| interval mapping of quantitative trait loci controlling humoral immunity to exogenous antigens: evidence that non-mhc immune response genes may also influence susceptibility to autoimmunity. | igg ab titers elicited to bovine rhodopsin in cfa differ 8- to 10-fold between h2s identical inbred strains a.sw/snj (high responder) and sjl/snj (low responder). this variation in igg ab titer resulted from a dramatic difference in the rise in ab titer occurring during the maturation of the t-dependent humoral immune response. to determine the positions of non-mhc genes controlling this quantitative variation in t-dependent humoral immune responsiveness, 206 reciprocal (a.sw/snj x sjl/snj)f2 fe ... | 1996 | 8805650 |
| taxonomy of nuclear receptors and serpins by multivariate analysis of amino-acid composition. | the global amino-acid composition of a protein, although a cruder variable than sequence, is nevertheless informative and has been correlated with protein structural class. in the present study, we have applied complementary multivariate methods based on chi 2-metrics (correspondence factor analysis (cfa), minimum spanning tree (mst), ascending hierarchical classification (ahc)) to the analysis of the amino-acid frequency patterns of the c-terminal domain of 39 members of the nuclear receptor su ... | 1996 | 8809198 |
| t cell directed immunotherapy of inflammatory demyelination in the peripheral nervous system. potent suppression of the effector phase of experimental autoimmune neuritis by anti-cd2 antibodies. | experimental autoimmune neuritis (ean) of lewis rats, an inflammatory demyelinating neuropathy and model of the human guillain-barré syndrome (gbs), was used to evaluate the novel t cell directed immunotherapy with the anti-cd2 monoclonal antibody (mab) ox34. clinical signs of ean actively induced by immunization with bovine peripheral nerve myelin in complete freund's adjuvant (cfa) were totally prevented or markedly suppressed by preventative injections of ox34 starting 8 days post-immunizatio ... | 1996 | 8813272 |
| characterization of mycobacterial antigens by elisa and immunoblot methods. | antibodies to two mycobacterial antigens viz - culture filtrate antigen (cfa) and mycobacterium tuberculosis antigen 5 were raised in rabbits. enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay (elisa) and immunoblot methods were used for the evaluation of the specificity of the rabbit antibodies to m. tuberculosis. immunoblot method is more sensitive than elisa for the detection of antibodies to m. tuberculosis in the rabbit sera. it is being emphasised that characterisation of the mycobacterial antigens and e ... | 1995 | 8819663 |
| natural immunodominant and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis-protective determinants within the lewis rat v beta 8.2 sequence include cdr2 and framework 3 idiotopes. | the v beta 8.2-39-59 peptide has served as a prototypic natural regulatory idiotope in lewis rats developing experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (eae). the purpose of the present study was to determine if additional regulatory regions were contained within the v beta 8.2 sequence expressed by most encephalogenic t cells. a comprehensive strategy utilizing v beta 8+ hybridomas, a recombinant (r) v beta 8.2 molecule, and overlapping synthetic v beta 8.2 peptides reconfirmed the natural recog ... | 1996 | 8820962 |
| an isobolographic analysis of the effects of n-methyl-d-aspartate and nk1 tachykinin receptor antagonists on inflammatory hyperalgesia in the rat. | 1. the interaction between n-methyl-d-aspartate (nmda) and nk1 tachykinin receptors was analyzed isobolographically in rats with inflammatory hyperalgesia induced by intraplantar injection of complete freund's adjuvant-saline emulsion (cfa, 100 micrograms mycobacterium tuberculosis). 2. thermal hyperalgesia of the inflamed paw, determined by paw withdrawal response to a heat stimulus, was dose-dependently attenuated by intrathecal administration of an nmda receptor antagonist, dextrorphan (2.5-4 ... | 1996 | 8825363 |
| monoclonal antibodies against fimbrial subunits of colonization factor antigen i (cfa/i) inhibit binding to human enterocytes and protect against enterotoxigenic escherichia coli expressing heterologous colonization factors. | enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec) bind to enterocytes in the small intestine by means of antigenically distinct colonization factors (cfs). by immunizing with isolated subunits of cfa/i fimbriae we have previously produced monoclonal antibodies (mabs) that cross-react immunologically in vitro with several cfs. two of these mabs [s(subunit)-cfa/ i 17:8 and s-cfa/i 5:6] were found to significantly inhibit the binding of etec strains expressing either homologous or heterologous cfs, i.e. cfa/ ... | 1996 | 8827705 |
| regional pharmacokinetics of 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine and 5-fluorouracil in dogs: hepatic arterial versus portal venous infusions. | the purpose of this study was to determine the effect of route of hepatic administration of drug on the regional pharmacokinetics and systemic exposure of 5-fluorouracil (fura) and 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine (brdurd). a total of 13 mixed-breed male and female dogs were used in these acute studies. each dog was administered hepatic arterial and portal venous infusions of a single drug, in a cross-over fashion, at two dose rates for a total of four sequential infusions. brdurd was studied at 0.250 and ... | 1996 | 8840990 |
| generalized autoimmunity of the nervous system (gans) induced by a recombinant protein composed of major pathogenic determinants of mbp, irbp, and p2 protein: suppression of inflammation by a monoclonal antibody against activated rat t line cells. | we have developed a new model of generalized autoimmunity of the rat nervous system to study differential immunoregulation, barrier-function, and parenchymal inflammatory processes. we designed a multicomponent synthetic gene encoding major pathogenic determinants for lewis rats of myelin basic protein (mbp), interphotoreceptor retinoid binding protein (irbp), and p2 protein. immunization with the recombinant protein induces a monophasic disease with inflammatory lesions in the eye, brain, spina ... | 1996 | 8841991 |
| colonization factors of enterotoxigenic escherichia coli isolated from children in north india. | colonization factor antigens (cfas) mediate attachment of enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec) to the intestinal mucosa and induce protective immunity against etec diarrhea. etec strains (n = 111) isolated from north indian children from 1985 to 1989 were examined for cfas and putative colonization factors (pcfs). cfa/iv was the most common factor (26%), followed by coli surface antigen 17 (cs17) (19%), cfa/i (14%), pcfo166 (7%), and cfa/ii (5%), while 24% of the isolates were negative for cf ... | 1996 | 8843215 |
| pspa, a protection-eliciting pneumococcal protein: immunogenicity of isolated native pspa in mice. | pspa is a surface exposed virulence factor of s. pneumoniae that can elicit protective immunity to pneumococcal sepsis in mice. it can be released from pneumococci by washing them with a solution containing 2% choline chloride, by growing pneumococci in media containing 1.2% choline chloride, or by growing pneumococci in media in which the choline has been replaced by ethanolamine. our results indicate that pspa is the major protection-eliciting antigen in each of these preparations. two injecti ... | 1996 | 8843627 |
| binding of enterotoxigenic escherichia coli expressing different colonization factors to tissue-cultured caco-2 cells and to isolated human enterocytes. | the binding of etec strains expressing different colonization factors to the human enterocyte-like cell line caco-2 and to isolated human enterocytes were determined. strains expressing cfa/i, cs2, cs4+cs6, cs5+cs6, cs7, cfa/iii+cs6 and pcfo166 adhered well to both types of cells whereas bacteria producing cs1, cs6 only, or cs17 did not adhere to either caco-2 cells or to jejunal human enterocytes, suggesting that similar binding structures are present in both cell types. however, in some instan ... | 1996 | 8844656 |
