| whole genome sequencing of a rare rotavirus from archived stool sample demonstrates independent zoonotic origin of human g8p[14] strains in hungary. | genotype p[14] rotaviruses in humans are thought to be zoonotic strains originating from bovine or ovine host species. over the past 30 years only few genotype p[14] strains were identified in hungary totaling<0.1% of all human rotaviruses whose genotype had been determined. in this study we report the genome sequence and phylogenetic analysis of a human genotype g8p[14] strain, rva/human-wt/hun/182-02/2001/g8p[14]. the whole genome constellation (g8-p[14]-i2-r2-c2-m2-a11-n2-t6-e2-h3) of this st ... | 2017 | 27671785 |
| dissemination of human adenoviruses and rotavirus species a on fomites of hospital pediatric units. | rotavirus a and human adenovirus dissemination were demonstrated both in a pediatric ward and in a neonatal intensive care unit (nicu) of the same pediatric hospital. virus detection from fomites samples were higher in the pediatric ward (42.3% [137 out of 324]) than in the nicu (4.5% [7 out of 156]), revealing that cleaning processes used in our nicu are effective in reducing viral contamination, suggesting human adenovirus as a potential biomarker of contamination of hospital fomites. | 2016 | 27217348 |
| predominance of unusual rotavirus g1p[6] strain in north india: an evidence from hospitalized children and adult diarrheal patients. | group a rotavirus remains the leading cause of gastroenteritis in children and accounts for 0.2 million fatalities each year; out of which, approximately 47,100 deaths occur in india. in adults also, rotavirus is reported to be responsible for diarrhea severe enough to require hospitalizations. india has recently introduced rotavirus vaccine in the universal immunization programme and himachal pradesh became the first indian state to implement this project. this study is an attempt to provide th ... | 2016 | 27806915 |
| epidemiology and genetic diversity of group a rotavirus in acute diarrhea patients in pre-vaccination era in southwest china. | group a rotavirus (rva) is one of the leading cause of acute diarrhea worldwide, the rva-related disease burden and the genotypes of rva is important reference to introduce rva variance to national immunisation programmes, 1,121 diarrhea cases and 319 healthy controls were recruited from four sentinel hospital outpatient from july 2014 to june 2015. the prevalence of rva was 244 (21.8%) in gastroenteritis cases and in 12 (3.8%) in healthy controls across all age group (or = 7.12, 95%ci = 3.93-12 ... | 2017 | 27329689 |
| vp7 and vp8* genetic characterization of group a rotavirus genotype g12p[8]: emergence and spreading in the eastern brazilian coast in 2014. | group a rotavirus (rva) genotype g12 is habitually associated with diarrhea disease (dd) in african children and recently its detection has increased worldwide. a total of 970 stool samples collected from individuals with dd in the northeastern, southeastern, and southern brazilian regions, eastern coast, were analyzed and 321 (33%) were positive for rva and of these, 241 (75%) genotyped as g12p[8]. the rate of rva positivity was higher among children aged 5-10 years old (60%). all rva infection ... | 2017 | 27322509 |
| antiviral activity of ergoferon against group a rotavirus. | antiviral activity of ergoferon was studied in vitro on an experimental model of rotavirus infection in ma-104 cell line. in infected cells treated with ergoferon, rotavirus titer was shown to decrease by 83 and 90% in comparison with cells treated with solvent used for ergoferon preparation (p<0.05) and distilled water (p<0.05), respectively. these findings demonstrate high anti-rotavirus activity of ergoferon. | 2016 | 27783292 |
| whole genomic analysis of bovine group a rotavirus strains a5-10 and a5-13 provides evidence for close evolutionary relationship with human rotaviruses. | bovine group a rotavirus (rva) is an important cause of acute diarrhea in calves worldwide. in order to obtain precise information on the origin and evolutionary dynamics of bovine rva strains, we determined and analyzed the complete nucleotide sequences of the whole genomes of six archival bovine rva strains; four thai strains (rva/cow-tc/tha/a5-10/1988/g8p[1], rva/cow-tc/tha/a5-13/1988/g8p[1], rva/cow-tc/tha/61a/1989/g10p[5], and rva/cow-tc/tha/a44/1989/g10p[11]), one american strain (rva/cow- ... | 2016 | 27771069 |
| genomic constellation and evolution of ghanaian g2p[4] rotavirus strains from a global perspective. | understanding of the genetic diversity and evolution of rotavirus a (rva) strains, a common cause of severe diarrhoea in children, needs to be based on the analysis at the whole genome level in the vaccine era. this study sequenced the whole genomes of six representative g2p[4] strains detected in ghana from 2008 to 2013, and analysed them phylogenetically with a global collection of g2p[4] strains and african non-g2p[4] ds-1-like strains. the genotype constellation of the study strains was g2-p ... | 2016 | 27569866 |
| [surveillance for viral diarrhea in sentinel hospitals in henan province, 2013-2015]. | objective: to investigate the infection status of human rotavirus, calicivirus, astrovirus and enteric adenovirus in children aged <5 years in disease surveillance areas in henan province from 2013 to 2015. methods: a total of 880 stool samples were collected from four sentinel hospitals and group a rotavirus was detected by elisa and group a rotavirus g/p genotyping was performed with nested multiplex rt-pcr, while rotavirus (group b, c), calicivirus and astrovirus were detected by two-step mul ... | 2016 | 27765132 |
| whole genomic analysis of g2p[4] human rotaviruses in mymensingh, north-central bangladesh. | rotavirus a (rva) is a dominant causative agent of acute gastroenteritis in children worldwide. g2p[4] is one of the most common genotypes among human rotavirus (hrv) strains, and has been persistently prevalent in south asia including bangladesh. in the present study, whole genome sequences of a total of 16 g2p[4] hrv strains (8 strains each in 2010 and 2013) detected in mymensingh, north-central bangladesh were determined. these strains had typical ds-1-like genotype constellation. most of gen ... | 2016 | 27722206 |
| the prevalence and genotype distribution of rotavirus a infection among children with acute gastroenteritis in kunming, china. | the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of rotavirus a (rva) infections in children from kunming, china, and the rva genotypes present. a total of 16,311 children with acute gastroenteritis were recruited for the study, and 33.1 % (5,394/16,311) were rva positive. children under 24 months of age were more susceptible to rva infection, with an infection rate of 87.4 % (4,712/5,394). the most prevalent genotype was g9p[8] (85/107, 79.4 %), which showed high sequence similarity to g9p ... | 2017 | 27718075 |
| whole-genome characterisation of g12p[6] rotavirus strains possessing two distinct genotype constellations co-circulating in blantyre, malawi, 2008. | rotavirus a strains detected in diarrhoeal children commonly possess any one of the genotypes g1, g2, g3, g4, and g9, with a recent increase in g12 detection globally. g12p[6] strains possessing short rna (ds-1-like) and long rna (wa-like) migration patterns accounted for 27 % of the strains circulating in blantyre, malawi, between 2007 and 2008. to understand how the g12p[6] strains with two distinct genetic backgrounds emerged in malawi, we conducted whole-genome analysis of two long-rna and t ... | 2017 | 27718073 |
