| [note on the phlebotomus species of the states of parana and santa catarina, with a redescription of "lutzomyia gaminarai" (cordero, vogelsang & cossio, 1928) (diptera, psychodidae)]. | | 1961 | 14470549 |
| [studies on the phlebotomus species of the state of minas gerais. iv. description of 2 new species of the subgenus lutzomyia franca, 1924 (diptera, psychodidae)]. | | 1962 | 14470550 |
| [studies on phlebotomus species of the state of minas gerais. ii. description of the male and redescription of the female of "lutzomyia cavernicola" (costa lima, 1943) (diptera, psychodidae)]. | | 1961 | 14470551 |
| [feeding capacity of phlebotomus in nature]. | | 1961 | 14471775 |
| phlebotomus martini--a probable vector of kala-azar in kenya. | | 1962 | 14474363 |
| [the ecology, in natural and laboratory conditions, of some species of phlebotomus of the region of guatopo, state of miranda, venezuela, with special reference to phlebotomus panamensis shannon, 1926: transmittor of tegumental leishmaniasis in venezuela]. | | 1960 | 14486553 |
| [report on the ecology, under natural and laboratory conditions, of some species of phlebotomus of the guatopo area, miranda state, with special reference to phlebotomus panamensis, shannon, 1926: transmittor of tegumental leishmaniasis in venezuela]. | | 1961 | 14486554 |
| [the presence of phlebotomus (larroussius) ariasi tonnoir 1921 in the departments of aveyron, bouches-du-rhone, gard, herault, pyrenees-orientales and vaucluse]. | | 1961 | 14492413 |
| wolbachia infection and the expression of cytoplasmic incompatibility in sandflies (diptera: psychodidae) from egypt. | a pcr-based method was used to screen four laboratory colonies of sandflies for wolbachia infection. the colonies - one of phlebotomus langeroni, one of p. bergeroti and two of p. papatasi - were all derived from sandflies collected in egypt. only one of the colonies, derived from p. papatasi collected in sinai, was found infected. the sequence of the pcr product for this colony was identical to that previously reported for the wolbachia in p. papatasi from israel. the induction with tetracyclin ... | 2003 | 14511562 |
| outbreak of cutaneous leishmaniasis in northern israel. | this study describes a new focus of cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl) due to leishmania tropica, in the galilee region of northern israel. thirty-three cases from 4 villages (northern part) and from the city of tiberias (southern part) have been clinically diagnosed since 1996. parasites from 13 patients and from 6 sand flies were characterized by isoenzyme electrophoresis, 2 immunological methods, and 3 polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-based methods. isolates from the northern part were antigenically ... | 2003 | 14513429 |
| host preferences of phlebotomine sand flies at a hypoendemic focus of canine leishmaniasis in central italy. | a survey was carried out on phlebotomine sand flies and their feeding habits at a hypoendemic focus of leishmania infantum in macerata province, central italy. during two consecutive years (2000-2001), 1465 sand fly specimens (42.5% of which were males) were collected from a variety of diurnal resting sites in the municipality of camerino. the most prevalent species was phlebotomus perniciosus (76.6%), followed by p. papatasi (10.4%), sergentomyia minuta (9.1%), phlebotomus perfiliewi (3.3%) and ... | 2003 | 14516922 |
| visceral leishmaniasis in eastern sudan: parasite identification in humans and dogs; host-parasite relationships. | in 1996, an epidemic outbreak of visceral leishmaniasis (vl) started in barbar el fugara, a village in gedarif state (eastern sudan). from 1997 to 2000, regular epidemiological studies were carried out in the human population, as well as in mammals and sand flies. in symptomatic patients, 46/69 lymph node, 6/20 post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (pkdl) and 1/4 cutaneous cultures in nnn medium were positive. in 69 dogs, 23/79 lymph node cultures were positive. in other mammals (47 rodents, five ... | 2003 | 14554251 |
| a mediterranean arbovirus: the toscana virus. | toscana virus (bunyaviridae family, phlebovirus genus) is a sandfly fever virus responsible for human neurological infections. sandfly viruses are transmitted by insect vectors (phlebotomus species) and the infection is present in climatic areas that allow the life cycle of the vector. the arthropode-borne toscana virus is the etiologic agent of meningitis, meningoencephalitis, and encephalitis. the frequency of this neuropathic infection increases in the summer months, peaking in august in the ... | 2003 | 14602570 |
| host-specific wolbachia strains in widespread populations of phlebotomus perniciosus and p. papatasi (diptera: psychodidae), and prospects for driving genes into these vectors of leishmania. | a single strain of wolbachia (alpha-proteobacteria, rickettsiales) was found in widespread geographical populations of each of two phlebotomus species, within which there was no indication of 'infectious speciation'. the two strains were identified by sequencing a fragment of wsp (a major surface protein gene), amplified by polymerase chain reaction from dna extracted from the body parts of individual sandflies. infection rates were high in the males and females of both sandflies, but they were ... | 2003 | 14641977 |
| mitochondrial and wolbachia markers for the sandfly phlebotomus papatasi: little population differentiation between peridomestic sites and gerbil burrows in isfahan province, iran. | in iran, phlebotomus papatasi (scopoli) (diptera: psychodidae) is the main vector of leishmania major yakimoff & schokhor (kinetoplastida: trypanosomatidae), the causative agent of rural zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis. this sandfly is abundant both in villages and in the burrows of the main reservoir host, the gerbil rhombomys opimus (licht.) (rodentia: gerbillidae). populations of p. papatasi were sampled from the edges of villages in isfahan province, using cdc miniature light traps in perid ... | 2003 | 14651648 |
