| plant growth-promoting potential of endophytic bacteria isolated from roots of coastal sand dune plants. | endophytic bacteria associated with the roots of coastal sand dune plants were isolated, taxonomically characterized, and tested for their plant growth-promoting activities. ninety-one endophytic bacterial isolates were collected and assigned to 17 different genera of 6 major bacterial phyla based on partial 16s rdna sequence analyses. gammaproteobacteria represented the majority of the isolates (65.9%), and members of pseudomonas constituted 49.5% of the total isolates. when testing for antagon ... | 2007 | 18051606 |
| effect of water deficit irrigation and inoculation with botrytis cinerea on strawberry (fragaria x ananassa) fruit quality. | deficit irrigation (di) detrimentally affected berry size but had a profound effect on fruit physiology and biochemistry. strawberry cv. elsanta fruit from di-treated plants had higher levels of abscisic acid (aba). dry matter content as a proportion of fresh weight was increased by a quarter in fruit from water-stressed plants as compared to fruit harvested from plants held at or near field capacity. concomitant to this, the concentration of some taste-related (viz. monosaccharides and sugar/ac ... | 2007 | 18052034 |
| fumigant activity of essential oils and components of illicium verum and schizonepeta tenuifolia against botrytis cinerea and colletotrichum gloeosporioides. | to develop a natural fungicide against botrytis cinerea and colletotrichum gloeosporioides, a total of 25 essential oils were tested for their fumigant activity against post-harvest pathogens. the vaporous phases of oils were treated to each fungus on potato dextrose agar medium in half-plate separated petri plates at 10 microg per plate. the essential oil of illicium verum strongly inhibited the mycelial growth of both b. cinerea and c. gloeosporioides by over 90%. on the other hand, the essent ... | 2007 | 18062240 |
| transgenic expression of a fungal endo-polygalacturonase increases plant resistance to pathogens and reduces auxin sensitivity. | polygalacturonases (pgs), enzymes that hydrolyze the homogalacturonan of the plant cell wall, are virulence factors of several phytopathogenic fungi and bacteria. on the other hand, pgs may activate defense responses by releasing oligogalacturonides (ogs) perceived by the plant cell as host-associated molecular patterns. tobacco (nicotiana tabacum) and arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana) plants expressing a fungal pg (pg plants) have a reduced content of homogalacturonan. here, we show that pg pl ... | 2008 | 18065558 |
| root inoculation with a forest soil streptomycete leads to locally and systemically increased resistance against phytopathogens in norway spruce. | soil streptomycetes are commonly antagonistic against plant pathogens. however, interactions involving increased defense responses in the host plant, leading to suppression of plant disease development, have not yet been detailed. here, the mechanisms were studied of disease suppression by streptomyces sp. gb 4-2 against heterobasidion root and butt rot in norway spruce (picea abies) seedlings. gb 4-2 promoted mycelial growth of the phytopathogenic fungus, germination rate of fungal spores, exte ... | 2008 | 18086220 |
| two allopolyploid ascomycete fungal plant pathogens were not rescued by vertical transmission. | | 2008 | 18086225 |
| partial demethylation of oligogalacturonides by pectin methyl esterase 1 is required for eliciting defence responses in wild strawberry (fragaria vesca). | in addition to the role of the cell wall as a physical barrier against pathogens, some of its constituents, such as pectin-derived oligogalacturonides (oga), are essential components for elicitation of defence responses. to investigate how modifications of pectin alter defence responses, we expressed the fruit-specific fragaria x ananassa pectin methyl esterase fape1 in the wild strawberry fragaria vesca. pectin from transgenic ripe fruits differed from the wild-type with regard to the degree an ... | 2008 | 18088306 |
| a cysteine-rich receptor-like kinase ncrk and a pathogen-induced protein kinase rbk1 are rop gtpase interactors. | in plants, rop/rac gtpases have emerged as central regulators of diverse signalling pathways in plant growth and pathogen defence. when active, they interact with a wide range of downstream effectors. using yeast two-hybrid screening we have found three previously uncharacterized receptor-like protein kinases to be rop gtpase-interacting molecules: a cysteine-rich receptor kinase, named ncrk, and two receptor-like cytosolic kinases from the arabidopsis rlck-vib family, named rbk1 and rbk2. uniqu ... | 2008 | 18088316 |
| a systems biology approach identifies a r2r3 myb gene subfamily with distinct and overlapping functions in regulation of aliphatic glucosinolates. | glucosinolates are natural metabolites in the order brassicales that defend plants against both herbivores and pathogens and can attract specialized insects. knowledge about the genes controlling glucosinolate regulation is limited. here, we identify three r2r3 myb transcription factors regulating aliphatic glucosinolate biosynthesis in arabidopsis by combining several systems biology tools. | 2007 | 18094747 |
| preliminary study on biomarkers for the fungal resistance in vitis vinifera leaves. | we examined the leaf chemical composition of six seedlings obtained by self-pollination of the bulgarian wine-making variety storgozia as well as the cultivar bouquet, which is the susceptible parent of storgozia. the chemical composition was investigated in the framework of a program for identification of metabolites associated with disease resistance in grape-vine. acetone, dichloromethane and butanol extracts, as well as volatiles obtained from fresh material were analyzed by gc/ms. based on ... | 2008 | 18155317 |
| a botrytis cinerea emopamil binding domain protein, required for full virulence, belongs to a eukaryotic superfamily which has expanded in euascomycetes. | a previous transcriptomic analysis of 3,032 fungal genes identified the botrytis cinerea pie3 (bcpie3) gene to be up-regulated early in planta (a. gioti, a. simon, p. le pêcheur, c. giraud, j. m. pradier, m. viaud, and c. levis, j. mol. biol. 358:372-386, 2006). in the present study, bcpie3 was disrupted in order to determine its implication in pathogenicity. bcpie3 was shown to be a virulence factor, since the deltabcpie3 mutant was blocked during the colonization of tomato and bean leaves, giv ... | 2008 | 18156289 |
| antagonistic effects of volatiles generated by bacillus subtilis on spore germination and hyphal growth of the plant pathogen, botrytis cinerea. | botrytis cinerea is one of the most serious post-harvest pathogens of fruits and vegetables. volatiles generated by bacillus subtilis ja significantly inhibited both spore germination and elongation of germ tubes in botrytis cinerea using a two-compartment agar-plate assay. the volatiles caused protoplasm retraction from the hyphal tips to the spores. | 2008 | 18165869 |
| characterization of plant growth-promoting traits of bacteria isolated from larval guts of diamondback moth plutella xylostella (lepidoptera: plutellidae). | eight bacterial isolates from the larval guts of diamondback moths (plutella xylostella) were tested for their plant growth-promoting (pgp) traits and effects on early plant growth. all of the strains tested positive for nitrogen fixation and indole 3-acetic acid (iaa) and salicylic acid production but negative for hydrogen cyanide and pectinase production. in addition, five of the isolates exhibited significant levels of tricalcium phosphate and zinc oxide solubilization; six isolates were able ... | 2008 | 18172718 |