| plasticity of calcitonin gene related peptide neurotransmission in the spinal cord during peripheral inflammation. | injection of complete freund's adjuvant (cfa; 75 microl) into the plantar surface of the hind paw of the rat results in a mild inflammation that lasts for several days and is accompanied by hyperalgesia. multiple components of calcitonin gene related peptide (cgrp) neurotransmission in the spinal cord are altered during the course of this peripheral inflammation. the content of immunoreactive (i) cgrp in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord, where primary afferent neurons terminate, is significant ... | 1995 | 8846392 |
| aggravation of adjuvant arthritis by carrageenan. | 1. we have studied the optimum conditions for the induction of adjuvant carrageenan-induced inflammation (acii) in male wistar rats with limited susceptibility to adjuvant arthritis (aa). 2. acii was induced by intradermal injection of freund's complete adjuvant (cfa), containing 10 mg/ml mycobacterium tuberculosis, followed by a subplantar inoculation of the nonspecific inflammatory stimulus carrageenan at different times. 3. data obtained indicate that the arthritis of rats inoculated with cfa ... | 1996 | 8853297 |
| host genetic and adjuvant factors influence epitope specificity to a major recombinant grass allergen. | the role of host genetic and adjuvant factors in the induction of immune responses to a major recombinant kentucky bluegrass allergen was examined utilizing five strains of mice and two different adjuvants. analysis of the recombinant allergen-specific antibodies induced in these strains indicated that the antibodies of various isotypes were differentially regulated. in terms of ige antibody response, bdf1 and dba/2 were characterized as high responder, whereas balb/c, cba/j and c57bl/6 were int ... | 1996 | 8859227 |
| autoantibodies against rat prostate antigens. association of specific igg2b and igg2c with the dth response. | although autoimmune response against most tissues in the body has been extensively described, very little is known about autoimmune response against prostate antigens either in humans or animals. in this work we studied the autoimmune response elicited against rat prostate (rp) in wistar rats immunized with a chemically modified extract of syngeneic male sex accessory glands (mrag). we observed that one immunization was enough for the induction of positive delayed-type hypersensitivity test (dth ... | 1996 | 8864823 |
| soluble protein but not peptide administration diverts the immune response of a clonal cd4+ t cell population to the t helper 2 cell pathway. | balb/c mice immunized with protein ags such as ova in adjuvant mount a th1-type response. inhibition of th1 and development of th2 cells can be induced by pretreating balb/c mice with soluble ova before priming. to investigate some aspects of this immune deviation in vivo, naive tcr transgenic t cells specific for the chicken ova peptide 323-339 presented by i-a(d) molecules were adoptively transferred into normal balb/c mice. the frequency and fate of the transferred t cells can be followed wit ... | 1996 | 8871620 |
| superantigens and experimental sle induced by idiotypic dysregulation. | the effects of the superantigens (sags) staphylococcal enterotoxin b (seb), toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (tsst-1) and mycoplasma arthritidis mitogen (mam) were examined on the induction and on the course of experimental sle-like disease. | 1996 | 8871833 |
| production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha as a result of glia-t-cell interaction correlates with the pathogenic activity of myelin basic protein-reactive t cells in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. | tumor necrosis factor-alpha (tnf-alpha) has attracted the greatest attention as a major factor in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (eae) pathogenesis. we compared rats undergoing eae with manipulated but healthy animals by examining tnf-alpha gene expression in cells recovered from the brain. we used reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) as a sensitive assay for detection and northern blot hybridization as a reliable quantitative assay of tnf-alpha mrna. tnf-alpha gen ... | 1996 | 8872900 |
| encephalitogenic t cells are present in lewis rats protected from autoimmune encephalomyelitis by coimmunization with mbp73-84 and its analog. | experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (eae) is an inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (cns) that is mediated by t helper 1 (th1) cd4+ t cells. lewis rats can be protected from actively induced eae by coimmunization with the encephalitogenic myelin basic protein (mbp) epitope 73-84 and its single alanine-substituted analog 1028. although analog 1028 cannot induce either active or passive eae, it does elicit a th1-like response that is cross-reactive with mbp73-84. analog 1028 c ... | 1996 | 8872905 |
| t-cell vaccination prevents eae effector cell development but does not inhibit priming of mbp responsive cells. | cell recipients which have recovered from adoptively transferred experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (eae) mediated by encephalitogenic t-cell lines do not develop clinical disease following subsequent challenge with myelin basic protein (mbp) emulsified in cfa (mbp-cfa), a recipient response termed vaccination. the immune mechanism(s), which accounts for the vaccination-induced resistance response, is not known. we have used an adoptive transfer system to investigate the point(s) of control ... | 1996 | 8872906 |
| calcitonin gene-related peptide content, basal outflow and electrically-evoked release from monoarthritic rat spinal cord in vitro. | in this study, freund's adjuvant-induced monoarthritis in the rat hind paw was used to induce chronic pain and inflammation. in order to compare the basal outflow, electrically-evoked release and total content of calcitonin gene-related peptide like immunoreactivity (cgrp-li) with previously reported changes in substance p (sp-li), the lumbar enlargement of monoarthitic (complete freund's adjuvant-treated, cfa rat) and control (incomplete freund's adjuvant-treated, ifa rat) spinal cords were use ... | 1996 | 8880859 |
| cell density dependent plating efficiency affects outcome and interpretation of colony forming assays. | the usefulness of colony forming assays (cfa) has been established for almost 40 years (puck and marcus, j.exp.med. 103: 653-666, 1956). although time-consuming and not successful for all cell lines, it is generally considered to be the gold standard of assays for testing the sensitivity of cell lines to ionizing radiation or other cytotoxic agents in vitro. we recently found for several cell lines that the plating efficiencies of both control and irradiated cells is dependent upon the density o ... | 1996 | 8884965 |
| zinc reduces the hyperalgesia and upregulation of ngf and il-1 beta produced by peripheral inflammation in the rat. | the effect of systemic zinc administration on the inflammatory hyperalgesia induced by intraplantar injections of either complete freund's adjuvant (cfa) or bacterial endotoxin/lipopolysaccharide (lps) in a hindpaw of adult rats was investigated. cfa injection resulted in mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia and an elevation in the levels of interleukin-1 beta (il-1 beta) and nerve growth factor (ngf) in the ipsilateral hindpaw. zinc treatment (20 nmole) significantly reduced sensitivity in the e ... | 1996 | 8887968 |
