| studies in man with a cold-recombinant live influenza b virus vaccine. | a cold recombinant live influenza b virus vaccine was tested in man. in comparison to a placebo, reactogenicity attributable to virus infection was slight or moderate. no revertant viruses were shed, and there was no evidence of transmission to the placebo group who were housed in close contact with the vaccinees. serological responses to initial inoculation were moderate; 60% of vaccinees showing twofold increases in serum hemagglutination inhibition (hai) titers gave a geometric mean titer (gm ... | 1982 | 7061994 |
| role of viral glycoproteins in haemolysis by influenza b virus. | influenza b virus exhibited haemolytic activity at low ph, but the ph profile for its activity varied from strain to strain. the results of selective heat-inactivation of the enzyme activity of neuraminidase (na) or elimination from virions of the enzyme-active portion of the na molecule by trypsin digestion, suggest that proteolytically cleaved haemagglutinin, but not enzyme activity of na, is essential for haemolysis by influenza b virus. | 1982 | 7069402 |
| altered theophylline clearance during an influenza b outbreak. | during the 1980 influenza b outbreak in king county, washington, 11 children whose asthma had previously been controlled with a stable theophylline dose, developed theophylline toxicity on this same dose. two had seizures, eight had nausea and vomiting, and three had headaches. all had clinical evidence of a febrile viral illness. the toxicity appeared to be related to decreased theophylline clearance, which gradually returned to preillness levels over a period of one to three months. six of ten ... | 1982 | 7070895 |
| estimating household and community transmission parameters for influenza. | a maximum likelihood procedure is given for estimating household and community transmission parameters from observed influenza infection data. the estimator for the household transmission probability is an improvement over the classical secondary attack rate calculations because it factors out community-acquired infections from true secondary infections. the mathematical model used does not require the specification of infection onset times and, therefore, can be used with serologic data which d ... | 1982 | 7081204 |
| an outbreak of influenza b at an indiana boarding school: estimate of vaccine efficacy. | during the influenza season of 1979-80, influenza b accounted for most cases of influenza in the united states. the midwestern states experienced widespread influenza b activity beginning in mid-december. from late january to mid-february an outbreak of influenza-like illness occurred at a private boarding school for boys in northeastern indiana. most of these boys had been vaccinated against influenza. an influenza b virus was isolated in 1 instance, and 5 of the 24 boys from whom acute- and co ... | 1982 | 7089171 |
| [level of antibodies to influenza viruses a and b in the blood sera of children under 13]. | the level of antibodies to influenza a (h1n1), a (h2n2), a (h3n2), and b viruses in the blood sera collected in october and november, 1980, from 224 children under 13 resident in moscow and its suburbs was studied the results of the study showed convincingly the influenza a (h2n2) viruses did not circulate at that time among the population of moscow and its suburbs. the 4 positive (not exceeding 1 : 40 findings in sera from younger children were due to the presence in them of the antibodies cros ... | 1982 | 7090338 |
| [characteristics of the degree and spectrum of antiviral activity of 2-(1'-aminoethyl)-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane hydrochloride]. | a high activity of a bicycloheptane derivative against influenza viruses, poor activity against venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis and parainfluenza type 3 viruses, and the lack of activity against herpes simplex, vaccinia, echo 6, adenovirus type 3 replicating in tissue cultures were demonstrated. the efficacy of the drug in orthomyxovirus infection of tissue culture includes the viruses with the antigenic formula a (h3n2) and a (h1n1), is poor with the a/pr8/34 (h0n1) virus, and lacking with ... | 1982 | 7090343 |
| plaque formation by influenza b virus in a porcine kidney cell line. | | 1982 | 7121317 |
| [etiological characteristics of influenzal diseases in children's collectives under long-term observation]. | as the result of epidemiological and virological observations, the factors which determined the duration of carriership at the period of mixed influenza a and b epidemic were established. most children released influenza virus a for 7-9 days and influenza b virus for 10-12 days. the duration of carriership in children depended on their age, the level of humoral antibodies in their sera taken before the disease and the manifestation of their immune reaction to influenza virus infection. | 1982 | 7124208 |
| antibody against viruses in maternal and cord sera: specific antibody is concentrated on the fetal side of the circulation. | paired maternal and cord sera from 100 pregnancies were tested for antibodies against herpes simplex virus, measles virus and respiratory syncytial virus by complement fixation and for antibodies against rubella virus, influenza a virus and influenza b virus by haemagglutination-inhibition. for four viruses (herpes simplex, measles, respiratory syncytial and rubella) higher levels of antibody were found in cord than in maternal sera. there was no difference between maternal and cord serum titres ... | 1982 | 7130705 |
