| aerosol-induced mycoplasma synoviae arthritis: the synergistic effect of infectious bronchitis virus infection. | the effect of infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) infection (10(4.5) median embryo infective dose per chick) on the induction of mycoplasma synoviae arthritis was investigated. mycoplasma-free brown layer pullets, approximately 5 weeks old, were exposed to an aerosol dose of > or =10(2-3) colony-forming units (cfu) of m. synoviae alone or 3 days after inoculation of a field strain of ibv (d1466) by the ocular-nasal route. chicks injected intravenously with 10(9) cfu m. synoviae served as positive ... | 2004 | 15763728 |
| retrospective evidence that the mhc (b haplotype) of chickens influences genetic resistance to attenuated infectious bronchitis vaccine strains in chickens. | infectious bronchitis is a respiratory disease of chickens that is caused by the coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (ibv). virtually all broiler and layer breeder flocks are routinely vaccinated against ibv. two hatches of 1-day-old chicks from four lines were mistakenly vaccinated for infectious bronchitis using a moderately attenuated vaccine designed for chicks of an older age. the vaccination resulted in high mortality, and chicks from three of four lines died with signs typical of infe ... | 2004 | 15763730 |
| variation in the spike protein of the 793/b type of infectious bronchitis virus, in the field and during alternate passage in chickens and embryonated eggs. | the degree of variation exhibited within the 793/b serotype (also known as 4/91 and cr88 serotypes) was investigated with nine french and 10 british isolates, collected between 1985 and 1994. the s1 part (1644 nucleotides) of the spike protein gene of the first known isolate of this serotype, fr/cr85131/85, had 95.9% to 97% nucleotide identity with the other isolates. partial sequencing of isolates from iran and saudi arabia, isolated in 2000, revealed approximately 95% nucleotide identity with ... | 2005 | 15763735 |
| development and application of a saccharomyces cerevisiae-expressed nucleocapsid protein-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of antibodies against infectious bronchitis virus. | a saccharomyces cerevisiae-expressed nucleocapsid (n) polypeptide of the m41 strain of infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) was used as antigen in a recombinant yeast-expressed n protein-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (y-n-elisa). the y-n-elisa was rapid, sensitive, and specific for detecting chicken serum antibodies to ibv, and it compared favorably with a commercial elisa. | 2005 | 15815038 |
| molecular detection and serotyping of infectious bronchitis virus from fta filter paper. | we investigated the feasibility of using flinders technology associates (fta) filter cards for the storage of allantoic fluid containing an infectious bronchitis virus (ibv), such as arkansas-dpi, connecticut, and massachusetts, and for their identification by reverse transcriptase (rt)-polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and characterization by restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) or nucleotide sequencing. fta paper is a cotton-based cellulose membrane containing lyophilized chemicals th ... | 2005 | 15839408 |
| in vitro analysis of a hammerhead ribozyme targeted to infectious bronchitis virus nucleocapsid mrna. | hammerhead ribozymes are catalytic rna molecules that specifically cleave a target rna molecule. herein, we report the design, synthesis, and in vitro analysis of a hammerhead ribozyme targeted to the infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) nucleocapsid mrna. at a concentration of 0.5 or 10 microm, the ribozyme, designated ibv-n-rz, effectively cleaved target rnas in trans (37 c, 10 mm mgcl2, 50 mm tris). cleavage products were visualized by agarose gel analysis. the time course of the ribozyme reacti ... | 2005 | 15839432 |
| transcriptional analysis of avian embryonic tissues following infection with avian infectious bronchitis virus. | avian infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) infection is one of the major viral respiratory diseases of chickens. better understanding of the molecular basis of viral pathogenesis should contribute significantly towards the development of improved prophylactic, therapeutic and diagnostic reagents to control infections. in the present investigation, transcriptional profiles were analyzed by using rna recovered from the lung tissue of ibv infected 18-day-old chicken embryos at 6, 24, 48 and 72 h post ... | 2005 | 15845254 |
| effects of cold storage on detection of avian infectious bronchitis virus in chicken carcasses and local antibodies in tracheal washes. | in order to test the survivability of infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) in dead chicken carcasses during 24 h of cold storage, 7 week-old specific-pathogen-free chickens were infected with virulent ibv massachusetts strain m41, and were killed humanely 10 days later. carcasses were stored in a cold room at 4 degrees c. after 1, 3, 6, 9, 12 or 24 h of storage, necropsies were carried out. trachea, lung, kidney and rectum were collected for virus isolation by tracheal organ culture (toc) or embryo ... | 2005 | 15847923 |
| infectious bronchitis virus 3a protein localizes to a novel domain of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum. | all coronaviruses possess small open reading frames (orfs) between structural genes that have been hypothesized to play important roles in pathogenesis. infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) orf 3a is one such gene. it is highly conserved among group 3 coronaviruses, suggesting that it has an important function in infection. ibv 3a protein is expressed in infected cells but is not detected in virions. sequence analysis predicted that ibv 3a was a membrane protein; however, only a fraction behaved li ... | 2005 | 15857999 |
| identification of previously unknown antigenic epitopes on the s and n proteins of avian infectious bronchitis virus. | this paper describes mapping of antigenic and host-protective epitopes of infectious bronchitis virus proteins by assessing the ability of defined peptide regions within the s1, s2 and n proteins to elicit humoral, cell-mediated and protective immune responses. peptides corresponding to six regions in the s1 (sp1-sp6), one in the s2 (sp7) and four in the n protein (np1-np4) were synthesized and coupled to either diphtheria toxoid (dt) or biotin (bt). bt-peptides were used to assess if selected r ... | 2005 | 15868095 |