| identification of a cross-reactive continuous b-cell epitope in enterotoxigenic escherichia coli colonization factor antigen i. | enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec) colonizes the intestine by means of several antigenically distinct colonization factors (cfs). several of these cfs have very significant amino acid sequence similarity or identity, particularly in the n-terminal end. we have previously shown that a monoclonal antibody (mab) raised against the subunits of colonization factor antigen i (cfa/i) fimbriae, which reacts with a peptide corresponding to the 25 n-terminal amino acids of such subunits, can inhibit ... | 1996 | 8890199 |
| progressive tactile hypersensitivity: an inflammation-induced incremental increase in the excitability of the spinal cord. | two established phenomena contribute to the generation of post-injury pain hypersensitivity: peripheral sensitization, an increase in transduction sensitivity of high threshold a delta and c-fibre nociceptors, and central sensitization, an increase in excitability of neurones in the spinal cord triggered exclusively by c-fibre inputs. we now describe a novel phenomenon: progressive tactile hypersensitivity, which contributes to a cumulative allodynia during inflammation. behavioural measurements ... | 1996 | 8895236 |
| altered c-fos expression in the parabrachial nucleus in a rodent model of cfa-induced peripheral inflammation. | increases in the expression of immediate early genes have been shown to occur in the lumbar spinal cord dorsal horn after peripheral inflammation. given that the pontine parabrachial nucleus has been implicated in nociceptive as well as antinociceptive processes and is reciprocally connected with the spinal cord dorsal horn, it seems likely that peripheral inflammation will cause alterations in immediate early gene expression in this nucleus. to test this hypothesis we examined cfos-like immunor ... | 1996 | 8907357 |
| mouse models of autoimmune disease suggest that self-tolerance is maintained by unresponsive autoreactive t cells. | multiple organ-localized autoimmune diseases, such as thyroiditis and gastritis, spontaneously develop in balb/c nu/nu (nude) mice receiving embryonic rat thymus grafts (tg) under their renal capsules (tg nude mice). when thyroid was grafted into the rat thymus of tg nude mice, development of autoimmune thyroiditis, but not other diseases, was completely prevented. however, when such mice received thyroid antigen plus complete freund's adjuvant (cfa), severe autoimmune thyroiditis developed, sug ... | 1996 | 8911134 |
| regulation of autoimmune diabetes: characteristics of non-islet-antigen specific therapies. | non-islet-antigen specific treatments have been shown to alter the natural history of insulin dependent diabetes in both the non-obese diabetic (nod) mouse and in recently diagnosed patients. however concerns have been raised regarding the possibility that non-islet-antigen specific therapy may trade cell mediated autoimmunity for antibody dependent autoimmunity. female nod mice at approximately 70 days of age were treated with the non-islet-antigen specific agents complete freund's adjuvant (cf ... | 1996 | 8912002 |
| collagen-induced arthritis in dba/1 mice: cytokine gene activation following immunization with type ii collagen. | immunization of dba/1 mice with bovine type ii collagen (cii) in complete freund's adjuvant (cfa) leads to collagen-induced arthritis as evidenced by joint inflammation. in this study, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) was used to demonstrate the activation of genes encoding for il-2, ifn-gamma, and il-10 in the lymph nodes from both cii-immunized and control cfa-immunized dba/1 mice, at days 10, 40, and 70 after immunization, in the absence of any il-5 or il-13 transcript ... | 1996 | 8912886 |
| detection of circulating fasciola gigantica antigen in experimental and natural infections of sheep with fasciolosis. | detection of circulating fasciola gigantica antigen was performed in sera of sheep with experimental and natural f. gigantica infections using the direct enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. sera from sheep with monoinfections of schistosoma bovis, dicrocoelium hospes and paramphistomum microbothrium were included in the assay to ascertain specificity. circulating f. gigantica antigen (cfa) was detected as early as 1 week after infection in the experimentally infected sheep. no detectable c ... | 1996 | 8916398 |
| identification of an immunodominant t cell epitope on cholera toxin. | cholera toxin (ct), the enterotoxin of vibrio cholerae, is a potent mucosal immunogen as well as a strong mucosal adjuvant to related and unrelated antigens. the mucosal immune response to ct is t cell dependent and mhc class ii restricted. the epitopes on ct recognized by t cells have not been identified. the purpose of this study was to determine the fine specificity of t cell recognition of both the ct a subunit (ct-a) and the ct b subunit (ct-b) by using a range of synthetic peptides. after ... | 1996 | 8921943 |
| increased plasma glycam-1, a mouse l-selectin ligand, in response to an inflammatory stimulus. | glycam-1 (glycosylation-dependent cell adhesion molecule-1) is one of the sialomucin-like ligands for l-selectin, which is a member of the selectin family and mediates initial adhesion of leukocytes to specialized high endothelial venules in lymph nodes and venules at sites of inflammation. glycam-1, lacking a transmembrane domain, is supposed to be secreted into the blood. to understand the functional role of secreted glycam-1, we performed sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to measure ... | 1996 | 8929549 |
| enhanced descending modulation of nociception in rats with persistent hindpaw inflammation. | 1. the role of descending brain stem modulatory systems in the development of persistent behavioral hyperalgesia and dorsal horn hyperexcitability was studied in rats with unilateral hindpaw inflammation. inflammation was induced by intraplantar injection of complete freund's adjuvant (cfa, 0.05 ml of an 1:1 oil/saline emulsion, 25 micrograms mycobacterium), or lambda carrageenan (1 mg/ 0.1 ml saline). thermal hyperalgesia was assessed by testing paw withdrawal latency (pwl) to a noxious heat st ... | 1996 | 8930252 |
| regulation of cytokine gene expression in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. | we previously reported that recovery of lewis rats from experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (eae) is associated with the appearance of suppressor t cells (ts). these ts secrete tgf-beta which down-regulates the production of inflammatory cytokines by the effector t cells that mediate this disease. in the present study, we immunized lewis rats with myelin basic protein (mbp)+cfa, and evaluated purified t cells and mbp-activated spleen cells (spc) during the paralytic phase (day 12) and afte ... | 1996 | 8950703 |
| basal and touch-evoked fos-like immunoreactivity during experimental inflammation in the rat. | fos-immunoreactivity can readily be induced in spinal cord neurones by noxious, but to a much more limited extent, by innocuous peripheral stimuli. the present study has investigated whether low intensity stimuli and electrical stimulation of a beta afferents elicit greater c-fos expression during the behavioural sensory hypersensitivity generated by experimental peripheral inflammation. we have examined the time-course of c-fos expression after inflammation produced by either an intra-plantar i ... | 1996 | 8951924 |
| saponin adjuvant primes for a dominant interleukin-10 production to ovalbumin and to trypanosoma cruzi antigen. | the adjuvant activity of saponin for t-cell responses was evaluated and compared with that of complete freund's adjuvant (cfa) in two antigen systems: a lysate of the protozoa trypanosoma cruzi and ovalbumin (oa). strong delayed-type hypersensitivity and t-cell proliferate responses, comparable with those stimulated by cfa, were observed for both antigens following immunization with saponin as adjuvant. upon in vitro secondary antigen stimulation, high interleukin-10 (il-10) and low interferon-g ... | 1996 | 8958049 |