| the influenza herald wave. | for three successive years (1976-1979), the community surveillance system of the influenza research center identified a wave of influenza virus infections which occurred during the latter half of one epidemic period and which heralded the epidemic virus for the following year. recognition of the herald waves required consistent and continuous sampling of respiratory illnesses occurring among persons who constituted a substantial proportion of the population of over two million people in harris c ... | 1982 | 7137146 |
| intrathecal synthesis of virus antibodies in multiple sclerosis patients. | a follow-up study on the intrathecal synthesis of viral antibodies in multiple sclerosis patients was made on 28 patients over a period of about 2 years. serial serum and cerebrospinal fluid specimens were assayed for antibodies against measles, rubella, parainfluenza type 2, respiratory syncytial, mumps, influenza a, influenza b, adeno, and herpes simplex viruses by employing a solid-phase enzyme immunoassay technique. all patients had local antibody synthesis against one or more of the antigen ... | 1982 | 7141701 |
| national surveillance for reye syndrome: a five-year review. | national surveillance for reye syndrome conducted during five years, including the period 1973-1974 and december 1976 through november 1980, has resulted in the reporting of more than 2,000 cases of reye syndrome. the highest reported incidence of reye syndrome occurred during years of primary influenza b and a (h1n1) activity; the reported incidence during one period of influenza a (h3n2) activity was somewhat lower. regional outbreaks of reye syndrome have been associated with influenza a (h1n ... | 1982 | 7145544 |
| [emergency prevention of influenza with remantadin]. | prophylactic efficacy of remantadin was studied during influenza epidemics caused by types a (h3n2) and b viruses. more than 15,000 persons were observed. daily administration of remantadin ensured a decrease in influenza a (but not influenza b) morbidity 1.5-4.5 times in different groups (planned prophylaxis) and 6.5-10.3 times in family foci (focal prophylaxis). the protective effect of remantadin is mainly due to its capacity of suppressing the toxic manifestations of influenza infection, whi ... | 1982 | 7148230 |
| synthesis of m protein of influenza b virus is specifically inhibited at a non-permissive temperature. | | 1982 | 7149995 |
| [case of isolation of the influenza virus b from the nasopharynx of a healthy human being]. | to isolate influenza virus, 52 healthy persons were subjected to virological examination at a period between epidemics, and 40 healthy persons during an epidemic. among the group of 40 persons influenza virus could be isolated from one subject after the second passage in chick embryos. the virus was identified as the causative agent of influenza b. in the blood serum of this subject an increase in the titer of antibodies to the above-mentioned virus to 1: 40 was registered. the possibility of ei ... | 1982 | 7158160 |
| influenza b virus vaccines in children and adults: adverse reactions, immune response, and observations in the field. | a double-blind trial of influenza virus vaccines was initiated in the fall of 1976. one dose of 500 chick cell-agglutinating units of subvirion influenza b vaccine gave negligible adverse reactions in schoolchildren and young adults, whereas whole-virus vaccine caused systemic reactions. subvirion vaccines induced a complement-fixing antibody response, particularly in children, that returned to near original levels over a two-year period. levels of hemagglutination-inhibiting (hai) antibodies in ... | 1981 | 7240807 |
| influenza b virus rna segment 8 codes for two nonstructural proteins. | | 1981 | 7257181 |
| an outbreak of influenza b in an elderly population. | an outbreak of influenza b occurred in an elderly population residing in a minnesota nursing home between april 24 and may 21, 1979 and involved 129 (35.9%) of the 359 residents. throat swabs from 11 and 19 acutely ill residents yielded influenza b virus similar to the b/singapore/79 strain. fourfold or greater increases in titer of complement-fixing or hemagglutination-inhibiting antibodies were detected in paired sera from 18 of the 19 persons affected and from three of 16 unaffected residents ... | 1981 | 7288209 |
| analysis of antigenic drift in the haemagglutinin molecule of influenza b virus with monoclonal antibodies. | antigenic drift in the haemagglutinin (ha) molecule of influenza b viruses was studied with monoclonal antibodies. antigenic drift occurred in each of the 12 different epitopes studied and there was evidence that at least two antigenically distinguishable influenza b virus strains can co-circulate during an epidemic. the frequency of antigenic variation in the ha of influenza a strains. haemagglutination inhibition (hi) tests on antigenic variants selected with 12 different monoclonal antibodies ... | 1981 | 7288409 |
| differences in the electrophoretic migration rates of polypeptides and rnas of recent isolates of influenza b viruses. | the electrophoretic migration rates of structural and non-structural polypeptides of 38 influenza b viruses isolated in epidemics in 1978-1980 and antigenically closely related to b/singapore/222/79 virus were compared using high resolution sds polyacrylamide gels. thirty of the viruses could be distinguished from the prototype b/singapore/222/79 virus by electrophoretic migration rate differences in ha, 17 by differences in np and 27 by differences in mobility of the ns 1 polypeptide. mobility ... | 1981 | 7295041 |
| mitogenicity of influenza hemagglutinin glycoproteins and influenza viruses bearing h2-hemagglutinin. | the hemagglutinin glycoprotein is responsible for the mitogenic effect of influenza a viruses of the h2n2 subtype. this was indicated by the ability of viruses bearing the h2-hemagglutinin glycoprotein, regardless of its associated neuraminidase, to induce lymphocyte proliferation in normal spleen cell suspensions and by the ability of antisera with specificity for the h2-hemagglutinin to block this response. moreover, purified hemagglutinin from representative viruses from the h0n1, h1n1, h2n2, ... | 1981 | 7298178 |
