| [risk and economics of disease introduction to dairy farms]. | a more closed farming system will enhance the success of disease eradication programmes, because the introduction or re-introduction of infectious diseases is less likely. the objective of the study was to obtain input for the development of an on-farm decision support model to calculate the economic consequences of a more closed farming system. the input was based on bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv1), since there were numerous data on this disease, but a more closed farming system will prevent introd ... | 2001 | 11436606 |
| mucosal disease induced in cattle persistently infected with bovine viral diarrhea virus by antigenically different cytopathic virus. | four cattle persistently infected with non-cytopathic (ncp) bovine viral diarrhea (bvd) virus were challenged with cytopathic (cp) bvd virus that was antigenically different from the persistent virus. two of the animals were injected with dexamethasone (dm) and then challenged. they developed mucosal disease on days 21 and 33 post-challenge. cp-bvd viruses were isolated from their lymph nodes but not from the sera. the isolates were antigenically different from the persistent virus and the nucle ... | 2001 | 11448036 |
| a bayesian approach to estimating the performance of a bovine virus diarrhoea virus (bvdv) antibody elisa bulk-tank milk test. | we investigated the operational performance (sensitivity and specificity) of a bovine virus diarrhoea virus (bvdv) antibody elisa bulk-tank milk test for predicting the herd bvdv antibody status in young stock (as a relatively precise indicator of active bvdv infection). the study was based on results from the annual screenings under the norwegian bovine virus diarrhoea (bvd) control and eradication program, lasting from 1993 to 1997. empirical information from these annual screenings was the ba ... | 2001 | 11448496 |
| relationship between degree of viremia and disease manifestation in calves with experimentally induced bovine viral diarrhea virus infection. | to compare degree of viremia and disease manifestations in calves with type-i and -ii bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) infection. | 2001 | 11453486 |
| cytokine adjuvancy of bvdv dna vaccine enhances both humoral and cellular immune responses in mice. | the effect of cytokine adjuvancy on a bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) dna vaccine expressing the major glycoprotein e2 was investigated in mice. murine interleukin-2 (il-2) and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (gm-csf) were chosen for their potential ability to enhance the humoral and cellular immune responses involved in protection against bvdv. both cytokines, co-administered as separate plasmid constructs, had a marked effect on elisa and neutralising antibody titres, impr ... | 2001 | 11457549 |
| establishment of persistent infection with non-cytopathic bovine viral diarrhoea virus in cattle is associated with a failure to induce type i interferon. | the establishment of persistent infections with non-cytopathic bovine virus diarrhoea virus (ncpbvdv) is crucial for the maintenance of bvdv in cattle populations. also, super-infection of persistently infected individuals with antigenically homologous cytopathic bvdv (cpbvdv) results in fatal mucosal disease. persistent infection with ncpbvdv is established by infection of the foetus during the first trimester of pregnancy. it has been shown previously that foetal infection with cpbvdv does not ... | 2001 | 11457995 |
| the relationship between the occurrence of undifferentiated bovine respiratory disease and titer changes to bovine coronavirus and bovine viral diarrhea virus in 3 ontario feedlots. | serological evidence of previous viral exposure (titer at arrival) and current viral exposure (titer increase) during a 28-day study period, was used to determine if bovine coronavirus (bcv) or bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) was associated with the occurrence of undifferentiated bovine respiratory disease (ubrd) in feedlot calves. neutralizing antibody titers to bcv and bvdv were determined for 852 animals from 3 ontario feedlots. calves at 2 of the 3 feedlots (n = 753) received a modified l ... | 2001 | 11480517 |
| the relationship between the occurrence of undifferentiated bovine respiratory disease and titer changes to haemophilus somnus and mannheimia haemolytica at 3 ontario feedlots. | the association between exposure to haemophilus somnus and mannheimia haemolytica (formerly pasteurella haemolytica) and the risk of undifferentiated bovine respiratory disease (ubrd) was investigated using serological evidence of exposure coupled with a factorial design vaccine field trial. measures of previous exposure (titer at arrival) and current exposure (titer increase in the study period) to these agents were used. the vaccine field trial involved systematic allocation of animals into gr ... | 2001 | 11480518 |
| the effect of infection with bovine viral diarrhea virus on the fertility of swiss dairy cattle. | bovine viral diarrhea virus is a major cattle pathogen with a worldwide distribution. animals may be infected with bvd virus transiently or persistently. transient infection leads to protective immunity. persistent infection is unique because it is associated with an immunotolerance that is specific to the infecting strain of bvd virus. persistent infection results from viral invasion of fetuses between the second and fourth month of development. such animals are of prime importance in the epide ... | 2001 | 11480613 |
| evaluation of a new sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of bovine viral diarrhea virus in unprocessed fetal bovine serum. | a new sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (s-elisa) kit that uses raw (unprocessed) fetal bovine serum (fbs) as the testing sample was evaluated for upstream bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) testing. pooled fbs samples (n = 84) were tested using the s-elisa. thirty serum samples originating from persistently infected (pi) calves that had been confirmed by virus isolation (vi) as bvdv positive and another 30 samples previously confirmed by vi as bvdv negative were also evaluated. of the ... | 2001 | 11482608 |
| high-level expression of hepatitis c virus (hcv) structural proteins by a chimeric hcv/bvdv genome propagated as a bvdv pseudotype. | a chimeric cdna genome was constructed in which the core, e1 and e2 genes of hepatitis c virus (hcv) replaced the core, e(rns), e1 and e2 genes of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv). high levels of hcv structural proteins were expressed in a small number of human or bovine cells following transfection with chimeric rna. however, in one cell line, bovine embryonic trachea cells [ebtr(a)], the number of cells expressing hcv proteins increased to greater than 70% following serial passage of culture ... | 2001 | 11483222 |
| genetic analysis of the pestivirus nonstructural coding region: defects in the ns5a unit can be complemented in trans. | the functional analysis of molecular determinants which control the replication of pestiviruses was considerably facilitated by the finding that subgenomic forms of the positive-strand rna genome of bvdv (bovine viral diarrhea virus) are capable of autonomous replication in transfected host cells. the prototype replicon, bvdv di9c, consists of the genomic 5' and 3' untranslated regions and a truncated open reading frame (orf) encoding mainly the nonstructural proteins ns3, ns4a, ns4b, ns5a, and ... | 2001 | 11483722 |