| cag, a pathogenicity island of helicobacter pylori, encodes type i-specific and disease-associated virulence factors. | caga, a gene that codes for an immunodominant antigen, is present only in helicobacter pylori strains that are associated with severe forms of gastroduodenal disease (type i strains). we found that the genetic locus that contains caga (cag) is part of a 40-kb dna insertion that likely was acquired horizontally and integrated into the chromosomal glutamate racemase gene. this pathogenicity island is flanked by direct repeats of 31 bp. in some strains, cag is split into a right segment (cagi) and ... | 1996 | 8962108 |
| antigen-specific t-cell activations distinguished by in vivo anti-cd4 antibody treatment. | this study identifies activation characteristics of ppd-responsive t-cells that emerge after treatment with anti-cd4 monoclonal antibody (mab). ppd-stimulated t-cell proliferations, ox40 phenotype and protein tyrosine phosphorylations involving p56lck (pp56lck) were compared to con a stimulations using t-cells isolated from spleen and draining lymph node of cfa/ppd-immunized rats either untreated or treated in vivo with anti-cd4 mab. splenocytes stimulated by concanavalin a (con a) showed correl ... | 1995 | 8964651 |
| resting memory cd8+ t cells are hyperreactive to antigenic challenge in vitro. | the characteristics of cd8+ t cells responsible for memory responses are still largely unknown. particularly, it has not been determined whether different activation thresholds distinguish naive from memory cd8+ t cell populations. in most experimental systems, heterogeneous populations of primed cd8+ t cells can be identified in vivo after immunization. these cells differ in terms of cell cycle status, surface phenotype, and/or effector function. this heterogeneity has made it difficult to asse ... | 1996 | 8976170 |
| the antibody repertoire in experimental allergic neuritis: evidence for pmp-22 as a novel neuritogen. | experimental allergic neuritis (ean) is an autoimmune disease that serves as an animal model for the guillain-barré syndrome (gbs). in both disorders there is still great uncertainty as to the significance and diversity of autoantibodies involved. we focused on the characterization of serum antibody production in response to various peripheral nervous system (pns) myelin proteins during the course of actively induced ean in lewis rats. these data were compared with ean induced by adoptive transf ... | 1996 | 8982118 |
| construction of a stable and non-resistant bivalent vaccine candidate strain against shigella flexneri 2a and shigella sonnei. | the e. coli cs3 gene coding for cfa/ii antigen was site-specifically integrated into the asd gene locus of s. flexneri 2a vaccine strain t32, resulting in the inactivation of the asd gene. meanwhile, the gene cluster for s. sonnei o antigen was cloned into a non-resistant expression vector pxl378 to construct the plasmid pxl390. by transforming the asd-mutant of the t32 strain with pxl390, the bivalent vaccine candidate strain fs01 against s. flexneri 2a and s. sonnei was finally obtained. exper ... | 1996 | 8988355 |
| fimbrial adhesins: similarities and variations in structure and biogenesis. | fimbriae are wiry (2 to 4 nm diam.) or rod-shaped (6 to 8 nm diam.), fibre-like structures on the surfaces of bacteria which mediate attachment to host cells. much has been learned in recent years about the biogenesis, structure and regulation of expression of these adhesive organelles in gram-negative bacteria. analyses of the genetic determinants encoding the biogenesis of fimbriae has revealed that the adhesive interaction of fimbriae can be mediated by major subunits (cfa/i and cs1 fimbriae) ... | 1996 | 8988393 |
| characterisation of genes involved in biosynthesis of coronafacic acid, the polyketide component of the phytotoxin coronatine. | coronafacic acid (cfa) is the polyketide component of coronatine (cor), a phytotoxin produced by the plant pathogen, pseudomonas syringae. in the present study we have determined the nucleotide sequence of a 3.92-kb dna fragment involved in cfa biosynthesis. analysis of the sequence revealed four complete open reading frames (orfs) designated cfa1 to cfa4 and one incomplete orf (cfa5), all transcribed in the same direction. the predicted translation products of cfa1, cfa2 and cfa3 showed related ... | 1996 | 8996103 |
| suppression of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (eae) by intraperitoneal administration of soluble myelin antigens in wistar rats. | intraperitoneal (i.p.) treatment of wistar rats with bovine myelin (bm) or myelin basic protein (mbp) previously to immunization with bm-cfa showed a diminished incidence and severity of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (eae) (2/13 and 0/7, respectively) when compared with rats immunized with bm-cfa (11/17) or i.p. treated with ovalbumin (2/4). concomitantly, animals treated with bm or mbp exhibited a marked reduction of proliferative response to mbp which was highly positive when splee ... | 1997 | 9003240 |
| distribution of colonization factor antigens among enterotoxigenic escherichia coli strains isolated from patients with diarrhea in nepal, indonesia, peru, and thailand. | samples (1,318) of enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec) isolated in 1994-1995 from children with diarrhea from nepal, indonesia, peru, and thailand were examined for colonization factor antigen (cfa) and coli surface (cs) antigens. fifty-five percent of 361 heat-labile and heat-stable (lt-st), 14% of 620 lt-only, and 48% of 337 st-only etec had cfa/cs antigens. lt-st etec strains were predominantly in the cfa ii group, and st only strains were in the cfa iv group. additional studies are neede ... | 1997 | 9003636 |
| experimental autoimmune cystitis in the lewis rat: a potential animal model for interstitial cystitis. | to develop an autoimmune animal model for interstitial cystitis (ic), we injected rats with freund's adjuvant (cfa) containing bladder homogenate (experimentals) or cfa alone (shams). we observed a doubling of urinary frequency in the experimental animals over the shams (p = 0.004) and histopathologic changes (venular congestion) consistent with ic. statistically significant bladder capacity changes were not found. mast cell (mc) number was not statistically different between experimentals and c ... | 1996 | 9008331 |
| a new putative fimbrial colonization factor, cs19, of human enterotoxigenic escherichia coli. | a gene probe derived from the colonization factor antigen i (cfa/i) operon cross-hybridized at very low stringency to plasmid dna from coli surface antigen 17 (cs17)-producing enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec) and from the etec strain f595c, which was negative for previously described cfas, css, and putative colonization factors (pcfs). a 16-kda protein was identified in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of heat extracts prepared after growth of strain f595c at 37 d ... | 1997 | 9009305 |
| experimental allergic encephalomyelitis and vaccination-induced resistance in da rats. | in this report, we show that da rats (rt1a haplotype) immunized with myelin basic protein (mbp)-cfa develop and recover from an ascending paralysis, with the course and severity of clinical disease similar to the kinetics observed with mbp-cfa-immunized lewis rats. experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (eae) can be adoptively transferred with mbp-stimulated immune spleen cells, with onset of paralysis 4 days following transfer and complete recovery 3-4 days later. to determine if the vaccinati ... | 1997 | 9015193 |
| reduced incidence and severity of antigen-induced autoimmune diseases in mice lacking interferon regulatory factor-1. | interferon regulatory factor-1 (irf-1) is a transcription factor that regulates interferon-induced genes and type i interferons. recently, studies of irf-l-deficient mice have revealed that irf-i regulates the induction of molecules that play important roles in inflammation, such as inducible nitric oxide synthase (inos) and interleukin-l beta-converting enzyme (ice). to study the role of irf-1 in autoimmunity, we investigated type ii collagen-induced arthritis (cia), and experimental allergic e ... | 1997 | 9016872 |