| effect of cultivation conditions on spore production from bacillus amyloliquefaciens b128 and its antagonism to botrytis elliptica. | to maximize spore production by bacillus amyloliquefaciens b128, and its antagonism to the fungal pathogen botrytis elliptica b061. | 2008 | 18179538 |
| brazilian isolates of clonostachys rosea: colonization under different temperature and moisture conditions and temporal dynamics on strawberry leaves. | in a research programme for managing diseases caused by botryis cinerea, four isolates of the antagonistic fungus clonostachys rosea (cr) were obtained from different ecosystems in brazil. we studied ecological requirements for the colonization of strawberry leaves by these isolates. | 2008 | 18179592 |
| the intersection between cell wall disassembly, ripening, and fruit susceptibility to botrytis cinerea. | fruit ripening is characterized by processes that modify texture and flavor but also by a dramatic increase in susceptibility to necrotrophic pathogens, such as botrytis cinerea. disassembly of the major structural polysaccharides of the cell wall (cw) is a significant process associated with ripening and contributes to fruit softening. in tomato, polygalacturonase (pg) and expansin (exp) are among the cw proteins that cooperatively participate in ripening-associated cw disassembly. to determine ... | 2008 | 18199833 |
| proteomic approach to identify champagne wine proteins as modified by botrytis cinerea infection. | the presence of the fungal pathogen, botrytis cinerea, in the vineyard causes reductions in both quality and quantity of grapes and wine. because proteins are involved in the foam stabilization of sparkling wines, we have undertaken, for the first time, a thorough proteomic analysis of two champagne base wines prepared with either healthy or botrytized chardonnay grapes, using two-dimensional electrophoresis (2de) coupled with immunodetection and tandem mass spectrometry. most of the identified ... | 2008 | 18205300 |
| the galpha subunit bcg1, the phospholipase c (bcplc1) and the calcineurin phosphatase co-ordinately regulate gene expression in the grey mould fungus botrytis cinerea. | the galpha subunit bcg1 is essential for pathogenicity of the grey mould fungus botrytis cinerea. several processes such as the transition from primary infection to secondary invasive growth and the production of the phytotoxin botrydial are regulated by bcg1 via a camp-independent pathway. our recent finding that the botrydial biosynthesis genes belong to the group of ca(2+)/calcineurin-dependent genes suggested for the first time a connection between this galpha subunit and the calcineurin sig ... | 2008 | 18208491 |
| quantitative 1h nmr metabolomics reveals extensive metabolic reprogramming of primary and secondary metabolism in elicitor-treated opium poppy cell cultures. | opium poppy (papaver somniferum) produces a diverse array of bioactive benzylisoquinoline alkaloids and has emerged as a model system to study plant alkaloid metabolism. the plant is cultivated as the only commercial source of the narcotic analgesics morphine and codeine, but also produces many other alkaloids including the antimicrobial agent sanguinarine. modulations in plant secondary metabolism as a result of environmental perturbations are often associated with the altered regulation of oth ... | 2008 | 18211706 |
| involvement of the abc transporter bcatrb and the laccase bclcc2 in defence of botrytis cinerea against the broad-spectrum antibiotic 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol. | the genetic and biochemical basis of defence mechanisms in plant pathogenic fungi against antifungal compounds produced by antagonistic microorganisms is largely unknown. the results of this study show that both degradative and non-degradative defence mechanisms enable the plant pathogenic fungus botrytis cinerea to resist the broad-spectrum, phenolic antibiotic 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (2,4-dapg). the efflux pump bcatrb provides the first line of defence for b. cinerea, preventing accumulatio ... | 2008 | 18218030 |
| lysobacter capsici sp. nov., with antimicrobial activity, isolated from the rhizosphere of pepper, and emended description of the genus lysobacter. | the taxonomic position of a novel bacterial strain, yc5194(t), with antimicrobial activity, isolated from the rhizosphere of pepper in jinju, south korea, was studied using a polyphasic approach. cells of the strain were gram-negative, rod-shaped, facultative anaerobes. it grew at a temperature of 15-37 degrees c (optimum 28 degrees c). growth of the strain occurred between ph 5.5 and 8.5, with an optimum of ph 7.0-7.5. the strain inhibited mycelial growth of pythium ultimum, colletotrichum gloe ... | 2008 | 18218936 |
| myb72 is required in early signaling steps of rhizobacteria-induced systemic resistance in arabidopsis. | colonization of arabidopsis thaliana roots by nonpathogenic pseudomonas fluorescens wcs417r bacteria triggers a jasmonate/ethylene-dependent induced systemic resistance (isr) that is effective against a broad range of pathogens. microarray analysis revealed that the r2r3-myb-like transcription factor gene myb72 is specifically activated in the roots upon colonization by wcs417r. here, we show that t-dna knockout mutants myb72-1 and myb72-2 are incapable of mounting isr against the pathogens pseu ... | 2008 | 18218967 |
| characterisation of a trichoderma hamatum monooxygenase gene involved in antagonistic activity against fungal plant pathogens. | a monooxygenase gene was isolated from a biocontrol strain of trichoderma hamatum and its role in biocontrol was investigated. the gene had homologues in other fungal genomes, but was not closely related to any fully characterised gene. the t. hamatum monooxygenase gene was expressed specifically in response to the plant pathogens sclerotinia sclerotiorum, sclerotinia minor and sclerotium cepivorum, but not in response to botrytis cinerea or t. hamatum. expression of the gene did not occur until ... | 2008 | 18231791 |
| mycoparasitism of acremonium strictum bcp on botrytis cinerea, the gray mold pathogen. | a fungal strain bcp, which parasitizes botrytis cinerea gray mold pathogen, was isolated and identified as acremonium strictum. bcp strain overgrew the colonies of b. cinerea and caused severe lysis of the host hyphae. frequent penetration and hyphal growth of a. strictum bcp inside the mycelia of b. cinerea were observed under light microscopy. in addition, some morphological abnormalities such as granulation and vacuolation of the cytoplasm were observed in mycelia and spores of b. cinerea. in ... | 2008 | 18239435 |
| fungi have three tetraspanin families with distinct functions. | tetraspanins are small membrane proteins that belong to a superfamily encompassing 33 members in human and mouse. these proteins act as organizers of membrane-signalling complexes. so far only two tetraspanin families have been identified in fungi. these are pls1, which is required for pathogenicity of the plant pathogenic ascomycetes, magnaporthe grisea, botrytis cinerea and colletotrichum lindemuthianum, and tsp2, whose function is unknown. in this report, we describe a third family of tetrasp ... | 2008 | 18241352 |
| mycological flora on tree fruits, crust, leaves and pollen sorbus domestica l. | plant-microbial interactive relations with respect to determine mycoflora of the sorbus domestica l.--fruits, crust, leaves and pollen were studied in 2 slovak regions. on the fruit samples the genera alternaria, botrytis, cladosporium, mucor and penicillium occurred, on the leaves the genera alternaria, cladosporium and penicillium prevailed and on crust the genera alternaria, cladosporium, penicillium and trichoderma appeared to be dominant, respectively. isolates from the sorbus domestica l. ... | 2007 | 18247456 |