| evidence for the presence of two novel pestivirus species. | the genus pestivirus of the family flaviviridae comprises four species, namely bovine viral diarrhea virus-1 (bvdv-1), bvdv-2, border disease virus (bdv), and classical swine fever virus (csfv). comparative analyses of partial sequences have suggested that pestivirus isolates from giraffe (giraffe-1) and reindeer (reindeer-1) are distinct from the established species (becher et al., virology 262, 64--71, 1999). in this study, we report the complete genomic sequences of pestivirus strains giraffe ... | 2001 | 11485413 |
| effect of maternal antibodies on induction and persistence of vaccine-induced immune responses against bovine viral diarrhea virus type ii in young calves. | to determine the effect of maternally derived antibodies on induction of protective immune responses against bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) type ii in young calves vaccinated with a modified-live bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) type i vaccine. | 2001 | 11497051 |
| genotypes of pestivirus rna detected in live virus vaccines for human use. | live virus vaccines for human use, 29 monovalent vaccines against measles, mumps, rubella or polio, eight polyvalent vaccines against measles-mumps-rubella and one bacterial polyvalent vaccine against streptococcus pneumoniae, were tested by reverse transcriptase-nested pcr for the presence of petivirus or pestivirus rna. twenty-four samples were selected from european manufacturers, ten were from u.s.a. and four from japan. five (13.1%) out of 38 tested samples were positive for pestivirus rna. ... | 2001 | 11503899 |
| terminal nucleotidyl transferase activity of recombinant flaviviridae rna-dependent rna polymerases: implication for viral rna synthesis. | recombinant hepatitis c virus (hcv) rna-dependent rna polymerase (rdrp) was reported to possess terminal transferase (tntase) activity, the ability to add nontemplated nucleotides to the 3' end of viral rnas. however, this tntase was later purported to be a cellular enzyme copurifying with the hcv rdrp. in this report, we present evidence that tntase activity is an inherent function of hcv and bovine viral diarrhea virus rdrps highly purified from both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. a change ... | 2001 | 11507207 |
| fluorogenic rt-pcr assay (taqman) for detection and classification of bovine viral diarrhea virus. | a single tube fluorogenic rt-pcr-based 'taqman' assay was developed for detection and classification of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv). taqman-pcr was optimized to quantify bvd virus using the abi prism 7700 sequence detection system and dual-labeled fluorogenic probes. two different gene specific labeled fluorogenic probes for the 5' untranslated region (5' utr) were used to differentiate between bvd types i and ii. sensitivity of the single tube taqman assay was compared with two-tube taqm ... | 2001 | 11524161 |
| time to first calving and calving interval in bovine virus diarrhoea virus (bvdv) sero-converted dairy herds in norway. | dairy herds in møre and romsdal county, norway (regarded as initially free from the bovine virus diarrhoea virus (bvdv) infection) were studied retrospectively from 1992 to 1996. the herd reproductive performance (time to first calving, calving interval, and number of breeding services) was investigated for a potential effect of bvdv sero-conversion. the herd culling pattern--possibly affecting the above measurements--was included for investigation. two different statistical models were used: th ... | 2001 | 11530192 |
| study of the mechanism of antiviral action of iminosugar derivatives against bovine viral diarrhea virus. | the glucose-derived iminosugar derivatives n-butyl- and n-nonyl-deoxynojirimycin (dnj) have an antiviral effect against a broad spectrum of viruses including bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv). for bvdv, this effect has been attributed to the reduction of viral secretion due to an impairment of viral morphogenesis caused by the ability of dnj-based iminosugar derivatives to inhibit er alpha-glucosidases (n. zitzmann, a. s. mehta, s. carrouée, t. d. butters, f. m. platt, j. mccauley, b. s. blumbe ... | 2001 | 11533162 |
| a cellular j-domain protein modulates polyprotein processing and cytopathogenicity of a pestivirus. | pestiviruses are positive-strand rna viruses closely related to human hepatitis c virus. gene expression of these viruses occurs via translation of a polyprotein, which is further processed by cellular and viral proteases. here we report the formation of a stable complex between an as-yet-undescribed cellular j-domain protein, a member of the dnaj-chaperone family, and pestiviral nonstructural protein ns2. accordingly, we termed the cellular protein jiv, for j-domain protein interacting with vir ... | 2001 | 11533209 |
| validation of a test for dams carrying foetuses persistently infected with bovine viral-diarrhoea virus based on determination of antibody levels in late pregnancy. | our objective was to estimate, using a generalised linear mixed-model approach, the sensitivity and specificity of an indirect elisa when used to identify dams pregnant with persistently bovine viral-diarrhoea virus (bvdv)-infected foetuses. cows that had been tested for antibodies to bvdv with a positive result during their pregnancy and where the offspring had been tested for both antibody and virus were identified by accessing the swedish bvd database and the official pedigree records. the re ... | 2001 | 11535280 |
| study of cattle persistently infected with bovine viral diarrhea virus that lack detectable virus in serum. | to determine whether cattle persistently infected with bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) that lack virus detectable in serum by use of the immunoperoxidase microtiter assay (ipma) can transmit the virus to susceptible herdmates and determine prevalence of these cattle. | 2001 | 11549091 |
| recombination with a cellular mrna encoding a novel dnaj protein results in biotype conversion in genotype 2 bovine viral diarrhea viruses. | bovine viral diarrhea viruses (bvdv) exist as two biotypes, cytopathic and noncytopathic, based on their ability to produce cytopathology in cultured cells. cytopathic viruses arise from noncytopathic viruses following genetic alteration (insertions, duplications, rearrangements) within the region encoding the ns2/3 protein. in bvdv genotype 2, the majority of biotype conversions result from the integration of a cellular mrna into the genomic rna of a noncytopathic virus within the ns2/3 coding ... | 2001 | 11551646 |
| assessing the within-herd prevalence of cows antibody-positive to bovine viral diarrhoea virus with a blocking elisa on bulk tank milk. | milk samples from 135 herds in brittany were tested by a blocking elisa for antibodies to bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) and used to assess the relationship between the bulk milk result and the within-herd prevalence of antibody-positive lactating cows. this relationship was first quantified by using a general linear model and controlling for the number of cows contributing milk to the bulk tank, for the percentage of primiparous cows in the herds and for the number of milkings contributing ... | 2001 | 11554568 |