| seasonal abundance patterns of the sandfly phlebotomus papatasi in climatically distinct foci of cutaneous leishmaniasis in israeli deserts. | among foci of cutaneous leishmaniasis in israel, population densities of the vector sandfly phlebotomus papatasi scopoli (diptera: psychodidae) were assessed during april-october 1999 in the mesic negev desert and the hyper-xeric arava valley, using sticky traps placed overnight near host burrows of the fat sand rat, psammomys obesus cretzschmar (cricetidae: gerbillinae). population dynamics of ph. papatasi differed between the negev (study sites on sand near mount keren and on loess at nizzana ... | 2003 | 14651661 |
| detection of israel turkey meningo-encephalitis virus from mosquito (diptera: culicidae) and culicoides (diptera: ceratopogonidae) species and its survival in culex pipiens and phlebotomus papatasi (diptera: phlebotomidae). | israel turkey meningo-encephalitis (itme) virus was detected in pools of ochlerotatus caspius pallas and culicoides imicola kieffer trapped at a turkey run at nir david during an outbreak in august 1995. experimental membrane feeding on a blood itme suspension showed that culex pipiens l. became harbored virus for at least 14 d. when phlebotomus papatasi scopoli were fed on an infected turkey, they became infected and harbored the virus for at least 7 d. because phlebotomines are trapped frequen ... | 2003 | 14680120 |
| the isolation of leishmania tropica and l. aethiopica from phlebotomus (paraphlebotomus) species (diptera: psychodidae) in the awash valley, northeastern ethiopia. | in a survey of leishmania infections in phlebotomine sandflies in a highly suspected focus of leishmaniasis in the awash valley (northeastern ethiopia) between january 1994 and august 1997, a total of 3307 females of 11 phlebotomus species (p. orientalis, p. fantalensis, p. saevus, p. sergenti, p. gemetchi, p. alexandri, p. bergeroti, p. duboscqi, p. arabicus, p. martini, and p. rodhaini) were dissected. promastigotes were detected in 17 females of three species (11 p. saevus, 4 p. sergenti and ... | 2004 | 14702839 |
| efficacy of microencapsulated insecticides against the sandfly, phlebotomus papatasi scopoli. | the baseline and residual activity of micro-encapsulated insecticides was assessed on a sandfly colony originating in the jordan valley, israel. lethal doses were calculated for formulations of the pyrethroids permethrin and cypermethrin and the organophosphates diazinon and chlorpyrifos. cypermethrin was found to be more toxic than permethrin and chlorpyrifos was more toxic than diazinon. accordingly, the residual activity of chlorpyrifos and cypermethrin was tested after 1 and 4 wk exposure of ... | 2003 | 14714672 |
| mapping the potential distribution of phlebotomus martini and p. orientalis (diptera: psychodidae), vectors of kala-azar in east africa by use of geographic information systems. | the distribution of two principal vectors of kala-azar in east africa, phlebotomus martini and phlebotomus orientalis were analysed using geographic information system (gis) based on (1) earth observing satellite sensor data: normalized difference vegetation index (ndvi) and midday land surface temperature (lst) derived from advanced very high resolution radiometer (avhrr) of the global land 1km project of united states geological survey (usgs), (2) agroclimatic data from the fao crop production ... | 2004 | 14739026 |
| field evaluation of an area repellent system (thermacell) against phlebotomus papatasi (diptera: psychodidae) and ochlerotatus caspius (diptera: culicidae) in sanliurfa province, turkey. | a field evaluation of a new area repellent system, thermacell mosquito repellent (tmr, cis-trans allethrin), was conducted against phlebotomine sand flies and mosquitoes in cunpolat village, sanliurfa province, in southeastern anatolia, turkey, an area historically endemic for cutaneous leishmaniasis and high sand fly populations. the objective of this study was to determine the efficacy, duration of protection, and spatial characteristics of protection (downwind distance from point of release), ... | 2003 | 14765672 |
| [methods of breeding phlebotomus]. | | 1950 | 14819623 |
| [american phlebotomus; key for the identification of 97 known females]. | | 1951 | 14819793 |
| [contribution to the knowledge of argentine phlebotomus (diptera, psycho didae)]. | | 1950 | 14828155 |
| [note on phlebotomus. lxi. classification]. | | 1951 | 14830341 |
| [fever and phlebotomus. clinical studies on the possible occurrence of phlebotomus fever in north africa]. | | 1951 | 14830981 |
| [ecologic mosaic of the infection chain of certain diseases in south russia (tularemia, plague, malaria, phlebotomus fever)]. | | 1951 | 14837168 |
| [pre-imago stages of phlebotomus perfiliewi parrot, p. papatasi scop., p. perniciosus newstead (diptera, psychodidae)]. | | 1950 | 14844791 |
| [notes on phlebotomus. lxii. phlebotomus dubius, phlebotomus antennatus var. cinctus and their geographical distribution]. | | 1951 | 14857831 |
| phlebotomus argentipes found in shimoga district, mysore state. | | 1951 | 14880211 |
| [sandflies of sandy regions of corsica; biometrical and critical study of the phlebotomus perniciosus legeri (j. mansion 1913) (nematocera psychodidae)]. | | 1951 | 14905206 |
| [phlebotomus species in the cameroons]. | | 1951 | 14905252 |
| [gas metabolism in phlebotomus papatasii scop]. | | 1951 | 14906204 |
| [a case of accidental parasitism of phlebotomus by a primary larva of strepsiptera]. | | 1951 | 14915269 |
| [note on the phlebotomus. lxiii. the phlebotomus of the city and suburbs of algiers]. | | 1951 | 14934334 |
| [growth of phlebotomus panamensis shannon, 1926 and ph. gomezi nitzulescu 1931 (diptera, psychodidae) under laboratory conditions]. | | 1951 | 14942168 |