| the transcriptional promoter regulates hypermutation of the antibody heavy chain locus. | a somatic process introduces mutations into antibody variable (v) region genes at a high rate in many vertebrates, and is a major source of antibody diversity. the mechanism of this hypermutation process remains enigmatic, although retrospective studies and transgenic experiments have recently suggested a role for transcriptional regulatory elements. here, we demonstrate that mouse heavy (h) chain loci in which the natural vh promoter has been replaced by a heterologous promoter undergo hypermut ... | 1997 | 9016873 |
| cloning, sequencing, mapping and hyperexpression of the ribc gene coding for riboflavin synthase of escherichia coli. | the gene coding for riboflavin synthase of escherichia coli has been cloned by marker rescue on a 6-kb fragment that has been sequenced. the riboflavin synthase gene is identical to the ribc locus and codes for a protein of 213 amino acids with a mass of 23.4 kda. it was mapped to a position at 37.5 min on the physical map of the e. coli chromosome. the 3' end of the ribc gene is directly adjacent to the cfa gene, which codes for cyclopropane-fatty-acid synthase. this gene is followed by two ope ... | 1996 | 9022701 |
| proteinaceous factor(s) in culture supernatant fluids of bifidobacteria which prevents the binding of enterotoxigenic escherichia coli to gangliotetraosylceramide. | we have examined the competitive binding of several species of bifidobacterium and escherichia coli pb176, an enterotoxigenic e. coli (etec) strain, to gangliotetraosylceramide (asialo gm1 or ga1), a common bacterium-binding structure, and identified a factor(s) in the bifidobacterium culture supernatant fluid that inhibits the binding of e. coli pb176 to ga1. the etec strain we used expresses colonization factor antigen (cfa) ii, which consists of coli surface-associated antigens cs1 and cs3. c ... | 1997 | 9023929 |
| suckling and sucrose ingestion suppress persistent hyperalgesia and spinal fos expression after forepaw inflammation in infant rats. | sweet taste and nonnutritive suckling produce analgesia to transient noxious stimuli in infant rats and humans. the present study evaluated the pain-modulating effects of sucrose and suckling in a rat model of persistent pain and hyperalgesia that mimics the response to tissue injury in humans. fore- and hindpaw withdrawal latencies from a 30 degrees or 48 degrees c brass stylus were determined in 10-day-old rats following paw inflammation induced by complete freund's adjuvant (cfa; 1:1 injected ... | 1997 | 9037077 |
| novel genetic regulation of t helper 1 (th1)/th2 cytokine production and encephalitogenicity in inbred mouse strains. | development of t helper cell (th)1 or th2 cytokine responses is essential for effector and regulatory functions of t helper cells. we have compared cytokine profiles of myelin basic protein (mbp) ac1-16 peptide-specific t helper cells from inbred mouse strains expressing identical k haplotype-derived mhc class ii molecules b10.a and b10.br, b10.br t cell lines (tcl) produced th1 cytokines (including high levels of tnf-alpha) and induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis after adoptive tr ... | 1997 | 9053444 |
| comparison of the cellular fatty acid composition of a bacterium isolated from a human and alleged to be bacillus sphaericus with that of bacillus sphaericus isolated from a mosquito larvicide. | the cellular fatty acid (cfa) composition of the cytoplasmic membrane of a bacillus isolated from a human lung and deposited in the national collection of type cultures as bacillus sphaericus nctc 11025 was determined by gas-liquid chromatography. the cfa composition of b. sphaericus 2362, isolated from a microbial larvicide, and those of b. sphaericus reference strains obtained from public collections were also determined. samples were grouped by hierarchical cluster analysis based on the unpai ... | 1997 | 9055417 |
| linomide suppresses both th1 and th2 cytokines in experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis. | suppressive effects of the synthetic immunomodulatory drug linomide have been shown in several autoimmune models, including antibody-mediated experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (eamg), a model for human myasthenia gravis (mg). to define the mechanisms underlying eamg suppression, we injected linomide subcutaneously at different doses into lewis rats immunized with torpedo acetylcholine receptor (achr) in complete freund's adjuvant (cfa), and investigated achr-specific t and b cell respons ... | 1997 | 9058774 |
| effect of long-term treatment with complete freund's adjuvant on kk-ay mouse, a model of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. | nonspecific stimulation with immunoadjuvants significantly improves glucose tolerance in animal models for non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (niddm). in this study, we observed the effect of long-term treatment with complete freund's adjuvant (cfa) on serum factors and histology of various organs in kk-ay mice with niddm. the mice were injected with cfa weekly or every 2 weeks for 12 weeks. glucose tolerance was significantly improved in the cfa-treated mice throughout the experiment. at t ... | 1997 | 9073536 |
| role of t cells in the mediation of heymann nephritis. ii. identification of th1 and cytotoxic cells in glomeruli. | the role of immunoglobulin (ig) and complement as mediators of heymann nephritis (hn) has been questioned by recent studies showing that hn can be induced in a c6-deficient rat that cannot assemble the membrane attack complex of complement. also, the severity of hn can be reduced by therapy directed at cd8+ t cells, which has no effect on antibody (ab) production or immune deposits. to identify whether t cells may contribute to the glomerular injury of active hn in lewis rats, the mononuclear in ... | 1997 | 9083271 |
| immune effector cells induced by complete freund's adjuvant exert an inhibitory effect on antigen-specific type 2 t helper responses. | it has been well documented that environmental factors such as antigenpresenting cells and related cytokines could affect the development of t helper cells. | 1997 | 9088658 |
| an hla-dr1 transgene confers susceptibility to collagen-induced arthritis elicited with human type ii collagen. | rheumatoid arthritis (ra) is an autoimmune disease that is strongly associated with the expression of several hla-dr haplotypes, including dr1 (drb1*0101). although the antigen that initiates ra remains elusive, it has been shown that many patients have autoimmunity directed to type ii collagen (cii). to test the hypothesis that hla-dr1 is capable of mediating an immune response to cii, we have generated transgenic mice expressing chimeric (human/mouse) hla-dr1. when the dr1 transgenic mice were ... | 1997 | 9091584 |
| collagen-induced arthritis is reduced in 5-lipoxygenase-activating protein-deficient mice. | collagen-induced arthritis in the dba/1 mouse is an experimental model of human rheumatoid arthritis. to examine the role of leukotrienes in the pathogenesis of this disease, we have developed embryonic stem (es) cells from this mouse strain. here, we report that dba/1 mice made deficient in 5-lipoxygenase-activating protein (flap) by gene targeting in es cells develop and grow normally. zymosan-stimulated leukotriene production in the peritoneal cavity of these mice is undetectable, whereas the ... | 1997 | 9091585 |
| comparison of the effects of tenoxicam and mid-laser irradiation on chronic adjuvant arthritis in rats. | this controlled experimental study was designed to compare the effects of a well-known nsaid, tenoxicam, with mid-laser irradiation on the inflammatory component of adjuvant-induced arthritis (aia). four groups of animals, each consisting of 10 wistar rats, were included in the study. the primary concern was not to investigate the antiinflammatory effects of tenoxicam, but to compare the previously proven effects of this drug with a physical therapy agent which might be considered to have fewer ... | 1997 | 9093779 |