| development of multiplexed nucleic acid testing for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and hepatitis c virus. | in most western countries, blood donations are routinely screened for hepatitis c virus (hcv) rna by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) or other nucleic acid tests. we describe the development of a multiplexed assay for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) and hcv in an internally controlled pcr suitable for large-scale blood donor screening. | 2001 | 11555468 |
| classical swine fever (csf) marker vaccine. trial iii. evaluation of discriminatory elisas. | the objective of the marker vaccine trial was to test the two available csf marker vaccines in scenarios which are likely to occur in the field and to evaluate the reliability of the discriminatory tests. the evaluation of the discriminatory tests was of special importance because there is no requirement for formal data concerning their performance by the european medicinal products evaluation agency (emea) in london. emea is responsible for the licensing procedure of the marker vaccines within ... | 2001 | 11557153 |
| testing of bulk tank milk from northern ireland dairy herds for viral rna and antibody to bovine viral diarrhoea virus. | bulk tank milk samples collected from 929 northern ireland dairy herds were classified according to their geographical location, somatic cell count and milk yield. each sample was tested by elisa for antibody levels to bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) and the herds were assigned to four groups with increasing antibody levels. in nine herds (1 per cent) no antibodies were detectable in the milk samples (group 1) and they were detectable at low levels in the milk from 90 herds (9.7 per cent, gr ... | 2001 | 11558660 |
| epidemiological pattern and risk factors associated with bovine viral-diarrhoea virus (bvdv) infection in a non-vaccinated dairy-cattle population from the asturias region of spain. | a survey of bovine viral-diarrhoea virus (bvdv) infection was carried out in a non-vaccinated cattle population from the asturias region of spain in 1997 to assess seroprevalence and identify risk factors associated with infection. twenty-eight herds were included; 529 cows were bled. information regarding the herd and each animal sampled were recorded through a personal interview with the farmer. the true prevalence was estimated to be 21%. according to the antibody-age profiles and the herd-ma ... | 2001 | 11566379 |
| distribution pattern of bovine viral diarrhoea virus strains in intensive cattle herds in italy. | the genetic variation of bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) was studied by comparative nucleotide sequence analysis of 26 italian field strains collected during the period 1995-2000 in 18 cattle herds. a fragment within the 5'-untranslated region (utr) was sequenced directly from gel-purified products obtained by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. bvdv-1b (n=14), -1c (n=1), -1d (n=1) and bvdv-2 (n=2) strains have been isolated. most herds were infected by bvdv-1b. pairwise similar ... | 2001 | 11574174 |
| involvement of microbial respiratory pathogens in acute interstitial pneumonia in feedlot cattle. | to evaluate viral and bacterial respiratory pathogens and mycoplasma spp isolated from lung tissues of cattle with acute interstitial pneumonia (aip) and cattle that had died as a result of other causes. | 2001 | 11592313 |
| effect of calfhood vaccination on transmission of bovine viral diarrhea virus under typical drylot dairy conditions. | to estimate transmission of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) and crude morbidity and mortality ratios in bvdv-vaccinated and unvaccinated dairy heifer calves managed under typical dairy drylot conditions. | 2001 | 11601795 |
| isolation and characterization of noncytopathic pestivirus mutants reveals a role for nonstructural protein ns4b in viral cytopathogenicity. | isolates of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv), the prototype pestivirus, are divided into cytopathic (cp) and noncytopathic (ncp) biotypes according to their effect on cultured cells. the cp viruses also differ from ncp viruses by the production of viral nonstructural protein ns3. however, the mechanism by which cp viruses induce cytopathic effect in cell culture remains unknown. here we used a genetic approach to isolate ncp variants that arose from a cp virus at low frequency. a bicistronic b ... | 2001 | 11602707 |
| localization of viral proteins in cells infected with bovine viral diarrhoea virus. | bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) is a member of the genus pestivirus within the family flaviviridae. in this report, protein localization studies were performed to assess the mechanism for the release of mature virus particles from infected cells. since bvdv is an enveloped virus, budding from either intra- or extracellular membranes is feasible. a prerequisite for the latter mechanism is the integration of viral glycoproteins into the host cell membrane. using monoclonal antibodies (mabs) di ... | 2001 | 11602770 |
| genotypic characteristics of bovine viral diarrhea virus 2 strains isolated in northern italy. | two strains of bovine viral diarrhea virus 2 (bvdv-2) were isolated from calves in northern italy. variations in the 5'-untranslated region (utr) of the genome were studied by primary structure alignment and neighbor-joining method based phylogenetic tree analyses and by palindromic nucleotide substitutions at the three variable loci in the 5'-utr. genetic analysis indicated their appurtenance to genovar bvdv-2a. nucleotide sequence at the 5'-utr of strain bs-95-ii, one of the italian isolates f ... | 2001 | 11642277 |
| validation of a reverse transcription nested polymerase chain reaction (rt-npcr) to detect bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) associated with in vitro-derived bovine embryos and co-cultured cells. | sensitive rt-npcr assays can be used for the rapid detection of viruses. the objective of this research was to validate an rt-npcr assay for detection of bvdv associated with various samples collected from an ivf system. in 12 research replicates, we maintained matured cocs as negative controls or exposed them to 1 of 4 noncytopathic strains (sd-1, ny-1, cd-87, or pa-131) of bvdv for 1 h immediately before ivf. after 4 d of ivc, we harvested groups of 5 nonfertile ova or degenerated embryos (nfd ... | 2001 | 11665882 |
| estimating transfer of bovine virus-diarrhoea virus in danish cattle by use of register data. | to study how routinely recorded data (also called "register data") might be used in disease monitoring on a regional or national level, a database for bovine virus-diarrhoea virus (bvdv) was made from existing databases, covering the period january 1995-november 1999. this paper includes a general description of the database, including basic statistics for selected variables. information was largely complete for cattle herds in the milk-recording scheme (mrs), but only partly available for other ... | 2001 | 11679171 |
| the immunology of the bovine respiratory disease complex. | the bovine respiratory disease complex continues to be an economically important syndrome in an era when immunologic control is likely to become increasingly important. recent studies have yielded a better understanding of the interaction, at the molecular level, of various pathogens with the bovine immune system. improved challenge models for important viral pathogens such as bovine viral diarrhea virus and bovine respiratory syncytial virus have provided evidence of the efficacy of immune resp ... | 2001 | 11692507 |