| the molecular epidemiology of bovine rotaviruses circulating in iran: a two-year study. | bovine group a rotavirus (bovine rva) is recognized as a major cause of severe gastroenteritis in newborn calves. the purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence and identify the genotypes of circulating bovine rva in newborn diarrheic calves. two hundred fifty-three stool samples of diarrheic calves up to 1 month old were collected from 42 industrial dairy farms in two iranian provinces during march 2010 to february 2012. all collected samples were screened for the presence of bovine r ... | 2016 | 27654669 |
| molecular epidemiology of rotavirus gastroenteritis in central kenya before vaccine introduction, 2009-2014. | between july 2009 and june 2014, a total of 1,546 fecal specimens were collected from children <5 years of age with acute gastroenteritis admitted to kiambu county hospital, central kenya. the specimens were screened for group a rotavirus (rva) using elisa, and rva-positive specimens were subjected to semi-nested rt-pcr to determine the g and p genotypes. rva was detected in 429/1,546 (27.5%) fecal specimens. rva infections occurred in all age groups <59 months, with an early peak at 6-17 months ... | 2017 | 27648929 |
| continuous detection and genetic diversity of human rotavirus a in sewage in eastern china, 2013-2014. | rotavirus is the leading viral agent for pediatric gastroenteritis. however, the case-based surveillance for rotavirus is limited in china, and its circulation in the environment is not well investigated. | 2016 | 27623961 |
| anti-vp6 vhh: an experimental treatment for rotavirus a-associated disease. | species a rotaviruses (rva) remain a leading cause of mortality in children under 5 years of age. current treatment options are limited. we assessed the efficacy of two vp6-specific llama-derived heavy chain antibody fragments (vhh) -2kd1 and 3b2- as an oral prophylactic and therapeutic treatment against rva-induced diarrhea in a neonatal mouse model inoculated with virulent murine rva (ecw, g16p[16]i7). joint therapeutic administration of 2kd1+3b2 (200 μg/dose) successfully reduced diarrhea dur ... | 2016 | 27603013 |
| multi-reassortant g3p[3] group a rotavirus in a horseshoe bat in zambia. | group a rotavirus is a major cause of diarrhoea in humans, especially in young children. bats also harbour group a rotaviruses, but the genetic backgrounds of bat rotavirus strains are usually distinct from those of human rotavirus strains. we identified a new strain of group a rotavirus in the intestinal contents of a horseshoe bat in zambia. whole genome sequencing revealed that the identified virus, named rva/bat-wt/zmb/lus12-14/2012/g3p[3], possessed the genotype constellation g3-p[3]-i3-r2- ... | 2016 | 27574104 |
| predominant prevalence of human rotaviruses with the g1p[8] and g8p[8] genotypes with a short rna profile in 2013 and 2014 in sukhothai and phetchaboon provinces, thailand. | of 2,754 stool specimens collected from children with acute gastroenteritis during 2013-2014 in sukhothai and phetchaboon provinces, thailand, 666 (24.2%) were positive for rotavirus a (rva) in polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (page). the g and p types of all rva-positive specimens were determined by semi-nested rt-pcr. g1p[8] (56.5%) was most prevalent, followed by g2p[4] (22.1%). unusual g8p[8] human rvas (hurvas) were detected at a high frequency (20.0%). interestingly, 171 of the 376 g1p[8 ... | 2017 | 27557434 |
| epidemiology of group a rotavirus infection after the introduction of monovalent vaccine in the national immunization program of saudi arabia. | this study aimed to investigate the prevalence of group a rotavirus (rva) gastroenteritis and the distribution of the rva genotypes as well as to determine a possible change in the age of occurrence of the rva infection in the first 2 years after rotarix® vaccine introduction in saudi arabia. this descriptive study included 850 hospitalized children <5 years of age with acute gastroenteritis (ag) between october 2013 and september 2015. overall, 78 (9.2%) children were positive for rva during th ... | 2017 | 27531633 |
| group a rotavirus in brazilian bats: description of novel t15 and h15 genotypes. | this study aimed to survey for group a rotaviruses (rva) in bats from brazil and to perform phylogenetic inferences for vp4, vp7, nsp3, nsp4 and nsp5 genes. rva was found in 9.18 % (28/305) of tested samples. the partial genotype constellation of a molossus molossus rva strain was g3-p[3]-ix-rx-cx-mx-ax-nx-t3-e3-h6, and that of a glossophaga soricina rva strain was g20-p[x]-ix-rx-cx-mx-ax-nx-t15-ex-h15. these findings demonstrate an important role of bats in rva epidemiology and provide evidence ... | 2016 | 27518402 |
| rotavirus epidemiology and surveillance before vaccine introduction in argentina, 2012-2014. | group a rotavirus has been widely described as one of the most important infantile diarrheal pathogens worldwide. in argentina, it is responsible for over 200,000 acute diarrhea cases and from 30 to 50 deaths annually in children under 5 years. the aim of this study is to analyze frequency, seasonality, age group distribution, and circulating genotypes based on data notified in the 2012-2014 period and in turn to assess the pre-vaccine scenario, considering that rotavirus vaccine was introduced ... | 2017 | 27487415 |
| high incidence of group a rotaviruses g4p[6] strains among children in gyeonggi province of south korea, from 2009 to 2012. | the genotype distribution of group a rotaviruses (rvas) circulating in gyeonggi province, south korea between 2009 and 2012 was investigated. a total of 2619 stool specimens from sporadic acute gastroenteritis cases and 117 acute gastroenteritis outbreaks were analyzed. among them, rvas were detected from 263 (10.0%) sporadic cases and 3 (2.6%) outbreaks. the g4p[6] strains predominated (29.7%), followed by g1p[8] (19.4%), g2p[4] (15.6%), g3p[8] (13.3%) and g9p[8] (6.5%) strain. especially 96.2% ... | 2016 | 27480917 |
| human p[6] rotaviruses from sub-saharan africa and southeast asia are closely related to those of human p[4] and p[8] rotaviruses circulating worldwide. | p[6] rotaviruses have been circulating with a high prevalence in african and, to a more limited extent, asian countries, but they have not been highly prevalent in other parts of the world. | 2016 | 27471320 |
| therapeutics insight with inclusive immunopharmacology explication of human rotavirus a for the treatment of diarrhea. | rotavirus is the most common cause of severe infant and childhood diarrhea worldwide, and the morbidity and mortality rate is going to be outnumbered in developing countries like bangladesh. to mitigate this substantial burden of disease, new therapeutics such as vaccine and drug are swiftly required against rotavirus. the present therapeutics insight study was performed with comprehensive immunoinformatics and pharmacoinformatics approach. t and b-cell epitopes were assessed in the conserved re ... | 2016 | 27445802 |