| characterization of monoclonal antibody against sars coronavirus nucleocapsid antigen and development of an antigen capture elisa. | this report describes the production of several mabs against n195 protein, a major immunodomain of sars cov nucleocapsid protein [he, q., chong, k.h., chang, h.h., leung, b., ling, a.e., wei, t., chan, s.w., ooi, e.e., kwang, j., 2004. development of a western blot assay for detection of antibodies against coronavirus causing severe acute respiratory syndrome. clin. diagn. lab. immunol. 11 (2) 417-422.]. one representative igg1 monoclonal antibody (mab), s-a5d5, was selected and characterized. s ... | 2005 | 15893565 |
| efficacy of live infectious bronchitis vaccines against a novel european genotype, italy 02. | | 2005 | 15894731 |
| potentiation of humoral immune responses to vaccine antigens by recombinant chicken il-18 (rchil-18). | mammalian interleukin-18 (il-18) is one of the pro-inflammatory cytokines involved in innate immune responses to microbial infection preceding the induction of both cellular and humoral immune responses. we assessed the potential of escherichia coli-expressed his-tag purified recombinant chicken il-18 (rhis-chil-18) as a potentiator of vaccine-induced immune responses in 3 week-old spf chickens and compared it with several commonly used traditional immunostimulating adjuvants. we found that rhis ... | 2005 | 15919141 |
| evidence of circulation of a chinese strain of infectious bronchitis virus (qxibv) in italy. | | 2005 | 15923564 |
| gene 5 of the avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus is not essential for replication. | the avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (ibv), like other coronaviruses, expresses several small nonstructural (ns) proteins in addition to those from gene 1 (replicase) and the structural proteins. these coronavirus ns genes differ both in number and in amino acid similarity between the coronavirus groups but show some concordance within a group or subgroup. the functions and requirements of the small ns gene products remain to be elucidated. with the advent of reverse genetics for co ... | 2005 | 15956552 |
| using dna shuffling to create novel infectious bronchitis virus s1 genes: implications for s1 gene recombination. | we employed the staggered extension process (step) to shuffle the s1 genes from four infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) strains representing four unique serotypes. upon creating a shuffled s1 gene library, we randomly selected 25 clones and analyzed them by dna sequencing. in total, eleven clones contained novel s1 gene recombinants. based on sequence data, each recombinant was unique and contained a full-length open reading frame. the average number of crossovers per recombinant was 5 and the av ... | 2005 | 15965603 |
| effects of dietary ratio of linoleic to linolenic acid on performance, antibody production, and in vitro lymphocyte proliferation in two strains of leghorn pullet chicks. | the effects of dietary ratio of linoleic acid to linolenic acid on performance, mitogenic lymphocyte proliferation, and antibody production were evaluated in leghorn pullets during a rigorous vaccination program. diets were supplemented with flaxseed and corn oil to achieve 4 dietary ratios of linoleic acid to linolenic acid [17:1 (control), 8:1, 4:1, or 2:1]. each diet was fed to hyline brown or w-36 pullets from 1 d to 16 wk of age. day-old pullets were randomly assigned to 8 replicate cages w ... | 2005 | 15971520 |
| the virion n protein of infectious bronchitis virus is more phosphorylated than the n protein from infected cell lysates. | because phosphorylation of the infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) nucleocapsid protein (n) may regulate its multiple roles in viral replication, the dynamics of n phosphorylation were examined. 32p-orthophosphate labeling and western blot analyses confirmed that n was the only viral protein that was phosphorylated. pulse labeling with 32p-orthophosphate indicated that the ibv n protein was phosphorylated in the virion, as well as at all times during infection in either chicken embryo kidney cells ... | 2005 | 15979680 |
| variations in the nucleocapsid protein gene of infectious bronchitis viruses isolated in korea. | fourteen infectious bronchitis viruses (ibvs) were isolated in korea between 2001 and 2003 from chickens suspected to be infected with ibvs. the nucleocapsid (n) protein genes of the various ibvs were amplified by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) and were cloned and sequenced, and the nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences were compared with published sequences for non-korean ibv strains. the korean ibv isolates shared amino acid sequence similarity of between 89.2% ... | 2005 | 16025240 |
| serological comparison of new zealand and european strains of infectious bronchitis virus in tracheal organ cultures. | | 1983 | 16030985 |
| growth of new zealand infectious bronchitis virus in cell cultures. | | 1984 | 16031088 |
| immunological relationship between the new zealand a and the australian t strains of infectious bronchitis virus as measured by cross-immunisation tests in tracheal organ cultures from immunised birds. | | 1991 | 16031634 |
| proposal for vaccination against sars coronavirus using avian infectious bronchitis virus strain h from the netherlands. | | 2005 | 16045996 |
| an atypical rna pseudoknot stimulator and an upstream attenuation signal for -1 ribosomal frameshifting of sars coronavirus. | the -1 ribosomal frameshifting requires the existence of an in cis rna slippery sequence and is promoted by a downstream stimulator rna. an atypical rna pseudoknot with an extra stem formed by complementary sequences within loop 2 of an h-type pseudoknot is characterized in the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars cov) genome. this pseudoknot can serve as an efficient stimulator for -1 frameshifting in vitro. mutational analysis of the extra stem suggests frameshift efficiency can ... | 2005 | 16055920 |
| development of a one-step strip test for the diagnosis of chicken infectious bursal disease. | a rapid diagnostic strip for chicken infectious bursal disease (ibd) was developed based on membrane chromatography using high-affinity monoclonal antibodies directed to chicken infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv). the diagnostic strip has high specificity for detection of chicken ibdv antigen and recognizes a variety of the virus isolates, including virulent and attenuated strains, with no cross-reactivity to other viruses, such as newcastle disease virus, marek's disease virus, infectious b ... | 2005 | 16094819 |
| selection of and recombination between minor variants lead to the adaptation of an avian coronavirus to primate cells. | an interesting question posed by the current evidence that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus may be originated from an animal coronavirus is how such an animal coronavirus breaks the host species barrier and becomes zoonotic. in this report, we study the chronological order of genotypic changes in the spike protein of avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) during its adaptation to a primate cell line. adaptation of the beaudette strain of ibv from chicken embryo to vero ... | 2005 | 16137658 |