| masking of two in vitro immunological assays for mycobacterium bovis (bcg) in calves acutely infected with non-cytopathic bovine viral diarrhoea virus. | acute infection of calves, previously vaccinated with bacille calmette-guerin (bcg), with non-cytopathic viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) resulted in the temporary suppression of two in vitro assays used to monitor mycobacterium bovis infection. lymphocyte proliferation and interferon-gamma production by whole blood cultures containing purified protein derivatives prepared from mycobacterium avium (ppd-a) and m bovis (ppd-b) were markedly suppressed. the implication is that acute infections of cattl ... | 2001 | 11700926 |
| a swiss case-control study to assess neospora caninum-associated bovine abortions by pcr, histopathology and serology. | neospora caninum is one of the most frequent infectious organisms causing abortion in cattle worldwide. the present case-control study was designed to assess the importance of bovine neosporosis for causing abortion in swiss cattle and to identify selected risk factors. infection was primarily diagnosed by a n. caninum-specific pcr and serology, complemented with histopathology and immunohistochemistry. a total of 113 case and 113 corresponding control-farms were studied for 1.5 year. during thi ... | 2001 | 11705647 |
| the immunohistochemical detection of mycoplasma bovis and bovine viral diarrhea virus in tissues of feedlot cattle with chronic, unresponsive respiratory disease and/or arthritis. | the purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of selected pathogens in the tissues of a group of feedlot cattle with chronic disease (most often respiratory disease and/or arthritis). samples of lung and joint tissues from 49 feedlot animals that had failed to respond to antibiotic therapy were tested by immunohistochemical staining for the antigens of mycoplasma bovis, haemophilus somnus, pasteurella (mannheimia) hemolytica, and bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv). mycoplasma bovis wa ... | 2001 | 11708203 |
| the ns5a protein of bovine viral diarrhoea virus interacts with the alpha subunit of translation elongation factor-1. | a cellular protein that interacts with the ns5a polypeptide of bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) was identified in a yeast two-hybrid screen. the ns5a interactor was identified as the alpha subunit of bovine translation elongation factor 1a (eef1a). cell-free binding studies were performed with chimeric ns5a fused to glutathione s-transferase (gst-ns5a) expressed in bacteria. gst-ns5a bound specifically to both in vitro-translated and mammalian cell-expressed eef1a. moreover, purified eef1a bo ... | 2001 | 11714969 |
| identification of pestiviruses contaminating cell lines and fetal calf sera. | three pestiviruses in fetal calf serum (fcs), a pestivirus in porcine st cell line, and two pestiviruses in two of five bovine cell lines were detected by rt-pcr method employing panpestivirus primers selected from the 5'-non-coding region (5'-ncr). the 288 bp products were sequenced in both directions. to identify these pestiviruses, their nucleotide sequences and those of reference pestiviruses were used for construction of a dendrogram. three viruses present in fcs and a virus present in the ... | 2001 | 11719986 |
| descriptive epidemiology of postnatal bovine viral diarrhea virus infection in intensively managed dairy heifers. | to evaluate risk of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) infection between birth and 9 months of age for dairy replacement heifers raised under typical dry-lot management conditions. | 2001 | 11724183 |
| characterization of rna synthesis and translation of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv). | full length and replicon genomes of various strains of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) have been characterized. analysis of growth kinetics for a pair of cytopathogenic (cp) and noncytopathogenic (ncp) strains revealed that ncp strain synthesized viral rna at much reduced level compared to the cp strain. kinetics of translation and replication, the effects of bi-cistronic versus mono-cistronic genomes, and cis requirements for viral replication were also examined in a bvdv replicon d19c. impo ... | 2001 | 11724267 |
| virus neutralising antibodies against 22 bovine viral diarrhoea virus isolates in vaccinated calves. | seven of nine colostrum deprived calves, free from bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv), were vaccinated with a commercially available vaccine containing two inactivated strains of bvdv, an inactivated strain of bovine herpesvirus-1 and modified-live strains of bovine respiratory syncytial virus and para-influenza-3 virus. the two other calves were kept as controls. the virus neutralising (vn) antibodies induced by vaccination were tested against 22 antigenically diverse bvdv isolates, including ... | 2002 | 11749137 |
| alpha/beta and gamma interferons are induced by infection with noncytopathic bovine viral diarrhea virus in vivo. | in contrast to the results of previous in vitro studies, experimental infection of calves with noncytopathic bovine viral diarrhea virus (ncpbvdv) was found to induce strong alpha/beta and gamma interferon responses in gnotobiotic animals. these responses were associated with depressed levels of transforming growth factor beta (tgf-beta) in serum. the results of this study indicate that the immunosuppression caused by ncpbvdv is not associated with low interferon responses or elevated levels of ... | 2002 | 11752182 |
| viroligo: a database of virus-specific oligonucleotides. | viroligo is a database of virus-specific oligonucleotides. the viroligo database consists of two tables, common data and oligo data. the oligo data table contains pcr primers and hybridization probes used for detection of viral nucleic acids and the common data table contains the experimental conditions used in their detection. each oligonucleotide entry contains links to pubmed, genbank, ncbi taxonomy databases and blast. as of july 2001, the viroligo database contains a complete listing of oli ... | 2002 | 11752293 |
| informative value of an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for the detection of bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) antibodies in milk. | bulk and individual milk samples from 117 herds located in brittany (west france) were used to assess: (i) the performance characteristics of an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) applied to individual milk for the detection of antibodies to bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv); and (ii) the relationship between the bulk milk result obtained from this test and the within-herd prevalence of antibody-positive lactating cows. this elisa test was based on a monoclonal antibody directe ... | 2001 | 11765806 |
| platelet aggregation responses and virus isolation from platelets in calves experimentally infected with type i or type ii bovine viral diarrhea virus. | altered platelet function has been reported in calves experimentally infected with type ii bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv). the purpose of the present study was to further evaluate the ability of bvdv isolates to alter platelet function and to examine for the presence of a virus-platelet interaction during bvdv infection. colostrum-deprived holstein calves were obtained immediately after birth, housed in isolation, and assigned to 1 of 4 groups (1 control and 3 treatment groups). control calv ... | 2001 | 11768131 |