| a peptide composed of tandem analogs of two myasthenogenic t cell epitopes interferes with specific autoimmune responses. | myasthenia gravis (mg) is a t cell-regulated, antibody-mediated autoimmune disease. two peptides representing sequences of the human acetylcholine receptor alpha-subunit, p195-212 and p259-271, were previously shown to stimulate peripheral blood lymphocytes of patients with mg and were found to be immunodominant t cell epitopes in sjl and balb/c mice, respectively. single amino acid substituted analogs of p195-212 (analog ala-207) and p259-271 (analog lys-262) were synthesized. we showed that an ... | 1997 | 9096370 |
| time-course changes of nerve growth factor, corticotropin-releasing hormone, and nitric oxide synthase isoforms and their possible role in the development of inflammatory response in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. | in this paper we report a time-course study of development of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in lewis rats, by monitoring neuroendocrine regulation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis through corticotropin-releasing hormone mrna expression, inflammatory cellular infiltrate, macrophagic and neuronal nitric oxide synthase, nerve growth factor (ngf), and ngf p75 and trka receptors in the brain and spinal cord. we analyzed animals during 20 days after immunization, a time interval th ... | 1997 | 9096400 |
| interleukin 1 beta-converting enzyme related proteases/caspases are involved in trail-induced apoptosis of myeloma and leukemia cells. | the fas/apo-1/cd95 ligand (cd95l) and the recently cloned trail ligand belong to the tnf-family and share the ability to induce apoptosis in sensitive target cells. little information is available on the degree of functional redundancy between these two ligands in terms of target selectivity and intracellular signalling pathway(s). to address these issues, we have expressed and characterized recombinant mouse trail. specific detection with newly developed rabbit anti-trail antibodies showed that ... | 1997 | 9105050 |
| modulation of murine systemic lupus erythematosus with peptides based on complementarity determining regions of a pathogenic anti-dna monoclonal antibody. | experimental systemic lupus erythematosus (sle) can be induced in naive mice by immunization with a murine monoclonal anti-dna antibody (mab), 5g12, that bears a major idiotype designated 16/6 id. strain-dependent differences were observed in the proliferative responses of lymph node cells of mice immunized with two peptides based on the sequences of the complementarity determining region (cdr) 1 and 3 of mab 5g12. the capacity of the peptides to bind to major histocompatibility complex class ii ... | 1997 | 9114040 |
| glucose up-regulates expression of the differentiation-associated brush border binding site for enterotoxigenic escherichia coli colonization factor antigen i in cultured human enterocyte-like cells. | the association of enterotoxigenic escherichia coli expressing colonization factor antigen i (cfa/i) with the cultured human colon adenocarcinoma cell, a model of the mature enterocyte of the small intestine, is dependent on the binding of cfa/i to a brush border-associated component. binding of the purified radiolabeled [125i]cfa/i- and 14c-labeled cfa/i-positive bacteria could be displaced by an increasing concentration of unlabeled cfa/i. moreover, we showed that expression of the specific cf ... | 1997 | 9119465 |
| a t helper cell 2 (th2) immune response against non-self antigens modifies the cytokine profile of autoimmune t cells and protects against experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. | experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (eae) is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (cns), and the most commonly used experimental model for multiple sclerosis. it is mediated by autoreactive t cell clones exhibiting a t helper cell (th) 1 cytokine profile. nonencephalitogenic t lymphocytes specific for self or exogenous antigens have been found to suppress encephalitogenic t cell responses and to protect against autoimmune disease. the mechanisms by which exogenous antigens mod ... | 1997 | 9120396 |
| experimental autoimmune uveitis in hla-b27 transgenic mice. | the major histocompatibility complex (mhc) gene, hla-b27 is strongly associated with auto-immune uveitis and spondyloarthropathies in humans. experimental mouse models of autoimmune uveitis involve systemic immunization with the retinal autoantigen interphotoreceptor retinoid binding protein (irbp). to assess possible roles of hla-b27 in autoimmune uveitis, as well as to investigate a possible new animal model of human uveitis, inbred strains of c57bl/6 and c57bl/6 possessing the human hla-b27 o ... | 1997 | 9129978 |
| humoral and cell-mediated immune responses following lesions of the nucleus basalis magnocellularis in the rat. | the present study was undertaken to elucidate whether electrolytic lesions of nucleus basalis magnocellularis--nbm (an animal model of alzheimer's disease--ad) may influence humoral and cellular immune responses in adult male wistar rats. for this purpose intact control (ic), sham-operated (so) and nbm-lesioned rats were divided into two main groups: (1) rats immunized with sheep red blood cells (srbc) for plaque-forming cell (pfc) response and anti-srbc agglutinins, and (2) rats immunized with ... | 1997 | 9134454 |
| [expression of the stress-response protein 60 in iritis in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis--an immunohistochemical study]. | uveitis of unknown etiology is known to occur in association with various systemic disorders. we did an immunohistochemical study on the expression of stress-response proteins (srp's) in iritis associated with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (eae), which is regarded as a model of multiple sclerosis. eae was induced in lewis rats by sensitization with homogenized spinal cord of guinea pig in complete freund's adjuvant (cfa) (group eae). for controls, we used rats sensitized with cfa onl ... | 1997 | 9136568 |
| expression of colonization factor antigen i fimbriae by enterotoxigenic escherichia coli; influence of growth conditions and a recombinant positive regulatory gene. | enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec) may spontaneously lose the positive regulatory cfar gene and thereby the capacity to express colonization factor antigen i (cfa/i). a recombinant plasmid harbouring the cfar gene was transformed into cfar-negative mutant etec strains. cfa/i expression of wild-type and cfar-transformed etec cultivated in different liquid media was quantified. at 37 degrees c, a high level of cfa/i expression from wild-type and cfar-transformed strains was observed after gro ... | 1997 | 9137521 |
| cell line specific radiosensitizing effect of zalcitabine (2',3'-dideoxycytidine). | the potential of zalcitabine (ddc) to act as an ionizing radiation response modifier was tested on exponentially growing human cancer cells in vitro. two human cell lines, widr (colon) and mcf-7 (breast) were exposed to ddc at 10 microm concentration for various lengths of time (18, 24, 48 and 72 h). on the widr cell line the dual effect of concentration and duration of exposure prior to irradiation was investigated. experimental endpoints were clonogenicity and viability, as measured by colony ... | 1997 | 9140438 |
| the progressive tactile hyperalgesia induced by peripheral inflammation is nerve growth factor dependent. | experimental peripheral inflammation results in cutaneous mechanical hypersensitivity, and repeated low intensity mechanical stimulation of the inflamed skin induces a progressively incrementing hyperalgesia. we have now examined whether the elevation in nerve growth factor (ngf) induced by the inflammation contributes to this progressive hyperalgesia. an i.p. injection of anti-ngf antiserum (5 microliters g-1) 1 h before induction of inflammation by intraplantar complete freund's adjuvant (cfa) ... | 1997 | 9141043 |