| differential detection of turkey coronavirus, infectious bronchitis virus, and bovine coronavirus by a multiplex polymerase chain reaction. | the objective of the present study was to develop a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (pcr) method for differential detection of turkey coronavirus (tcov), infectious bronchitis coronavirus (ibv), and bovine coronavirus (bcov). primers were designed from conserved or variable regions of nucleocapsid (n) or spike (s) protein gene among tcov, ibv, and bcov and used in the same pcr reaction. reverse transcription followed by the pcr reaction was used to amplify a portion of n or s gene of the cor ... | 2006 | 16137773 |
| genetic variation in major histocompatibility complex class i alpha2 gene among broilers divergently selected for high or low early antibody response to escherichia coli. | the mhc genes have a profound effect on animal abilities to respond to specific antigens because they play a role in presenting foreign antigens to t cells during the course of the humoral or cellular immune response. in the current study, polymorphism in the mhc class i alpha2 domain was compared in 2 lines divergently selected for high (hh) or low (ll) antibody response to escherichia coli vaccine. these lines also differ markedly in their antibody response to natural e. coli exposure and to v ... | 2005 | 16156203 |
| evaluation of serum- and animal protein-free media for the production of infectious bronchitis virus (m41) strain in a continuous cell line. | infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) is produced in vitro using specific pathogen free chicken embryos, primary chicken kidney cells (ckc) and/or tracheal organ culture (toc). regulatory authorities in europe (emea) and in the united states (fda) have encouraged biological manufactures to reduce or eliminate the use of live animals and/or products of animal origin in biological manufacturing processes. in this paper, a stable chicken embryo-related (cer) cell line was adapted and maintained in seru ... | 2005 | 16186991 |
| s1 gene characteristics and efficacy of vaccination against infectious bronchitis virus field isolates from the united states and israel (1996 to 2000). | the s1 genes of isolates of avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) from commercial chickens in the us and israel (20 isolates from each country) were studied using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism and sequencing. partial sequences spanning the amino terminus region of s1 from amino acid residues 48 to 219, based on the beaudette strain, were used for analysis. phylogenetic clustering and high-sequence identity values were used ... | 2005 | 16191702 |
| a comparison of methods of inducing lachrymation and tear collection in chickens for detection of virus-specific immuoglobulins after infection with infectious bronchitis virus. | four-week-old specific-pathogen-free chickens were infected with virulent infectious bronchitis virus massachusetts strain m41 via the ocular-nasal route. at weekly intervals up to 3 weeks post-infection, excess lachrymation was induced either by placing sodium chloride (salt) crystals on the eyes or by intramuscular injection of carbachol. tears were collected using micropipettes or on filter paper. levels of virus-specific immunoglobulin (ig)a and igg were similar, irrespective of the method o ... | 2005 | 16191709 |
| detection of infectious bronchitis virus and specific anti- viral antibodies using a concanavalin a-sandwich-elisa. | concanavalin a-sandwich elisa (con a-s-elisa) was developed for the detection of infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) or chicken specific anti-viral antibodies. the antigen detection limit for the con a-s-elisa was 10(5,1) eid(50)/ml. three homologous and four heterologous ibv strains were similarly detected. this assay was highly effective in detecting the virus after infected tissue homogenates were passed once in embryonated chicken eggs, showing a good agreement with virus isolation technique. ... | 2005 | 16212536 |
| contribution of trafficking signals in the cytoplasmic tail of the infectious bronchitis virus spike protein to virus infection. | coronavirus spike (s) proteins are responsible for binding and fusion with target cells and thus play an essential role in virus infection. recently, we identified a dilysine endoplasmic reticulum (er) retrieval signal and a tyrosine-based endocytosis signal in the cytoplasmic tail of the s protein of infectious bronchitis virus (ibv). here, an infectious cdna clone of ibv was used to address the importance of the s protein trafficking signals to virus infection. we constructed infectious cdna c ... | 2005 | 16227244 |
| development of attenuated vaccines from taiwanese infectious bronchitis virus strains. | due to variations in serotypes among different strains of avian infectious bronchitis viruses (ibv), vaccination of chicks with imported vaccines fails to protect them from ibv infections in taiwan. therefore, we develop attenuated vaccines from local strains in taiwan. a taiwan group i (tw i) strain was passaged 74 times through specific pathogen-free (spf) chicken embryonated eggs, and then tested in spf chickens. the attenuated vaccine was not pathogenic in 1-week-old chicks, had a neutraliza ... | 2006 | 16239054 |
| reproduction of proventriculitis in commercial and specific-pathogen-free broiler chickens. | proventriculitis was studied by experimentally reproducing the disease in broiler chickens. one-day-old infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) and infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) antibody positive commercial broilers and 1-day-old antibody negative specific-pathogen-free (spf) broilers were orally gavaged with proventricular homogenates produced from the proventriculi of broilers with proventriculitis. at 7 and 14 days, both commercial and spf broilers had enlargement of the proventriculus wit ... | 2005 | 16252487 |
| differential localization and turnover of infectious bronchitis virus 3b protein in mammalian versus avian cells. | infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) 3b protein is highly conserved among group 3 coronaviruses, suggesting that it is important for infection. a previous report (virology 2003, 311:16-27) indicated that transfected ibv 3b localized to the nucleus in mammalian cells using a vaccinia-virus expression system. although we confirmed these findings, we observed cytoplasmic localization of ibv 3b with apparent exclusion from the nucleus in avian cells (ibv normally infects chickens). ibv 3b was virtually ... | 2006 | 16298409 |