| protein synthesis in vero cells abortively infected with influenza b virus. | growth of influenza b virus was found to be greatly restricted in vero cells compared with that in mdck cells. the analysis of protein synthesis in infected cells showed that the synthesis of m protein is selectively inhibited in abortive infection. cell fractionation experiments demonstrated that the viral glycoproteins, ha and na, migrate from rough membranes via smooth membranes to plasma membranes in abortive as well as in productive cells. these results suggest that intracellular migration ... | 1981 | 7299373 |
| a comparison of proteins among various influenza b virus strains by one-dimensional peptide mapping. | the major virus-specific proteins (ha, na, np, ns1 and m) of five different isolates of influenza b virus (b/lee/40, b/osaka/2/70, b/yamagata/1/73, b/aomori/1/76 and b/yamagata/26/77) were compared by limited proteolysis with staphylococcus aureus v8 protease and subsequent polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. the peptide patterns of matrix (m) proteins from all five strains were virtually identical. the nucleoproteins (np) as well as the non-structural proteins (ns1) were also very similar among ... | 1981 | 7310378 |
| causes of pneumonia presenting to a district general hospital. | the incidence of bacterial, viral, mycoplasma, and rickettsial infections has been assessed prospectively in 210 adult patients with pneumonia who presented to a district hospital over a six-year period. one hundred and thirteen infective agents were detected in 103 patients. the agent most frequently detected was mycoplasma pneumoniae which accounted for 30 infections. a bacterial pathogen was found in 43 patients. streptococcus pneumoniae was the most common of these (24 patients); staphylococ ... | 1981 | 7314031 |
| [effect of remantadine on the development of toxicoses caused by different strains of influenza virus]. | the effect of remantadine on the development of viral toxicosis caused in mice by original and remantadine-resistant strains of influenza virus was studied. a definite reduction of the antitoxic effectiveness of remantadine was demonstrated in passages of toxigenic influenza a virus strain in its presence. prophylactic administration of remantadine protected mice from the development of toxic pulmonary edema and death caused by inoculation of a massive dose of influenza b virus. passages of infl ... | 1981 | 7336681 |
| structural investigations of influenza b virus. | | 1981 | 7338901 |
| epidemiologic observations of influenza b virus infections in houston, texas, 1976-1977. | influenza b virus infections were documented in houston, texas, in 726 patients with febrile respiratory illnesses who presented to representative primary care facilities during the 1976-1977 respiratory disease season. this epidemic followed a "herald wave" of illness associated with influenza b during the preceding spring. over one-half the virus isolates were from children aged 5-19 years, and school absenteeism rates indicated that about 40 per cent of the students in the houston area were i ... | 1980 | 7352453 |
| severe illness with influenza b. | fifteen patients with recent influenza b infection were admitted to three dallas hospitals in the first 11 weeks of 1977. the patients' ages ranged from five to 73 years, with a median of 18 years. most had no significant underlying disease. the spectrum of clinical illness included postinfluenzal bacterial pneumonia (three cases), other severe chest disease (two cases), hyperpyrexia and possible rhabdomyolysis in the elderly (two cases), onset of toxemia of pregnancy, thyroid dysfunction, steve ... | 1980 | 7355890 |
| influenza b virus: alpha-amanitin sensitivity of replication and primer-dependence of in vitro transcription. | the replication of influenza b/lee/40 virus in mdck (canine kidney) cells was sensitive to alpha-amanitin and actinomycin d. in vitro, virion transcriptase activity was stimulated by dinucleotide primers such as apg. the above characteristics are shared by a/wsn virus. | 1980 | 7356393 |
| protection by a polyvalent influenza vaccine and persistence of homologous and heterologous hi antibodies during a period of two epidemic seasons. | a split-product influenza a vaccine which contained an influenza b strain (b/hong kong/8/73) and two influenza a strains, antigenically identical with a/fort dix/741/76 (hsw1n1) and a/victoria/3/75 (h3n2), was offered to personnel of the cphl. changes in the antibody status were followed with serum samples collected from 153 participants on the day of vaccination and 1, 13 and 18 months thereafter. during the two epidemic seasons in the trial period there were only four serological influenza a i ... | 1980 | 7358963 |
| epidemic influenza myopathy in cincinnati in 1977. | a distinctive myopathy was observed in 24 children following influenza b infection. the abrupt onset of severe muscle pain and difficulty in walking began as the respiratory symptoms were waning. the lower extremities, particularly the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles, were involved preferentially. nasopharyngeal cultures were positive for influenza b hong kong in 18 of these patients. serum creatine phosphokinase levels were significantly elevated (mean 55.2 units) when compared to controls and ... | 1980 | 7359257 |