| nylon membrane-immobilized pcr for detection of bovine viruses. | bridge technology is an amplification technique in which pairs of primers are immobilized on a solid support, allowing amplification only at the location of the primer pair spot. the technique has diagnostic potential since an array of primer pairs, each specific for a different pathogen, can be used with a diagnostic sample without inter-pair interactions that plague the development of multiplex pcrs. as a result, one assay should be able to determine which of multiple pathogens are present and ... | 2002 | 11808702 |
| expression of the mouse fc receptor b2 in bovine cells rescues the infectivity of conditionally neutralized bovine viral diarrhea virus. | we examined the infectivity of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) particles opsonized with monoclonal antibodies on bovine cells expressing the murine fcgamma receptor b2 (fcgammarb2). incubation of bvdv with each of five monoclonal antibodies (mabs) to the envelope glycoprotein e2 led to efficient virus-neutralization, as evidenced by the failure to infect standard bovine testicle cells. in contrast, inoculation of four of these mab-virus complexes onto transfectant bovine testicle cells expres ... | 2002 | 11844617 |
| method for detection of extraneous active bovine viral diarrhoea virus and classical swine fever virus in animal viral vaccines by rt-pcr, which amplify negative-strand viral rna in infected cells. | an oligonucleotide sense primer, pst324alpha, was designed and used for synthesizing cdna from negative-strand viral rna in infected cells and used for rapid detection of active extraneous bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) and classical swine fever virus (csfv) in animal viral vaccines by culturing a sample in cells followed by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr). active and inactivated viruses of bvdv no. 12-43 strain and csfv gpe(-)strain were inoculated to bovine testic ... | 2002 | 11846427 |
| modulation of sex hormone secretion in cows by acute infection with bovine viral diarrhoea virus. | bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) is a major pathogen of cattle and is responsible for considerable reproductive loss. in this study, the in vivo responses in six multiparous cows were investigated after a non-cytopathogenic bvdv challenge (strain pe 515; 5 x 10(6) tissue culture infective dose 50) given 9 days before a synchronized ovulation. six similar cows challenged with non-infectious culture medium served as controls. the experimental noncytopathogenic bvdv infection was followed by a v ... | 2002 | 11866695 |
| a family of closely related bovine viral diarrhea virus recombinants identified in an animal suffering from mucosal disease: new insights into the development of a lethal disease in cattle. | induction of lethal mucosal disease (md) in cattle is linked to the generation of cytopathogenic (cp) bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) in animals persistently infected with a noncytopathogenic bvdv. in most cases the cp variants are generated by recombination with cellular or viral sequences. bvdv was obtained from the serum of an md animal and propagated in tissue culture without plaque purification. analysis of cdna clones established from rna of these cells showed that apparently a variety ... | 2001 | 11878878 |
| genetic typing of ruminant pestivirus strains from northern ireland and the republic of ireland. | a study was performed to investigate the genotypes and sub-groups of pestiviruses present in ruminants in ireland. these comprised one ovine and eighteen bovine pestiviruses from northern ireland and six bovine pestiviruses from the republic of ireland. a 288 base pair (bp) portion of the 5'-non coding region (5'-ncr) from each of 25 pestiviruses collected over a period of 31 years was amplified by reverse-transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) and the product directly sequenced. from ... | 2001 | 11883891 |
| process for the preparation of pathogen-inactivated rbc concentrates by using pen110 chemistry: preclinical studies. | a pathogen-inactivation process for rbc concentrates is being developed by using pen110 chemistry (inactine, v.i. technologies). the objective of this study was to characterize the quality of rbcs prepared by using the pen110 process and to measure the virucidal effect achieved against two viruses. | 2002 | 11896326 |
| a single amino acid is critical for the expression of b-cell epitopes on the helicase domain of the pestivirus ns3 protein. | truncated ns3 proteins, expressed by recombinant baculoviruses, were used to investigate the location of conserved b-cell epitopes on this non-structural bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) protein. a goat anti-pestivirus antiserum, and a panel of anti-ns3 monoclonal antibodies, including the bvdv-1 specific antibody p1d8, were used to verify the presence or absence of the epitopes. interestingly, the monoclonal antibodies reacted only with the truncated protein encompassing the helicase domain ... | 2002 | 11900844 |
| phylogenetic analysis of the 5'-untranslated region of german bvdv type ii isolates. | on the basis of genetic differences, bovine viral diarrhoea viruses (bvdv) are subclassified into two distinct genotypes, bvdv type i and bvdv type ii. we selected german bvdv type ii isolates using the bvdv type i-specific monoclonal antibody wb160 and flow cytometric analysis for further characterization. for molecular characterization, a 288-bp fragment of the 5'-untranslated region (5'-utr) of the selected isolates was investigated by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) ... | 2002 | 11911592 |
| serologic evaluation of five unvaccinated heifers to detect herds that have cattle persistently infected with bovine viral diarrhea virus. | to determine whether serologic evaluation of 5 unvaccinated 6- to 12-month-old heifers is a valid method for identifying herds that contain cattle persistently infected (pi) with bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv). | 2002 | 11939310 |
| detection of bovine viral diarrhea virus by taqman reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. | detection and elimination of calves and cows persistently infected with bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) is important for the control of this pathogen. historically, bvdv detection involved cell culture isolation followed by virus detection through immunofluorescence or immunoperoxidase monolayer assay (ipma) methods. more recently, immunohistochemistry (ihc) has been added as a routine test for bvdv detection. the detection of bvdv by gel-based reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction ... | 2002 | 11939332 |
| genetic and antigenic variability in bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) isolates from belgium. | this report describes the genetic and antigenic variability of bovine viral diarrhea virus strains isolated in belgium. part of the 5' untranslated region and the 5' end of the gp53 (e2) coding sequence were amplified by pcr and sequenced. phylogenetic analysis showed that most field isolates segregated into genotypes ib or ii. only one out of 28 field isolates belonged to genotype ia. interestingly, some type i strains were equally divergent from types ia and ib strains and clustered into addit ... | 2002 | 11955635 |