| development of a quantitative light cycler real-time rt-pcr for detection of avian reovirus. | a robust, ultrasensitive, and accurate quantitative assay was developed for avian reovirus (arv) with the light cycler sybr green-based real-time reverse transcription-pcr (real-time lc rt-pcr). the assay exhibited high specificity as all negative controls and other avian pathogens, such as newcastle disease virus (ndv), infectious bronchitis virus (ibv), infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv), avian influenza virus (aiv), and mycoplasma synovia (ms), failed to show any positive detection. a min ... | 2006 | 16300834 |
| rapid detection and characterisation of infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) from new zealand using rt-pcr and sequence analysis. | to develop a reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) assay to detect infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) from commercially-raised poultry in new zealand and compare results with those from virus isolation. to characterise the ibv isolates using sequence analysis. | 2005 | 16317448 |
| the nucleocapsid protein of coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus: crystal structure of its n-terminal domain and multimerization properties. | the coronavirus nucleocapsid (n) protein packages viral genomic rna into a ribonucleoprotein complex. interactions between n proteins and rna are thus crucial for the assembly of infectious virus particles. the 45 kda recombinant nucleocapsid n protein of coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) is highly sensitive to proteolysis. we obtained a stable fragment of 14.7 kda spanning its n-terminal residues 29-160 (ibv-n29-160). like the n-terminal rna binding domain (sars-n45-181) of the seve ... | 2005 | 16338414 |
| neither the rna nor the proteins of open reading frames 3a and 3b of the coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus are essential for replication. | gene 3 of infectious bronchitis virus is tricistronic; open reading frames (orfs) 3a and 3b encode two small nonstructural (ns) proteins, 3a and 3b, of unknown function, and a third, structural protein e, is encoded by orf 3c. to determine if either the 3a or the 3b protein is required for replication, we first modified their translation initiation codons to prevent translation of the 3a and 3b proteins from recombinant infectious bronchitis viruses (ribvs). replication in primary chick kidney ( ... | 2006 | 16352554 |
| genetic diversity of avian infectious bronchitis coronavirus strains isolated in china between 1995 and 2004. | twenty-six avian infectious bronchitis (ib) viruses (ibv) were isolated from outbreaks in chickens in china between 1995 and 2004. they were characterized by comparison with twenty-six chinese reference strains and five other ibv strains. chinese ibvs, which were mainly nephropathogenic, were placed into seven genotypes. fourteen chinese ibv isolates were placed in genotype i, having small evolutionary distances from each other. genotype ii included 6 strains that were isolated in the 1990s in c ... | 2006 | 16397751 |
| molecular characterization of avian infectious bronchitis virus strains isolated in colombia during 2003. | sixteen infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) isolates were recovered from broilers and layers from five geographic poultry regions in colombia. the viruses were isolated from tracheas, lungs, and cecal tonsils of birds, previously vaccinated with the massachusetts strain, that were showing respiratory signs. further analysis of the ibv isolates was achieved by phylogenetic analysis comparing their deduced amino acid sequences in the hypervariable region 1 of the s1 gene with reference strains. four ... | 2005 | 16404989 |
| effect of ibv-h120 vaccination in broilers on colibacillosis susceptibility after infection with a virulent massachusetts-type ibv strain. | vaccination against infectious bronchitis (ib) is aimed to protect against clinical ib. the question is, however, whether vaccinated birds are also protected against predisposure for colibacillosis after a subsequent ibv infection. we examined this research question in four experiments. one-day-old commercial broilers, housed in isolators, were vaccinated with ib vaccine strain h120 by coarse spray or ocularly. twenty-eight days after vaccination, broilers were challenged with the virulent ibv s ... | 2005 | 16404996 |
| data from 11 years of molecular typing infectious bronchitis virus field isolates. | in 1993, a new molecular typing method for infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) was introduced. this method uses reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) analysis of the spike gene to obtain rflp patterns that correlate with serotype. using that test at the poultry diagnostic and research center (pdrc, university of georgia, athens, ga), we have identified a total of 1523 ibv isolates in the past 11 yr. the data were obtained from ... | 2005 | 16405010 |
| murine encephalitis caused by hcov-oc43, a human coronavirus with broad species specificity, is partly immune-mediated. | the human coronavirus hcov-oc43 causes a significant fraction of upper respiratory tract infections. most coronaviruses show a strong species specificity, although the sars-coronavirus crossed species from palm civet cats to infect humans. similarly, hcov-oc43, likely a member of the same coronavirus group as sars-cov, readily crossed the species barrier as evidenced by its rapid adaptation to the murine brain [mcintosh, k., becker, w.b., chanock, r.m., 1967. growth in suckling-mouse brain of "i ... | 2006 | 16413043 |
| typing infectious bronchitis virus strains using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis to compare the 3' 7.5 kb of their genomes. | typing infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) strains is useful for implementation of control measures and for understanding the epidemiology and evolution of ibv. the aim of the work reported here was to develop a rapid and sensitive method for typing isolates of ibv, if possible directly from tissues of infected birds. a procedure was developed for differentiation of ibv strains by restriction endonuclease fragment length polymorphism (rflp) analysis of a 7.5 kb dna fragment amplified from their ge ... | 2006 | 16448945 |
| oral immunoadjuvant activity of lactobacillus casei subsp. casei in dextran-fed layer chickens. | we recently reported that synbiotic lactobacillus casei subsp. casei together with specific substrate dextran elicited an enhancement in humoral immune response against bovine serum albumin (bsa) as a model antigen in balb/c mice. the present study was designed to evaluate the oral immunoadjuvant effects of the synbiotic in layer chickens. using a pcr assay, l. casei subsp. casei was detected specifically in the intestinal chyme of chickens (10 d of age, julia strain) fed ad libitum on a diet su ... | 2006 | 16469163 |