| [plebotomus. lxiv. phlebotomus of ouaddai]. | | 1952 | 14944300 |
| [note on phlebotomus in the region of iguala, state of guerrero]. | | 1952 | 14949658 |
| phlebotomus and leishmaniasis. | | 1952 | 14958157 |
| leishmania tropica (kinetoplastida: trypanosomatidae)--a perplexing parasite. | leishmania tropica is one of the causative agents of cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl), a disfiguring parasitic disease that recently was found to be viscerotropic. in urban areas it is transmitted from infected individuals by the bite of phlebotomine sand flies to naïve persons (anthroponotic cl). in rural areas animals are thought to be the reservoir, but the full life cycle is still under investigation (zoonotic cl). for many years l. tropica was either confused or merely grouped with l. major whi ... | 2003 | 14971592 |
| [meningitis caused by toscana virus during a summer stay in italy]. | a 44-year-old woman suffered fever, headache and meningism during a summer stay in a region of central italy where sand-fly fever is endemic. a few days after returning to the netherlands, she appeared mentally and physically slow but had no fever. because of the possibility of viral meningitis an examination of the cerebrospinal fluid (csf) was carried out. this revealed a cell count of 1074/3 cells. toscana virus antibodies of the igg and igm subclass were detected in two respective serum samp ... | 2004 | 15004957 |
| sandflies of the phlebotomus perniciosus complex: mitochondrial introgression and a new sibling species of p. longicuspis in the moroccan rif. | the bloodsucking adult females of phlebotomus perniciosus newstead and p. longicuspis nitzulescu (diptera: psychodidae) are important vectors of the protozoan leishmania infantum nicolle (kinetoplastida: trypanosomatidae) in western mediterranean countries. the species status of the two phlebotomine sandflies was assessed, along with the epidemiological implications. individual sandflies from three moroccan rif populations were characterized morphologically, isoenzymatically (by the isoelectrofo ... | 2004 | 15009443 |
| natural breeding places of phlebotomine sandflies. | methods of finding larvae and pupae of phlebotomine sandflies (diptera: psychodidae) are described and the known types of breeding sites used by sandflies are listed. three ways of detecting sandfly breeding places are the use of emergence traps placed over potential sources to catch newly emerged adult sandflies; flotation of larvae and pupae from soil, etc., and desiccation of media to drive out the larvae. even so, remarkably little information is available on the ecology of the developmental ... | 2004 | 15009450 |
| is gulf war syndrome an autoimmune disorder of endogenous neuropeptides, exogenous sandfly maxadilan and molecular mimicry? | gulf war syndrome (gws) remains a contentious diagnosis with conflicting laboratory investigation and lack of a biologically plausible aetiology. this paper discusses the potential role of maxadilan, a potent sandfly vasoactive peptide, in causing autoimmune responses in susceptible individuals through possible molecular mimicry with pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (pacap) and the pac1r receptor. gulf war syndrome may share some causative pathology with chronic fatigue syndrom ... | 2004 | 15082085 |
| multifarious characterization of leishmania tropica from a judean desert focus, exposing intraspecific diversity and incriminating phlebotomus sergenti as its vector. | the predominant sand fly species collected inside houses in kfar adumim, an israeli village in the judean desert that is a focus of cutaneous leishmaniasis, was phlebotomus papatasi, which was also caught attempting to bite humans. phlebotomus sergenti, which is rarely seen inside houses, constituted the predominant sand fly species in caves near the village. leishmania isolates from ph. sergenti and humans typed as leishmania tropica. sand fly and human isolates produced similar small nodular c ... | 2004 | 15100448 |
| leishmania major-phlebotomus duboscqi interactions: inhibition of anti-lpg antibodies and characterisation of two proteins with shared epitopes. | to assess the effect of monoclonal antibodies (mabs) raised against l. major derived lpg on l. major development in vitro and in its natural vector p. duboscqi. also determine whether lpg molecule and the sand fly the gut lysates have shared epitopes. | 2004 | 15125094 |
| a simple micro-assay method for estimating blood meal size of the sand fly, phlebotomus langeroni (diptera: psychodidae). | the accurate measurement of blood meal size in phlebotomus langeroni, the potential vector of infantile visceral leishmaniasis in egypt, is important to determine the number of parasites taken in fully engorged insects. a simple protein content micro-assay is introduced for that purpose. the accuracy of this method was confirmed by hemoglobin estimation method. laboratory bred p. langeroni were fed artificially on defibrinated human blood and the fully engorged flies were carefully dissected on ... | 2004 | 15125525 |
| prevention of sand fly attack by topical application of a permethrin/pyriproxyfen combination on dogs. | dogs are the primary domestic reservoir of leishmania infantum, the parasite responsible for most cases of human visceral leishmaniasis. a strategy for the control of leishmaniasis would be to inhibit the sand fly bite. a study was designed to measure the prevention of the sand fly attack by spraying a combination of permethrin and pyriproxyfen on dogs artificially exposed to the vector of leishmaniasis. eight dogs were individually challenged with 100 female sand flies for 1 hour on days -7, 0, ... | 2003 | 15136993 |