| analysis of the diastereoisomers of the cysteinylated aroma precursor of 3-sulfanylhexanol in vitis vinifera grape must by gas chromatography coupled with ion trap tandem mass spectrometry. | the diastereoisomeric distribution of s-3-(hexan-1-ol)cysteine (p-3sh), the cysteinylated precursor of 3-sulfanylhexan-1-ol (3sh) in vitis vinifera grape juice, was determined by a new method. this procedure is based on the purification of p-3sh in a small volume of must (500 microl) by affinity chromatography, followed by the separation of chiral molecules in derivative forms by gas chromatography coupled with ion trap tandem mass spectrometry (gc-ms/ms). the diastereoisomers were easily separa ... | 2008 | 18249409 |
| overexpression of vvwrky2 in tobacco enhances broad resistance to necrotrophic fungal pathogens. | wrky genes encode proteins belonging to a large family of transcription factors that are involved in various developmental and physiological processes and in plant responses to pathogen infections. in the present work, a full-length cdna from a vitis vinifera l. cv. cabernet sauvignon grape berry library was isolated and characterized. the cdna, designated vvwrky2, encodes a polypeptide of 536 amino acids that shows the structural features of group i of wrky protein family. vvwrky2 is expressed ... | 2007 | 18251882 |
| the necrotroph botrytis cinerea induces a non-host type ii resistance mechanism in pinus pinaster suspension-cultured cells. | models of non-host resistance have failed to account for the pathogenicity of necrotrophic agents. during the interaction of pinus pinaster (maritime pine) with the non-host necrotrophic pathogen botrytis cinerea, the generation and scavenging of reactive oxygen species (ros) and the induction of the hypersensitive response (hr) were analyzed. elicitation of maritime pine suspended cells with b. cinerea spores resulted in the biphasic induction of ros. the phase i oxidative burst was dependent o ... | 2008 | 18252735 |
| calcineurin-responsive zinc finger transcription factor crz1 of botrytis cinerea is required for growth, development, and full virulence on bean plants. | recently, we showed that the alpha subunit bcg1 of a heterotrimeric g protein is an upstream activator of the ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent phosphatase calcineurin in the gray mold fungus botrytis cinerea. to identify the transcription factor acting downstream of bcg1 and calcineurin, we cloned the gene encoding the b. cinerea homologue of crz1 ("crazy," calcineurin-responsive zinc finger transcription factor), the mediator of calcineurin function in yeast. bccrz1 is able to partially complement t ... | 2008 | 18263765 |
| the bag proteins: a ubiquitous family of chaperone regulators. | the bag (bcl-2 associated athanogene) family is a multifunctional group of proteins that perform diverse functions ranging from apoptosis to tumorigenesis. an evolutionarily conserved group, these proteins are distinguished by a common conserved region known as the bag domain. bag genes have been found in yeasts, plants, and animals, and are believed to function as adapter proteins forming complexes with signaling molecules and molecular chaperones. in humans, a role for bag proteins has been su ... | 2008 | 18264803 |
| fungal pathogenic nucleic acid detection achieved with a microfluidic microarray device. | detection of polymerase chain reaction (pcr) products obtained from cultured greenhouse fungal pathogens, botrytis cinerea and didymella bryoniae has been achieved using a previously developed microfluidic microarray assembly (mma) device. the flexible probe construction and rapid dna detection resulted from the use of centrifugal pumping in the steps of probe introduction and sample delivery, respectively. the line arrays of the oligonucleotide probes were "printed" on a cd-like glass chip usin ... | 2008 | 18267145 |
| evaluation of anilinopyrimidine and other fungicides for control of grey mould (botrytis cinerea) in container-grown calluna vulgaris. | grey mould (botrytis cinerea pers. ex fr.) is a damaging disease affecting container-grown calluna vulgaris (l.) hull. trials were conducted to test anilinopyrimidine fungicides (pyrimethanil, cyprodinil and mepanipyrim), azoxystrobin and tolylfluanid for crop safety on cultivars, and to evaluate spray programmes based on alternating these fungicides with different modes of action for disease control. timing and application at different spray intervals were also investigated. | 2008 | 18286666 |
| investigation on the infection mechanism of the fungus clonostachys rosea against nematodes using the green fluorescent protein. | the fungus clonostachys rosea (syn. gliocladium roseum) is a potential biocontrol agent. it can suppress the sporulation of the plant pathogenic fungus botrytis cinerea and kill pathogenic nematodes, but the process of nematode pathogenesis is poorly understood. to help understand the underlying mechanism, we constructed recombinant strains containing a plasmid with both the enhanced green fluorescent protein gene egfp and the hygromycin resistance gene hph. expression of the green fluorescent p ... | 2008 | 18292995 |
| calmodulin-binding transcription activator (camta) 3 mediates biotic defense responses in arabidopsis. | calmodulin-binding transcription activator (camta) 3 (also called sr1) is a calmodulin-binding transcription factor in arabidopsis. two homozygous t-dna insertion mutants (camta3-1, camta3-2) showed enhanced spontaneous lesions. transcriptome analysis of both mutants revealed 6 genes with attenuated expression and 99 genes with elevated expression. of the latter, 32 genes are related to defense against pathogens (e.g. wrky33, pr1 and chitinase). propagation of a virulent strain of the bacterial ... | 2008 | 18298954 |
| defence-related gene expression in transgenic lemon plants producing an antimicrobial trichoderma harzianum endochitinase during fungal infection. | constitutive over-expression of antifungal genes from microorganisms involved in plant defence mechanisms represents a promising strategy for conferring genetic resistance against a broad range of plant pathogenic fungi. in the present work, two transgenic lemon clones with the chit42 gene from trichoderma harzianum were tested for resistance to fungal disease and expression level of defence-related genes was evaluated. different resistance-related processes, such as production of reactive oxyge ... | 2008 | 18306055 |
| transformation ability of fungi isolated from cork and grape to produce 2,4,6-trichloroanisole from 2,4,6-trichlorophenol. | the ability of eight fungal strains to transform 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (tcp) to 2,4,6-trichloroanisole (tca) was studied. these fungi were isolated from cork, belonging to the genera penicillium, aspergillus, trichoderma and chrysonilia, and from grapes botrytis cinerea. all, except chrysonilia, produced tca when grown directly on cork in the presence of tcp, aspergillus and botrytis cinerea being the ones with the highest level of production. it is the first time that botrytis cinerea, a microo ... | 2008 | 18311620 |
| clavatol and patulin formation as the antagonistic principle of aspergillus clavatonanicus, an endophytic fungus of taxus mairei. | many endophytic fungi are known to protect plants from plant pathogens, but the antagonistic mechanism has rarely been revealed. in this study, we wished to learn whether an endophytic aspergillus sp., isolated from taxus mairei, would indeed produce bioactive components, and if so whether (a) they would antagonize plant pathogenic fungi; and (b) whether this aspergillus sp. would produce the compound also under conditions of confrontation with these fungi. the endophytic fungal strain from t. m ... | 2008 | 18317751 |