| comparison of 3'-end encoding regions of turkey coronavirus isolates from indiana, north carolina, and minnesota with chicken infectious bronchitis coronavirus strains. | to analyze the 3'-end structural protein-encoding region of turkey coronavirus (tcov) isolates associated with outbreaks of acute enteritis in indiana, north carolina, or minnesota. | 2006 | 16491018 |
| rapid differentiation of current infectious bronchitis virus vaccine strains and field isolates in australia. | rapid differentiation of vaccine strains of infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) from wild type strains would enhance investigations of disease outbreaks. this study aimed to develop a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) assay to differentiate between australian vaccine strains of ibv and field isolates. | 2006 | 16498838 |
| isolation of a variant infectious bronchitis virus in australia that further illustrates diversity among emerging strains. | australian infectious bronchitis viruses (ibv) have undergone a separate evolution due to geographic isolation. consequently, changes occurring in australian ibv illustrate, independently from other countries, types of variability that could occur in emerging ibv strains. previously, we have identified two distinct genetic groups of ibv, designated subgroups 1 and 2. ibv strains of subgroup 1 have s1 and n proteins that share a high degree of amino acid identity, 81 to 98% in s1 and 91 to 99% in ... | 2006 | 16501892 |
| detection and identification of avian, duck, and goose reoviruses by rt-pcr: goose and duck reoviruses are part of the same genogroup in the genus orthoreovirus. | a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) procedure for the detection of avian, duck, and goose reovirus (arv, drv, and grv) rna from cell culture supernatant and clinical samples was established. based on multiple sequence alignment, a pair of degenerate primers was selected and synthesized. the amplified, cloned, and sequenced 598-base-pair products from the sigmaa-encoding gene fragment from 16 isolates (ranging over 30 years) indicated that the primer regions were well conse ... | 2006 | 16502280 |
| [biological properties of the chick infectious bronchitis virus isolated in russia]. | a field chick infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) was isolated from the pathological material on chick embryos. the nucleotide sequence of the s1 gene was determined and comparatively analyzed with some sequences of this gene of foreign and russian vaccine strains and isolates. a cross-neutralization test using sera to various ibv seroptypes was performed. the isolate was shown to antigenically differ from the reference strains. bioassay was carried out, by using one-day chicks and the immunogenic ... | 2006 | 16515044 |
| evaluation of the health of free-ranging greater rheas (rhea americana) in argentina. | the health of 22 free-ranging adult rheas (rhea americana) examined and sampled during a translocation/reintroduction project and six juvenile rheas kept in semicaptivity was investigated, and details of their haematology and plasma biochemistry are presented. serological testing for antibodies to infectious agents was negative for infectious laryngotracheitis, avian adenovirus, avian influenza, avian reovirus, infectious bursal disease, infectious bronchitis virus, paramyxovirus types 1, 2, and ... | 2006 | 16517822 |
| coronaviruses in poultry and other birds. | the number of avian species in which coronaviruses have been detected has doubled in the past couple of years. while the coronaviruses in these species have all been in coronavirus group 3, as for the better known coronaviruses of the domestic fowl (infectious bronchitis virus [ibv], in gallus gallus), turkey (meleagris gallopavo) and pheasant (phasianus colchicus), there is experimental evidence to suggest that birds are not limited to infection with group 3 coronaviruses. in china coronaviruse ... | 2005 | 16537157 |
| the avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus undergoes direct low-ph-dependent fusion activation during entry into host cells. | coronaviruses are the causative agents of respiratory disease in humans and animals, including severe acute respiratory syndrome. fusion of coronaviruses is generally thought to occur at neutral ph, although there is also evidence for a role of acidic endosomes during entry of a variety of coronaviruses. therefore, the molecular basis of coronavirus fusion during entry into host cells remains incompletely defined. here, we examined coronavirus-cell fusion and entry employing the avian coronaviru ... | 2006 | 16537586 |
| evolutionary implications of avian infectious bronchitis virus (aibv) analysis. | for developing efficient vaccines, it is essential to identify which amino acid changes are most important to the survival of the virus. we investigate the amino acid substitution features in the avian infectious bronchitis virus (aibv) antigenic domain of a vaccine serotype (de072) and a virulent viral strain (ga98) to better understand adaptive evolution of aibv. in addition, the sars coronavirus (sars-cov) was also analyzed in the same way. it is interesting to find that extreme comparability ... | 2006 | 16541132 |
| demonstration of an interference phenomenon associated with infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) of chickens. | | 1949 | 16561757 |
| cell cycle perturbations induced by infection with the coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus and their effect on virus replication. | in eukaryotic cells, cell growth and division occur in a stepwise, orderly fashion described by a process known as the cell cycle. the relationship between positive-strand rna viruses and the cell cycle and the concomitant effects on virus replication are not clearly understood. we have shown that infection of asynchronously replicating and synchronized replicating cells with the avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (ibv), a positive-strand rna virus, resulted in the accumulation of inf ... | 2006 | 16571830 |
| antigenic and molecular characterization of isolates of the italy 02 infectious bronchitis virus genotype. | as part of an epidemiological surveillance of infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) in spain, four spanish field isolates showed high s1 spike sequence similarities with an ibv sequence from the genbank database named italy 02. given that little was known about this new emergent ibv strain we have characterized the four isolates by sequencing the entire s1 part of the spike protein gene and have compared them with many reference ibv serotypes. in addition, cross-virus neutralization assays were cond ... | 2006 | 16595297 |