| percutaneous collection of fetal fluids for detection of bovine viral diarrhea virus infection in cattle. | to develop a method for percutaneous collection of fetal fluid from cattle in the late stages of gestation and determine whether bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) can be isolated from such fluids. | 2002 | 11991414 |
| the associations of viral and mycoplasmal antibody titers with respiratory disease and weight gain in feedlot calves. | blood samples from 32 groups of calves (n = 700) were taken on arrival and after 28-35 days at the feedlot. eleven groups were housed in feedlots in ontario, and 21 groups in feedlots in alberta. serum antibody titers to bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv), bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv), parainfluenza virus type 3 (piv-3), infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (ibrv), mycoplasma dispar and m. bovis, plus data on bovine corona virus (bcv) from a previous study were investigated for t ... | 1999 | 12001336 |
| predictive values of serum and bulk milk sampling for the presence of persistently infected bvdv carriers in dairy herds. | the aim of this study was to examine whether it is possible to predict the presence of persistently infected (pi) animals with bovine viral diarrhoea virus on dairy farms in the netherlands, based on a few blood samples of the herd, possibly in combination with a bulk milk test for antibodies. in 25 herds with, and 24 herds without, pi animal(s) the probabilities of obtaining at least x antibody positive animals out of a sample of n animals were calculated, with n varying from 3 to 7 and values ... | 2002 | 12002642 |
| bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) and anti-bvdv antibodies in pooled samples of follicular fluid. | bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) can be found in cells and fluids from ovaries collected at the abattoir. on the other hand, immunoglobulins are also found in the fluid of ovarian follicles. anti-bvdv antibodies in follicular fluid might reduce cross-contamination of cocs at the time of collection or hinder the use of virus isolation to test for the presence of virus. one objective of this study was to determine the frequency with which bvdv could be found in pooled follicular fluid collected ... | 2002 | 12013443 |
| inhibition of the bovine viral diarrhoea virus ns3 serine protease by a boron-modified peptidyl mimetic of its natural substrate. | bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) is closely related to hepatitis c virus (hcv), and has been used as a surrogate virus in drug development for hcv infection. similar to hcv, bvdv-encoded ns3 serine proteinase is responsible for multiple cleavages in the viral polyprotein, generating mature ns4a, ns4b, ns5a and ns5b proteins. ns3-dependent cleavage sites of bvdv contain a strictly conserved leucine at p1, and either serine or alanine at p1'. the full length bvdv ns3/4a serine protease has been ... | 2001 | 12018682 |
| inhibition of host er glucosidase activity prevents golgi processing of virion-associated bovine viral diarrhea virus e2 glycoproteins and reduces infectivity of secreted virions. | recently, it was shown that replication of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) is sensitive to inhibitors of host er glucosidases. consistent with these findings, we report that incubation of bvdv-infected mdbk cells with the glucosidase inhibitor n-butyl-deoxynojirimycin (nb-dnj) reduced bvdv yields by 70- to 100-fold (n = 27), while having no effect on mdbk cell viability. however, the 70- to 100-fold reduction in infectious virus was associated with only a 2-fold reduction in genomic rna synth ... | 2002 | 12033761 |
| in vitro maturation and fertilization of bovine oocytes and in vitro culture of presumptive zygotes in the presence of bovine pestivirus. | a pathogen which has been shown to commonly contaminate in vitro bovine embryo production system is bovine pestivirus (bovine viral diarrhea virus). three experiments were designed to evaluate the in vitro maturation (experiment i), fertilization (experiment ii) and embryo development (experiment iii) of immature oocytes, inseminated oocytes and presumptive zygotes in the presence of a bovine pestivirus (non-cytopathic, ncp type 1). the virus inoculum used was derived from a persistently infecte ... | 2002 | 12047926 |
| insemination of susceptible heifers with semen from a non-viraemic bull with persistent bovine virus diarrhoea virus infection localized in the testes. | bulls shedding bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) in semen and simultaneously having a high concentration of circulating antibodies may cause reproductive problems and spread the viral infection within cattle populations. to investigate this in detail, three heifers were inseminated with bvdv-infected semen from a non-viraemic, seropositive holstein-friesian bull, named 'cumulus'. one control heifer was inseminated with semen from a healthy bull that was free of bvdv. all four heifers remained ... | 2002 | 12071892 |
| analysis of the repertoire of cattle cd4(+) t cells reactive with bovine viral diarrhoea virus. | cell-mediated immunity and cd4(+) cells in particular are important for the resolution of acute infection with non-cytopathic bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv). cd4(+) t cells were shown to recognise virus-infected and non-infectious-protein-pulsed apcs, whereas cd8(+) t cells recognised only virus-infected apcs. t cell recognition was strain cross-reactive and mhc-restricted. using native and recombinant antigens, we identified the structural glycoprotein e2 and the non-structural protein ns3 ... | 2002 | 12072240 |
| leukopenia and thrombocytopenia in pigs after infection with bovine viral diarrhoea virus-2 (bvdv-2). | the aim of this study was to investigate whether bovine viral diarrhoea virus-2 (bvdv-2) is pathogenic for pigs, which organs become infected and whether or to which extent the virus is excreted into the environment. ten pigs were observed for clinical reactions after infection with a bvdv-2 strain, that has been shown to be pathogenic in calves under experimental conditions. samples were taken to monitor thrombocyte and leukocyte counts as well as antibody development. post mortem examinations ... | 2002 | 12073495 |
| bovine virus diarrhoea virus--which way to turn? | | 2002 | 12090762 |
| failure to spread bovine virus diarrhoea virus infection from primarily infected calves despite concurrent infection with bovine coronavirus. | previous reports on the spread of bovine virus diarrhoea virus (bvdv) from animals primarily infected with the agent are contradictory. in this study, the possibility of transmission of bvdv from calves simultaneously subjected to acute bvdv and bovine coronavirus (bcv) infection was investigated. ten calves were inoculated intranasally with bvdv type 1. each of the 10 calves was then randomly allocated to one of two groups. in each group there were four additional calves, resulting in five infe ... | 2002 | 12090767 |
| the virucidal spectrum of a high concentration alcohol mixture. | the virucidal spectrum of a high concentration alcohol mixture (80% ethanol and 5% isopropanol) was determined for a broad series of lipid-enveloped (le) and non-lipid-enveloped (nle) viruses covering all relevant blood-borne viruses. le viruses were represented by human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv), a specific model virus for hepatitis c virus (hcv), pseudorabies virus (prv), and vaccinia virus. for the nle viruses hepatitis a virus, canine parvovirus (a mod ... | 2002 | 12090799 |