| sensitive and specific nested pcr assay for detection of rotavirus a in samples with a low viral load. | techniques such as the real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qrt-pcr) can detect rna in samples with a low viral load. however, these amplicons typically are either too short or at insufficient concentrations for use in subsequent sequencing reactions for genotyping and detection confirmation. the assay developed in this study detects rotavirus g genotypes and p genotypes with viral loads as low as 6.2 and 8.2 copies per reaction, respectively. the assay was validated using ... | 2016 | 27421626 |
| great genetic diversity of rotaviruses detected in piglets with diarrhea in thailand. | a total of 491 fecal specimens collected from diarrheic piglets in thailand from january 2011 to march 2014 were screened for group a rotavirus by rt-pcr assay. the g and p genotypes of the detected rotaviruses were determined by multiplex pcr or nucleotide sequencing. group a rotaviruses were detected in 113 out of 491 (23.0 %) fecal specimens. a wide variety of g-p genotype combinations were identified, and g4p[13] was the most prevalent genotype combination (29.2 %), followed by g4p[23] (14.1 ... | 2016 | 27412716 |
| [genomic characterization of an unusual human g3p[3] rotavirus with multiple cross-species reassortment]. | one unusual human g3p[3] group a rotavirus (rva) strain m2-102 was identified in stool sample collected from a child with diarrhea in guangxi province, china in 2014. it is well known that g3p[3] is a genotype commonly identified in feline and canine rvas. however, the preliminary phylogenetic analyses of the vp7 and vp4 genes of strain m2-102 indicated that these two genes were closely related to bat rva strain myas33 and simian strain rrv, respectively, whereas both clustered distantly to feli ... | 2016 | 27396154 |
| whole genomic characterization of korean porcine g8p[7] reassortant rotaviruses. | this study analyzed eleven genomic segments of three korean porcine g8p[7] group a rotavirus (rva) strains. phylogenetically, these strains contained two bovine-like and nine porcine-like genomic segments. eight genes (vp1, vp2, vp6 and nsp1-nsp5) of strains 156-1 and 42-1 and seven genes (vp1, vp2, vp6 and nsp2-nsp5) of strain c-1 clustered closely with porcine and porcine-like animal strains and distantly from typical human wa-like strains. the vp3-m2 genotype of these strains clustered closel ... | 2016 | 27393603 |
| peptide-recombinant vp6 protein based enzyme immunoassay for the detection of group a rotaviruses in multiple host species. | we developed a novel enzyme immunoassay for the detection of group a rotavirus (rva) antigen in fecal samples of multiple host species. the assay is based on the detection of conserved vp6 protein using anti-recombinant vp6 antibodies as capture antibodies and anti-multiple antigenic peptide (identified and constructed from highly immunodominant epitopes within vp6 protein) antibodies as detector antibodies. the clinical utility of the assay was evaluated using a panel of 914 diarrhoeic fecal sa ... | 2016 | 27391106 |
| distribution of rotavirus vp7 and vp4 genotypes circulating in tunisia from 2009 to 2014: emergence of the genotype g12. | group a rotavirus (rva) represents the most important aetiological agent of diarrhoea in children worldwide. from january 2009 to december 2014, a multi-centre study realized through 11 tunisian cities was undertaken among children aged <5 years consulting or hospitalized for acute gastroenteritis. a total of 1127 faecal samples were collected. all samples were screened by elisa for the presence of rva antigen. rva-positive samples were further analyzed by page and used for g/p-genotyping by sem ... | 2016 | 27375269 |
| the first detection and whole genome characterization of the g6p[15] group a rotavirus strain from roe deer. | although rotaviruses have been detected in a variety of host species, there are only limited records of their occurrence in deer, where their role is unknown. in this study, group a rotavirus was identified in roe deer during a study of enteric viruses in game animals. 102 samples of intestinal content were collected from roe deer (56), wild boars (29), chamois (10), red deer (6) and mouflon (1), but only one sample from roe deer was positive. following whole genome sequence analysis, the rotavi ... | 2016 | 27374907 |
| study on rotavirus infection and its genotyping in children below 5 years in south west iran. | human rotaviruses are the most important agents for severe dehydrating diarrhea in children below 5 years old. rotaviruses (rv) is a serious public health problem in developing and developed countries. | 2016 | 27307959 |
| whole genomic analysis of human and bovine g8p[1] rotavirus strains isolated in nigeria provides evidence for direct bovine-to-human interspecies transmission. | bovine group a rotavirus (rva) g8p[1] strains have been rarely detected in humans. two nigerian g8p[1] strains, hmg035 (rva/human-tc/nga/hmg035/1999/g8p[1]) and ngrbg8 (rva/cow-tc/nga/ngrbg8/1998/g8p[1]), were previously suggested to have the vp7, vp4, and nsp1 genes of bovine origin. in order to obtain precise information on the origin and evolution of these g8p[1] strains, the complete nucleotide sequences of the whole genomes of strains hmg035 and ngrbg8 were determined and analyzed in the pr ... | 2016 | 27302094 |
| clinical severity and molecular characteristics of circulating and emerging rotaviruses in young children attending hospital emergency departments in france. | group a rotavirus (rva) is the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis in young children worldwide. a prospective surveillance network has been set up to investigate the virological and clinical features of rva infections and to detect the emergence of potentially epidemic strains in france. from 2009 to 2014, rva-positive stool samples were collected from 4800 children <5 years old attending the paediatric emergency units of 16 large hospitals. rotaviruses were then genotyped by rt-pcr with rega ... | 2016 | 27287887 |
| diversity of group a rotavirus genes detected in the triângulo mineiro region, minas gerais, brazil. | group a rotaviruses are the main causative agent of infantile gastroenteritis. the segmented nature of the viral genome allows reassortment of genome segments, which can generate genetic variants. in this study, we characterized the diversity of the vp7, vp4 (vp8*), vp6, nsp4, and nsp5 genes of the rotaviruses that circulated from 2005 to 2011 in the triângulo mineiro (tm) region of brazil. samples with genotypes g2 (sublineages iva-1 and iva-3), g1 (sublineage i-a), g9 (lineage iii), g12 (linea ... | 2017 | 27266629 |
| molecular characterization of the first g24p[14] rotavirus strain detected in humans. | here we report the genome of a novel rotavirus a (rva) strain detected in a stool sample collected during routine surveillance by the centers for disease control and prevention's new vaccine surveillance network. the strain, rva/human-wt/usa/2012741499/2012/g24p[14], has a genomic constellation of g24-p[14]-i2-r2-c2-m2-a3-n2-t9-e2-h3. the vp2, vp3, vp7 and nsp3 genes cluster phylogenetically with bovine strains. the other genes occupy mixed clades containing animal and human strains. strain rva/ ... | 2016 | 27237948 |
| distinguishing the genotype 1 genes and proteins of human wa-like rotaviruses vs. porcine rotaviruses. | group a rotaviruses (rvas) are 11-segmented, double-stranded rna viruses and important causes of gastroenteritis in the young of many animal species. previous studies have suggested that human wa-like rvas share a close evolutionary relationship with porcine rvas. specifically, the vp1-vp3 and nsp2-5/6 genes of these viruses are usually classified as genotype 1 with >81% nucleotide sequence identity. yet, it remains unknown whether the genotype 1 genes and proteins of human wa-like strains are d ... | 2016 | 27180895 |