| comparison of influenza b/hong kong virus infections among infants, children, and young adults. | an influenza b/hong kong viral epidemic was monitored by surveillance of respiratory illness in three different age groups. prospective viral monitoring of febrile respiratory illness was a useful mirror of the epidemiologic behavior of influenza in the community. influenza b virus infection in infants and young children was distinguished by high fever and respiratory symptoms and was occasionally associated with otitis media. in older children and young adults, systemic and gastrointestinal com ... | 1980 | 7373080 |
| amantadine and ribavirin aerosol treatment of influenza a and b infection in mice. | ribavirin, amantadine, and the two drugs in combination given in small-particle aerosol were highly effective in the treatment of influenza a infection in mice. treatment was started 72, 96, and 120 h after inoculation and was given continuously for 4 days. with increasing delay in start of treatment, there was a pronounced reduction in effectiveness of ribavirin but not in that of amantadine. the combination treatment reflected the loss of ribavirin activity. leukocyte infiltration and virus ti ... | 1980 | 7396454 |
| plaque inhibition assay for drug susceptibility testing of influenza viruses. | the relative antiviral activities of four drugs against contemporary strains of influenza a and b viruses were determined in madin-darby canine kidney cell monolayers with a plaque inhibition assay. this assay proved to be a reliable, rapid method of determining 50% inhibitory concentrations that correlated well with clinically achievable drug levels and the results of clinical trials. contemporary strains of influenza a viruses (subtypes h1n1, h3n2, hsw1n1) required amantadine hydrochloride and ... | 1980 | 7396473 |
| [population heterogeneity of modern influenza b virus strains]. | | 1980 | 7412610 |
| reye syndrome in ohio, 1973-1977. | some major epidemiologic features of reye syndrome have been elucidated since the first description of this clinical entity. multiple studies have shown an association with epidemic influenza b and endemic varicella. little population data are available on age, sex, race, geographic distribution, and secular trends. a five-year retrospective population-based study of 190 ohio residents diagnosed with reye syndrome from january 1, 1973-december 31, 1977, is reported here. the temporal relationshi ... | 1980 | 7435489 |
| morbidity and mortality associated with influenza b in the united states, 1979-1980. a report from the center for disease control. | | 1980 | 7441006 |
| from the national institute of allergy and infectious diseases: summary of a workshop on influenza b viruses and reye's syndrome. | | 1980 | 7441013 |
| comparison of the effects of five adjuvants on the antibody response to influenza virus antigen in guinea pigs. | five adjuvants were tested for their effect on the immune response in guinea pigs to the hemagglutinin antigen of influenza virus strain b/panama. vaccines containing 924 micrograms of hemagglutinin antigen/ml were prepared at high and low doses of freund's complete and incomplete adjuvants, syntex adjuvant, ribi's adjuvant, titermax adjuvant, and aluminum phosphate adjuvant. responses to these vaccines were compared with those to a control vaccine containing influenza virus b/panama hemagglutin ... | 1995 | 7474883 |
| update: influenza activity--united states and england, 1995-96 season. | in cooperation with the world health organization (who), its collaborating laboratories, and state and local health departments, cdc conducts surveillance to monitor influenza activity and to detect antigenic changes in the circulating strains of influenza viruses. this report summarizes influenza surveillance activities in the united states and england from september 17 through november 11, 1995. | 1995 | 7476840 |
| [influenza in the 1994/95 season; composition of vaccine for the 1995/96 season]. | the 1994/'95 season in the netherlands was marked by a limited influenza activity which only emerged in late february. the influenza activity remained elevated until the end of april, which is unusually late, and epidemic activity was only reported in the south of the country. both influenza a/h3n2 and b viruses were isolated in this period. in addition, influenza a/hini viruses were isolated for the first time since march 1993, from two patients. the majority of the influenza a strains that cir ... | 1995 | 7477582 |
| increased immunogenicity of inactivated influenza virus vaccine containing purified surface antigen compared with whole virus in elderly women. | thirty-eight elderly female subjects (aged 80 +/- 7 years, mean +/- standard deviation) were randomized to immunization with trivalent inactivated influenza virus vaccine containing either purified surface antigen (n = 18) or whole virus (n = 20) components from a/texas/36/91 (h1n1), a/beijing/353/89 (h3n2), and b/panama/45/90 strains. humoral and cellular immune responses were assessed by measuring serum hemagglutination inhibition antibodies and cytotoxic t lymphocyte (ctl) activity at 0 and 3 ... | 1994 | 7496915 |
| influenza surveillance, england and wales: october 1992-june 1993. | | 1993 | 7507772 |
| replication of influenza b virus in chicken embryos is suppressed by exogenous aprotinin. | chicken embryo proteinases, one of which is a blood clotting factor xa-like proteinase, are known to effectively cleave the haemagglutinin (ha) of influenza b viruses to permit their replication in chicken embryonated eggs. here we show that injection of the serine proteinase inhibitor, aprotinin, into the allantoic cavity of eggs infected with influenza b/hong kong/73 and b/lee/40 viruses suppresses the viral ha cleavage and reduces the virus proteolytic activation and replication. effective in ... | 1994 | 7515225 |