| bvdv: 40 years of effort and the disease still has a firm hold. | | 2002 | 12092944 |
| screening of neonatal calves for persistent infection with bovine viral diarrhea virus by immunohistochemistry on skin biopsy samples. | detection and elimination of cattle that are persistently infected with bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) is important for controlling the transmission of this virus. colostrum-derived antibodies make the detection of persistently bvdv-infected neonatal calves cumbersome and expensive. the objective of this study was to evaluate the use of immunohistochemical staining of skin biopsy samples from neonatal calves as a method for the early detection of persistent bvdv infection. three hundred thir ... | 2002 | 12093692 |
| probability of and risk factors for introduction of infectious diseases into dutch spf dairy farms: a cohort study. | a 2-year cohort study was conducted to investigate the probability of disease introduction into dutch dairy farms. the farms were tested regularly for diseases and were visited biannually to collect management data. ninety-five specific pathogen-free (spf) dairy farms were selected from a database of bovine herpesvirus type 1 (bhv1)-free farms to study the probability of, and risk factors for, introduction of bhv1, bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv), salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotype ... | 2002 | 12114014 |
| bovine adenovirus serotype 7 infections in postweaning calves. | to detect bovine adenovirus serotype 7 (bav-7) infections in calves by use of viral isolation and serologic testing. | 2002 | 12118678 |
| prevalence of antibodies to classical swine fever, aujeszky's disease, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome, and bovine viral diarrhoea viruses in wild boars in croatia. | during the hunting season in february 1999, a total of 44 blood samples were collected from wild boars shot in the area of moslavacka gora. these blood samples were examined by enzyme immunoassay for the presence of antibodies to classical swine fever (csfv), aujeszky's disease (adv), bovine viral diarrhoea (bvdv), and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (prrsv) viruses. out of 44 serum samples examined, 17 (38.63%) were positive for csfv, 24 (54.54%) were positive for adv and two (4.5 ... | 2002 | 12121047 |
| effect of gamma irradiation on human cortical bone transplants contaminated with enveloped and non-enveloped viruses. | in the production of bone grafts intended for transplantation, basic safety measures to avoid the transmission of pathogens are selection and serological screening of donors for markers of virus infections. as an additional safety tool we investigated the effect of gamma irradiation on the sterility of human bone diaphysis transplants and evaluated its impact on the virus safety of transplants. model viruses were included in the study to determine the dose necessary to achieve a reduction factor ... | 2002 | 12127314 |
| enveloped virus inactivation by caprylate: a robust alternative to solvent-detergent treatment in plasma derived intermediates. | solvent-detergent treatment, although used routinely in plasma product processing to inactivate enveloped viruses, substantially reduces product yield from the human plasma resource. to improve yields in plasma product manufacturing, a new viral reduction process has been developed using the fatty acid caprylate. as licensure of plasma products warrants thorough evaluation of pathogen reduction capabilities, the present study examined susceptibility of enveloped viruses to inactivation by capryl ... | 2002 | 12127317 |
| recovery of virulent and rnase-negative attenuated type 2 bovine viral diarrhea viruses from infectious cdna clones. | cloned cdna derived from the genome of the virulent type 2 bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) strain ny'93/c was sequenced and served for establishment of the infectious cdna clone pkane40a. virus recovered from pkane40a exhibited growth characteristics similar to those of wild-type bvdv ny'93/c and proved to be clinically indistinguishable from the wild-type virus in animal experiments. a virus mutant in which the rnase residing in the viral glycoprotein e(rns) was inactivated, revealed an atte ... | 2002 | 12134054 |
| phylogenetic analysis of brazilian bovine viral diarrhea virus type 2 (bvdv-2) isolates: evidence for a subgenotype within bvdv-2. | phylogenetic analysis divides bovine viral diarrhea viruses (bvdv) into two different genotypes (bvdv1 and bvdv2). bvdv1 strains have been further subdivided into two to 11 subgenotypes. phylogenetic analysis of bvdv2 isolates, however, has not been able to identify discrete subgenotypes. in this study, we identified six south american bvdv2 strains and one north american bvdv2 strain that cluster to a separate genetic group within bvdv2, thus representing a distinct subgenotype. the 5' untransl ... | 2002 | 12135789 |
| antiviral activity of petiveria alliacea against the bovine viral diarrhea virus. | natural products are a relevant source of antiviral drugs. five medicinal plants used in argentina have been assayed to detect inhibition of viral growth. | 2002 | 12138331 |
| evaluation of health status of calves and the impact on feedlot performance: assessment of a retained ownership program for postweaning calves. | the objective of this study was to evaluate animal health status at entry to a feedlot against feedlot performance and carcass value. there were 24 herds represented by 417 calves in a retained ownership program. the health status at entry was represented by the levels of serum antibody to infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (ibrv), bovine viral diarrhea viruses 1 and 2 (bvdv1a, bvdv2), parainfluenza 3 virus (pi3v), bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv), mannheimia haemolytica, and paste ... | 2002 | 12146889 |
| bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) 1b: predominant bvdv subtype in calves with respiratory disease. | the prevalence of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) infections was determined in 2 groups of stocker calves with acute respiratory disease. both studies used calves assembled after purchase from auction markets by an order buyer and transported to feedyards, where they were held for approximately 30 d. in 1 study, the calves were mixed with fresh ranch calves from a single ranch. during the studies, at day 0 and at weekly intervals, blood was collected for viral antibody testing and virus isola ... | 2002 | 12146890 |
| the band iii ligand dipyridamole protects human rbcs during photodynamic treatment while extracellular virus inactivation is not affected. | recently, the potential usefulness of dipyridamole (dip) in protecting rbcs against the harmful side effects of photodynamic sterilization was demonstrated. in the present study, the use of dip for selective protection of rbcs was investigated under conditions more relevant for blood bank practice. | 2002 | 12147025 |
| evaluation of the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction/probe test of serum samples and immunohistochemistry of skin sections for detection of acute bovine viral diarrhea infections. | bovine viral diarrhea viruses (bvdv) cause both acute and persistent infections. while diagnostic tests have been designed to detect animals persistently infected (pi) with bvdv, the reliability of these tests in detecting acute bvdv infections is not known. it is also possible that acute bvdv infections may be confused with persistent infections in surveys for pi animals. in this study, 2 tests presently in use in diagnostic laboratories to test for pi animals, polymerase chain reaction amplifi ... | 2002 | 12152809 |