| leishmania tropica: intraspecific polymorphisms in lipophosphoglycan correlate with transmission by different phlebotomus species. | lipophosphoglycan (lpg) is a dominant surface molecule of leishmania promastigotes which has been shown to be critical for parasite-sand fly vector interactions. to provide additional evidence for its importance in transmission, the lpgs from three leishmania tropica strains that differ in their capability to infect sand flies, were biochemically characterized. one of these strains, iser/il/98/lrc-l747, was isolated from a phlebotomus sergenti female collected in the judean desert close to jerus ... | 2004 | 15208044 |
| regional genetic differentiation of phlebotomus sergenti in three moroccan foci of cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by leishmania tropica. | phlebotomus sergenti was identified morphologically in samples from three moroccan foci of leishmaniasis caused by leishmania tropica in the provinces of azilal, essaouira and taza. three primary mitochondrial dna lineages were identified, and they could be markers for regionally distributed cryptic species. greater mitochondrial diversity in azilal indicated that this central province could have been the origin of dispersal of p. sergenti or the zone of secondary contact. all except one of the ... | 2004 | 15224581 |
| [phlebotomus from madagascar (diptera: psychodidae). ii--description of the female phlebotomus (anaphlebotomus) fertei depaquit, léger & robert, 2002; description of the male and new data for the female phlebotomus (anaphlebotomus) berentiensis (léger & rodhain, 1978) comb. nov]. | the female of phlebotomus (anaphlebotomus) fertei depaquit, léger & robert, 2002 is described from madagascar. the spermathecae have separated ducts, a body with an enlarged-sclerified dilatation and a deriviated large bladder with thin walls and long head. p. fertei female has the following characters: long antennal segments, pharyngeal armature with small teeth and cibarium with 15 to 30 denticles, and very long legs. its remarkable spermatheca is closely related to that of p. berentiensis. th ... | 2004 | 15224582 |
| recrudescence of visceral leishmaniasis in albania: retrospective analysis of cases during 1997 to 2001 and results of an entomological survey carried out during 2001 in some districts. | the epidemiological status of zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis (vl) in albania is almost unknown to international health organizations and to the scientific community. results from a retrospective analysis of recent vl cases, and from an entomological survey carried out in summer 2001 are reported here. from january 1997 to december 2001, 867 parasitologically confirmed vl cases were recorded in 35 of 36 albanian districts with an average of 173 cases/year and a cumulative morbidity of 2.8/10000 ... | 2003 | 15228243 |
| sandflies (diptera: psychodidae) in the bar area of montenegro (yugoslavia). 2. presence of promastigotes in phlebotomus neglectus and first record of p. kandelakii. | | 2004 | 15228724 |
| susceptibility status of phlebotomus argentipes to insecticides in districts vaishaii and patna (bihar). | | 2003 | 15239308 |
| evaluation of 1-octen-3-ol and carbon dioxide as attractants for phlebotomus papatasi (diptera: psychodidae) in southern egypt. | the effectiveness of 1-octen-3-ol (octenol) as an attractant for collecting medically important psychodids has never been reported. this study evaluated the effects of carbon dioxide (co2) and octenol released at 2 rates, individually and in combination, as attractants for adult sand flies in a small village in southern egypt. four sand fly species were collected: phlebotomus papatasi, p. sergenti, sergentomyia palestinensis, and s. schwetzi. only p. papatasi was collected in numbers sufficient ... | 2004 | 15264620 |
| nectar and honeydew feeding of phlebotomus papatasi in a focus of leishmania major in neot hakikar oasis. | feeding of phlebotomus papatasi scopoli on nectar and honeydew was investigated in neot hakikar, an oasis in the southern jordan valley. sand flies were caught with miniature light traps in cleared areas with large tamarix nilotica bunge bushes, in colonies of the sandrat psammomys obesus cretzschmar. fly series were trapped and compared according to the condition of t. nilotica bushes: with flowers, soiled with honeydew excreted by cicadas, or without flowers. near flowering bushes the catch wa ... | 2004 | 15266752 |
| a stable focus of canine leishmaniosis in the bologna province, italy. | during an epidemiological survey carried out for two consecutive years (2001-2002), autochthonous cases of canine leishmaniosis (canl) were reported in communes of the bologna province (emilia-romagna region, northern italy), involved in the past (1971-1972) in a severe outbreak of human visceral leishmaniosis (vl). serological controls, carried out by immunofluorescence antibody test on a sample of owned dogs, detected a mean prevalence of 2.5% in the first year in 4 communes, and of 11.2% in t ... | 2003 | 15267002 |
| sandfly (diptera, psychodidae, phlebotominae) fauna of south-western pakistan. 1. diagnostic morphology of phlebotomus papatasi (scopoli), ph. bergeroti (parrot) and ph. salehi (mesghali). | a survey was conducted to study the morphology of the sandfly fauna in south-western pakistan (balochistan). during the revision of different genera of sandflies the specimens of phlebotomus papatasi (scopoli) (n = 720), ph. bergeroti parrot (n = 30) and ph. salehi mesghali (n = 70) were encountered in various localities. these localities appear to be new records of the subgenus in the literature to date. ph. bergeroti is reported for the first time from pakistan and ph. salehi from balochistan ... | 2003 | 15267005 |
| [prevention and control of leishmaniasis vectors: current approaches]. | phlebotomine sandflies (diptera: psychodidae) are the suspected or proven vectors of leishmania spp. in at least 88 countries, including over 40 phlebotomus species in the old world and a further 30 belonging to the genus lutzomyia in the new world. in recent years, both cutaneous (cl) and zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis (zvl) have become increasingly prevalent in urban areas, including large latin american cities. a similar trend has been recorded in all mediterranean areas during the last deca ... | 2004 | 15305719 |