| synthetic polymeric inhibitors of influenza virus receptor-binding activity suppress virus replication. | a new approach to anti-influenza chemotherapy is based on the development of synthetic inhibitors of virus attachment to host cells. these inhibitors are prepared by anchoring the minimum receptor determinant of influenza virus, sialic acid, to polymeric or liposomal carriers. in this study, a series of poly(acrylic acid-co-acrylamides) and dextrans bearing pendant glycylamidobenzylsialoside groups were synthesized and evaluated for their binding to a panel of influenza a and b virus strains and ... | 1994 | 7519002 |
| [the antigenic structure of influenza b viruses isolated in 1991]. | a comparative immunological analysis of the antigenic structure of reference influenza b viruses of 1940-1984 and isolates of 1986-1991 using monospecific antibodies to individual antigenic determinants and monoclonal antibodies to hemagglutinin of b/oregon/5/80 virus demonstrated a further antigenic drift of influenza b viruses from the reference variants b/victoria/2/87 and b/yamagata/16/88. alongside with circulation of viruses with new antigenic properties, variants were found in the epidemi ... | 1993 | 7521098 |
| national advisory committee on immunization (naci). statement on influenza vaccination for the 1994-95 season. | | 1994 | 7522728 |
| immunisation against influenza. | | 1994 | 7522813 |
| hla-a*0201 complexes with two 10-mer peptides differing at the p2 anchor residue have distinct refolding kinetics. | the immune response to viruses partially depends on the biochemical interaction between viral peptides and histocompatibility molecules. in this study, the refolding of recombinant hla-a*0201 heavy chain and beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2-m) in the presence of peptides from influenza b nucleoprotein (bnp), influenza a matrix protein, and hiv gp120 and their analogues was examined. the plateau value for the amount of refolded complex with three peptides, a 10-mer bnp 85-94 (a86) with alanine substi ... | 1995 | 7529284 |
| influenza surveillance, england and wales: october 1993 to june 1994. | this report summarises the information obtained by surveillance of influenza activity in england and wales from 30 october 1993 to 24 june 1994 (weeks 93/44 to 94/25). a moderate epidemic of influenza occurred, which was earlier than in recent years. it followed an increase in influenza activity reported in scotland in early october. activity spread from north to south. influenza a(h3n2) viruses accounted for over 98% of isolates typed, but a few strains of influenza b were identified. | 1994 | 7531565 |
| [influenza: current status and epidemiologic situation]. | in the period of 1993 to 1994, influenza activity caused by circulation of viruses antigenically structurally related to the strain a/beijing/32/92 (h3n2) began in the countries of north america and west europe in october-november 1993, by spreading to the countries of east europe, the urals, and west siberia. epidemic events in china and in the far east were evoked mainly by the influenza b virus. the influenza a (h1n1) viruses did not widely spread. single isolates (about 1% of all the influen ... | 1994 | 7532491 |
| [polymorphism of current human influenza a and b virus population]. | during the past years, the etiological situation has been significantly complicated. it is characterized by simultaneous circulation of a(h1n1), a(h3n2) and influenza b viruses and by the isolation of reassortant strains and viruses, which are atypical in relation to the process of their natural variability. the antigenic properties of epidemic strains and unusual isolates were investigated. the marked heterogeneity of the a(h3n2) influenza viruses was demonstrated. it was determined by the circ ... | 1994 | 7532493 |
| [remantadine in the treatment of influenza in children]. | the therapeutical efficacy of remantadine was studied in influenza in- and out-patients aged 3-14 years during consecutive influenza epidemics. the drug was given to ill children on the first or second day from the onset of the disease at a dose of 1.5 mg/kg of body weight 3 times a day for 3 days. the curative effect of remantadine was established not only in influenza a, but also in influenza b infections, as well as in mixed infections with other respiratory agents and with pathogens of non-i ... | 1994 | 7532497 |
| recommended composition of influenza virus vaccines for use in the 1995-1996 season. | | 1995 | 7537515 |
| influenza activity in great britain. | | 1995 | 7537582 |
| ranking potential binding peptides to mhc molecules by a computational threading approach. | in this paper, an approach developed to address the inverse protein folding problem is applied to prediction of potential binding peptides to a specific major histocompatibility complex (mhc) molecule. overlapping peptides, spanning the entire protein sequence, are threaded through the backbone coordinates of a known peptide fold in the mhc groove, and their interaction energies are evaluated using statistical pairwise contact potentials. with currently available tables for pairwise potentials, ... | 1995 | 7540211 |
| reversible neutropenia during a cold: possible involvement of risperidone? a case report. | after 9 days of risperidone therapy (2-6 mg/day), a 24-year-old schizophrenic female patient developed a leucopenia with neutropenia < 1000/mm3. a few days after starting the neuroleptic treatment, she suffered from a cold, without fever. all immunological tests performed yielded negative results except for influenza b virus. the cessation of the risperidone therapy was followed within 48 h by a normalisation of the wbc differential count. therefore, in the absence of a rechallenge with risperid ... | 1995 | 7542050 |
| a review of attenuation of influenza viruses by genetic manipulation. | | 1995 | 7551418 |