| isolation of a coronavirus from a green-cheeked amazon parrot (amazon viridigenalis cassin). | a virus (av71/99) was isolated from a green-cheeked amazon parrot by propagation and passage in both primary embryo liver cells derived from blue and yellow macaw (ara ararauna) embryos and chicken embryo liver cells. electron microscopic examination of cytopathic agents derived from both types of cell cultures suggested that it was a coronavirus. this was confirmed using a pan-coronavirus reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction that amplified part of gene 1 that encodes the rna-dependen ... | 2006 | 16595304 |
| infectious bronchitis virus s1 gene sequence comparison is a better predictor of challenge of immunity in chickens than serotyping by virus neutralization. | five strains of infectious bronchitis virus isolated from commercial chickens from the state of pennsylvania, usa during the years 1998 and 1999 were studied. the strains were selected for cross-challenge in specific pathogen free chickens and virus neutralization in chick embryos on the basis of partial s1 sequence amino acid identity values. the partial sequences analysed spanned the hypervariable amino terminus region of s1 from amino acid residues 48 to 219, based on the beaudette strain. us ... | 2006 | 16595305 |
| sialic acid is a receptor determinant for infection of cells by avian infectious bronchitis virus. | the importance of sialic acid for infection by avian infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) has been analysed. neuraminidase treatment rendered vero, baby hamster kidney and primary chicken kidney cells resistant to infection by the ibv-beaudette strain. sialic acid-dependent infection was also observed with strain m41 of ibv, which infects primary chicken kidney cells but not cells from other species. in comparison with influenza a virus and sendai virus, ibv was most sensitive to pre-treatment of c ... | 2006 | 16603523 |
| determination of the effective dose of the live mycoplasma synoviae vaccine, vaxsafe ms (strain ms-h) by protection against experimental challenge. | the minimum effective dose of the mycoplasma synoviae-h (ms-h) vaccine was determined through protection against experimental challenge. chickens were vaccinated by eyedrop with the following doses of a vaccine: 1.2 x 10(5), 2.4 x 10(5) 4.8 x 10(5), 9.6 x 10(5), 1.92 x 10(6), and 3.84 x 10(6) color change units (ccu), then challenged 6 wk after vaccination. rapid serum agglutination results indicated that 100% of birds receiving an ms-h dose of > or = 4.8 x 10(5) ccu had antibodies to ms and enz ... | 2006 | 16617988 |
| detection of antibodies to avian infectious bronchitis virus by a recombinant nucleocapsid protein-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. | the recombinant antigen obtained by cloning and expressing two ibv nucleocapsid protein fragments (143-414 aa, 281-414 aa) in escherichia coli was used for the detection of avian infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) specific antibodies in chicken sera by the indirect elisa (rnpibv-elisa). as a result of testing 1524 serum samples the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of rnpibv-elisa when comparing those of the routine whole ibv elisa have been shown to be 93.81% and 87.36%, respectively. the a ... | 2006 | 16675032 |
| structure- and oil type-based efficacy of emulsion adjuvants. | oil-based emulsions are well-known immunopotentiators for inactivated, "killed" vaccines. we addressed the relationship between emulsion structure and levels of in vivo antibody formation to inactivated new castle disease virus (ndv) and infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) as antigens in 3-week-old chickens. the use of a polymeric emulsifier allowed for direct comparison of three types of emulsions, water-in-oil (w/o), oil-in-water (o/w) and w/o-in-water (w/o/w), while maintaining an identical con ... | 2006 | 16675072 |
| biochemical evidence for the presence of mixed membrane topologies of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus envelope protein expressed in mammalian cells. | coronavirus envelope (e) protein is a small integral membrane protein with multi-functions in virion assembly, morphogenesis and virus-host interaction. different coronavirus e proteins share striking similarities in biochemical properties and biological functions, but seem to adopt distinct membrane topology. in this report, we study the membrane topology of the sars-cov e protein by immunofluorescent staining of cells differentially permeabilized with detergents and proteinase k protection ass ... | 2006 | 16684538 |
| identification of one peptide which inhibited infectivity of avian infectious bronchitis virus in vitro. | purified avian infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) was used to screen a random phage display peptide library. after the fourth panning, 10 positive phages were sequenced and characterized. the phages specifically inhibited ibv infectivity in hela cells and blocked ibv haemagglutination. one linear peptide "gsh hrh vhs pfv" from the positive phages with the highest neutralization titer was synthesized and this peptide inhibited ibv infection in hela as well. the results may contribute to developmen ... | 2006 | 16704119 |
| delineation and modelling of a nucleolar retention signal in the coronavirus nucleocapsid protein. | unlike nuclear localization signals, there is no obvious consensus sequence for the targeting of proteins to the nucleolus. the nucleolus is a dynamic subnuclear structure which is crucial to the normal operation of the eukaryotic cell. studying nucleolar trafficking signals is problematic as many nucleolar retention signals (norss) are part of classical nuclear localization signals (nlss). in addition, there is no known consensus signal with which to inform a study. the avian infectious bronchi ... | 2006 | 16734668 |
| reciprocal antibody and complement responses of two chicken breeds to vaccine strains of newcastle disease virus, infectious bursal disease virus and infectious bronchitis virus. | serum antibody responses and haemolytic complement activity were evaluated in white leghorn (wlh) and rhode island red (rir) chickens that were vaccinated with live-attenuated vaccines of newcastle disease virus, or infectious bronchitis virus, or infectious bursal disease virus by means of ocular challenge at 10 times the normal vaccination dose. complement titres in non-vaccinated birds were significantly higher in wlh birds compared to rir birds. the lentogenic viral infection resulted in an ... | 2006 | 16755366 |
| new variant of ibv in poland. | | 2006 | 16766733 |