| comparison of electron microscopy, elisa, real time rt-pcr and insulated isothermal rt-pcr for the detection of rotavirus group a (rva) in feces of different animal species. | there is no gold standard for detection of rotavirus group a (rva), one of the main causes of diarrhea in neonatal animals. sensitive and specific real-time rt-pcr (rtrt-pcr) assays are available for rva but require submission of the clinical samples to diagnostic laboratories. patient-side immunoassays for rva protein detection have shown variable results, particularly with samples from unintended species. a sensitive and specific test for detection of rva on the farm would facilitate rapid man ... | 2016 | 27180038 |
| three-level mixed-effects logistic regression analysis reveals complex epidemiology of swine rotaviruses in diagnostic samples from north america. | rotaviruses (rv) are important causes of diarrhea in animals, especially in domestic animals. of the 9 rv species, rotavirus a, b, and c (rva, rvb, and rvc, respectively) had been established as important causes of diarrhea in pigs. the minnesota veterinary diagnostic laboratory receives swine stool samples from north america to determine the etiologic agents of disease. between november 2009 and october 2011, 7,508 samples from pigs with diarrhea were submitted to determine if enteric pathogens ... | 2016 | 27145176 |
| rapid detection of infectious rotavirus group a using a molecular beacon assay. | rapid, sensitive and specific methods are necessary to detect and quantify infectious viruses. cultivating and detecting enteric viruses in cell culture are difficult, thus impairing the advancement of knowledge regarding virus-induced diarrhea. rotavirus (rv) detection has been conducted by serological or molecular biology methods, which do not provide information regarding viral infectivity. molecular beacons (mbs) have demonstrated efficacy for viral detection in cell culture. we propose a mb ... | 2016 | 27131514 |
| genetic variability of vp7, vp4, vp6 and nsp4 genes of common human g1p[8] rotavirus strains circulating in italy between 2010 and 2014. | group a rotaviruses (rva) are the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis (age) in young children worldwide. the rva outer capsid layer is composed of the vp7 and vp4 proteins. the vp7 (g-type) and vp4 (p-type) genotypes are the basis for the binary rva nomenclature. at least 27 g-types and 37 p-types of rva are currently known, but most of human infections are related to the five major genotypes g1p[8], g2p[4], g3p[8], g4p[8], and g9p[8]. every year g1p[8] strains cause approximately 50% of all ... | 2016 | 27130628 |
| isolation of an unusual g26p[13] group a rotavirus strain from piglets with diarrhea in brazil. | this report describes the identification of an unusual g26p[13] genotype combination in a porcine group a rotavirus (rva) strain. in a retrospective study, the vp7 (g type) and vp4 (p type) genes of porcine rva brazilian field strains identified in two diarrheic suckling piglets were amplified by rt-pcr and subjected to sequencing. the sequence analysis revealed the g26p[13] rva genotype in one strain (bra381) and g26p[x] in the other (bra382). this study presents evidence of porcine rva g26 gen ... | 2016 | 27083572 |
| molecular characterization of human rotavirus from children with diarrhoeal disease in sokoto state, nigeria. | this study was conducted to detect and characterize prevalent human group a rotavirus strains from 200 diarrheic children in sokoto, nigeria, by elisa, monoclonal antibody (mab) serotyping and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) techniques. rotavirus was detected in 25.5% of the children. the g-serotypes observed in circulation were g4: 16 (59.3%), g1: 4 (14.8%), g2: 3 (11.1%), g3: 3 (11.1%), and g12: 1 (3.7%). the monoclonal antibody (mab) serotyping detected g1 and g3 but ... | 2016 | 27051531 |
| complete genome sequence of a genotype g23p[37] pheasant rotavirus strain identified in hungary. | we investigated the genomic properties of a rotavirus a strain isolated from diarrheic pheasant poults in hungary in 2015. sequence analyses revealed a shared genomic constellation (g23-p[37]-i4-r4-c4-m4-a16-n10-t4-e4-h4) and close relationship (range of nucleotide sequence similarity: vp2, 88%; vp1 and nsp4, 98%) with another pheasant rotavirus strain isolated previously in germany. | 2016 | 27034484 |
| epidemiology of rotavirus a diarrhea in chókwè, southern mozambique, from february to september, 2011. | acute diarrhea disease caused by rotaviruses a (rva) is still the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in children ≤5 years old in developing countries. an exploratory cross-sectional study was conducted between february and september, 2011 to determine the proportion of acute diarrhea caused by rva. a total of 254 stool specimens were collected from children ≤5 years old with acute diarrhea, including outpatients (222 children) and inpatients (32 children), in three local health centers in ... | 2016 | 27003797 |
| epidemiology of rotavirus in andaman and nicobar islands, india--predominance of g1 and emergence of g12 strains. | | 2016 | 26920787 |
| detection of group a rotavirus strains circulating among children with acute diarrhea in indonesia. | rotavirus is the major cause of severe diarrhea in children under 5 years old in developed and developing countries. since improvements in sanitation and hygiene have limited impact on reducing the incidence of rotavirus diarrhea, implementation of a vaccine will be a better solution. we conducted an observational study to determine the disease burden and to identify the genotype of circulating rotavirus in indonesia. hospitalized children due to acute diarrhea were enrolled from four teaching h ... | 2016 | 26848437 |
| one-step multiplex real-time rt-pcr assay for detecting and genotyping wild-type group a rotavirus strains and vaccine strains (rotarix® and rotateq®) in stool samples. | background. group a rotavirus (rva) infection is the major cause of acute gastroenteritis (age) in young children worldwide. introduction of two live-attenuated rotavirus vaccines, rotateq® and rotarix®, has dramatically reduced rva associated age and mortality in developed as well as in many developing countries. high-throughput methods are needed to genotype rotavirus wild-type strains and to identify vaccine strains in stool samples. quantitative rt-pcr assays (qrt-pcr) offer several advantag ... | 2016 | 26839745 |
| a novel multiplex one-step real-time rt-pcr assay for the simultaneous identification of enterovirus and parechovirus in clinical fecal samples. | enterovirus (ev) and parechovirus (pev) can either infect humans asymptomatically or can cause gastroenteritis, respiratory symptoms and, sometimes, severe disease. as the number of newly identified ev and pev genotypes keeps increasing, diagnostic methods need to be updated. to this end, we described a novel multiplex one-step real-time rt-pcr to detect ev and human pev (hpev) simultaneously in fecal samples collected from children with rotavirus group a (rv-a)-related gastroenteritis. | 2015 | 26789989 |