| from the centers for disease control and prevention. update: influenza activity--worldwide, 1995. | | 1995 | 7563439 |
| [the next influenza wave is a question of time. a new variant may cause a pandemic]. | | 1995 | 7564630 |
| isolation of influenza a and b viruses in hela cells. | the hela cell line which is one of the most popular cell lines was shown to be suitable for isolation of types a (h3n2) and b influenza viruses from throat washings of patients. sixty-nine and 67 out of 147 throat washings taken from patients during the period from january to april 1994, were positive for influenza a virus in hela cells and mdck cells respectively. seven out of 10 throat washings taken between january and march, 1993, were positive for influenza b virus in mdck. of these 7, 4 we ... | 1995 | 7565177 |
| influenza. | | 1995 | 7577431 |
| influenza vaccines. | this is a report about influenza vaccines. recommendations for the 1995/1996 influenza season vaccine components are cited. there are many different types of influenza vaccine, but only inactivated vaccines are licensed for parenteral administration in humans. experimental live vaccines have been developed and evaluated for their usefulness in the immunoprophylaxis of influenza in humans, especially for those at high risk of death from influenza virus infection. the current inactivated vaccines ... | 1995 | 7580301 |
| [comparative study of genomes of present-day influenza a and b viruses]. | the electrophoretic mobility of rna fragments was used to study epidemic influenza viruses a and b as compared with the reference strains and virological findings. among those tested, there was a further drift involving both the genes coding glycosylated proteins and internal and non-structural proteins. the analysis of atypical isolates showed their reassortant nature. | 1995 | 7580406 |
| [clinical and x-ray features of lung lesions in influenza uncomplicated and complicated by pneumonia]. | clinical and x-ray features of pulmonary lesions were studied in 858 inpatients with pneumonia-complicated and uncomplicated influenza. this showed it possible to establish a clinical and x-ray diagnosis of viral pulmonary lesions in the early period of infection. there was a correlation between influenza toxicosis and the magnitude of lung x-ray changes. there were variations in the x-ray pattern of secondary pneumonia in relation to the time of their occurrence. | 1995 | 7580408 |
| [characteristics of dynamics of influenza epidemics and trends of change]. | long-term epidemiological data on 60 reference bases (cities) of the regional influenza and acute respiratory disease center (for the former ussr) are analyzed. trends in developing an epidemiological process are defined. it is shown that the rate influenza a epidemics has been recently declined, its morbidity is decreasing among adults and increasing among children: influenza a epidemics has recently shown mainly its endogenous spread. influenza b epidemics have become more intensive, but in th ... | 1995 | 7580410 |
| [significance of the functional activity of antibodies in influenza immunity]. | a simple and inexpensive test for mass examination of the functional activity of serum antibodies was developed. the test is based on a kinetic serologic reaction that reflects the time course of changes in antibody titers depending on the time of contact of the tested material with antigen. the curves of serum kinetic titration were processed on a computer by the special programme. as a result, an integral factor, an antibody functional activity index (afai) was calculated for each serum sample ... | 1995 | 7580411 |
| [features of interepidemic influenza a and b viruses]. | the comparison of interepidemic influenza viruses with the pathogens of resultant influenza epidemics has revealed that they belong to the same type (subtype) of influenza virus. a definite correlation has been found between the antigenic specificity of haemagglutinin of epidemic and interepidemic strains. the antigenic structure of the interepidemic viruses and the pathogens of further epidemics of influenza b viruses have been found to be completely identical. the interepidemic a(h1n1) isolate ... | 1995 | 7580419 |
| influenza types and patient population. | | 1995 | 7603243 |
| cdc releases update on influenza activity and on composition of 1995-96 influenza vaccine. | | 1995 | 7604770 |
| an epidemic with influenza b virus causing benign acute myositis in ten boys and two girls. | | 1995 | 7607291 |
| typing and subtyping of influenza viruses in clinical samples by pcr. | type a and b influenza viruses can cause a wide spectrum of illness, and these viruses are responsible for considerable mortality and morbidity. rapid typing of isolates is desirable when amantadine treatment or prophylaxis of contacts of type a influenza virus carriers is considered, but the available rapid techniques lack sensitivity and standard diagnostic methods require expansion of virus in tissue culture or embryonated hens' eggs. we developed a series of oligonucleotide primers able to d ... | 1995 | 7615726 |
| prevention of influenza by the intranasal administration of cold-recombinant, live-attenuated influenza virus vaccine: importance of interferon-gamma production and local iga response. | to clarify which immunological factors were more effective in preventing influenza virus infection, we measured immunological parameters induced by vaccination and infection in vivo and in vitro. healthy adult subjects (n = 128) were divided into vaccinated (n = 85) and untreated (n = 43) groups. eighty-five were vaccinated intranasally with a trivalent cold-adapted recombinant influenza virus vaccine containing type a (h1n1 and h3n2) and b viruses. subjects were mostly seropositive before vacci ... | 1995 | 7625114 |
