonate to the cultures permits development of ligninase activity comparable to that routinely obtained in stationary ... | 1985 | 16346932 |
| arylglycerol-gamma-formyl ester as an aromatic ring cleavage product of nonphenolic beta-o-4 lignin substructure model compounds degraded by coriolus versicolor. | 4-ethoxy-3-methoxyphenylglycerol-gamma-formyl ester (compound iv) was identified as a degradation product of both 4-ethoxy-3-methoxyphenylglycerol-beta-syringaldehyde ether (compound i) and 4-ethoxy-3-methoxyphenylglycerol-beta-2,6-dimethoxyphenyl ether (compound ii) by a ligninolytic culture of coriolus versicolor. an isotopic experiment with a c-labeled compound (compound ii') indicated that the formyl group of compound iv was derived from the beta-phenoxyl group of beta-o-4 dimer as an aromat ... | 1985 | 16346950 |
| catabolic fate of streptomyces viridosporus t7a-produced, acid-precipitable polymeric lignin upon incubation with ligninolytic streptomyces species and phanerochaete chrysosporium. | degradation of ground and hot-water-extracted corn stover (zea mays) lignocellulose by streptomyces viridosporus t7a generates a water-soluble lignin degradation intermediate termed acid-precipitable polymeric lignin (appl). the further catabolism of t7a-appl by s. viridosporus t7a, s. badius 252, and s. setonii 75vi2 was followed for 3 weeks in aerated shake flask cultures at 37 degrees c in a yeast extract-glucose medium containing 0.05% (wt/vol) t7a-appl. appl catabolism by phanerochaete chry ... | 1986 | 16346967 |
| characterization of leucine auxotrophs of the white rot basidiomycete phanerochaete chrysosporium. | six leucine auxotrophic strains of the white rot basidiomycete phanerochaete chrysosporium were characterized genetically and biochemically. complementation studies involving the use of heterokaryons identified three leucine complementation groups. since all of the leucine auxotrophs grew on minimal medium supplemented with alpha-ketoisocaproate as well as with leucine, the transaminase catalyzing the last step in the leucine pathway was apparently normal in all strains. therefore, the wild-type ... | 1986 | 16347073 |
| role of veratryl alcohol in regulating ligninase activity in phanerochaete chrysosporium. | ligninase activity in phanerochaete chrysosporium is stimulated by incubating cultures with various substrates for the enzyme, including veratryl (3,4-dimethoxybenzyl) alcohol, which is a secondary metabolite of this fungus. this study was designed to provide insight into the mechanism involved in this stimulation. ligninase activity increased 2 to 4 h after the addition of exogenous veratryl alcohol to ligninolytic cultures. this increase was prevented by inhibitors of protein synthesis. analys ... | 1986 | 16347125 |
| selection and improvement of lignin-degrading microorganisms: potential strategy based on lignin model-amino acid adducts. | the purpose of this investigation was to test a potential strategy for the ligninase-dependent selection of lignin-degrading microorganisms. the strategy involves covalently bonding amino acids to lignin model compounds in such a way that ligninase-catalyzed cleavage of the models releases the amino acids for growth nitrogen. here we describe the synthesis of glycine-n-2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethane-2-ol (i) and demonstrate that growth (as measured by mycelial nitrogen content) of the known ligni ... | 1987 | 16347273 |
| mating system and basidiospore formation in the lignin-degrading basidiomycete phanerochaete chrysosporium. | prototrophic strains recovered from crosses between auxotrophic strains of the lignin-degrading basidiomycete phanerochaete chrysosporium were induced to fruit. the progeny of most of these self-crosses were prototrophic, indicating that the nuclei of the original prototroph were wild-type recombinants rather than complementary heterokaryons and that the binucleate basidiospores of this organism are homokaryotic. various wild-type strains were shown to have multinucleate cells lacking clamp conn ... | 1987 | 16347375 |
| initial steps in the pathway for bacterial degradation of two tetrameric lignin model compounds. | we investigated the metabolic route by which a lignin tetramer-degrading mixed bacterial culture degraded two tetrameric lignin model compounds containing beta-o-4 and 5-5 biphenyl structures. the alpha-hydroxyl groups in the propane chain of both phenolic and nonphenolic tetramers were first oxidized symmetrically in two successive steps to give monoketones and diketones. these ketone metabolites were decomposed through c(alpha)(=o)-c(beta) cleavage, forming trimeric carboxyl acids which were f ... | 1987 | 16347484 |