| genome sequences of rotavirus a strains ty-1 and ty-3, isolated from turkeys in ireland in 1979. | to obtain complete genome sequences of turkey rotavirus a strains ty-1 and ty-3, we sequenced the gene segments that had not been decoded previously. the genotype constellations of the respective strains were determined to be g17-p[38]-i4-r4-c4-m4-a16-n4-t4-e4-h4 and g7-p[35]-i4-r4-c4-m4-a16-n4-t4-e11-h14. notably, their vp4 and nsp5 genes were classified into novel genotypes. | 2016 | 26769943 |
| genetic linkage of capsid protein-encoding rna segments in group a equine rotaviruses. | rotavirus virions are formed by three concentric protein layers that enclose the 11 dsrna genome segments and the viral proteins vp1 and vp3. interactions amongst the capsid proteins (vp2, vp6, vp7 and vp4) have been described to play a major role in viral fitness, whilst restricting the reassortment of the genomic segments during co-infection with different rotavirus strains. in this work we describe and characterize the linkage between vp6 and vp7 proteins based on structural and genomic analy ... | 2016 | 26758293 |
| clinical symptoms of human rotavirus infection observed in children in sokoto, nigeria. | rotavirus has been identified among the most important causes of infantile diarrhoea, especially in developing countries. the present study was undertaken to determine the occurrence and clinical symptoms of human rotavirus disease among children presenting with varying degree of diarrhoea in selected urban hospitals in sokoto metropolis, nigeria. diarrhoea samples were collected from 200 diarrheic children younger than 5 years of age and tested using a commercially available dako rotavirus elis ... | 2015 | 26692016 |
| egg yolk igy antibodies: a therapeutic intervention against group a rotavirus in calves. | bovine group a rotavirus (rva) is considered the major cause of diarrhea in intensively reared neonatal calves. chicken egg yolk antibodies (igy) are efficient in protecting neonatal calves from rva diarrhea; however, the value of this intervention in calves once diarrhea has appeared is unclear. the aim of the present study was to evaluate the application of rva-specific igy as a passive treatment in those cases. the experimental groups were: g1=rva-specific igy treatment; g2=no ab treatment; a ... | 2015 | 26679788 |
| controlling rotavirus-associated diarrhea: could single-domain antibody fragments make the difference? | group a rotavirus (rva) remains a leading cause of severe diarrhea and child mortality. the variable domain of camelid heavy chain antibodies (vhh) display potent antigen-binding capacity, have low production costs and are suitable for oral therapies. two sets of anti-rva vhhs have been developed: arp1-arp3; 2kd1-3b2. here, we explore the potential of both sets as a prevention strategy complementary to vaccination and a treatment option against rva-associated diarrhea in endangered populations. ... | 2016 | 26654700 |
| [characterization of group a rotavirus genotypes isolated from gastroenteritis among children during the 2008/2009 through 2013/2014 seasons in nara prefecture, japan]. | | 2015 | 26630796 |
| performance of a one-step quantitative duplex rt-pcr for detection of rotavirus a and noroviruses gii during two periods of high viral circulation. | rotavirus a (rva) and noroviruses (nov) are the major viral agents of acute gastroenteritis (age) worldwide. in the present study, we aimed to evaluate the performance of a one-step duplex quantitative rt-pcr (drt-qpcr) assay, established for detection and quantification of rva and nov genogroup ii (gii) using a single dna standard curve (sc), as well as to investigate the association between fecal viral load and optical density (od) values, and viruses' genotyping. the results obtained by drt-q ... | 2016 | 26611226 |
| the prevalence and genotype diversity of human rotavirus a circulating in thailand, 2011-2014. | human rotavirus a (rva) is the major infectious virus causing acute watery diarrhea in children, especially those younger than 5 years of age, and is a major public health problem in thailand. outbreaks of this virus have been reported worldwide. besides the common genotypes, unusual genotypes providing evidence of inter-species transmission have also been described. therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and genotypes of rva in thailand. a total of 688 samples were c ... | 2016 | 26593177 |
| abrupt emergence and predominance in vietnam of rotavirus a strains possessing a bovine-like g8 on a ds-1-like background. | an apparently single rotavirus a strain possessing a genotype constellation of g8-p[8]-i2-r2-c2-m2-a2-n2-t2-e2-h2 abruptly emerged, caused diarrhoea in children requiring hospitalisation, and increased to reach 27 % of strains detected during the first half of 2015 in vietnam. | 2016 | 26586330 |
| modeling of the rotavirus group c capsid predicts a surface topology distinct from other rotavirus species. | rotavirus c (rvc) causes sporadic gastroenteritis in adults and is an established enteric pathogen of swine. because rvc strains grow poorly in cell culture, which hinders generation of virion-derived rvc triple-layered-particle (tlp) structures, we used the known rotavirus a (rva) capsid structure to model the human rvc (bristol) capsid. comparative analysis of rva and rvc capsid proteins showed major differences at the vp7 layer, an important target region for vaccine development due to its an ... | 2016 | 26524514 |
| molecular characterization of group a rotavirus before and after the introduction of vaccines in brazil. | in this study, the molecular characteristics of group a rotavirus (rva) were compared in samples obtained before and after rva vaccine-introduction in brazil. | 2015 | 26516971 |
| comparison of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunochromatography for rotavirus detection in children below five years with acute gastroenteritis. | group-a rotaviruses are responsible for 30 to 60% of severe watery diarrhea cases in young children. timely diagnosis of rotavirus infection helps to determine appropriate treatment and prevents unnecessary use of antibiotics. | 2015 | 26500903 |
| rotavirus vp7 epitope chimeric proteins elicit cross-immunoreactivity in guinea pigs. | vp7 of group a rotavirus (rva) contains major neutralizing epitopes. using the antigenic protein vp6 as the vector, chimeric proteins carrying foreign epitopes have been shown to possess good immunoreactivity and immunogenicity. in the present study, using modified vp6 as the vector, three chimeric proteins carrying epitopes derived from vp7 of rva were constructed. the results showed that the chimeric proteins reacted with anti-vp6 and with sa11 and wa virus strains. antibodies from guinea pigs ... | 2015 | 26459269 |
| detection of rotavirus in children with acute gastroenteritis in zagazig university hospitals in egypt. | rotavirus is the major cause of acute gastroenteritis (age) in infants and young children all over the world. the objective of the study was to compare different methods for detecting rotavirus and to assess the burden of rotavirus as a causative agent for age in children younger than five. | 2015 | 26435821 |