| [interpretation of laboratory data during cryptic leishmaniasis in dog]. | leishmaniasis is a zoonosis caused by an intracellular parasite belonging to the genus leishmania. in europe, africa, south america and china, visceral leishmaniasis is caused by l. infantum. the vectors of leishmaniasis are phlebotomine sandflies belonging to the genera phlebotomus. according to the world health organization there are 2 million new cases each year and 1/10 of the world's population is at risk of infection. leishmaniasis is considered a zoonosis and human are generally accidenta ... | 2004 | 15305723 |
| sand fly (lutzomyia vexator) (diptera: psychodidae) populations in upstate new york: abundance, microhabitat, and phenology. | visceral leishmaniasis is an endemic protozoal disease of humans and dogs in tropical and subtropical regions in asia, africa, southern europe, central america, and south america, where sand flies (genera phlebotomus and lutzomyia) act as vectors. an outbreak in a new york foxhound kennel and subsequent surveillance revealed widespread leishmania infantum infection of dogs in the united states, outside the known range of the vector sand flies. for this study, we conducted surveillance for sand f ... | 2004 | 15311474 |
| [mediterranean visceral leishmaniasis in immunocompetent children. report of two cases relapsed after specific therapy]. | visceral leishmaniasis (vl) is endemic in areas bordering the mediterranean sea (spain, italy, france, greece, morocco, tunisia) where it is caused by leishmania infantum and is transmitted by the bite of a hematophagous sandfly belonging to phlebotomus spp.; the dog constitutes the main reservoir of infection. two cases of vl in immunocompetent children are described. both patients lived in endemic areas for leishmaniasis (sicily) and at admission were febrile, pale and had splenomegaly. in bot ... | 2004 | 15316302 |
| a new epidemic focus of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis in central iran. | reports from the health center of yazd province of increasing cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl) cases led us to carry out an epidemiological study using standard techniques in ardakan county, central iran, during 2001. | 2004 | 15323269 |
| isoenzymatic analysis of 712 strains of leishmania infantum in the south of france and relationship of enzymatic polymorphism to clinical and epidemiological features. | in the south of france, leishmaniasis due to leishmania infantum occurs in the following five foci of endemicity (from west to east): pyrénées-orientales, cévennes, provence, côte d'azur, and corsica. between 1981 and 2002, 712 leishmania strains obtained from humans, dogs, cats, and sand flies were studied by isoenzyme analysis. in total, seven zymodemes were identified: mon-1, mon-11, mon-24, mon-29, mon-33, mon-34, and mon-108. the pyrénées-orientales focus is characterized by a predominance ... | 2004 | 15364993 |
| the susceptibility of phlebotomus species to ddt. | | 1949 | 15395871 |
| taxonomy of the ethiopian sandflies, phlebotomus; p. bedfordi newstead and p. antennatus newstead. | | 1949 | 15405638 |
| observations on the density of phlebotomus populations following ddt campaigns. | | 1950 | 15434664 |
| [phlebotomus as a carrier of kala-azar]. | | 1949 | 15436006 |
| distribution of sandfly species in relation to canine leishmaniasis from the ebro valley to valencia, northeastern spain. | in spain, only two of the 12 recorded species of sandflies, phlebotomus (larroussius) ariasi tonnoir and p. (l.) perniciosus newstead, are proven vectors of leishmania infantum nicolle, the causative agent of endemic leishmaniasis. studies of the distributions of phlebotomine sandflies are important for evaluating the possible effects of climate warming on any northward or altitudinal range shifts of leishmaniasis or the other diseases they transmit. we describe a recent sandfly survey in spain, ... | 2004 | 15490237 |
| [phlebotomus from madagascar (diptera: psychodidae). iii--description of phlebotomus (anaphlebotomus) fontenillei n. sp]. | the male of phlebotomus (anaphlebotomus) fontenillei n. sp. is described from namoroka area (madagascar). its belongs to the subgenus anaphlebotomus: style with four spines, coxite without basal process and paramere with two branches. it shares with p. berentiensis an original and exclusive antennal formula: 2/iii-xii which distinguishes them from p. fertei. p. fontenillei n. sp. differs mainly from p. berentiensis by about 40 setae in tuft on the ventral face of the coxite, the length of the ge ... | 2004 | 15490749 |
| about the presence of phlebotomus sergenti parrot, 1917 (diptera: psychodidae) in eastern sicily, italy. | the note reports the data of a three-year sand fly investigation (1997-99) carried out in eastern sicily (italy) with the aim to study the distribution of phlebotomus sergenti. the survey involved a densely inhabited area at the foot of mount etna and the area of iblei mounts. a total of 9,095 sand flies, of which 63.4% males, were captured. five species belonging to the genus phlebotomus (p. perniciosus, p. perfiliewi, p. neglectus, p. sergenti and p. papatasi) and one to the genus sergentomyia ... | 2004 | 15490752 |
| blocked stomodeal valve of the insect vector: similar mechanism of transmission in two trypanosomatid models. | the regurgitation of metacyclic stages from the sand fly cardia is thought to be the prevailing mechanism of leishmania transmission. this regurgitation may result through damage of the stomodeal valve and its mechanical block by the parasites. we found this phenomenon in three sand fly-leishmania models and also in avian trypanosomes transmitted by culex mosquitoes. phlebotomus duboscqi, phlebotomus papatasi, lutzomyia longipalpis, and culex pipiens were membrane-fed on blood containing leishma ... | 2004 | 15491584 |