| synthesis and biological activities of 2-oxocycloalkylsulfonamides. | a series of novel 2-oxocycloalkylsulfonamides (4) were synthesized and their structures confirmed by ir, (1)h nmr, and elemental analysis. the bioassay showed that they have fair to excellent fungicidal activities against botrytis cinerea pers and sclerotinia sclerotiorum. among them, compounds 4a(10), 4a(11), 4a(12), 4b(2), and 4b(3), the ec(50) values of which were 2.12, 3.66, 3.96, 2.38, and 2.43 microg/ml, respectively, displayed excellent fungicidal activity against b. cinerea pers, and are ... | 2008 | 18331796 |
| meristem identity gene expression during curd proliferation and flower initiation in brassica oleracea. | the regulation of reproductive development in cauliflower (brassica oleracea var. botrytis dc) and broccoli (b. oleracea l. var. italica plenck) is unusual in that most enlargement occurs while development is arrested at a distinct stage. cauliflower and broccoli curds are composed of inflorescence meristems and flower buds, respectively. to determine whether this arrest is maintained by altered expression of the genes that specify these steps in arabidopsis, the expression of each copy of their ... | 2008 | 18332227 |
| isolation and identification of rhizoxin analogs from pseudomonas fluorescens pf-5 by using a genomic mining strategy. | the products synthesized from a hybrid polyketide synthase/nonribosomal peptide synthetase gene cluster in the genome of pseudomonas fluorescens pf-5 were identified using a genomics-guided strategy involving insertional mutagenesis and subsequent metabolite profiling. five analogs of rhizoxin, a 16-member macrolide with antifungal, phytotoxic, and antitumor activities, were produced by pf-5, but not by a mutant with an insertion in the gene cluster. the five rhizoxin analogs, one of which had n ... | 2008 | 18344330 |
| lectr2, a ctr1-like protein kinase from tomato, plays a role in ethylene signalling, development and defence. | arabidopsis atctr1 is a raf-like protein kinase that interacts with etr1 and ers and negatively regulates ethylene responses. in tomato, several ctr1-like proteins could perform this role. we have characterized lectr2, which has similarity to atctr1 and also to edr1, a ctr1-like arabidopsis protein involved in defence and stress responses. protein-protein interactions between lectr2 and six tomato ethylene receptors indicated that lectr2 interacts preferentially with the subfamily i etr1-type et ... | 2008 | 18346193 |
| life table and temperature-dependent development of diadegma anurum (hymenoptera: ichneumonidae) on its host plutella xylostella (lepidoptera: plutellidae). | life table and temperature-dependent development of diadegma anurum (thomson) (hymenoptera: ichneumonidae) was studied on diamondback moth, plutella xylostella l. (lepidoptera: plutellidae) reared on cabbage, brassica oleracea l. variety capitata, and cauliflower, brassica oleracea l. variety botrytis. the developmental periods of immature stages were recorded at five constant temperatures (15, 20, 25, 30, and 35 degrees c). the population of d. anurum and its host failed to survive at 35 degree ... | 2008 | 18348794 |
| simultaneous quantification of major phytohormones and related compounds in crude plant extracts by liquid chromatography-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. | a rapid and sensitive method was developed for simultaneous quantification of multiple classes of phytohormones and some related metabolites in crude plant extracts without purification or derivatization. high-performance liquid chromatography and electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry with multiple reaction monitoring were used to quantify auxins, cytokinins, abscisic acid, gibberellins, jasmonates, salicylates, and a number of related metabolites in crude plant extracts. the technolo ... | 2008 | 18367217 |
| mycobiota in the processing areas of two different meat products. | mould growth is not accepted on most types of north european meat products and is considered as both an economic and aesthetic problem for the producers. in order to determine the mycobiota in processing areas of fermented sausage and liver pâté, filamentous fungi were isolated from air, equipment and raw materials in the processing areas of two fermented sausage processing plants and two liver pâté processing plants. a total of 336 samples were examined. the diversity of filamentous fungi in th ... | 2008 | 18367279 |
| a fungal-responsive mapk cascade regulates phytoalexin biosynthesis in arabidopsis. | plant recognition of pathogens leads to rapid activation of mpk3 and mpk6, two arabidopsis mitogen-activated protein kinases (mapks), and their orthologs in other species. here, we report that synthesis of camalexin, the major phytoalexin in arabidopsis, is regulated by the mpk3/mpk6 cascade. activation of mpk3/mpk6 by expression of active upstream mapk kinase (mapkk) or mapkk kinase (mapkkk) was sufficient to induce camalexin synthesis in the absence of pathogen attack. induction of camalexin b ... | 2008 | 18378893 |
| distinct roles of jasmonates and aldehydes in plant-defense responses. | many inducible plant-defense responses are activated by jasmonates (jas), c(6)-aldehydes, and their corresponding derivatives, produced by the two main competing branches of the oxylipin pathway, the allene oxide synthase (aos) and hydroperoxide lyase (hpl) branches, respectively. in addition to competition for substrates, these branch-pathway-derived metabolites have substantial overlap in regulation of gene expression. past experiments to define the role of c(6)-aldehydes in plant defense resp ... | 2008 | 18382679 |
| photobiological control of crop production and plant diseases. | plants, as well as fungi, use ambient sunlight as information to regulate photomorphogenetic processes. the photobiological control of this information showed that the development of photobiological greenhouse plastic covers simulates a photonic information that leads to a physiological enhancement of plant productivity and fungal disease control, thus minimizing the need for the use of agrochemicals. the main characteristics of these photobiological greenhouse plastic covers are the high transm ... | 2008 | 18386499 |
| evaluation of the effects of chemical versus biological control on botrytis cinerea agent of gray mould disease of strawberry. | this study investigates on effects of four fungicide and six isolate from trichoderma and gliocladium on botrytis cinerea agent grey mold of strawberry under library and greenhouse condition. the effect of four fungicides i.e. benomyl, dichlofluanid, captan and triadimenol on b. cinerea was studied in the laboratory condition by method mixed poison to culture medium. it was shown that the fungicide including benomyl, triadimenol, dichlofluanid and captan were able to inhibit mycelial growth of b ... | 2007 | 18396812 |
| screening preharvest/postharvest strategies to prevent fruit rot decay. | in fruit growing preharvest sprayings in the orchard are mainly applied to protect fruit from decaying. next to multisite fungicides (captan, thiram, tolylfluanid) the most commonly used products recognized for the belgium market are bellis (pyraclostrobin & boscalid) and the combination of topsin m (thiophanate-methyl) and frugico (diethofencarb). in general the spraying schedule varies depending on weather conditions (infection risk), preharvest interval of available fungicides, fruitgrower an ... | 2007 | 18396828 |
| rlm3, a tir domain encoding gene involved in broad-range immunity of arabidopsis to necrotrophic fungal pathogens. | here, we describe the rapid cloning of a plant gene, leptosphaeria maculans 3 (rlm3(col)), which encodes a putative toll interleukin-1 receptor-nucleotide binding (tir-nb) class protein, which is involved in defence against the fungal pathogen l. maculans and against three other necrotrophic fungi. we have, through microarray-based case control bulk segregant comparisons of transcriptomes in pools of col-0 x an-1 progeny, identified the absence of a locus that causes susceptibility in an-1. the ... | 2008 | 18397376 |