| diversity of group a rotavirus on a uk pig farm. | group a rotaviruses (garv) are a significant cause of enteritis in young pigs. the aim of this study was to extend our understanding of the molecular epidemiology of porcine garv in the uk by investigating the genetic diversity of garv on a conventional farrow-to-finish farm. faecal samples were obtained from six batches of pigs in 2009 and 8 batches in 2010, when the pigs were 2, 3 (time point omitted in 2009), 4, 5, 6 and 8 weeks of age. presence of rotavirus was detected by reverse transcript ... | 2015 | 26432051 |
| zoonotic transmission of rotavirus: surveillance and control. | group a rotavirus (rotavirus a, rva) is the main cause of acute dehydrating diarrhea in humans and numerous animal species. rva shows vast diversity and a variety of human strains share genetic and antigenic features with animal origin rva strains. this finding suggests that interspecies transmission is an important mechanism of rotavirus evolution and contributes to the diversity of human rva strains. rva is responsible for half a million deaths and several million hospitalizations worldwide. g ... | 2015 | 26428261 |
| qualitative effects of monovalent vaccination against rotavirus: a comparison of north america and south america. | rotavirus is the most common cause of severe gastroenteritis in young children worldwide. the introduction of vaccination programs has led to a significant reduction in number of hospitalizations due to rotavirus in north and south american countries. little work has been done, however, to examine the differential impact of vaccination as a function of strain distribution and strain-specific vaccine efficacy. we developed a two-strain epidemiological model of rotavirus transmission, and used it ... | 2015 | 26416267 |
| rotavirus nsp6 localizes to mitochondria via a predicted n-terminal a-helix. | specific roles have been ascribed to each of the 12 known rotavirus proteins apart from the non-structural protein 6 (nsp6). however, nsp6 may be present at sites of viral replication within the cytoplasm. here we report that nsp6 from diverse species of rotavirus a localizes to mitochondria via conserved sequences in a predicted n-terminal a-helix. this suggests that nsp6 may affect mitochondrial functions during rotavirus infection. | 2015 | 26404393 |
| whole genome analysis of vietnamese g2p[4] rotavirus strains possessing the nsp2 gene sharing an ancestral sequence with chinese sheep and goat rotavirus strains. | because imminent introduction into vietnam of a vaccine against rotavirus a is anticipated, baseline information on the whole genome of representative strains is needed to understand changes in circulating strains that may occur after vaccine introduction. in this study, the whole genomes of two g2p[4] strains detected in nha trang, vietnam in 2008 were sequenced, this being the last period during which virtually no rotavirus vaccine was used in this country. the two strains were found to be >99 ... | 2015 | 26382233 |
| molecular epidemiology and surveillance of circulating rotavirus and adenovirus in congolese children with gastroenteritis. | infectious diarrhea caused by rotavirus and adenovirus, is a leading cause of death in children in sub-sahara africa but there is limited published data on the diverse rotavirus genotypes and adenovirus serotypes circulating in the republic of congo. in this study, we investigated the prevalence of severe diarrhea caused by rotavirus a (rva) and adenovirus serotype 40 and 41 in congolese children hospitalized with severe gastroenteritis. stool samples were collected from 655 congolese children l ... | 2016 | 26378607 |
| diagnostic accuracy of seven commercial assays for rapid detection of group a rotavirus antigens. | seven commercial immunochromatographic assays intended for the detection of group a rotavirus antigens in human stool samples were evaluated. these assays showed similar levels of diagnostic accuracy and were suitable for the detection of rotavirus in patients with acute gastroenteritis but missed some asymptomatic rotavirus shedding identified by real-time reverse transcription-pcr. | 2015 | 26378280 |
| sequence diversity of vp4 and vp7 genes of human rotavirus strains in saudi arabia. | group a rotavirus is responsible for inducing severe diarrhea in young children worldwide. rotavirus vaccines are used to control the disease in many countries. in the current study, the sequences of human rotavirus g and p types in saudi arabia are reported and compared to different relevant published sequences. in addition, the vp4 and vp7 genes of the g1p[8] strains are compared to different antigenic epitopes of the rotavirus vaccines. stool samples were collected from children under 2 years ... | 2015 | 26356200 |
| identification of g and p genotype-specific motifs in the predicted vp7 and vp4 amino acid sequences. | equine rotavirus (erv) strain l338 (g13p[18]) has a unique g and p genotype. however, the evolutionary relationship of l338 with other ervs is still unknown. here whole genome analysis of the l338 erv strain was independently performed. its genotype constellations were determined as g13-p[18]-i6-r9-c9-m6-a6-n9-t12-e14-h11, confirming previous genotype assignments. the l338 strain only shared the p[18] and i6 genotypes with other ervs. the nucleotide sequences of the other 9 rna segments were dif ... | 2015 | 26321159 |
| whole genomic constellation of the first human g8 rotavirus strain detected in japan. | human g8 rotavirus a (rva) strains are commonly detected in africa but are rarely detected in japan and elsewhere in the world. in this study, the whole genome sequence of the first human g8 rva strain designated au109 isolated in a child with acute gastroenteritis in 1994 was determined in order to understand how the strain was generated including the host species origin of its genes. the genotype constellation of au109 was g8-p[4]-i2-r2-c2-m2-a2-n2-t2-e2-h2. phylogenetic analyses of the 11 gen ... | 2015 | 26275468 |
| detection of common, emerging and uncommon vp4, and vp7 human group a rotavirus genotypes from urban sewage samples in uruguay. | environmental approach has proven to be a useful tool for epidemiological studies demonstrating through environmental studies the diversity of viruses circulating in a given population. the aim of this study was to perform a phylogenetic characterization of the group a rotavirus (rva) glycoprotein (g)- and protease-sensitive (p)-genotypes obtained from sewage samples (n = 116) collected in six cities of uruguay during march 2011 to april 2013. a worldwide standardized semi-nested multiplex rt-pc ... | 2015 | 26267835 |
| molecular characterization of rotavirus isolated from alpaca (vicugna pacos) crias with diarrhea in the andean region of cusco, peru. | alpacas (vicugna pacos), a species of south american camelids (sac), suffer high morbidity and mortality from infectious diseases. diarrhea is one of the leading causes of alpaca cria mortality in peru and elsewhere. in order to develop appropriate control and/or treatment, it is necessary to identify infectious pathogens that cause diarrhea in crias. rotavirus was isolated in cell culture from feces collected from crias with acute diarrhea that tested positive to rotaviral antigen by rapid immu ... | 2015 | 26243695 |
| a candidate packaging signal of human rotavirus differentiating wa-like and ds-1-like genomic constellations. | rotavirus a (rva) possesses a genome of 11 segmented rnas. in human rva, two major genomic constellations are represented by prototype strains wa and ds-1. here packaging signals differentiating wa-like and ds-1-like genomic constellations were searched for by analyzing genomic sequences of wa-like and ds-1-like strains. one pair of 11 nucleotide sites in the coding regions of viral structural protein (vp) 2 and vp6 was found to be complementary specifically among wa-like strains. these sites te ... | 2015 | 26224654 |