| identification of leishmania strains from jordan. | the enzymatic profiles of 22 jordanian leishmania isolates obtained from humans, psammomys obesus and phlebotomus papatasi were determined using starch-gel electrophoresis and a 15-enzyme system. thirteen of the isolates were typed as l. major and the other nine, all from mediterranean or sub-mediterranean regions, as l. tropica. the two zymodemes of l. major encountered, mon-26 and mon-103, differed in terms of purine nucleoside phosphorylase 2. the mon-26 isolates came from the jordanian plate ... | 2004 | 15509422 |
| the sandflies (diptera: psychodidae) in the turkish province of hatay: some possible vectors of the parasites causing human cutaneous leishmaniasis. | the province of hatay, which lies on the mediterranean coast in south-eastern turkey, forms an important endemic area for human cutaneous leishmaniasis (hcl). between the june and november of 2001, the sandflies in eight areas of the province, erzin, dortyol, iskenderun, kirikhan, antakya, samandag, altinozu and yayladagi, were surveyed, using sticky-paper traps placed in goat, sheep, cow or chicken sheds close to houses. although 217 of the 998 sandflies caught belonged to the genus sergentomyi ... | 2004 | 15509428 |
| photosynthesis modulates the plant feeding of phlebotomus papatasi (diptera: psychodidae). | phlebotomus papatasi (scopoli), the vector of leishmania major (yakimoff & schokhor), feeds on plants in desert habitats in the jordan valley. at the end of the dry summer, the life span of sand flies is short and the amount of sugars in their guts is small. in this season the plants are under the stress of heat and dehydration. this stress arrests the photosynthesis and decreases the amounts of the main end products, sucrose and starch. we presumed that the paucity of sugars in the sand fly pla ... | 2000 | 15535571 |
| colonization of phlebotomus neglectus (diptera: psychodidae), the major vector of visceral leishmaniasis in greece. | colonization of phlebotomus neglectus tonnoir, the major vector of visceral leishmaniasis, in greece is reported for the first time. starting with wild-caught specimens, a small closed colony was established that was maintained for 17 mo or 10 generations. gonotrophic discordance, stenogamic mating behavior, low fecundity, and dormancy because of low temperature were the most important findings that characterized the colony. | 2000 | 15535576 |
| laboratory transmission of rift valley fever virus by phlebotomus duboscqi, phlebotomus papatasi, phlebotomus sergenti, and sergentomyia schwetzi (diptera: psychodidae). | we examined the potential for phlebotomus papatasi (scopoli), phlebotomus duboscqi (neveu-lemarie), phlebotomus sergenti (parrot), and sergentomyia schwetzi (adler, theodor, & parrot) to transmit rift valley fever (rvf) virus. after feeding on hamsters that had been inoculated with rvf virus, p. papatasi, p. sergenti, and s. schwetzi became infected and developed disseminated infections. all p. papatasi and p. duboscqi inoculated with rvf virus developed high-titer infections. in contrast, only ... | 2000 | 15535589 |
| a role for insect galectins in parasite survival. | insect galectins are associated with embryonic development or immunity against pathogens. here, we show that they can be exploited by parasites for survival in their insect hosts. ppgalec, a tandem repeat galectin expressed in the midgut of the sandfly phlebotomus papatasi, is used by leishmania major as a receptor for mediating specific binding to the insect midgut, an event crucial for parasite survival, and accounts for species-specific vector competence for the most widely distributed form o ... | 2004 | 15543683 |
| characterization of a defensin from the sand fly phlebotomus duboscqi induced by challenge with bacteria or the protozoan parasite leishmania major. | antimicrobial peptides are major components of the innate immune response of epithelial cells. in insect vectors, these peptides may play a role in the control of gut pathogens. we have analyzed antimicrobial peptides produced by the sand fly phlebotomus duboscqi, after challenge by injected bacteria or feeding with bacteria or the protozoan parasite leishmania major. a new hemolymph peptide with antimicrobial activity was identified and shown to be a member of the insect defensin family. intere ... | 2004 | 15557638 |
| leishmania parasites (kinetoplastida: trypanosomatidae) reversibly inhibit visceral muscle contractions in hemimetabolous and holometabolous insects. | female sand flies can acquire protozoan parasites in the genus leishmania when feeding on an infected vertebrate host. the parasites complete a complex growth cycle in the sand fly gut until they are transmitted by bite to another host. recently, a myoinhibitory peptide was isolated from leishmania major promastigotes. this peptide caused significant gut distension and reversible, dose-dependent inhibition of spontaneous hindgut contractions in the enzootic sand fly vector, phlebotomus papatasi. ... | 2004 | 15579321 |
| first detection of leishmania major in peridomestic phlebotomus papatasi from isfahan province, iran: comparison of nested pcr of nuclear its ribosomal dna and semi-nested pcr of minicircle kinetoplast dna. | two pcr methods were compared for their sensitivity in detecting cultured leishmania major, before being used to estimate infection rates in female sandflies (phlebotomus papatasi) collected from peridomestic animal shelters and the nearby burrows of the gerbil reservoir hosts, rhombomys opimus, in isfahan province, central iran. a semi-nested pcr was used to amplify a fragment of minicircle kinetoplast (k) dna with a length and sequence diagnostic for l. major, and a nested pcr was developed to ... | 2005 | 15589800 |