| role of swollenin, an expansin-like protein from trichoderma, in plant root colonization. | swollenin, a protein first characterized in the saprophytic fungus trichoderma reesei, contains an n-terminal carbohydrate-binding module family 1 domain (cbd) with cellulose-binding function and a c-terminal expansin-like domain. this protein was identified by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry among many other cellulolytic proteins secreted in the coculture hydroponics medium of cucumber (cucumis sativus) seedlings and trichoderma asperellum, a well-known biocontrol agent and inducer of p ... | 2008 | 18400936 |
| [agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation of the pathogen of botrytis cinerea]. | employing gfp as a reporter gene and hygromycin gene (hph) as a selection marker, the recombinant vector pkpg was constructed and transformed into fresh conidia of botrytis cinerea via agrobacterium tumefaciens. transformants were identified by pcr analysis of gfp and hph cassette, green fluorescence observation with microscope and southern hybridization. results confirmed that target genes were successfully integrated into the genome of botrytis cinerea. | 2008 | 18424425 |
| fungal biotransformation of (+/-)-linalool. | the biotransformation of (+/-)-linalool was investigated by screening 19 fungi. product accumulation was enhanced by substrate feeding and, for the first time, lilac aldehydes and lilac alcohols were identified as fungal biotransformation byproduct using spme-gc-ms headspace analysis. aspergillus niger dsm 821, botrytis cinerea 5901/02, and b. cinerea 02/fbii/2.1 produced different isomers of lilac aldehyde and lilac alcohol from linalool via 8-hydroxylinalool as postulated intermediate. linaloo ... | 2008 | 18426215 |
| chemical composition and biological properties of portuguese wild mushrooms: a comprehensive study. | the chemical composition and biological properties of portuguese wild mushrooms ( cantharellus cibarius, hypholoma fasciculare, lepista nuda, lycoperdon molle, lycoperdon perlatum, ramaria botrytis, tricholoma acerbum) were evaluated in order to assess these products as sources of nutrients and nutraceuticals. the analyzed mushrooms contain very useful phytochemicals such as phenolics, tocopherols, ascorbic acid, and carotenoids. all of the species proved to have antioxidant activity (measured b ... | 2008 | 18435539 |
| kazachstania hellenica sp. nov., a novel ascomycetous yeast from a botrytis-affected grape must fermentation. | four ascomycetous yeast strains (d4w13, d9w2, d9w4 and d9w17t) were isolated from botrytis-affected fermenting grape juice originating from attica province, greece. phylogenetic analysis of rrna gene sequences (18s, 26s and 5.8s-its) showed that the four strains represent a distinct species within the genus kazachstania, closely related to kazachstania zonata nbrc 100504t and kazachstania gamospora nbrc 11056t. electrophoretic karyotyping and physiological analysis support the affiliation of the ... | 2008 | 18450725 |
| sulphur and nitrogen regulation of the protease-encoding acp1 gene in the fungus botrytis cinerea: correlation with a phospholipase d activity. | sulphur and nitrogen catabolic repressions are regulations that have long been recognized in fungi, but whose molecular bases remain largely elusive. this paper shows that catabolic repression of a protease-encoding gene correlates with the modulation of a phosphatidylethanolamine (pe)-specific phospholipase d (pld) activity in the pathogenic fungus botrytis cinerea. our results first demonstrate that the acp1 gene is subject to sulphur catabolic repression, with sulphate and cysteine inhibiting ... | 2008 | 18451055 |
| wounding of arabidopsis leaves causes a powerful but transient protection against botrytis infection. | summary: physical injury inflicted on living tissue makes it vulnerable to invasion by pathogens. wounding of arabidopsis thaliana leaves, however, does not conform to this concept and leads to immunity to botrytis cinerea, the causal agent of grey mould. in wounded leaves, hyphal growth was strongly inhibited compared to unwounded controls. wound-induced resistance was not associated with salicylic acid-, jasmonic acid- or ethylene-dependent defence responses. the phytoalexin camalexin was foun ... | 2008 | 18452590 |
| overexpression of ogpae1 from wild rice confers fungal resistance against botrytis cinerea. | a full-length cdna of the ogpae1 gene encoding the alpha5 subunit of the 20s proteasome was isolated from wild rice (oryza grandiglumis) treated by wounding or with a fungal elicitor. the deduced amino acid sequence of ogpae1 comprises 237 amino acids (25.99 kda), and shows 94.5% homology with arabidopsis thaliana atpae1. expression of ogpae1 is regulated by defense-related signaling chemicals such as cantharidin, endothall and jasmonic acid. overexpression of ogpae1 in a. thaliana leads to resi ... | 2008 | 18463946 |
| cloning and characterization of farnesyl pyphosphate synthase gene from the aba-producing fungi botrytis cinerea. | farnesyl pyphosphate synthase (fpps) catalyzes the systhesis of farnesyl pyphosphate and appears to be a promising regulation site of abscisic acid (aba) biosynthesis pathway in fungi. here we reported the isolation and characterization of botrytis cinerea (fpps) gene. the cloned fpps gene carries an open reading frame of 1044-bp encoding a deduced protein of 347 amino acids with a molecular weight of 39.83 kda, and the coding region is interrupted with a 63-bp intron. comparison analysis showed ... | 2008 | 18464040 |
| [isolation and identification of specific sequences correlated to cytoplasmic male sterility and fertile maintenance in cauliflower (brassica oleracea var. botrytis)]. | analysis of issr (inter-simple sequence repeat) and ddrt-pcr (differential display reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction) was performed between cytoplasmic male sterility cauliflower ogura-a and its corresponding maintainer line ogura-b. totally, 306 detectable bands were obtained by issr using thirty oligonucleotide primers. commonly, six to twelve bands were produced per primer. among all these primers only the amplification of primer issr3 was polymorphic, an 1100 bp specific band w ... | 2008 | 18464586 |
| the ap2/erf domain transcription factor ora59 integrates jasmonic acid and ethylene signals in plant defense. | plant defense against pathogens depends on the action of several endogenously produced hormones, including jasmonic acid (ja) and ethylene. in certain defense responses, ja and ethylene signaling pathways synergize to activate a specific set of defense genes. here, we describe the role of the arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana) apetala2/ethylene response factor (ap2/erf) domain transcription factor ora59 in ja and ethylene signaling and in defense. ja- and ethylene-responsive expression of severa ... | 2008 | 18467450 |
| synergistic interactions between chitinase chicw and fungicides against plant fungal pathogens. | antifungal activity of chicw and synergistic interactions between chicw with fungicides were investigated. conidial germinations of phytopathogenic fungi, alternaria brassicicola, botrytis elliptica, and colletotrichum gloeoporioides, were inhibited by chicw but a. longipes was not. in addition, chicw showed synergistic effect with fungicides switch (cyprodinil+fludioxonil) and tebuconazole to inhibit fungal conidial germinations. the level of synergism of chicw with tebuconazole was higher than ... | 2008 | 18467877 |