| prevention of autoimmune disease due to lymphocyte modulation by the b-subunit of escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin. | we demonstrate that the receptor binding moiety of escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin (etxb) can completely prevent autoimmune disease in a murine model of arthritis. injection of male dba/1 mice at the base of the tail with type ii collagen in the presence of complete freund's adjuvant normally leads to arthritis, as evidenced by inflammatory infiltration and swelling of the joints. a separate injection of etxb at the same time as collagen challenge prevented leukocyte infiltration, synov ... | 1997 | 9144230 |
| norepinephrine content in primary and secondary lymphoid organs is altered in rats with adjuvant-induced arthritis. | chemical sympathectomy of secondary lymphoid organs with sparing of the hind limbs exacerbates adjuvant-induced arthritis (aa) in lewis rats supporting a role for noradrenergic (na) innervation of the immune system in aa pathology. the present study examines sympathetic innervation of lymphoid organs from lewis rats 32 days after treatment with complete freund's adjuvant (cfa) or vehicle using fluorescence histochemistry for localization of catecholamines (ca) and high-performance liquid chromat ... | 1997 | 9147367 |
| influence of adjuvants on the induction of autoantibodies to the thyrotropin receptor. | to determine the influence of adjuvant on the induction of antibodies to thyrotropin receptor (tshr), we immunized balb/c mice with a extracellular domain of the tshr (etshr) protein in complete freund's adjuvant (cfa), titer max (tm) and gerbu. similarly, control groups of mice were immunized with bovine serum albumin (bsa) in each of the different adjuvants. as determined by elisa, etshr given along with cfa elicited high titers of antibodies to etshr which were mainly restricted to the igg1 s ... | 1996 | 9147579 |
| placebo-controlled trial of vaccination with hepatitis b virus surface antigen in hepatitis b virus transgenic mice. | treatment of hepatitis b virus carriers by vaccine containing hepatitis b surface antigen with pre-s protein and hbsag/ anti-hbs complex has been reported and these studies have constituted a new and promising concept for the treatment of hbv-carriers. the present communication, a placebo-controlled trial of vaccination in hbv-transgenic mice, was designed to examine the impact of vaccination using a high dose of hbsag for a duration of 12 months to achieve further insights about the dose, durat ... | 1997 | 9148003 |
| regulatory t cells specific for the same framework 3 region of the vbeta8.2 chain are involved in the control of collagen ii-induced arthritis and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. | recent evidence indicates that chronic autoimmune disease can result from breakdown of regulation and subsequent activation of self-reactive t cells. in many murine autoimmune disease systems and in the lewis rat, antigen-specific t cells utilizing the t cell receptor (tcr) vbeta8.2 gene segment play a major role. in the myelin basic protein-induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (eae) model in h-2(u) mice, we had shown that t cells recognizing a peptide determinant within the framewo ... | 1997 | 9151697 |
| transforming growth factor beta (tgf-beta)-dependent inhibition of t helper cell 2 (th2)-induced autoimmunity by self-major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class ii-specific, regulatory cd4(+) t cell lines. | autoreactive anti-mhc class ii t cells are found in brown norway (bn) and lewis (lew) rats that receive either hgcl2 or gold salts. these t cells have a t helper cell 2 (th2) phenotype in the former strain and are responsible for th2-mediated autoimmunity. in contrast, t cells that expand in lew rats produce il-2 and prevent experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, a cell-mediated autoimmune disease. the aim of this work was to investigate, using t cell lines derived from hgcl2-injected lew ra ... | 1997 | 9151702 |
| local delivery of interleukin 4 by retrovirus-transduced t lymphocytes ameliorates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. | experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (eae) is an inflammatory autoimmune disease of the central nervous system which serves as a model for the human disease multiple sclerosis. we demonstrate here that encephalitogenic t cells, transduced with a retroviral gene, construct to express interleukin 4, and can delay the onset and reduce the severity of eae when adoptively transferred to myelin basic protein-immunized mice. thus, t lymphocytes transduced with retroviral vectors can deliver "regul ... | 1997 | 9151908 |
| antigens produced in plants by infection with chimeric plant viruses immunize against rabies virus and hiv-1. | the coat protein (cp) of alfalfa mosaic virus was used as a carrier molecule to express antigenic peptides from rabies virus and hiv. the antigens were separately cloned into the reading frame of alfalfa mosaic virus cp and placed under the control of the subgenomic promoter of tobacco mosaic virus cp in the 30brz vector. the in vitro transcripts of recombinant virus with sequences encoding the antigenic peptides were synthesized from dna constructs and used to inoculate tobacco plants. the plan ... | 1997 | 9159151 |
| analysis of incidence of infection with enterotoxigenic escherichia coli in a prospective cohort study of infant diarrhea in nicaragua. | diarrheal episodes with enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec) were prospectively monitored during the first 2 years of life in a cohort of 235 infants from leon, nicaragua. etec was an etiological finding in 38% (310 of 808) of diarrheal episodes and in 19% (277 of 1,472) of samples taken as asymptomatic controls at defined age intervals (p = <0.0001). the majority of diarrheal episodes (80%) occurred before 12 months of age. the major etec type was characterized by colonization factor cfa i a ... | 1997 | 9163453 |
| coli surface antigens associated with enterotoxigenic escherichia coli strains isolated from persons with traveler's diarrhea in asia. | enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec) strains were isolated from travelers or military personnel who developed diarrhea after visiting nepal or who were deployed to thailand, indonesia, or the philippines. etec isolates were examined for colonization factor antigen (cfa). cfas were identified on 59% (40 of 68) of the isolates examined. the lack of a detectable cfa on 41% (28 of 68) of the isolates is of concern for the development of an effective etec vaccine. | 1997 | 9163506 |
| n-propionylated group b meningococcal polysaccharide mimics a unique bactericidal capsular epitope in group b neisseria meningitidis. | the n-propionylated group b meningococcal polysaccharide (nprgbmp) mimics a unique protective epitope on the surface of group b meningococci (gbm) and escherichia coli k1. using a series of monoclonal antibodies (mabs) induced by the nprgbmp-monomeric tetanus toxoid (tt) conjugate vaccine it was demonstrated that mabs having specificities for both extended and conventional short segments of the nprgbmp were formed, but only the former were bactericidal, and/or gave passive protection against liv ... | 1997 | 9166422 |
| use of type i and type iv hypersensitivity responses to define the immunopharmacological profile of drugs. | administration of antigen suspended in incomplete freund's adjuvant supplemented with either heat-killed mycobacterium tuberculosis (complete freund's adjuvant, cfa) or bordetella pertussis toxin sensitizes animals so that subsequent antigen challenge leads to delayed-type (dth) or immediate type hypersensitivity (ith) responses, named type iv and type i, respectively. appropriate timing of administration of drugs with respect to immunization or antigen challenge allowed to detect predominantly ... | 1997 | 9174984 |