| [detection of leishmania infantum mon-24 in the dog]. | two forms of cutaneous leishmaniasis are endemic in algeria. zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by leishmania major is widespread in the steppe regions of the northern sahara. sporadic cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by leishmania infantum occurs in the north along the coastline. the main causative agent for the sporadic form is leishmania infantum zymodeme mon-24. it has been isolated from the sandfly vector phlebotomus perfiliewi. however all attempts to isolate this variant from dogs, i.e ... | 2004 | 15615393 |
| altitudinal variation in morphometric and molecular characteristics of phlebotomus papatasi populations. | four populations of the phlebotomine sandfly phlebotomus (phlebotomus) papatasi (scopoli) (diptera: psychodidae), in different ecoregions at altitudes between 368 and 1117 m in the sanliurfa province of turkey, were compared using morphometric and isoenzyme analyses. a similarity phenogram obtained from allozyme data showed that heterozygosity was extremely low, particularly for the alleles which were found to be completely fixed in populations at hamdun (hmd) and alitas (alt). populations at ak ... | 2004 | 15642000 |
| bionomics of phlebotomine sandflies in the galilee focus of cutaneous leishmaniasis in northern israel. | the bionomics of phlebotomine sandflies (diptera: psychodidae) were studied for three years (2001-2003) in the galilee focus of cutaneous leishmaniasis in northern israel, where the causative leishmania tropica (kinetoplastida: trypanosomatidae) is transmitted by phlebotomus (adlerius) arabicus theodor and phlebotomus (paraphlebotomus) sergenti parrot, comprising 22% and 8%, respectively, of the local sandfly fauna sampled by light traps. the predominant species overall was phlebotomus (larrouss ... | 2004 | 15642009 |
| a molecular analysis of the subgenus transphlebotomus artemiev, 1984 (phlebotomus, diptera, psychodidae) inferred from nd4 mtdna with new northern records of phlebotomus mascittii grassi, 1908. | a comparative molecular study was performed on the three species of phlebotomine sandflies belonging to the subgenus transphlebotomus artemiev whose morphological differentiation is difficult. all three species have been suspected, but never proven, to be vectors of leishmania infantum. the nd4 gene from mtdna was sequenced from specimens of five populations of phlebotomus mascittii grassi from belgium (the first records of phlebotomine sandflies from this country), france, and germany. addition ... | 2004 | 15666186 |
| development of a mouse model for the study of toscana virus pathogenesis. | toscana virus (tosv) has recently been recognized as an emerging virus transmitted by phlebotomus vectors, responsible for acute neurological diseases in mediterranean countries. in our study, we demonstrated that adult balb/c mice were susceptible to tosv when infected intracerebrally (i.c.) or subcutaneously (s.c.) with a neuroadapted strain of the virus. we have shown that by performing serial passages of a wild type human isolate of tosv in mouse brains, selection occurs for a highly virulen ... | 2005 | 15708593 |
| serological and entomological survey in a zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis focus of north central anatolia, turkey: corum province. | in the present study, we aimed to carry out an epidemiological and entomological survey on a visceral leishmaniasis (vl) focus located on the northern central part of anatolia, turkey. five villages of corum province, where five confirmed cases of human visceral leishmaniasis (hvl) (one patient/village) were reported between june 1998 and august 2001 were included in the study. a total of 625 children and 131 dogs were sampled and the physical examination was carried out by authorized physicians ... | 2005 | 15716053 |
| short report: surveillance of leishmania sp. among sand flies in sicily (italy) using a fluorogenic real-time polymerase chain reaction. | leishmaniasis caused by leishmania infantum is a complex zoonotic disease, resulting in cutaneous and visceral manifestations in both dogs and humans. the present study involved a published taqman fluorogenic real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay for surveillance of leishmania sp. parasites among sand flies trapped in two provinces in sicily, catania and agrigento, during the summer and fall of 2003. only male specimens were identified to species level, while females were used to evalu ... | 2005 | 15741548 |
| epidemiological study in a new focus of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the islamic republic of iran. | an outbreak of cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl) in sabzevar county prompted this study of the epidemiology and the ecology of vectors and reservoirs. examination of 541 schoolchildren showed rates of 9.4% for scars and 5.9% for ulcers. among 807 inhabitants of 4 villages, 10.4% had scars and 3.0% had active lesions. the most highly infected age group was 0-4 years with a rate of 5.9%. a total of 12 849 sandflies representing 7 species were collected in the study area. leptomonad infection was found ... | 2003 | 15748078 |
| sand fly species of sanliurfa province in turkey. | the species composition and seasonal abundance of sand flies (diptera: phlebotominae) were studied in the years 2000-2002 in the sanliurfa region, which is the largest focus of cutaneous leishmaniasis in south-eastern turkey. sixteen species were identified among 29 771 specimens collected at 17 different sites by light traps, sticky papers and aspirators. the most common species were phlebotomus papatasi (scopoli) (45.4%), p. perfiliewi parrot (21.9%), and p. sergenti parrot (19.4%). the other ... | 2005 | 15752185 |