| potential of olive mill waste and compost as biobased pesticides against weeds, fungi, and nematodes. | the phytotoxic and antimicrobial properties of olive mill wastes have been widely investigated and demonstrated over the past decade. however, their potential utilization as biodegradable pesticides against plant pathogens is still poorly understood. in this study, a series of laboratory bioassays was designed to test the inhibitory effects of sterile water extracts of two-phase olive mill waste (tpomw) and tpomw composts with different degrees of stabilization on several different plant pathoge ... | 2008 | 18471866 |
| [effect of inoculation time on the survival of spores of gliocladium roseum on geranium leaves.]. | gliocladium roseumis a successful antagonist of botrytis cinerea and is considered to have the major potential for biocontrol of the pathogen in cropping systems. in order to elucidate the optimal moment of the day to apply the biological control agent, geranium plants were inoculated until run off with a suspension containing 10 e7 conidia of g. roseum + tritón 100x. the inoculation times were 9 am, 12 am, 3 pm and 6 pm. the number cfu per cm(2) of leaves at inoculation time (time 0) and at 3, ... | 1999 | 18473563 |
| purification and characterization of peroxidase from cauliflower (brassica oleracea l. var. botrytis) buds. | peroxidases (ec 1.11.1.7; donor: hydrogen peroxide oxidoreductase) are part of a large group of enzymes. in this study, peroxidase, a primer antioxidant enzyme, was purified with 19.3 fold and 0.2% efficiency from cauliflower (brassica oleracea l.) by ammonium sulphate precipitation, dialysis, cm-sephadex ion-exchange chromatography and sephadex g-25 purification steps. the substrate specificity of peroxidase was investigated using 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenz-thiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (abts), ... | 2008 | 18473941 |
| vermicompost substitution influences growth, physiological disorders, fruit yield and quality of strawberry (fragaria x ananassa duch.). | studies were conducted to determine the effect of vermicompost on growth, physiological disorders, fruit yield and quality of 'chandler' strawberry. for this, 4 levels of vermicompost (2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0tha(-1)) were supplemented with inorganic fertilizers to balance fertilizer requirement of strawberry under semi-arid region of northern india. the vermicompost was incorporated into top 10cm layer of soil, which was supplemented on the basis of chemical analysis, with amount of inorganic n, ... | 2008 | 18490155 |
| the hog1-like map kinase sak1 of botrytis cinerea is negatively regulated by the upstream histidine kinase bos1 and is not involved in dicarboximide- and phenylpyrrole-resistance. | in filamentous ascomycetes, hog-like signal transduction cascades are involved in the resistance to hyper-osmotic conditions and to dicarboximides and phenylpyrroles. the histidine kinase (hk) bos1 and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk) sak1 are important for the adaptation to hyper-osmotic and oxidative stress, development, and pathogenicity in the phytopathogenic fungus botrytis cinerea. however, bos1delta and sak1delta mutants created previously, also presented different phenotypes, ... | 2008 | 18495505 |
| [mold growth on strawberries and cherries during storage at 25 degrees c]. | mold species that grew on the surface of retailed strawberries (10 packs, 211 strawberries) and cherries (18 packs, 441 cherries) during storage at 25 degrees c were isolated and identified to evaluate the state of mold growth. mold growth was observed on 208 (98.6%) of the 211 strawberries and 193 (43.8%) of the 441 cherries. the mold species most frequently isolated from strawberries was botrytis cinerea, being observed in 81.0% of the strawberries examined, followed by cladosporium and altern ... | 2008 | 18503247 |
| cloning and functional characterization of bcatra, a gene encoding an abc transporter of the plant pathogenic fungus botryotinia fuckeliana (botrytis cinerea). | bcatra was cloned from the plant pathogenic fungus botryotinia fuckeliana (botrytis cinerea) and sequenced. sequence analysis revealed that bcatra encodes a protein composed of 1562 amino acid residues displaying high similarity with various fungal atp-binding cassette (abc) transporters having the (nbf-tm(6))(2) topology. expression of bcatra is barely detectable during normal vegetative growth in liquid substrates. transcript levels of bcatra are enhanced in a dose- and time-dependent manner a ... | 2008 | 18515055 |
| efficacy of heat treatments with water and fludioxonil for postharvest control of blue and gray molds on inoculated pears and fludioxonil residues in fruit. | the residue levels of fludioxonil (flu) were determined in pear cultivars precoce di fiorano, coscia, and spadona estiva after a 2-min dip in an aqueous mixture of flu containing 300 or 100 mg/liter of active ingredient at 20 or 50 degrees c and after 12 days at 17 degrees c and 80% relative humidity (simulated shelf life conditions). the accumulation trend of flu residues was determined in 'precoce di fiorano' pears after treatments with 25, 50, 100, or 200 mg/liter of active ingredient at 20 o ... | 2008 | 18522031 |
| growth of phytopathogenic fungi in the presence of partially acetylated chitooligosaccharides. | four phytopathogenic fungi were cultivated up to six days in media containing chitooligosaccharide mixtures differing in average dp and fa. the three different mixtures were named q3 (which contained oligosaccharides of dp2-dp10, with dp2-dp7 as main components), q2 (which contained oligosaccharides of dp2-dp12, with dp2-dp10 as main components) and q1 (which derived from q2 and contained oligomers of dp5-dp8 with hexamer and a heptamer as the main components). the novel aspect of this work is t ... | 2008 | 18523865 |
| regulation of defense and cryoprotective proteins by high levels of co(2) in annona fruit stored at chilling temperature. | this study focuses on how the length of exposure to chilling temperature and atmosphere storage conditions regulate the hydrolytic activity and expression of chitinase (pr-q) and 1,3-beta-glucanase (pr-2) isoenzymes in cherimoyas (annona cherimola mill.). storage at 6 degrees c modified the expression of constitutive isoenzymes and induced the appearance of novel acidic chitinases, achi26 and achi24, at the onset of the storage period, and of a basic chitinase, bchi33, after prolonged storage. t ... | 2009 | 18538447 |
| chemical composition and antifungal activity of essential oil and various extract of silene armeria l. | the aims of this study were to examine the chemical composition of the essential oil isolated from the floral parts of silene armeria l. by hydrodistillation, and to test the efficacy of essential oil and various leaf extracts (n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol) as an antifungal potential. the gc-ms analysis determined that 28 compounds, which represented 89.03% of total oil, were present in the oil containing mainly 1-butene, methylcyclopropane, 2-butene and caryophyllene oxide. ... | 2008 | 18538562 |
| asymmetric total synthesis of botcinins c, d, and f. | stereoselective total synthesis of botcinins c, d, and f is effectively carried out through asymmetric aldol reactions, 6-endo ring closure, and smi2-mediated 3,4-trans or -cis stereoselective intramolecular reformatsky reaction. rapid esterification of the main skeleton of botcinins with the chiral side chain using mnba and dmap produced botcinin d, an antifungal chemical against a pathogen of rice blast disease. | 2008 | 18549237 |