| combined clinical and virological surveillance of influenza in winters of 1992 and 1993-4. | | 1995 | 7633235 |
| influenza surveillance in n. greece during 1983-1993. | following the who programme to monitor influenza, the national influenza centre for n. greece presents the results of a laboratory surveillance during 1983-93. influenza viruses were isolated every year except for 1986-87 and 1987-88 seasons. type a viruses predominated in 1983-84, 1985-86, 1988-89 and 1989-90. type b viruses were prevalent in 1990-91 and 1992-93. both types of a and b viruses circulated concurrently in the community during the winters of 1984-85 and 1991-92. seroconversions (cf ... | 1995 | 7636286 |
| pulmonary immune response of young and aged mice after influenza challenge. | after influenza challenge, aged mice have prolonged viral shedding that correlates with lower splenic cytotoxic t lymphocyte (ctl) activity. to evaluate the age-related pulmonary cell-mediated immune response to influenza, pulmonary lymphocytes were obtained from young and aged mice at various days after respiratory tract infection with nonlethal influenza a/pc/1/73 (h3n2) virus. in young mice, pulmonary ctl activity peaked at 48% +/- 2% on day 7 after infection. pulmonary ctl activity peaked 1 ... | 1995 | 7636390 |
| influenza types and patient population. | | 1995 | 7637520 |
| statement on influenza vaccination for the 1995-96 season. national advisory committee on immunization. | | 1995 | 7641158 |
| update: influenza activity--worldwide, 1995. | from october 1994 through august 1995, influenza activity occurred at low to moderate levels in most parts of the world. influenza activity usually was associated with the cocirculation of influenza types a and b viruses. overall, influenza a(h3n2) was the predominant influenza a subtype, but isolation of influenza a(h1n1) viruses increased during this period and was the most frequently isolated influenza virus in australia from march through august. this report summarizes influenza activity wor ... | 1995 | 7643851 |
| national advisory committee on immunization (naci) statement on influenza vaccination for the 1995-96 season. | | 1995 | 7647747 |
| structure-based inhibitors of influenza virus sialidase. a benzoic acid lead with novel interaction. | influenza virus sialidase is a surface enzyme that is essential for infection of the virus. the catalytic site is highly conserved among all known influenza variants, suggesting that this protein is a suitable target for drug intervention. the most potent known inhibitors are analogs of 2-deoxy-2,3-didehydro-n-acetylneuraminic acid (neu5ac2en), particularly the 4-guanidino derivative (4-guanidino-neu5ac2en). we utilized the benzene ring of 4-(n-acetylamino)benzoic acids as a cyclic template to s ... | 1995 | 7650674 |
| communitywide laboratory-based influenza surveillance focused on older persons, 1989-1992. | we collected surveillance data as part of the medicare influenza vaccine demonstration to describe communitywide epidemiology of influenza, focusing on the elderly. laboratory-based surveillance was established in medical practices, hospitals, and nursing homes in a two-county demonstration in upstate new york. time course and intensity of epidemic influenza were compared between counties, between influenza a and b epidemics, and among several levels of surveillance involving elderly persons as ... | 1995 | 7662393 |
| etiology of acute lower respiratory infection in filipino children under five years. | this study conducted at the research institute for tropical medicine from april 1990 to december 1992, identified the etiology of acute lower respiratory tract infection (alri) in 119 (36.9%) of 317 hospitalized children < 5 years of age. a higher proportion of respiratory viruses (27.2%) than bacterial agents (10.7%) were identified. viral agents (adenovirus, rsv, parainfluenza 3, influenza a and influenza b) and bacterial agents (mainly haemophilus influenzae and streptococcus pneumoniae) are ... | 1994 | 7667713 |
| national advisory committee on immunization (naci). statement on influenza vaccination for the 1993-94 season. | | 1993 | 7686070 |
| influenza in summer 1993. | | 1993 | 7693205 |
| antibody fc functional activity of intravenous immunoglobulin preparations treated with solvent-detergent for virus inactivation. | we report here results of in vitro comparisons of the fc functional activity of a second-generation intravenous immunoglobulin (igiv) preparation (venoglobulin-i) and a third-generation igiv product that includes a deliberate virus-inactivation step (venoglobulin-s). both formulations showed equivalent fc-mediated function against viral antigens (rubella, influenza a, and influenza b) by single-radial hemolysis test, and against group b streptococcus, staphylococcus aureus and escherichia coli b ... | 1994 | 7701803 |
| facing inevitable future flu seasons, experts set 1996 vaccine and plan for unpredictable pandemic. | | 1995 | 7707582 |
| update: influenza activity--united states and worldwide, 1994-95 season, and composition of the 1995-96 influenza vaccine. | in collaboration with the world health organization (who) and the international network of collaborating laboratories and with state and local health departments in the united states, cdc conducts surveillance to monitor influenza activity and to detect antigenic changes in the circulating strains of influenza viruses. this report summarizes surveillance for influenza in the united states and worldwide during the 1994-95 season and describes the composition of the 1995-96 influenza vaccine. | 1995 | 7708039 |