| distribution of phlebotomine sandflies, of the subgenus larroussius, in morocco. | adult sandflies (diptera: psychodidae) of the genus phlebotomus and of the subgenus larroussius were collected with sticky traps from thirty-four localities in central and south-western morocco. four larroussius species were present in this area, phlebotomus perniciosus newstead, being the most widespread and abundant species particularly in the mountainous area, was sympatric with the closely related species phlebotomus longicuspis nitzulescu. only one male of p. perniciosus displayed the bifid ... | 2005 | 15752186 |
| genetic variation in the sand fly salivary protein, sp-15, a potential vaccine candidate against leishmania major. | sp-15 is a sandfly salivary protein that provides strong protection against cutaneous leishmaniasis, caused by leishmania major, and has been proposed as a potential vaccine against this disease. to investigate possible antigenic variation in this protein, we examined genetic polymorphism of sp-15 in 100 phlebotomus papatasi sandflies, from a natural population from sudan and four laboratory colonies from egypt, jordan, israel and saudi arabia. we found that although many variants of sp-15 may b ... | 2005 | 15796747 |
| isolation of a myoinhibitory peptide from leishmania major (kinetoplastida: trypanosomatidae) and its function in the vector sand fly phlebotomus papatasi (diptera: psychodidae). | protozoan parasites in the genus leishmania are ingested by sand flies with blood and multiply in the gut until they are transmitted to a vertebrate host when the sand fly blood feeds again. infections of the enzootic vector phlebotomus papatasi scopoli result in distended midguts with no spontaneous gut contractions. using a p. papatasi hindgut contraction bioassay, a paralytic factor sensitive to trypsin, chymotrypsin, proteinase-k, and heating at 56 degrees c was detected in crude lysates of ... | 2005 | 15799523 |
| diagnosis & management of leishmania/hiv co-infection. | leishmaniasis, a globally prevalent parasitic disease occurs in three forms viz., visceral, cutaneous and mucocutaneous, transmitted by the bite of infected female phlebotomus sandflies. visceral leishmaniasis (vl) has 100 per cent fatality rate, if left untreated. india has the largest burden of this disease. hiv infection is also increasing worldwide and several reports indicate rising trend of vl/ hiv co-infection, modifying the traditional anthroponotic pattern of vl transmission. both vl an ... | 2005 | 15817953 |
| entomological and parasitological study on phlebotomine sandflies in central and northern albania. | an entomological survey was carried out in two districts of central (kruje) and northern (lezhe) albania. six collecting sites, showing a variety of diurnal resting sites, were monitored for adult sandflies from june through october 2002. flies were collected with cdc miniature light traps, sticky traps and mechanical or hand aspirators in peridomestic sites, in bedrooms and inside cow barns, chicken coops and pigpens. all collecting sites monitored were found positive for sandflies. a total of ... | 2005 | 15828581 |
| the phlebotomine sandflies of portugal. xiii--occurrence of phlebotomus sergenti parrot, 1917 in the arrabida leishmaniasis focus. | in a survey carried out during the summer in 2002 and 2003, in the canine and vulpine leishmaniasis focus of arrabida, 665 phlebotomine sandflies were caught. 13.83% were p. ariasi, 58.65% p. pemiciosus, 0.45% p. sergenti and 27.07% s. minuta. despite the low abundance, the finding of the three adults p. sergenti (two males in aldeia grande and one female in quinta da ramada) confirm the colonization of the arrabida leishmaniasis focus by this species, which presence had been previously reported ... | 2005 | 15828585 |
| [the effect of sandfly control on the transmission of visceral leishmaniasis]. | to observe the effect of phlebotomus chinensis control including insecticide residual spraying in the habitats and bathing for dogs on the transmission of visceral leishmaniasis in nanping of sichuan province. | 2004 | 15830857 |
| sand fly specificity of saliva-mediated protective immunity in leishmania amazonensis-balb/c mouse model. | immune response of balb/c mice to the salivary antigens of sand flies was found to vary with different species used, i.e. phlebotomus papatasi, phlebotomus sergenti and lutzomyia longipalpis. exposure of mice to bites of these sand flies elicits production of antibodies, which are largely specific to different saliva antigens previously identified as unique to the respective fly species. when immunized intradermally (i.d.) with salivary gland lysates (sgl) of l. longipalpis, balb/c mice develope ... | 2005 | 15866511 |
| evaluation of a dot-immunoblot assay for detecting leishmanial antigen in naturally infected phlebotomus argentipes (diptera: psychodidae). | a simple and highly reproducible dot-immunoblot assay was developed to detect leishmanial antigen in phlebotomus argentipes that were naturally infected with leishmania donovani. the test was sensitive to as little as 10 ng of antigenic protein (equivalent to the gut content of one laboratory-infected sandfly) and also appeared to be specific, in that it gave a positive result with some p. argentipes (the primary vector of l. donovani in india) and l. donovani but not with p. papatasi or other p ... | 2005 | 15949184 |
| localized cutaneous leishmaniasis due to leishmania donovani and leishmania tropica: preliminary findings of the study of 161 new cases from a new endemic focus in himachal pradesh, india. | localized cutaneous leishmaniasis (lcl) in india is due mostly to leishmania tropica. it is mainly endemic in the deserts of rajasthan. recently, himachal pradesh has been identified as a new endemic focus for the disease. in the last few years, the number of new cases has been increasing almost to epidemic proportions. this report presents the preliminary findings of clinico-epidemiologic and investigative results of 161 new localized cases of lcl seen between may 2001 and december 2003. the st ... | 2005 | 15964970 |