| x-ray structures of the n- and c-terminal domains of a coronavirus nucleocapsid protein: implications for nucleocapsid formation. | coronaviruses cause a variety of respiratory and enteric diseases in animals and humans including severe acute respiratory syndrome. in these enveloped viruses, the filamentous nucleocapsid is formed by the association of nucleocapsid (n) protein with single-stranded viral rna. the n protein is a highly immunogenic phosphoprotein also implicated in viral genome replication and in modulating cell signaling pathways. we describe the structure of the two proteolytically resistant domains of the n p ... | 2006 | 16775348 |
| hexamethylene amiloride blocks e protein ion channels and inhibits coronavirus replication. | all coronaviruses encode a small hydrophobic envelope (e) protein, which mediates viral assembly and morphogenesis by an unknown mechanism. we have previously shown that the e protein from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov) forms cation-selective ion channels in planar lipid bilayers (wilson, l., mckinlay, c., gage, p., ewart, g., 2004. sars coronavirus e protein forms cation-selective ion channels. virology 330(1), 322-331). we now report that three other e proteins also f ... | 2006 | 16815524 |
| changes in nucleolar morphology and proteins during infection with the coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus. | the nucleolus is a dynamic subnuclear structure involved in ribosome subunit biogenesis, cell cycle control and mediating responses to cell stress, among other functions. while many different viruses target proteins to the nucleolus and recruit nucleolar proteins to facilitate virus replication, the effect of infection on the nucleolus in terms of morphology and protein content is unknown. previously we have shown that the coronavirus nucleocapsid protein will localize to the nucleolus. in this ... | 2006 | 16819967 |
| safety and efficacy of an infectious bronchitis virus used for chicken embryo vaccination. | commercial vaccines for in ovo vaccination have not yet been developed for infectious bronchitis virus (ibv), the major coronavirus in the poultry industry. recombinant ibvs based on the beaudette strain expressing the beaudette spike protein (beau-r) or that from the virulent m41 strain (beaur-m41(s)) were assessed for their potential as prototype vaccines for application to 18-day-old embryos. pathogenicity was assessed by observing the effect on hatchability, and/or the production of nasal di ... | 2006 | 16860445 |
| seroprevalence of avian influenza virus, infectious bronchitis virus, reovirus, avian pneumovirus, infectious laryngotracheitis virus, and avian leukosis virus in nigerian poultry. | eight poultry farms in nigeria, including chickens from nine breeder, 14 broiler, 28 pullet, 11 layer, and three cockerel flocks, were tested for antibody seroprevalence to the following poultry viruses of potential economic importance: infectious bronchitis virus (ibv), avian reovirus, avian pneumovirus (apv), infectious laryngotracheitis virus (iltv), avian influenza virus (aiv), and avian leukosis virus (alv). serum samples were collected between 1999 and 2004 and were tested for antibodies u ... | 2006 | 16863071 |
| detection of massachusetts and arkansas serotypes of infectious bronchitis virus in broilers. | the objective of this study was to compare the presence of the arkansas (ark) and massachusetts (mass) serotypes of infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) in the tracheas and cecal tonsils of commercial broilers after vaccination at 1 day of age by coarse spray. when given as a single serotype vaccine, the mass strain was detected by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr)-restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) only in the tracheas, whereas the ark strain was detected in bot ... | 2006 | 16863085 |
| maternal antibody transfer from dams to their egg yolks, egg whites, and chicks in meat lines of chickens. | maternal antibodies are transferred from hens to the chicks via the egg. to gain insight into maternal antibody transfer and endogenous production of antibodies in broiler chicks, total igy, iga, igm, as well as anti-newcastle disease virus (ndv) and anti-infectious bronchitis (ibv) antibody levels were examined in the dams' plasma, egg yolks, egg whites, and chicks' plasma on d 3, 7, 14, and 21. blood was collected from 39-wk-old breeder hens (line 1, n = 17; line 2, n = 21). fertile eggs were ... | 2006 | 16903465 |
| serological survey of the infectious disease status of old english game fowl in the lower north island, new zealand. | to investigate the serological status of old english game (oeg) cockerels for a range of infectious diseases of poultry. | 2006 | 16915341 |
| genotypic and phenotypic characterization of the california 99 (cal99) variant of infectious bronchitis virus. | the california 99 (cal99) variant of infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) was first recovered in 1999 from vaccinated broiler chicken flocks in central california. the s1 hypervariable region of cal99 genome was most closely related to arkansas (ark) serotype viruses. in this study, the complete genome of cal99 was sequenced, and the structural protein genes were compared with those of commonly used ibv vaccines as well as those of isolates from naturally occurring outbreaks in different parts of t ... | 2007 | 16927130 |
| development and evaluation of a real-time taqman rt-pcr assay for the detection of infectious bronchitis virus from infected chickens. | it is important to rapidly differentiate infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) from disease agents like highly pathogenic avian influenza virus and exotic newcastle disease virus, which can be extremely similar in the early stages of their pathogenesis. in this study, we report the development and testing of a real-time rt-pcr assay using a taqman-labeled probe for early and rapid detection of ibv. the assay amplifies a 143-bp product in the 5'-utr of the ibv genome and has a limit of detection and ... | 2006 | 16934878 |
| sybr green real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assay for the generic detection of coronaviruses. | coronaviruses are etiologic agents of respiratory and enteric diseases in humans and in animals. in this study, a one-step real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) assay based on sybr green chemistry and degenerate primers was developed for the generic detection of coronaviruses. the primers, designed in the open reading frame 1b, enabled the detection of 32 animal coronaviruses including strains of canine coronavirus, feline coronavirus, transmissible gastroenteritis v ... | 2007 | 16941059 |
| new genotype of infectious bronchitis virus in chickens in scotland. | | 2006 | 16946315 |
| isolation and characterization of a coronavirus from pigeons with pancreatitis. | to identify and partially characterize a coronaviruslike virus isolated from naturally infected pigeons. | 2006 | 16948604 |