| detection and molecular characterization of caliciviruses (vesivirus and norovirus) in an outbreak of acute diarrhea in kittens from brazil. | feline caliciviruses (fcvs) have occasionally been described in cats in association with enteric disease, but an etiological role for these viruses in acute gastroenteritis is still unclear. in this study, molecular characterization of fcv and feline norovirus (fnov) was undertaken using real-time pcr (rt-pcr) and sequence analysis of the orf1 region in fecal specimens from 29 diarrheic cats. the specimens were also screened for parvovirus, coronavirus, astrovirus and group a rotavirus. a quanti ... | 2015 | 26189893 |
| full-genome sequence of the first g8p[14] rotavirus strain detected in the united states. | this is a report of the complete genomic sequence of a rare rotavirus group a g8-p[14]-i2-r3-c2-m2-a3-n2-t6-e2-h3 strain detected in a stool sample from a 57-year-old subject. | 2015 | 26089432 |
| etiological epidemiology of viral diarrhea on the basis of sentinel surveillance in children younger than 5 years in gansu, northwest china, 2009-2013. | to explore the etiological spectrum of diarrhea and its epidemiological characteristics in diarrhea symptoms surveillance cases younger than 5 years from 2009 to 2013 in gansu province, northwest china. systematic diarrhea symptoms surveillance were conducted in 27 sentinel sites in gansu province and outpatients with three or more loose, watery, or sticky pus stools per day were defined as surveillance cases. all stool specimens were tested for rotavirus, human calicivirus, adenovirus, and astr ... | 2015 | 26081875 |
| changes in the distribution of lineage constellations of g2p[4] rotavirus a strains detected in japan over 32 years (1980-2011). | rotavirus a (rva) is a leading cause of acute gastroenteritis in young children worldwide. most human rva strains are classified into three major genotype constellations: wa-like, ds-1-like and au-1-like. the evolution of g2p[4] strains possessing the ds-1-like genetic background was described in a few recent studies. however, the strains analyzed in these studies were almost exclusively the ones detected after 2000. in recognition of the scarcity of g2p[4] strains detected before 2000 for which ... | 2015 | 26026594 |
| rotavirus. | group a rotavirus (rva) is the major cause of acute gastroenteritis (age) in young children worldwide. introduction of two live, attenuated rotavirus vaccines, rotarix® and rotateq®, has dramatically reduced rva-associated age and mortality. high-throughput, sensitive and specific techniques are required to rapidly diagnose and characterize rotavirus strains in stool samples for proper patient treatment and to monitor circulating vaccine and wild-type rotavirus strains. new molecular assays are ... | 2015 | 26004648 |
| persistence of the rotavirus a genome in mesenteric lymph nodes of cattle raised on farms. | previous studies revealed that rotavirus a (rva) is present in not only the small intestine but also various organs. it was reported that rva persisted in mesenteric lymph nodes (mlns) in experimental models. however, there have been no reports focused on rva in mlns of animals under natural conditions. in this study, in order to investigate the persistence of the rva genome in mlns in cattle under natural conditions, reverse transcription-semi-nested pcr was carried out to detect rva genomes in ... | 2015 | 25991644 |
| group a rotavirus and norovirus genotypes circulating in the northeastern brazil in the post-monovalent vaccination era. | group a rotaviruses (rva) and noroviruses (nov) are the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis (age) worldwide. childhood diarrhea deaths and hospital admissions have declined since the introduction of the monovalent (g1p[8]) vaccine (rotarix(®) [rv1]) in the national immunization program in brazil in 2006. this study aims to investigate the epidemiological profile of nov and rva infections from children with age in the northeastern region of brazil in the post vaccine season. two-hundred fecal ... | 2015 | 25982627 |
| high prevalence and diversity of bovine astroviruses in the faeces of healthy and diarrhoeic calves in south west scotland. | astroviruses (astv) are single-stranded, positive-sense rna viruses and one of the major causes of infant diarrhoea worldwide. diarrhoea is a common and important cause of morbidity and mortality in calves; therefore, we investigated whether the presence of astv is associated with calf diarrhoea. we identified diverse astv lineages from faecal samples of both healthy and diarrhoeic calves and healthy adult cattle in south west scotland. astv was common in calves (present in 74% (85/115) of sampl ... | 2015 | 25979841 |
| rotavirus genotypes and the indigenous children of brazilian midwest in the vaccine era, 2008-2012: footprints of animal genome. | world group a rotavirus (rva) surveillance data provides useful estimates of the disease burden, however, indigenous population might require special consideration. the aim of this study was to describe the results of g- and p-types from brazilian native children ≤ 3 years. furthermore, selected strains have been analyzed for the vp7, vp6, vp4, and nsp4 encoding genes in order to gain insight into genetic variability of brazilian strains. a total of 149 samples, collected during 2008-2012, were ... | 2015 | 25963945 |
| rotavirus group a genotypes detected through diarrheal disease surveillance in haiti, 2012. | samples collected in 2012 through diarrheal disease surveillance in haiti were tested for rotavirus by enzyme immunoassay and real time rt-pcr and positive samples were genotyped. the predominant genotypes were g1p[8] (29% prevalence) and g9p[8] (21%). the observed genotype prevalence was similar to that reported previously for other caribbean countries. | 2015 | 25962775 |
| comparative characteristics of the vp7 and vp4 antigenic epitopes of the rotaviruses circulating in russia (nizhny novgorod) and the rotarix and rotateq vaccines. | two live, attenuated rotavirus a (rva) vaccines, rotarix and rotateq, have been successfully introduced into national immunization programs worldwide. the parent strains of both vaccines were obtained more than 30 years ago. nonetheless, only very limited data are available on the molecular similarity of the vaccine strains and their genetic relationships to the wild-type strains circulating within the territory of russian federation. in this study, we have determined the nucleotide sequences of ... | 2015 | 25944143 |
| evolution of a g6p[6] rotavirus strain isolated from a child with acute gastroenteritis in ghana, 2012. | unusual human g6p[6] rotavirus a (rva) strains have been reported sporadically in europe and africa, but how they evolved was not fully understood. the whole genome of a ghanaian g6p[6] strain designated pml1965 (2012) was analysed to understand how it evolved in africa and to learn how its g6 vp7 gene was related to that of rotaviruses of human and artiodactyl origin. the genotype constellation of rva/human-wt/gha/pml1965/2012/g6p[6] was g6-p-[6]-i2-r2-c2-m2-a2-n2-t2-e2-h2. it shared sublineage ... | 2015 | 25934790 |