| in vitro and in vivo [corrected] activity of eugenol oil (eugenia caryophylata) against four important postharvest apple pathogens. | the activity of eugenol oil was evaluated in vitro and in vivo against four apple pathogens namely phlyctema vagabunda, penicillium expansum, botrytis cinerea and monilinia fructigena. the minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) of eugenol incorporated in malt extract agar medium was found to be 2 mg ml(-1). mycelial growth of the four test pathogens was completely inhibited when treated with 150 microl l(-1) of volatile eugenol whether at 4 or 20 degrees c. conidia of p. vagabunda, p. expansum, ... | 2008 | 18554737 |
| direct fungicidal activities of c6-aldehydes are important constituents for defense responses in arabidopsis against botrytis cinerea. | c6-aldehydes, such as (z)-3-hexenal, (e)-2-hexenal, and n-hexanal, are volatile compounds formed by hydroperoxide lyase (hpl) and found in most terrestrial plants. they are fungicidal and bactericidal compounds, and are also signaling compounds to induce defense responses in plants. transgenic plants having overexpressed or suppressed hpl activity (sh or ash, respectively) showed lower or higher susceptibility against a necrotrophic fungal pathogen, botrytis cinerea. in this study, we examined w ... | 2008 | 18556030 |
| isolation and identification of antifungal fatty acids from the basidiomycete gomphus floccosus. | bioautography of extracts of the fruiting bodies of the basidiomycete gomphus floccosus (schw.) singer indicated the presence of fungitoxic compounds in the ethyl acetate fraction against the plant pathogens colletotrichum fragariae, colletotrichum gloeosporioides, and colletotrichum acutatum. bioassay-guided fractionation of this fraction resulted in the isolation of the bioactive fatty acids (9 s,10 e,12 z)-9-hydroxy-10,12-octadecadienoic acid (1), (9 e,11 z)-13-oxo-9,11-octadecadienoic acid ( ... | 2008 | 18557621 |
| real-time rt-pcr expression analysis of chitinase and endoglucanase genes in the three-way interaction between the biocontrol strain clonostachys rosea ik726, botrytis cinerea and strawberry. | clonostachys rosea is a well-known biocontrol agent against botrytis cinerea, the causal agent of gray mold in strawberry. the activity of cell wall-degrading enzymes might play a significant role for successful biocontrol by c. rosea. the expression pattern of four chitinases, and two endoglucanase genes from c. rosea strain ik726 was analyzed using real-time rt-pcr in vitro and in strawberry leaves during interaction with b. cinerea. specific primers were designed for beta-tubulin genes from c ... | 2008 | 18557783 |
| ethephon elicits protection against erysiphe necator in grapevine. | the grapevine (vitis vinifera) is susceptible to many pathogens such as botrytis cinerea, plasmopara viticola, erysiphe necator, and eutypa lata. phytochemicals are used extensively in vineyards to reduce pathogen infections, but the appearance of pesticide-resistant pathogen strains and the need for environmental protection require the use of alternative strategies. the phytohormone ethylene is assumed to play a role in the development of disease resistance. in the present study, we have treate ... | 2008 | 18570435 |
| roles of arabidopsis wrky3 and wrky4 transcription factors in plant responses to pathogens. | plant wrky dna-binding transcription factors are involved in plant responses to biotic and abiotic responses. it has been previously shown that arabidopsis wrky3 and wrky4, which encode two structurally similar wrky transcription factors, are induced by pathogen infection and salicylic acid (sa). however, the role of the two wrky transcription factors in plant disease resistance has not been directly analyzed. | 2008 | 18570649 |
| control of postharvest pear diseases using rhodotorula glutinis and its effects on postharvest quality parameters. | rhodotorula glutinis was evaluated for its activity in reducing postharvest gray mold decay and blue mold decay of pear caused by botrytis cinerea and penicillium expansum respectively, and in reducing natural decay development of pear fruits, as well as its effects on postharvest quality of fruits. there was a significant negative correlation between concentrations of the yeast cells and infectivity of the pathogens. at concentrations of r. glutinis at 5x108 cfu/ml, the gray mold decay was comp ... | 2008 | 18579245 |
| dna sequence analysis of herbarium specimens facilitates the revival of botrytis mali, a postharvest pathogen of apple. | the fungus botrytis cinerea has been widely accepted as the species responsible for causing gray mold decay of apple, although a second species causing apple decay, b. mali, was reported in 1931. botrytis mali was validly published in 1931, nevertheless it has always been considered a doubtful species. to study the relationship of botrytis isolates causing gray mold on apple, dna sequence analysis was employed. twenty-eight botrytis isolates consisting of 10 species were sampled, including two b ... | 2008 | 18592897 |
| [roles of spermidine in induced resistance of cucumber seedlings to botrytis cinerea pers]. | under the conditions of root substrate injection and foliar spray of different concentration spermidine, this paper measured the disease index, defense enzyme activities, and contents of disease resistance-related substances in cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) seedlings infected by botrytis cinerea pers., aimed to investigate the roles of spermidine in induced resistance of cucumber seedlings to b. cinerea. the results showed that after treated with spermidine, the disease index decreased by 25.4%, ... | 2008 | 18593045 |
| drill-assisted genomic dna extraction from botrytis cinerea. | current dna extraction protocols for genomic dna from botrytis cinerea almost always start with mycelium that has been reduced to powder with liquid n(2) in a mortar, and this makes their application to a large number of samples slow and cumbersome. here we present an adaptation of an existing method [möller et al. (1992) nucleic acids res 20: 6115-6116] for which the initial steps have been modified, including the homogenization of the fungus with sand and the aid of a common household drill. t ... | 2008 | 18594767 |
| characterization of a new antifungal lipid transfer protein from wheat. | lipid transfer proteins (ltps) are members of the family of pathogenesis-related proteins (pr-14) that are believed to be involved in plant defense responses. in this study, a novel gene ltp 3f1 encoding an antifungal protein from wheat (sumai 3) was subcloned, overexpressed in escherichia coli bl-21 (de3) and enriched using ammonium sulfate fractionation followed by gel permeation chromatography. molecular phylogeny analyses of wheat ltp 3f1 gene showed a strong identity to other plant ltps. pr ... | 2008 | 18595724 |
| tomato protein kinase 1b mediates signaling of plant responses to necrotrophic fungi and insect herbivory. | the tomato protein kinase 1 (tpk1b) gene encodes a receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase localized to the plasma membrane. pathogen infection, mechanical wounding, and oxidative stress induce expression of tpk1b, and reducing tpk1b gene expression through rna interference (rnai) increases tomato susceptibility to the necrotrophic fungus botrytis cinerea and to feeding by larvae of tobacco hornworm (manduca sexta) but not to the bacterial pathogen pseudomonas syringae. tpk1b rnai seedlings are also im ... | 2008 | 18599583 |
| colutellin a, an immunosuppressive peptide from colletotrichum dematium. | colletotrichum dematium is an endophytic fungus recovered from a pteromischum sp. growing in a tropical forest in costa rica. this fungus makes a novel peptide antimycotic, colutellin a, with a mic of 3.6 microg ml(-1) (48 h) against botrytis cinerea and sclerotinia sclerotiorum. collutellin a has a mass of 1127.7 da and contains residues of ile, val, ser, n-methyl-val and beta-aminoisobutryic acid in nominal molar ratios of 3 : 2 : 1 : 1 : 1, respectively. independent lines of evidence suggest ... | 2008 | 18599825 |