| routine diagnosis of seven respiratory viruses and mycoplasma pneumoniae by enzyme immunoassay. | a composite eia, using 8-well microstrips, was used for the rapid detection of seven respiratory viruses and m. pneumoniae. the viruses included influenza a and b, parainfluenza 1, 2 and 3, adenovirus and respiratory syncytial virus. during the 61 month period--june 1988 to june 1993--17326 respiratory specimens, submitted from three states, were tested by this eia. the specimens were mainly from a paediatric population (hospitals and private physicians). rsv was the predominant virus detected, ... | 1994 | 7714062 |
| type- and subtype-specific detection of influenza viruses in clinical specimens by rapid culture assay. | a rapid culture assay which allows for the simultaneous typing and subtyping of currently circulating influenza a(h1n1), a(h3n2), and b viruses in clinical specimens was developed. pools of monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against influenza a and b viruses and mabs ha1-71 and ha2-76, obtained by immunizing mice with the denatured hemagglutinin subfragments ha1 and ha2 of influenza virus a/victoria/3/75, were used for immunoperoxidase staining of antigens in infected mdck cells. mab ha1-71 reacted ex ... | 1995 | 7714186 |
| [duration of detection of influenza virus markers in human blood lymphocytes]. | | 1994 | 7716919 |
| [pseudosuspended cultured cells for obtaining influenza a and b viral antigens]. | conditions for pseudosuspension culturing of continuous cells of the kidneys of dogs (mdck), green marmosets (cv-1), and swine (spev) on two types of microcarriers (cytogel-3 and cytolar-2) under semiproduction conditions (50 liter bioreactor) were developed on a model of reassortants of influenza viruses a and b. to standardize the conditions, native sera were replaced by growth-stimulating proteins isolated from the sera of various animals (cattle, northern deer, swine). a better adhesive capa ... | 1994 | 7716923 |
| time to peak serum antibody response to influenza vaccine. | the time to the appearance of a peak serum antibody response to influenza virus vaccine is not clearly defined. we compared the most commonly used time intervals described in the literature--4 and 6 weeks after vaccination. we studied 118 elderly patients from three different geographic sites. the 1992 to 1993 trivalent inactivated influenza virus vaccine containing influenza virus a/beijing/353/89 (h3n2), influenza virus a/texas/36/91 (h1n1), and influenza virus b/panama/45/90 was used. no stat ... | 1995 | 7719904 |
| parainfluenza and influenza virus infections in pediatric organ transplant recipients. | we retrospectively reviewed parainfluenza and influenza virus infections that occurred in pediatric organ transplant recipients at our hospital from january 1985 through september of 1992. cultures of respiratory specimens revealed 45 infections in 42 transplant recipients (32 cases of parainfluenza and 13 cases of influenza virus infection). the following organs were transplanted: liver (28 patients), small bowel with and without liver (4), heart (3), lung with and without heart (5), and kidney ... | 1995 | 7742447 |
| antiviral activity of plant flavonoid, 5,7,4'-trihydroxy-8-methoxyflavone, from the roots of scutellaria baicalensis against influenza a (h3n2) and b viruses. | we investigated effects of isoscutellarein-8-methylether (5,7,4'-trihydroxy-8-methoxyflavone, f36) from the roots of scutellaria baicalensis on the single-cycle replication of mouse-adapted influenza viruses a/guizhou/54/89 (h3n2 subtype) and b/ibaraki/2/85 in madin-darby canine kidney (mdck) cells. the agent suppressed replication of these viruses from 6 to 12 h after incubation in a dose-dependent manner by 50% at 20 microm and 90% at 40 microm, respectively. f36 (50 microm) reduced the releas ... | 1995 | 7742801 |
| from the centers for disease control and prevention. update: influenza activity--united states and worldwide, 1994-95 season, and composition of the 1995-96 influenza vaccine. | | 1995 | 7745759 |
| augmentation of the immune response to influenza vaccine by acetylsalicylic acid: a clinical trial in a geriatric population. | the purpose of this placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized trial was to evaluate the efficacy of oral acetylsalicylic acid (asa), a comparatively safe, inexpensive biological response modifier, as an adjuvant to influenza vaccination in a geriatric population. 281 healthy adults, 65 years or older, received influenza vaccine and were randomized to asa or placebo. serum antibody against influenza a/beijing and b/panama, influenza antigen-stimulated blastogenesis and antigen-stimulated inter ... | 1994 | 7746030 |
| prevention and control of influenza recommendations of the advisory committee on immunization practices (acip). centers for disease control and prevention. | these recommendations update information on the vaccine and antiviral agents available for controlling influenza during the 1995-96 influenza season (superseding mmwr 1994;43(no. rr-9) 1-13 and mmwr 1994;43(no. rr-15): 1-10). the principal changes include information about a) the influenza virus strains included in the trivalent vaccine for 1995-96, b) side effects and adverse reactions, and c) the vaccination of pregnant women. | 1995 | 7746261 |
| is bell's palsy a reactivation of varicella zoster virus? | despite various pointers to an infectious aetiology, the cause of bell's palsy remains obscure. we examined paired sera from 62 patients with facial palsy and 50 age and sex matched contemporaneous controls. significantly more patients than controls had igm antibodies by elisa to varicella zoster virus (56.5% vs. 20%, p = 0.0001) and herpes simplex virus (41.9% vs. 18%, p = 0.006). additionally, significantly more patients than controls were positive for cf antibody to varicella zoster virus (14 ... | 1995 | 7751662 |