| long-term effect of primary immunization on subsequent immune responsiveness. | specific antigen/adjuvant combinations preferentially induce type 1 or type 2 cytokine responses. for example, balb/c mice primed with tnp-ovalbumin in complete freund's adjuvant (tnp-ova/cfa) produce a type 2-dominated response characterized by the activation of il-4-secreting cells and the production of igg1 and ige anti-tnp antibodies. in contrast, mice primed with tnp conjugated to brucella abortus (tnp-ba) produce a type 1 response dominated by the secretion of ifn-gamma and igg2a anti-tnp ... | 1997 | 9178643 |
| cytokines, nerve growth factor and inflammatory hyperalgesia: the contribution of tumour necrosis factor alpha. | 1. peripheral inflammation is characterized by heightened pain sensitivity. this hyperalgesia is the consequence of the release of inflammatory mediators, cytokines and growth factors. a key participant is the induction of the neurotrophin nerve growth factor (ngf) by interleukin-1 beta (il-1 beta). 2. tumour necrosis factor alpha (tnf alpha) has been shown both to produce hyperalgesia and to upregulate il-1 beta. we have now examined whether the induction of tnf alpha in inflammatory lesions co ... | 1997 | 9179382 |
| diffuse adherence, st-i enterotoxin and cfa/iv colonization factor are encoded by the same plasmid in the escherichia coli o29:h21 strain. | escherichia coli o29:h21 is a human enterotoxigenic serotype that produces heat-stable (st-i) enterotoxin, adheres diffusely to hela cells, and presents colonization factor antigen iv (cfa/iv) composed of cs5cs6 surface antigens. in one strain studied the genes for diffuse adherence and cfa/iv (cs5cs6) production were found to be present in the same plasmid encoding st-i. the virulence plasmid (ent) presented two unrelated basic replicons homologous to repfic and repw. gene(s) encoding diffuse a ... | 1996 | 9181077 |
| tumor necrosis factor alpha and lymphotoxin alpha are not required for induction of acute experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. | immunization of mice with myelin components results in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (eae), which is mediated by myelin-specific cd4(+) t cells and anti-myelin antibodies. tumor necrosis factor alpha (tnf-alpha) and lymphotoxin alpha (lt-alpha) are thought to be involved in the events leading to inflammatory demyelination in the central nervous system. to ascertain this hypothesis 129 x c57bl/6 mice with an inactivation of the tnf and lta genes (129 x c57bl/6(-/-)) and sjl/j mice der ... | 1997 | 9182689 |
| enteropathogens associated with diarrhea among military personnel during operation bright star 96, in alexandria, egypt. | this study investigated the microbial causes of diarrheal disease among u.s. troops deployed near alexandria, egypt, during october 1995. bacterial causes associated with 19 cases of diarrhea included: enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec), 42% (21% heat-stable, 11% heat-labile, and 11% heat-stable/ heat-labile producers); enteropathogenic e. coli (5.3%); and enteroadherent e. coli (42%). four cases of diarrhea were associated with enteroaggregative e. coli based on probe analysis for enteroag ... | 1997 | 9183160 |
| b7-2 requirement for helminth-induced granuloma formation and cd4 type 2 t helper cell cytokine expression. | b7 ligands on apcs engage cd28/ctla4 counter-receptors on t cells critical for t lymphocyte activation and functional differentiation of t helper subsets. to examine whether the ligands b7-1 (cd80) and b7-2 (cd86) affect gene expression of th2 cytokines and development of th2-mediated pathologic tissue reactions, mice were treated with anti-b7-1 or anti-b7-2 at the time of sensitization to footpad inoculation of schistosoma mansoni eggs or induction of pulmonary granuloma by i.v. injected eggs. ... | 1997 | 9190944 |
| oral administration of lens homogenate suppresses antibody production in mice injected with beta-crystallin emulsified in cfa. | auto-antibodies (abs) against lens antigens (ags) are present in most patients with age-related cataract, and with complement they kill lens epithelial cells (lecs) in vitro. we studied, in an animal model, whether cytotoxic abs against lens ags can be suppressed by oral administration of the ags. mice were fed calf lens homogenate, 4 mg/mouse, every 4 days for 4-5 weeks, or bovine serum albumin (bsa) before and after immunisation with beta-crystallins emulsified in complete freund's adjuvant (c ... | 1997 | 9196389 |
| chagas' disease: an algorithm for donor screening and positive donor counseling. | classical serological screening assays for chagas' disease are time consuming and subjective. the objective of the present work is to evaluate the enzyme immuno-assay (elisa) methodology and to propose an algorithm for blood banks to be applied to chagas' disease. seven thousand, nine hundred and ninety nine blood donor samples were screened by both reverse passive hemagglutination (rpha) and indirect immunofluorescence assay (ifa). samples reactive on rpha and/or ifa were submitted to supplemen ... | 1997 | 9197153 |
| reduction of wuchereria bancrofti adult worm circulating antigen after annual treatments of diethylcarbamazine combined with ivermectin in french polynesia. | circulating filarial antigen (cfa), determined with og4c3 elisa, is a marker of wuchereria bancrofti adult worm infection. the reduction of cfa over 2 years was determined in 185 microfilaremic and 111 amicrofilaremic but cfa+ adults given an annual dose of either diethylcarbamazine (dec) or ivermectin or the two combined. reduction of cfa level was good with dec but weak with ivermectin and followed the same pattern in amicrofilaremic and microfilaremic groups. combinations and dec alone had a ... | 1997 | 9203681 |
| [the study of immunotherapy of ovarian carcinoma with anti-idiotypic antibody]. | to study the role of anti-idiotypic antibody in immunotherapy of ovarian carcinoma, and to investigate the effect of anti-idiotypic antibody (ab2) on ovarian carcinoma in vivo. | 1996 | 9206171 |
| an antagonist of monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (mcp-1) inhibits arthritis in the mrl-lpr mouse model. | an antagonist of human monocyte chemoattractant protein (mcp)-1, which consists of mcp-1(9-76), had previously been characterized and shown to inhibit mcp-1 activity in vitro. to test the hypothesis that, by inhibiting endogenous mcp-1, the antagonist has antiinflammatory activity in vivo, we examined its effect in the mrl-lpr mouse model of arthritis. this strain spontaneously develops a chronic inflammatory arthritis that is similar to human rheumatoid arthritis. daily injection of the antagon ... | 1997 | 9207007 |
| z-100, extracted from mycobacterium tuberculosis strain aoyama b, inhibits the development of collagen-induced arthritis in mice. | we evaluated the effects of z-100, extracted from human type mycobacterium tuberculosis strain aoyama b, on collagen-induced arthritis (cia) in mice. one hundred thirty-five dba/1j mice, 8 weeks of age, were assigned to 9 groups and immunized with bovine type ii collagen (cii) or cfa. from the next day, z-100 at doses of 0.004, 0.04, or 0.4 mg/kg b.w./d for 48 d was intradermally injected into the tail base. methotrexate (mtx) at daily doses of 0.1, 0.3, or 1.0 mg/kg b.w. and cyclophosphamide (c ... | 1997 | 9212993 |
| bcg vaccination prevents insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (iddm) in nod mice after disease acceleration with cyclophosphamide. | we have previously shown that immunotherapy with complete freund's adjuvant (cfa) or bcg is highly effective in the prevention of spontaneous insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (iddm) and in circumventing the rejection of syngeneic islet grafts in diabetic nod mice. this protection is reversed by treatment with cyclophosphamide (cy). the present study was undertaken to determine the effect of bcg vaccination on the progression of cy-accelerated diabetes in nod mice and to understand the mechani ... | 1997 | 9218754 |