| rotavirus vaccine effectiveness in latin american and caribbean countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis. | there are two group a rotavirus (rva) vaccines available worldwide since 2006: monovalent (rotarix(®), rv1) and pentavalent (rotateq(®), rv5). currently, 16 countries and 1 territory in latin america and the caribbean (lac) have introduced rva vaccines and since their introduction several impact and effectiveness studies have been conducted in different countries. the purpose of this study was to assess rva vaccine effectiveness in lac countries. | 2015 | 25919169 |
| genomic characterization of uncommon human g3p[6] rotavirus strains causing diarrhea in children in italy in 2009. | group a rotaviruses (rva) are the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis in young children, causing up to 450,000 deaths worldwide, mostly in developing countries. most of rva human infections in developed countries are related to five major g/p combinations: g1p[8], g2p[4], g3p[8], g4p[8] and g9p[8]. during the surveillance activity of rotanet-italy, three uncommon g3p[6] rva strains, designated as rva/human-wt/ita/na01/2009/g3p[6], rva/human-wt/ita/na06/2009/g3p[6], and rva/human-wt/ita/na19/2 ... | 2015 | 25913157 |
| detection and characterization of a human g9p[4] rotavirus strain in japan. | in a surveillance system in osaka city, japan, 48 sporadic rotavirus a (rva) infections were detected during 2008/2009-2011/2012 seasons. the g/p-genotypes of detected rvas were g1p[8], g2p[4], g3p[8], g9p[4], and g9p[8]. although g9p[4] is a rare genotype that had not been reported in japan, it was the second most prevalent genotype, following g1p[8], and accounted for 35.3% of rva cases in the 2011/2012 season. further genotyping revealed that the g9p[4] strain had genotype 2 internal protein ... | 2015 | 25907907 |
| genomic characterization of g3p[6], g4p[6] and g4p[8] human rotaviruses from wuhan, china: evidence for interspecies transmission and reassortment events. | we report here the whole genomic analyses of two g4p[6] (rva/human-wt/chn/e931/2008/g4p[6], rva/human-wt/chn/r1954/2013/g4p[6]), one g3p[6] (rva/human-wt/chn/r946/2006/g3p[6]) and one g4p[8] (rva/human-wt/chn/e2484/2011/g4p[8]) group a rotavirus (rva) strains detected in sporadic cases of diarrhea in humans in the city of wuhan, china. all the four strains displayed a wa-like genotype constellation. strains e931 and r1954 shared a g4-p[6]-i1-r1-c1-m1-a8-n1-t1-e1-h1 constellation, whilst the 11 g ... | 2015 | 25891280 |
| evolution of human g4p[8] group a rotavirus strains circulating in italy in 2013. | group a rotaviruses (rva) are the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis in young (<5 years of age) children, causing up to 450.000 deaths worldwide, mostly in developing countries. vp7 (g-type) and vp4 (p-type) genotypes are the basis for the binary rva classification. although at least 27 g-types and 37 p-types of rotavirus are presently known, most rva infections in humans worldwide are associated with the five major g/p combinations g1p[8], g2p[4], g3p[8], g4p[8] and g9p[8]. during rva gastr ... | 2015 | 25889745 |
| unusual rotavirus genotypes among children with acute diarrhea in saudi arabia. | human rotavirus a (human rv-a) is the most common cause of viral gastroenteritis in infants. the objective of the study was to characterize the g and p genotypes among clinical rotavirus isolates from children with acute diarrhea admitted to a tertiary care hospital in riyadh, saudi arabia. | 2015 | 25884670 |
| a prospective hospital-based surveillance to estimate rotavirus disease burden in bhutanese children under 5 years of age. | as part of efforts to develop an informed policy for rotavirus vaccination, this prospective study was conducted to estimate the burden of rotavirus diarrhea among children less than 5 years old attended to the department of pediatrics, jigme dorji wangchuk national referral hospital (jdwnrh), thimphu, bhutan. the duration of the study was three years, extending from february 2010 through december 2012. we estimated the frequency of hospitalization in the pediatric ward and dehydration treatment ... | 2015 | 25859154 |
| intrasegmental recombination does not contribute to the long-term evolution of group a rotavirus. | rotavirus is a genetically diverse pathogen with an eleven-segmented, double-stranded rna genome. intrasegmental recombination has been proposed as a potential mechanism to generate antigenic diversity and a possible route of escape from vaccine-imposed selective pressure. here intrasegmental recombination was studied by performing a genome-wide scan across the eleven genome segments of 797 publically available rotavirus strains. sixty-two sequences, or 0.7% of sequences analyzed, have evidence ... | 2015 | 25847696 |
| use of s1 nuclease in deep sequencing for detection of double-stranded rna viruses. | metagenomic approach using next-generation dna sequencing has facilitated the detection of many pathogenic viruses from fecal samples. however, in many cases, majority of the detected sequences originate from the host genome and bacterial flora in the gut. here, to improve efficiency of the detection of double-stranded (ds) rna viruses from samples, we evaluated the applicability of s1 nuclease on deep sequencing. treating total rna with s1 nuclease resulted in 1.5-28.4- and 10.1-208.9-fold incr ... | 2015 | 25843154 |
| large scale survey of enteric viruses in river and waste water underlines the health status of the local population. | although enteric viruses constitute a major cause of acute waterborne diseases worldwide, environmental data about occurrence and viral load of enteric viruses in water are not often available. in this study, enteric viruses (i.e., adenovirus, aichivirus, astrovirus, cosavirus, enterovirus, hepatitis a and e viruses, norovirus of genogroups i and ii, rotavirus a and salivirus) were monitored in the seine river and the origin of contamination was untangled. a total of 275 water samples were colle ... | 2015 | 25795193 |
| genomic characterization and molecular investigation of vp7 epitopes of uncommon g10p[8] group a rotavirus strains detected in italy in 2009. | rotavirus strains with the uncommon genotype g10 have been detected sporadically in cases of acute gastroenteritis in humans and are thought to be transmitted zoonotically. during 2009, 10 g10p[8] rotavirus strains were detected in the stools of children hospitalized with acute diarrhoea in several paediatric hospitals in italy. the phylogenetic analysis of the vp7 gene of the italian g10p[8] strains analysed revealed nucleotide identities ranging from 94 to 99 %. molecular characterization of t ... | 2015 | 25783473 |
| molecular characterization of group a rotavirus strains detected in children with diarrhea admitted to nigerian hospitals in 2013. | group a rotaviruses (rva) are the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis (age) in children worldwide and cause up to 455,000 deaths annually, mostly in developing countries. during 2013, 66 rvas from children with age admitted to four nigerian hospitals were investigated. the g3p[6], g1p[8] and g2p[4] genotypes predominated. the vp7 and/or vp4 genes of 18 g3p[6]/[8]/[4], six g2p[4], three g12p[8]/[4], and two g1p[8] rva strains were sequenced. the g3p[6] strains belonged to lineage g3-iii and we ... | 2015 | 25772575 |