| comparison of sybr green i, elisa and conventional agarose gel-based pcr in the detection of infectious bursal disease virus. | the current available molecular method to detect infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) is by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr). however, the conventional pcr is time consuming, prone to error and less sensitive. in this study, the performances of sybr green i real-time pcr, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and conventional agarose detection methods in detecting specific ibdv pcr products were compared. we found the real-time pcr was at least 10 times more sensiti ... | 2008 | 16971101 |
| amino acid residues critical for rna-binding in the n-terminal domain of the nucleocapsid protein are essential determinants for the infectivity of coronavirus in cultured cells. | the n-terminal domain of the coronavirus nucleocapsid (n) protein adopts a fold resembling a right hand with a flexible, positively charged beta-hairpin and a hydrophobic palm. this domain was shown to interact with the genomic rna for coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov). based on its 3d structure, we used site-directed mutagenesis to identify residues essential for the rna-binding activity of the ibv n protein and viral infe ... | 2006 | 16971454 |
| effects of feeding grains naturally contaminated with fusarium mycotoxins on performance and metabolism of broiler breeders. | a study was conducted to investigate the effects of feeding grains naturally contaminated with fusarium mycotoxins on performance and metabolism of broiler breeders. forty-two 26-wk-old broiler breeder hens and nine 26-wk-old roosters were fed the following diets: (1) control, (2) contaminated grains, and (3) contaminated grains + 0.2% polymeric glucomannan mycotoxin adsorbent (gma) for 12 wk. the major contaminant was deoxynivalenol (12.6 mg/kg of feed), with lesser amounts of zearalenone and 1 ... | 2006 | 16977839 |
| an arginine-to-proline mutation in a domain with undefined functions within the helicase protein (nsp13) is lethal to the coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus in cultured cells. | genetic manipulation of the rna genomes by reverse genetics is a powerful tool to study the molecular biology and pathogenesis of rna viruses. during construction of an infectious clone from a vero cell-adapted coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (ibv), we found that a g-c point mutation at nucleotide position 15526, causing arg-to-pro mutation at amino acid position 132 of the helicase protein, is lethal to the infectivity of ibv on vero cells. when the in vitro-synthesized full-length tran ... | 2007 | 16979681 |
| s1 gene sequence analysis of a nephropathogenic strain of avian infectious bronchitis virus in egypt. | infectious bronchitis is highly contagious and constitutes one of the most common and difficult poultry diseases to control. ibv is endemic in probably all countries that raise chickens. it exists as dozens of serotypes/genotypes. only a few amino acid differences in the s1 protein of vaccine and challenge strains of ibv may result in poor protection. tropism of ibv includes the respiratory tract tissues, proventriculus and caecal tonsils of the alimentary tract, the oviduct and the kidney. | 2006 | 16987422 |
| influenza b viruses isolated in uruguay during the 2002-2005 seasons: genetic relations and vaccine strain match. | monitoring antigenic and genetic variations of circulating influenza viruses is critical for the selection of annual vaccine strains. in order to gain insight into the molecular evolution of influenza b viruses (ibv) isolated in uruguay in 2002 and 2005 outbreaks, antigenic and phylogenetic studies were carried out for the hemagglutinin (ha) gene. antigenic relations among uruguayan and reference strains isolated elsewhere were performed by means of hemagglutination inhibition assays (hai). gene ... | 2007 | 16987563 |
| molecular epizootiology of avian infectious bronchitis in russia. | molecular characterization of infectious bronchitis viruses (ibvs) isolated between 1998 and 2002 from chickens in russia was performed. more than 250 field samples were tested by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction using two sets of primers corresponding to the most conserved 3'-untranslated region and the most variable s1 gene region of the viral genome. ninety-one ibv isolates were characterized by phylogenetic analysis of the s1 gene hypervariable region comprising 136 to 558 nuc ... | 2006 | 16990148 |
| infectious bronchitis virus: s1 gene characteristics of vaccines used in china and efficacy of vaccination against heterologous strains from china. | the entire s1 protein genes of eight infectious bronchitis (ib) vaccine strains used in china were compared with those of the ib virus isolates present in the field in china. the nucleotide and amino acid similarities between the eight ib vaccine strains and the field strain, tl/ch/ldt3/03, which was isolated from a teal (anas sp.), were not more than 81.1% and 79.2%, respectively. phylogenetic analysis based on the s1 genes showed that the vaccines and field strains belonged to different cluste ... | 2006 | 16990149 |
| transcriptional regulation of rna3 of infectious bronchitis virus. | | 2006 | 17037515 |
| expression and structural analysis of infectious bronchitis virus nucleoprotein. | | 2006 | 17037519 |
| the transmembrane domain of the infectious bronchitis virus e protein is required for efficient virus release. | | 2006 | 17037529 |
| fluorescence dequenching assays of coronavirus fusion. | | 2006 | 17037536 |
| avian infectious bronchitis virus enters cells via the endocytic pathway. | | 2006 | 17037550 |
| three-dimensional reconstruction of the nucleolus using meta-confocal microscopy in cells expressing the coronavirus nucleoprotein. | | 2006 | 17037551 |
| infectious bronchitis coronavirus induces cell-cycle perturbations. | | 2006 | 17037559 |
| genes 3 and 5 of infectious bronchitis virus are accessory protein genes. | | 2006 | 17037560 |
| phylogenetic analysis of partial s1 and n gene sequences of infectious bronchitis virus isolates from italy revealed genetic diversity and recombination. | a total of ten infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) isolates collected from commercial chickens in italy in 1999 were characterized by rt-pcr and sequencing of the s1 and n genes. phylogenetic analysis based on partial s1 gene sequences showed that five field viruses clustered together with 793/b-type strains, having 91.3-98.5% nucleotide identity within the group, and one isolate had very close sequence relationship (94.6% identity) with 624/i strain. these two ibv types have been identified in it ... | 2007 | 17043759 |