| nadph oxidases are involved in differentiation and pathogenicity in botrytis cinerea. | nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (nadph) oxidases have been shown to be involved in various differentiation processes in fungi. we investigated the role of two nadph oxidases in the necrotrophic phytopathogenic fungus, botrytis cinerea. the genes bcnoxa and bcnoxb were cloned and characterized; their deduced amino acid sequences show high homology to fungal nadph oxidases. analyses of single and double knock-out mutants of both nadph oxidase genes showed that both bcnoxa and bcnoxb are involved ... | 2008 | 18624644 |
| antifungal activity of valinomycin, a peptide antibiotic produced by streptomyces sp. strain m10 antagonistic to botrytis cinerea. | a strain of streptomyces sp. (m10) antagonistic to botrytis cinerea was isolated from orchard soil obtained from jeju island, korea. an antifungal substance (cn1) was purified from the culture extracts of the strain, and then identified as valinomycin through extensive spectroscopic analyses. valinomycin showed potent in vitro antifungal activity against botrytis cinerea and also in vivo control efficacy against botrytis blight development in cucumber plants. overall, the disease control efficac ... | 2008 | 18633285 |
| a role for inositol hexakisphosphate in the maintenance of basal resistance to plant pathogens. | phytic acid (myo-inositol hexakisphosphate, insp6) is an important phosphate store and signal molecule in plants. however, low-phytate plants are being developed to minimize the negative health effects of dietary insp6 and pollution caused by undigested insp6 in animal waste. insp6 levels were diminished in transgenic potato plants constitutively expressing an antisense gene sequence for myo-inositol 3-phosphate synthase (ips, catalysing the first step in insp6 biosynthesis) or escherichia coli ... | 2008 | 18643983 |
| chemical composition and antifungal activity of rosemary (rosmarinus officinalis l.) oil from turkey. | the essential oil of the aerial parts of rosmarinus officinalis collected from konya, turkey was analysed by gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. the oil yield of dried plant (volume/dry weight) obtained by hydrodistillation was 1.9%. twenty compounds representing 99.93% of the oils were identified. the main constituents of the oils were p-cymene (44.02%), linalool (20.5%), gamma-terpinene (16.62%), thymol (1.81%), beta-pinene (3.61%), alpha-pinene (2.83%) and eucalyptol ... | 2008 | 18654909 |
| the cladosporium fulvum virulence protein avr2 inhibits host proteases required for basal defense. | cladosporium fulvum (syn. passalora fulva) is a biotrophic fungal pathogen that causes leaf mold of tomato (solanum lycopersicum). during growth in the apoplast, the fungus establishes disease by secreting effector proteins, 10 of which have been characterized. we have previously shown that the avr2 effector interacts with the apoplastic tomato cys protease rcr3, which is required for cf-2-mediated immunity. we now show that avr2 is a genuine virulence factor of c. fulvum. heterologous expressio ... | 2008 | 18660430 |
| bifidobacterium longum-fermented broccoli supernatant inhibited the growth of candida albicans and some pathogenic bacteria in vitro. | the aim of this study is to develop a growth inhibitory material against some pathogenic microorganisms, using beneficial bacteria such as bifidobacterium species and certain types of vegetables which can be good substrates for the growth of the beneficial bacteria. at first, various vegetable juices were screened for the growth promotion of bifidobacterium longum etc. among the vegetables tested, broccoli (brassica oleracea l. var. botrytis l.) and cabbage (brassica oleracea l. var. capitata l. ... | 2008 | 18661679 |
| pichia angusta is an effective biocontrol yeast against postharvest decay of apple fruit caused by botrytis cinerea and monilia fructicola. | the efficacy of eight isolates of pichia angusta against three common postharvest pathogens of apple fruit was evaluated for the first time. all tested strains showed significant biocontrol activity against both botrytis cinerea and monilia fructicola, whereas efficacy against penicillium expansum was poor. a leucine-auxotrophic mutant had no significant biocontrol activity against brown rot of apple, while the addition of 0.6-1.2 g l(-1) leucine in the fruit wound fully restored the biocontrol ... | 2008 | 18662318 |
| effects of crop development on the emission of volatiles in leaves of lycopersicon esculentum and its inhibitory activity to botrytis cinerea and fusarium oxysporum. | volatiles emitted from the leaves of lycopersicon esculentum at the two-, ten-leaf and anthesis periods were collected by a gas absorbing method and analyzed by gas chromatography (gc)-mass spectrometry. in total, 33 compounds of volatiles emitted from three developmental stage plants were separated and identified, and quantitatively analyzed by the internal standard addition method. all of the samples of volatile were found to be rich in monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes. beta-phellandrene and ca ... | 2008 | 18666955 |
| brassica juncea chitinase bjchi1 inhibits growth of fungal phytopathogens and agglutinates gram-negative bacteria. | brassica juncea bjchi1 is a plant chitinase with two chitin-binding domains. its expression, induced in response to wounding, methyl jasmonate treatment, aspergillus niger infection, and caterpillar pieris rapae feeding, suggests that it plays a role in defence. in this study, to investigate the potential of using bjchi1 in agriculture, pichia-expressed bjchi1 and its deletion derivatives that lack one or both chitin-binding domains were tested against phytopathogenic fungi and bacteria. transpl ... | 2008 | 18669819 |
| evaluation of messenger plant activator as a preharvest and postharvest treatment of sweet cherry fruit under a controlled atmosphere. | the preservation methods as an alternative to chemical control to prevent postharvest quality losses of sweet cherry were examined. the efficacy of preharvest and postharvest messenger (m) treatments on sweet cherry cv. '0900 ziraat' was tested under a controlled atmosphere in 2004 and 2005. the factors investigated included the separate or combined effect of low oxygen, high carbon dioxide and m on the quality and fungal pathogens of sweet cherries in a normal atmosphere (na) and in a controlle ... | 2008 | 18671163 |
| synthesis and antifungal activities of novel 5-amino-6-arylamino-1h-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4(5h)-one derivatives. | a novel approach was developed to regioselectively synthesize new 5-amino-6-arylamino-1h-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4(5h)-one 5 derivatives via a tandem aza-wittig and annulation reactions of iminophosphorane 2, aromatic isocyanates, and hydrazine in 52-92% isolated yields. the compounds 5 reacted with triethyl orthoformate to give 1,8-2h-pyrazolo[3,4-d][1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4-ones 6 in good yields (62-94%). their structures were clearly confirmed by spectroscopy data (ir, (1)h nmr, ms), ... | 2008 | 18672885 |
| plant defense responses in opium poppy cell cultures revealed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry proteomics. | opium poppy (papaver somniferum) produces a diverse array of bioactive benzylisoquinoline alkaloids, including the narcotic analgesic morphine and the antimicrobial agent sanguinarine. in contrast to the plant, cell cultures of opium poppy do not accumulate alkaloids constitutively but produce sanguinarine in response to treatment with certain fungal-derived elicitors. the induction of sanguinarine biosynthesis provides a model platform to characterize the regulation of benzylisoquinoline alkalo ... | 2009 | 18682378 |