| role of disulfide bond formation in the folding and assembly of the envelope glycoproteins of a pestivirus. | bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) is a pestivirus member of the flaviviridae family, closely related to, and used as a surrogate model for the hepatitis c virus. its envelope contains the e1 and e2 glycoproteins, disulfide linked into homo- and heterodimers. in this study, we investigate the role of disulfide bond formation in the folding, assembly, and stability of bvdv glycoproteins. we provide molecular evidence that intact disulfide bonds are critical for the acquirement of a stable conform ... | 2002 | 12163043 |
| effect of infection with bovine viral diarrhea virus alone, bovine rotavirus alone, or concurrent infection with both on enteric disease in gnotobiotic neonatal calves. | to compare experimentally induced concurrent infection with bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) and bovine rotavirus (brv) with infection of either virus alone in calves. | 2002 | 12171174 |
| identification of the glycosaminoglycan-binding site on the glycoprotein e(rns) of bovine viral diarrhoea virus by site-directed mutagenesis. | bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) envelope glycoprotein e(rns) interacts with highly sulphated heparin-like glycosaminoglycans (gags) located on the cell surface as an early step in virus infection of cells. site-directed mutagenesis of recombinant e(rns) was undertaken and analysis of mutants by heparin-affinity chromatography and cell surface binding showed that a cluster of basic amino acids (480kklenksk487) near the c terminus of e(rns) was essential for binding. mutants with amino acid su ... | 2002 | 12185268 |
| quasispecies in the 5' untranslated genomic region of bovine viral diarrhoea virus from a single individual. | the variability of the 5' untranslated genomic region (5'utr) of bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) rna obtained from a single individual was analysed. lung, kidney and spleen tissues from a naturally infected foetus were used as the source of viral rna. a fragment of 288 bases of the internal ribosome entry site from the bvdv 5'utr was amplified by rt-pcr using a proofreading dna polymerase. pcr products were cloned into pgem and, subsequently, transformed into escherichia coli. the single-str ... | 2002 | 12185269 |
| inhibition of beta interferon transcription by noncytopathogenic bovine viral diarrhea virus is through an interferon regulatory factor 3-dependent mechanism. | the induction and inhibition of the interferon (ifn) response and apoptosis by bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) has been examined. here we show that prior infection of cells by noncytopathogenic bvdv (ncp bvdv) fails to block transcriptional responses to alpha/beta ifn. in contrast, ncp bvdv-infected cells fail to produce ifn-alpha/beta or mxa in response to double-stranded rna (dsrna) or infection with a heterologous virus (semliki forest virus [sfv]). ncp bvdv preinfection is unable to block ... | 2002 | 12186882 |
| [study of the antiviral mechanism of action of ribavirin in the bovine viral diarrhea virus model]. | due to the absence of a cell culture model for hcv, this study evaluated the hypothesis of lethal mutagenic activity of the guanosin analogue ribavirin in hcv, using the bvdv model. | 2002 | 12193857 |
| the combination of interferon alpha-2b and n-butyl deoxynojirimycin has a greater than additive antiviral effect upon production of infectious bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) in vitro: implications for hepatitis c virus (hcv) therapy. | interferon alpha-2b (ifn) alone or in combination with ribavirin is approved in the united states for the treatment of chronic hepatitis c virus (hcv) infection. we have previously reported that the glucosidase inhibitor, n-butyl deoxynojirimycin (nb-dnj) inhibits the production of infectious bovine diarrhea virus (bvdv) (proc. natl. acad. sci. 96 (1999) 11878). since bvdv has been used as a model for hcv and grows productively in tissue culture, and ifn and glucosidase inhibitors are thought to ... | 2002 | 12206880 |
| replication of a cytopathic strain of bovine viral diarrhea virus activates perk and induces endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated apoptosis of mdbk cells. | endoplasmic reticulum (er) stress signaling is an adaptive cellular response to the loss of er ca(2+) homeostasis and/or the accumulation of misfolded, unassembled, or aggregated proteins in the er lumen. er stress-activated signaling pathways regulate protein synthesis initiation and can also trigger apoptosis through the er-associated caspase 12. viruses that utilize the host cell er as an integral part of their life cycle would be predicted to cause some level of er stress. bovine viral diarr ... | 2002 | 12208938 |
| predicted ages of dairy calves when colostrum-derived bovine viral diarrhea virus antibodies would no longer offer protection against disease or interfere with vaccination. | to develop models that could be used to predict, for dairy calves, the age at which colostrum-derived bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) antibodies would no longer offer protection against infection or interfere with vaccination. | 2002 | 12216908 |
| comparable virus inactivation by bovine or vegetable derived tween 80 during solvent/detergent treatment. | a mixture of tri-n-butyl phosphate (tnbp) and polysorbate 80 (tween 80) is often used for virus inactivation during the manufacture of medicinal products derived from human plasma. this procedure, known as solvent/detergent treatment, is of high effectiveness for inactivation of enveloped viruses. tween 80 can be manufactured from bovine tallow or from vegetable material. as the bovine-derived tween 80 is normally used for the solvent/detergent treatment, the question has been raised whether veg ... | 2002 | 12217344 |
| natural changes in the spread of bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) among estonian cattle. | the results of a survey conducted during 1993-2000 to study the spread of bovine viral diarrhoeal virus (bvdv) among estonian cattle are presented. the bvdv infection status of a representative random sample of cattle herds housing 20 or more dairy cows was established to estimate the prevalence of herds with active bvdv infection [potentially having persistently infected (pi) cattle--suspect pi herds]. the herds investigated comprised approximately 70% of all estonian dairy cows. the bvdv infec ... | 2002 | 12241025 |
| apoptosis inhibitors delay the cytopathic effect of bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv). | based on their action in cell culture, two biotypes of bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) can be distinguished. the noncytopathic (ncp) bvdv isolated from persistently infected animals cause no visible damage to cultured bovine cells. in contrast, cytopathic (cp) bvdv induces severe damage and apoptosis in cell cultures. cp bvdv can be isolated from cattle suffering from mucosal disease (md) and is associated with the severe lesions that primarily affect the gastrointestinal tract. to get an in ... | 2002 | 12241032 |